A pumapard is the hybrid of a puma and a leopardess. In the late 1890s/early 1900s, two hybrids were born in Chicago, followed 2 years later by three sets of twin cubs born at a zoo in Hamburg, Germany from a puma father and leopard mother. Carl Hagenbeck apparently bred several litters of puma x leopard hybrids in 1898 at the suggestion of a menagerie owner in Britain. Hagenbeck had bought a 9 month old female puma-leopard cub from Anderton & Haslam's menagerie in January 1898 for 26 guineas, along with its parents, a female puma and her male leopard companion, so he is likely to have repeated the mating.

HYBRID PUMA AND LEOPARD. (The Field, 29th June 1895). SIR,—I think the following case of hybridism sufficiently interesting to record: In Anderton's menagerie there is a female puma, but no male. She was put to a large, fine male leopard, and has produced three cubs, two of which died. The third, which I saw , is now a fortnight old. It has a puma's muzzle; and the spots, instead of radiating round a yellow ocellus, as in the leopard, are dark solid blotches. Of course this may alter with age. Its fertility, if it lives, of course remains to be proved. - ARCHER VASSALL. Mandeville, Godalming.
[The occurrence of a hybrid between two species of the genus Fells so distinct in colour and locality — the puma being American and the leopard from Asia or Africa — is exceedingly interesting mad well worthy of record.—ED.]

[HYBRIDS] The Boston Globe (Massachusetts), 3rd June 1906, pg 38
“Wonder” and “Land,” the hybrid panther and leopard cubs of Ferari’s wild animal show at Wonderland, are as lively as kittens, and their panther mother fondles her two tiny brown and black offspring with true maternal tenderness. The trio are a sensation of the animal tent and evoke no end of curiosity.

CUBS OF LEOPARD FATHER AND PANTHER MOTHER. The Boston Globe (Massachusetts), 1st August 1906, pg 7.
Only Examples of their Kind in the World Visit the Globe Office – Marvel of Animal Experts.
“Wonder,” nine weeks old, described by his keeper as the “nastiest animal of his age I ever saw,” came to Boston yesterday, snarling, snapping, clawing, spitting and expressing his general objection to everybody and everything he saw. “Wonder” is an all-round-bad-egg, but he is only a little worse than his partner, “Land,” who was with him.

“Wonder” and “Land” are the only living examples of their kind, and so far as is known the only examples there ever were. They are sui generis, and they must have been fully conscious of their exclusiveness in the animal world, for yesterday they clawed red streaks in the hands of Joseph G. Ferari, their guardian, spat and snarled at the photographer who was taking their pictures, tore long rents in the upholstery of the automobile provided for their enjoyment, and were as hard to handle as a whole menagerie of grown ups. Every time they had an audience, which was practically all the time, “Wonder” and “Land” seemed to be imbued with this spirit: “We are the get of two most treacherous species of the jungle and we have got to live up to the reputation of our parentage.” And they did.

“Wonder” and “Land” were born at Wonderland park, Revere beach, nine weeks ago, and yesterday was their first afternoon away from the maternal side of the South American panther mother who nurses them. They had not seen much of the world up to yesterday afternoon, when Joseph G. Ferari, of Ferari’s trained wild animal show, and George Dobbins, manager of the Wonderland animal exhibition, bundled them into an automobile and drove them up to the Globe office to have their pictures taken. They did not like anybody or anything. They insisted upon turning their backs to the camera, would not let the artist get a good view of their spiteful countenances, and showed a disposition to fight without provocation. “Wonder” had the abhorrence of a camera which a society leader assumes, and he made several vicious passes at the instrument while his keeper was trying to get him in presentable position to be taken.

“Land” was a little more tractable, but when the artist had fixed the imprint of the physical proportions of “Wonder” and “Land” on his plate Joseph G. Ferari’s hands needed the attention of a physician, for the sharp claws of the 9-weeks-old had drawn blood from a score of deep rents. The two tawny, spotted animals, who at nine weeks are able to teach a trained keeper caution, are known as panther-hybrids. Nothing like them has ever been born in the world before, and trainer Ferari says he thinks they are in a fair way to make the ugliest and most treacherous beast in or out of captivity. The father of “Wonder” an “Land” is an East India leopard, who was captured in the forest when he was about three years old. The mother is a South American panther, who up to the age of two dwelt in the wilds. Through fortune which is to animal trainers incredible, the leopard and the panther bred and the cubs which are the result are the marvel of animal men.

In captivity up to this time leopards and panthers have shown the strongest aversion to each other. They would not associate and it was even dangerous to attempt to keep them in one cage. But Mr Ferari succeeded after much trial in finding one of each specie which would mate with the other. These panther-hybrids in the nine weeks they have been on earth have shown, Mr Ferari says, all the vicious characteristics of leopard and panther. As Mr Ferari says, the little fellows at their age ought to be as easy to handle as kittens, since lions, tigers, panthers and other ferocious beasts can be trained without danger, but yesterday he had to be as much on the alert for the sharp claws of the babies as if they were yeas instead of weeks old.

They are very interesting curious and they are also very good specimens, strong and vigorous. Both show the panther and leopard blood. The gray in the tawny coat and the spots are from the father, the leopard, while the dark buff of the coat is of the mother. The head and back are those of the panther mother, and the movement, the loping, stealthy stride indicate strongly the predominance of the panther maternal blood.

“When these kittens are 4 weeks older it will be impossible for us to attempt to touch them with our hands,” said Mr Ferari. “Never have I seen the vicious element in animals developed so young. What they will be, what characteristics growth will develop we do not know. They are an enigma, a problem. I think they will be an interesting study.”

After their excursion to town “Wonder” and “Land” late in the afternoon were restored to the care of their panther mother at Wonderland park and it was curious to observe the way the panther snarled as she smelled the traces of numerous human hands on the coats of her offspring.

Both male puma x female leopard and male leopard x female puma pairings have produced offspring. Hamburg Zoo had a hybrid (the one in the black and white photo) fathered by a puma bred to an Indian leopardess. A specimen purchased in 1898 by Berlin Zoo from Carl Hagenbeck was a cross between a male leopard and a female puma (the same as the Chicago hybrids). Various newspapers published this report in early 1903: “The first successful experiment I made was with a leopard and a puma," said Mr. Hagenbeck recently. “And the only living animal of the litter I sold some time ago to the Berlin Zoological Garden, where it Is still in the collection.” In The Field No 2887, April 25th, 1908, Henry Scherren wrote "Writing in Zoologischer Garten (1903, pp. 288-90), Forstmeister Adolf Rorig, of Frankfort-on-the-Main, gave a summary of the notices of feline hybrids that had previously appeared in that journal. There was, and probably is now, in the Berlin Garden and Indian leopard and puma male hybrid, purchased of Carl Hagenbeck in 1898. In his “Guide” Dr Heck described it as “a little grey puma with large brown rosettes.” Another hybrid between the same species, but with a puma for sire and a leopard from dam, was recently at Stellingen; it resembled the female parent in form, as may be seen from the reproduction from a photograph taken there." Hagenbeck much later wrote (1951) that a male puma and female leopard produced a hybrid cub that was reared by a Fox terrier bitch (this was common practice to ensure a tamed individual) at Hagenbeck Tierpark, Hamburg. The hybrid was male and intermediate between the puma and leopard in colour and pattern, having faint leopard spots on a puma-coloured background. The body length was much less than either parent and the tail was long, like the puma.

A pair of leopard x puma hybrid cubs were born in Chicago on 24 April 1896 at Tattersalls indoor arena where Ringling Brothers Circus opened its season. Details about the two cubs were published in The Chicago Chronicle on 25th April 1896: Two tiny cubs which look like young leopards were born at Tattersall's where Ringling Brothers circus is housed, yesterday (24 APR [18]96). They are not leopards, however. Their mother is a mountain lion or cougar and their father is a leopard. They take after their father decidedly, and are the daintiest little members of the cat family ever born in captivity. In fact they are the only ones of their kind, so far as known, ever born, either within the confines of a cage or anywhere else. These black and yellow youngsters were on exhibition yesterday and were admired by all who saw them. They will probably be on view the rest of the time the circus exhibits in Chicago.

H Petzsch (1956) mentioned that puma/leopard hybrids had been obtained by artificial insemination.

Dr Helmut Hemmer (1966) reported a hybrid between a male Indian leopard (P pardus fusca) and female puma as being fairly small with a ground colour like that of the puma and having rather faded rosettes.