THE PORTS OF THE BRISTOL CHANNEL WALES AND THE WEST.
The London Printing and Engraving Co.

THE PORTS OF THE BRISTOL CHANNEL WALES AND THE WEST.

IN many respects the district which comes under our notice in the present volume of industrial, commercial, and historical reviews ranks as one of the most important and interesting quarters of Great Britain. It is noteworthy alike on the score of historic interest, of natural resources, and of municipal and mercantile enterprise; and one has only to glance through the annals of England and Wales to perceive at once the prominence of the part played by this Western region and its energetic people in the social and political affairs of the kingdom, and to understand how largely the busy ports on the shores of the Bristol Channel in particular have contributed to our wealth and renown as the greatest commercial nation in the world.

Any review of these flourishing ports must of necessity involve an account of each of the coast towns included in their number, together with a summary of their several histories and business achievements. Such a review, however, can hardly stop here, for it must also embrace some consideration of the wide inland area immediately affected by and interested in the activity of these different seaports. For our present purpose this area may be conveniently referred to under the title, “Wales and the West,” and it will thus be understood to include those parts of the Principality which have a special industrial or commercial aspect (notably the populous manufacturing and mining districts), and also some portions of the contiguous English counties, including Monmouthshire, &c.

The Bristol Channel seaports afford an outlet for much of the produce of Wales and the West Country, and they are also gateways of entrance for a very considerable share of our importations from the American continent. In roughly outlining the scope of this volume, therefore, it may be said that in its pages we shall deal with those communities in which the spirit of Western enterprise has made itself most strikingly apparent. Due notice will be taken of the achievements of ancient and famous Bristol, once the rival of London itself in trading beyond the seas; of the wonderful port and town of Cardiff, the progress of which during the last half-century has been almost unprecedented; of Swansea, Llanelly, and Newport, with their varied industries and large shipping undertakings, and of several other Western ports of creditable prominence. The beautiful and time-honoured city of Bath — most charming of health resorts and most fashionable of inland watering-places — will also claim a share of our attention, and, should space permit, the survey may also be extended to the cities of Gloucester and Hereford and the interesting town of Shrewsbury — ancient municipalities dating back to the earliest periods of English history, and presenting modern features which are well worthy of consideration.

The several ports, towns, and cities to which the attention of the reader will be invited in the following pages contain at the present time an aggregate population of something like 900,000 people: and the principal seaports in our list show a total annual exportation of British products valued at over £11,000,000, besides contributing to the national revenue nearly £1,000,000 sterling in customs dues. Their importance in a commercial sense is therefore manifest, and entitles them to a place in any work designed to illustrate the progress of the present age in British trade and manufacture.

It will be our endeavour in the present instance not to write anything in the nature of an exhaustive historical narrative, but rather to set down a few salient facts of history in a concise manner, and to couple them with such additional comment and statistical records as may serve to indicate the modern character of Wales and the West as a manufacturing and commercial district. In pursuance of this aim, and in order to cite at an early opportunity an example of extraordinary advancement and local prosperity, we may inaugurate this introductory portion of our work by dwelling for a short time upon the annals and undertakings of the Welsh commercial metropolis, the populous and thriving town of

CARDIFF.

IN the records of its progress daring the present century this great and influential community presents a remarkably forcible instance of municipal and mercantile development brought about by the vigorous efforts of an intelligent and enterprising population, and it may truly be said of Cardiff that no town or city in Britain at the present day owes more to the public spirit of its people or better justifies their individual and united endeavours to promote its welfare.

The growth of Cardiff as a commercial centre and trading port has been unparalleled in recent years, and it is, consequently, in its business aspect that this flourishing town most strongly appeals to us. At the same time the records of the place in days long anterior to the dawn of its commercial prosperity are not without interest, and some of them may be briefly incorporated in this sketch.

HISTORY.

Cardiff is a place of great antiquity, and begins to figure prominently at quite a remote period in the exciting scenes of early Welsh and British history. Who was the actual founder of the town it would be difficult to say, but the name seems to throw some little light on this obscure point. The Welsh form of the name, Cardiff, is Caerdydd, and this is understood to signify the fort or city of Didius, a Roman commander, who once had a camp or station at this spot. Some other etymologists and historians suggest “Caer Taf” (“the fort on the Taff”) as a probable derivation of the name; but, having regard to the modern Welsh pronunciation, which is still largely used, there is strong reason to believe that Caerdydd “has it,” and that Aulas Didius, the doughty Roman general above mentioned, founded the place under his own name as Castra Didii. The Welsh princes of Morganwg (Glamorgan) made Cardiff their seat as far back as the sixth century, and it is probable that under their rule the place increased in size by degrees, though the constant warfare in which its lords were at that period involved with Saxons, Danes, and other invaders produced a condition of things anything but favourable to steady progress. After the Norman Conquest, Robert Fitzhamon, one of William’s barons, acquired the lordship of Cardiff and the district generally, and he it was who built the formidable and famous Cardiff Castle, in which Robert “Curthose,” Duke of Normandy, was imprisoned from the year 1107 until his death in 1135. Charters were granted to Cardiff by Edward III., Henry VI., and Elizabeth, and these were confirmed and enlarged by the Charter of Incorporation granted by James I. in 1616. Owen Glendower took the town and castle in 1404, and partially destroyed them. It is recorded that in the reign of Elizabeth Cardiff was “a general resort of pirates,” and the moral tone of the place at that period would seem to have reached a very low ebb.

With the outbreak of the Civil War came new scenes of strife and turmoil, and at first the old castle of Cardiff cut a brave figure, gallantly holding out for the King. The all-conquering Cromwell, however, reduced it to submission in time. From the period of the Restoration down to the dawn of the present century the history of Cardiff has been comparatively uneventful, and the modern development of the place is nothing less than marvellous when we glance at the figures of the census of 1801, and learn from them that Cardiff then contained only 327 houses and 1,018 inhabitants. To-day the houses exceed 20,000 in number, and the population is nearly 130,000. The old fortifications of Cardiff have vanished, but we may learn what they were like from the writings of local historians. Not very long ago the walls of the town were in a state of fair preservation, despite their great age, and they extended with few interruptions from North Street to Mill Lane. At the north-eastern angle of the rampart stood an ancient watch tower, which fell down just fifty years ago. There were other towers for purposes of defence, and also a moat of considerable extent, but the “march of improvement” has eliminated these relics of a bygone age. The castle is now the residence of the Marquis of Bute, the noble bearer of a name which is honoured and revered in Cardiff for the manner in which it has been identified with those great progressive movements that have established the town in its present position of influence, wealth and prosperity.

Cardiff stands on a level1 expanse of ground on the east bank of the Taff, near the coast-line of the Bristol Channel and the roadstead of Penarth. It is a parliamentary and municipal borough, the parliamentary borough comprising the parishes of St. John, St. Mary, Roath, and Canton, and the boroughs of Cowbridge and Llantrissant. One member is returned to Parliament by the Cardiff district, the present representative of the borough at Westminster being Sir E. J. Reed, K.C.B., Gladatonian Liberal, who was elected in 1880 by a majority of 342 votes over the number polled by his Unionist opponent.

The municipal borough includes the parishes of St. John, St. Mary, Roath, and Canton, and these are subdivided into ten wards, the names of which are, respectively, Central, South, Cathays, Park, Adamsdown, Canton, Riverside, Roath, Grangetown and Splott Wards. The local government is vested in a mayor, alderman, and town councillors, each ward being represented by one alderman and three councillors. Aldermen are elected by the Town Council for five years, and are eligible for re-election; town councillors are elected by the burgesses for three years. The present Mayor of Cardiff is Alderman Thomas Rees (Canton Ward), and the Deputy Mayor is Alderman David Jones (Roath Ward).

The municipal organisation is manifestly sound, and its policy has helped to secure a high state of local prosperity, besides assisting in every possible way to develop the resources of the town as a great social, political, and commercial centre. Modern Cardiff is well worthy of the pride of its people and of the unceasing care they bestow upon its various interests; and its advancement in recent years points to the fact that the goal of its progressive career still lies far ahead, and that its highest achievements will be for future historians to chronicle.

TOPOGRAPHICAL FEATURES.

As might be expected, from the methods of municipal management pursued of late the people of Cardiff have spared no effort to make their town handsome in appearance as well as prosperous in condition. In all its newer parts Cardiff presents many excellent structural features, and throughout the area of the municipal borough it is remarkably well paved and well lighted, besides possessing very complete sanitary arrangements. The principal streets are broad and well kept, and in these spacious thoroughfares will be found business establishments which would reflect credit upon any city in the world. Time was when Cardiff was a long way outside the pale of fashion, but the energy of its inhabitants has changed all that, and to-day this great Welsh town is perfectly au courant with the progress of the rest of the world as is the metropolis itself. The opening up of rapid means of communication by rail and sea has wrought this beneficent change, and has enabled the people of Cardiff to share in every luxury, as well as in every necessary of life that the activity of British trade brings to our shores from every land under the sun. In the handsome and often palatial establishments which line the chief streets of Cardiff one may find stocks of merchandise of every description as comprehensive and attractive as can be met with anywhere else in the United Kingdom; and for courtesy and enterprise the merchants and traders of this busy town are second to none. The business-like aspect of Cardiff is particularly impressive, at once commanding admiration and promoting thought and retrospect.

“Here, in these crowded thoroughfares we find the pulsing heart of a mighty commercial organisation whose vitality is ever augmenting, and whose influence is already world-wide. Here, in place of the romantic turmoil of the old town in Plantagenet and Tudor times, we see all the thousand and one elements and factors in a vast system of mercantile activity, working together in a collective harmony which, paradoxical as it may seem, is only enhanced by individual competition. And here, we are bound to admit, Cardiff shows herself at her best and brightest, for the very essence of her being is the spirit of commerce and the fervour of trade enterprise that pervade her streets, her docks and quays, her factories and warehouses, and her inhabitants in well-nigh every walk of life.”

It is easy to find one’s way about in the thoroughfares of the Welsh metropolis, and the attractive aspect, good order, and healthy condition of the town in the present year of grace constitute a high tribute to the earnest efforts of the authorities, who have devoted so much attention to the improvement of the streets and buildings within their jurisdiction. The growth of the town during the last twenty or thirty years has carried its streets and structures out over a wide area, and the suburbs have increased immensely in almost all directions. What this steady expansion of a great community really amounts to in time may be understood by anyone who will watch the gradual absorption, year by year, of the fields and lanes in the environs of any growing town, and their incorporation into the system of paved thoroughfares and lofty buildings. As the fields disappear, outlying villages, &c., are brought nearer to the great centre of population and activity, and this finds illustration at Cardiff in the venerable cathedral city of Llandaff, a most ancient though very small place, which, though once about six miles distant, is now almost connected with its huge neighbour.

As a town increases in size and population it becomes imperative that a corresponding enlargement should take place in its facilities of internal transit as well as in its means of communication with the outer world. In these respects Cardiff meets all requirements. There are over one hundred and fifty licensed cabs plying in the streets of the town, and cab-ranks have been fixed for these vehicles at several prominent and accessible spots, such as the Town Hall, the theatre, Queen Street, North Street, Bute Docks, &c. The fares are regulated by the Corporation upon a moderate and reasonable basis, and the vehicles are as a rule comfortable, well horsed, and well driven. Besides the cabs there is an ample service of tramcars and omnibuses, affording ready means of access at economical rates to all parts of the town and suburbs. The principal tramway lines are (1) from Roath to the docks, (2) from Canton to the docks, (3) from St. John’s Square to Cathays, [4} from Grangetown to Splottlands. The omnibus routes are as follows:- From Roath to the docks, from Canton to Roath, from Canton to the docks, from the Monument to Cathays, from the Monument to Richmond Road, from Bute Terrace to Carlisle Street (East Moors), the end of Duke Street to Llandaff, from St. Mary Street to Penarth, and from Pier Head to Penarth Ferry.

In the matter of railway and steamboat communication, Cardiff enjoys splendid facilities. The principal line entering the town from a distance is that of the South Wales division of the Great Western Railway, which has its passenger station at the head of St. Mary Street. The Taff Vale Railway (connecting with the Midland Railway system) has its chief station for passengers and goods at Station Terrace. The London and North-Western Railway has a goods-station in Tyndall Street. In Queen Street is situated the passenger-station of the Rhymney Railway. By these and other connecting lines travellers can reach Cardiff conveniently and expeditiously from any quarter of the United Kingdom, and the mineral product of the South Wales district can be brought to the docks for shipment to any destination at home or abroad. In connection with the docks, we note the remarkable steamship arrangements which place Cardiff in touch with all British and foreign ports. There are frequent sailings to and from Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Antwerp, Hamburgh, Bordeaux, Dublin, Cork, Glasgow, Hull, Bristol, Liverpool, Belfast, and London. The Glamorgan Canal Company’s boats communicate daily with Aberdare and Merthyr Tydvil; twice a week there is a steamer to Bridgwater; and every day three services of steamboats are kept going to and from Bristol. The Penarth Ferry is also a great convenience, a boat running every twenty minutes during tide.

Having now briefly considered the history, topography, local government, and transport facilities of Cardiff, we may proceed to notice in a concise form some of the town’s principal

PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND INSTITUTIONS.

The public buildings of a town are frequently a criterion of its advancement, and those of Cardiff are highly creditable to the place and its people. The ancient Castle, which has been most skilfully restored, and the fine old Church of St. John, are almost the only historic and antique edifices in the town, but there are numerous buildings of more modern date which are worthy of mention. Notable among these is the large and handsome Town Hall, situated in St. Mary Street. This fine structure dates from the year 1850, and was erected from the designs of a London architect, Mr. Horace Jones. It has been considerably added to and enlarged in later years, as the borough grew, and its requirements increased; and there is now excellent accommodation for the Council Chamber, municipal offices, Law Courts, police court, and police-station, &c., &c. This block also contains the large Assembly Hall, which is devoted to the purposes of public meetings, banquets, &c. The Government Buildings in Bute Place, Bute Docks, were commenced in 1880, the architect being Mr. Rivers. They form a large and commodious block in the Doric style of architecture, and contain the offices of the Board of Trade, the Mercantile Marine Offices, the Cardiff Local Marine Board, and other Government offices. The Custom House and the Inland Revenue offices are situated in Custom House Street.

The churches of Cardiff are very numerous, and not a few of them rank among the architectural ornaments of the town. The fine old Church of St. John is particularly interesting, and its noble tower dates from the middle of the fifteenth century. Between 1884 and 1889 this church was restored and considerably enlarged. Other important churches are those of St. Andrew (1860); St. Mary (1845); All Saints (1856); St. John’s (Canton); and St. Margaret’s (Roath). These are churches of the Establishment, and connected with them are several mission churches, chapels of ease, &c.

The Nonconformist bodies are very numerously represented in Cardiff, and their chapels are among the noteworthy places of worship, the requirements of all denominations of those who dissent from the Established Church being amply provided for. There are five Roman Catholic churches in Cardiff, the town being embraced in the Roman Catholic diocese of Newport and Menevia, of which sea the Right Rev. John Cuthbert Hedley is Bishop. Several other religious denominations have places of worship in the borough, including the Free Church of England, the Lutherans, the Unitarians, and the Christadelphians. At Cardiff, also, are situated the Salvation Army Headquarters for South Wales and Mid-Wales, and the Army have several halls in the district.

Cardiff is well supplied with charitable institutions and establishments devoted to the succour and relief of the poor, the sick, the helpless, and the insane; and in the principles of their organisation and the manner of their administration these institutions are second to none in the country. They include the

Glamorganshire and Monmouthshire Infirmary, founded over half a century ago, and located in a fine group of buildings specially erected for the purpose; the Cardiff Provident Dispensary, which enables the working classes to provide themselves with advice and medicine by their own thrift; the Seamen’s Hospital, on board H.M.S. Hamadryad, a vessel supplied by the Admiralty for this purpose, and moored near the sea-lock of the Canal; “The Rest,” at Porthcawl, a home by the sea for invalids and patients suffering from scrofulous complaints; the House of Mercy at Llandaff; the Asylum of the Good Shepherd at Penylan; and Nazareth House, North Road, an institution conducted by the “Poor Sisters of Nazareth,” whose headquarters are at Hammersmith, and whose noble work among the destitute poor, orphans, waifs and strays, and incurables has met with such high and deserved approval at Cardiff as well as in London. The Cardiff Charity Organisation Society has done good work since its foundation in 1886: and another institution of a highly meritorious character is St. Margaret’s House of Mercy. The operations of these beneficent establishments are greatly facilitated by the liberal support they all receive from the general public from prominent personages in Cardiff and the vicinity. Among the latter the Marquis of Bute — ever foremost in well-doing — stands conspicuous, and his example serves to stimulate the generosity of others, while his name inspires confidence in the worthiness of each cause with which he permits it to be associated.

Welshmen have ever been noted for the close attention they pay to matters of education and intellectual culture, and on these points Cardiff is fully up to the high standard maintained throughout the Principality. Foremost among the educational institutions of the town and county stands the University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire, which was projected some twelve years ago by a number of influential personages desirous of promoting the cause of intermediate and higher education in Wales. This important college was opened in October, 1883, by Lord Aberdare, who was from the first actively interested in its organisation. The University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire is open to both male and female students, and is conducted upon non-sectarian lines, no student, professor, teacher, or other person connected with it being required to “make any declaration as to his religious opinions, or to submit to any test whatsoever thereof.” The college is well accommodated in spacious premises, and every arrangement is complete for comprehensive academical work. There are now many students in attendance, and the professional staff is large and efficient. The Marquis of Bute, K.T., is president, and Lord Aberdare, G.C.B., is vice-president of the council. The treasurer is Sir Henry Hussey Vivian, Bart., M.P., and the principal is J. Viriamu Jones, M.A. (Oxon.), B.Sc. (Lond.), Fell. Univ. Coll., Lond. The professorial chairs are those of Greek, Latin, Logic and Philosophy, English Language and Literature and History, Mathematics and Astronomy, Physics, Chemistry, Engineering, Biology, and Celtic. There are also lecturers on the French Language and Literature, German Language and Literature, Hebrew Language, Music, Mathematics; and demonstrators in Physics, Chemistry, and Engineering.

Other noteworthy schools and institutes for educational purposes in the Cardiff district are Howell’s School, Llandaff; the Llandaff School for Deaf and Dumb Children; the Science, Art, and Commercial Schools, for technical instruction; the school on H.M.S. Havannah, where over sixty boys are maintained and taught in various matters connected with seafaring: the Craddock Wells Endowment School, founded in the early part of last century, and devoted to the education and bringing up of a number of poor boys and girls of Cardiff; the Institute for the Blind, in Longcross Street; and the schools of the Sisters of Providence at Roath, and of the Sisters of St. Margaret’s (East Grinstead), in North Church Street. Besides the above there are many elementary schools, including thirteen Board schools, thirteen National schools, a Wesleyan school, and six Roman Catholic schools.

Closely associated with the educational establishments of Cardiff in the work of intellectual training are the several excellent literary institutions found in the town. These include a splendid Free Library, with reading-room, museum, and well-stocked reference and lending libraries; also the Cardiff and County Subscription Library in St. Mary Street; the fine law library of the Incorporated Law Society; the Exchange News Room, where all the principal newspapers, magazines and periodicals are available to subscribers; the Young Men’s Christian Association, with its comprehensive system for the benefit and advancement of its members, and the Young Women’s Christian Association dates from 1884 and has its rooms in Charles Street.

The unwarrantable assumption that people who devote much of their lives to the pursuits of commerce cannot have much sympathy with the fine arts has been repeatedly disproved by the high state of artistic culture met with in many of our large manufacturing and mercantile towns; and in Cardiff we find a number of striking evidences of the fact that most business people turn instinctively to the arts for that rest and relaxation which is the most valuable when it assumes the form of complete change from, and contrast to, the routine of every-day life.
Cardiff has various artistic institutions which all tend to advance the intellectual standard and general taste of a naturally refined and gifted people, and the town (like all the rest of Wales) makes a particularly creditable show in musical matters. The Welsh are probably the most musical people in all Britain, and the glorious traditions of their bards are kept constantly in mind and treasured with zealous care. Long, long ago, when the clash of war and the tramp of armed hosts resounded in the land of the Cymry, the art of poetry found its devotees in every camp, and the sister art of music awoke the echoes of hill and valley as it gave voice to some stirring song of love or battle, instinct with sentiment and patriotic fervour. To-day the industries of peace supplant the strategy of war — the sword has become a ploughshare, and mills and factories replace the tented field; but the bardic harp has lost none of its charm for the Welshman, and its strains can still touch a responsive chord in his breast. Cardiff has several important and admirably organised musical societies, including the South Wales Choral Union, the Cardiff Musical Society, the Cardiff Orchestral Society, the Cardiff Blue Ribbon Choir, and the Llandaff Diocesan Church Choral Association, this latter comprising the church choirs of the diocese of Llandaff formed into a union with the object of promoting the improvement of church music and congregational singing. During the present year (1892) Cardiff will hold its first great Musical Festival on a scale similar to that of the festivals at Birmingham, Leeds, &c., and these gatherings are intended to be a permanent and regularly recurring institution in the future musical life of the town.

The drama is also largely patronised and fully appreciated here, and the town has three theatres — the Theatre Royal, the Grand Theatre, and the Empire Theatre of Varieties. The principal halls are the Philharmonic Hall, the Park Hall, the Colonial Hall, the Lecture Hall in Queen Street Arcade, and the Swiss Hall in Queen Street. These afford excellent accommodation for concerts, lectures, entertainments and meetings. We should also mention the Victoria Music-Hall in St. Mary Street.

The inhabitants of Cardiff, besides possessing ample facilities for intellectual amusement and refined entertainment indoors, are equally well provided with places of outdoor recreation. The parks are beautiful and extensive pleasure-grounds, admirably laid out to serve their useful and beneficial purpose. They include Roath Park, the delightful Sophia Gardens, Cardiff Arms Park, Sophia Gardens Field, and the Recreation Ground at Cathays. The three last-named grounds are largely used by the numerous athletic clubs of the town and district.

Cardiff has a number of excellent hotels which afford highly satisfactory accommodation to visitors. Among these are the Angel Hotel, Barry’s Hotel, the Park Hall Hotel, Wyatt’s Royal Clarence Temperance and Commercial Hotel, and the Lansdowne at Penarth. Club life is in a well-advanced condition here, and there are several important clubs such as the Cardiff and County Club, the Glamorgan Club, the Cardiff Conservative Club, the Cardiff Reform Club, and the Cardiff Exchange Club, the members of the last-named club being principally prominent merchants, shipowners, and bankers of the town. There are seven banks in Cardiff, viz., Lloyd’s Bank: a branch of the Bristol and West of England Bank, Limited; a branch of the London and Provincial Bank, Limited; a branch of the National Provincial Bank of England, Limited; the head office of the National Bank of Wales, Limited; a branch of the South Wales Union Bank, Limited; and a branch of the County of Gloucester Bank, Limited.

Of the press of Cardiff it would be difficult to speak too highly. The daily newspapers are four in number, viz., the ‘Western Mail,’ Conservative; the ‘South Wales Daily News,’ Liberal; the ‘Evening Express,’ Conservative; and the ‘South Wales Echo,’ Liberal. There are also five weekly journals — the ‘Weekly Mail,’ Conservative; the ‘Cardiff Times,’ Liberal: the ‘Cardiff Figaro,’ the ‘News of the Week,’ Conservative; and the ‘Welsh Athlete.’ These various journals speak eloquently at all times in the interests of the community in general and of their special clientele in particular, and in the cause of national and social progress their influence is both powerful and well directed.

THE COMMERCE OF CARDIFF

AS an example of rapid and enormous development within a comparatively brief period of time, Cardiff in its business aspect has few modern parallels in the Old World. A century ago few people would have dreamed that the then small and quiet seaport, with its insignificant trade and its less than two thousand inhabitants, would within the next hundred years develop into the large and flourishing municipal borough and port with which we now familiar. No more wonderful thing of the kind has come to pass in a similar space of time in Great Britain, and Cardiff may fairly be awarded the palm for rapid growth and increase in wealth and commerce. Two great causes have contributed to this effect — two causes which long lay dormant, but which eventually awoke into life and activity. One of these may be found in the situation of Cardiff: the other in the mineral wealth of the neighbourhood. The Penarth roadstead has always afforded a remarkably safe anchorage for shipping, and its natural advantages in this and other respects have from the first endowed it with great possibilities as a port. In addition to all this, Cardiff is the natural outlet for the mineral riches of Wales and Monmouthshire, and its splendid railway facilities co-operate with its advantages as a shipping port. The Glamorganshire Canal was completed in 179$, and this waterway was for many years the channel by which the coal and iron of the mining districts reached the coast.

We need not speak here of the well-known superiority of the Welsh steam coal — its reputation is world-wide, and it is shipped to every quarter of the globe in response to a universal demand. The opening of the Taff Valley Railway, in 1840, gave a great impetus to the trade of Cardiff, by increasing the facilities of mineral traffic, and this line still continues to be of the highest possible usefulness to the port and to the mining districts. It was during the construction of the Taff Valley Railway that the then Marquis of Bute conceived the idea of forming a large dock between the town and the Bristol Channel, utilising for this purpose an expanse of waste land belonging to himself. Thus was inaugurated what is known and admired as one of the finest pieces of dock structure and engineering in the United Kingdom, and the greatly enlarged Bute Docks as they now exist are a monument to the foresight and enterprise of their noble founder, who, more than half a century ago, saw and understood how immensely beneficial such an addition to the shipping accommodation of the port would be to the entire trade of South Wales. Since then the town and port of Cardiff have prospered exceedingly, and a few quotations of statistical figures will indicate the remarkable manner in which all the trading enterprises of the place have developed during the past fifty to fifty-five years. In 1848 the quantity of coals shipped coastwise at Cardiff was 544,196 tons, and the shipments to foreign ports in the same year amounted to 115,604 tons. This represented five times the amount of the shipments in 1838. To-day Cardiff has fairly established its claim to be recognised as the largest coal-exporting port in the United Kingdom, the quantity of coal and coke shipped at the Bute Docks in 1890 being 7,420,080 tons, while an additional 1,568,895 tons were shipped at Penarth, the busy Bristol channel port which, in the space of fifty years, has grown up from a tiny village to be a fashionable seaside resort and a lively seat of maritime trade, with a resident population of fully 12,000.

The number and tonnage of vessels that entered and cleared the port of Cardiff during the year 1849 were 9,064 vessels, aggregating 695,022 tons. In 1888 the vessels entered numbered 12,973, with a tonnage of 5,767,616; while the clearances were 13,274 vessels, of 6, 483, 762 tons aggregate. In 1890 there entered and cleared from the port 25,972 vessels, of 13,021,688 tons in the aggregate. For the registered tonnage of its vessels cleared with cargoes to foreign countries and British possessions Cardiff shows in the year 1890 a total of 5,498,266 tons. These figures being considerably in excess of those shown by either London or Liverpool, it is plain that Cardiff is the ‘first port in the United Kingdom’ in volume of export trade – a fact of which the people of this progressive town may indeed be justly proud. The number and net tonnage of sailing and steam vessels registered under the Merchant Shipping Acts as belonging to the port of Cardiff on December 31st, 1888, were 290 vessels of 151,792 tons in the aggregate. The value of the total exports of produce of the United Kingdom from Cardiff in 1884 was £4,806,112. In 1888 the figures rose to £4,873,106. In 1890 they stood at no less than £7,863,986. The value of the total imports of foreign and colonial produce brought into the port of Cardiff in 1884 was £1,756,685; in 1888 the imports reached a value of £2,165,961. In 1890 they amounted to £2,600,509. The gross customs receipts at the port of Cardiff in 1888 were £25,423. In 1890 they were £37,819.

The import trade of Cardiff increases concurrently with the* growing demands of the thousands of workers engaged in the great, metallurgical and other industries of the town and its vicinity.

The operatives have daily requirements which must be satisfied: hence we find among the imports great quantities of provisions, grain, potatoes, live cattle, meats, flour, fruits, and other food stuffs which are not only in demand in Cardiff itself, but are also distributed over a wide area in South Wales, Monmouthshire, and the western and midland counties, Cardiff being the natural emporium for these districts. The timber trade of the port is enormous, great quantities of timber being required for use at the collieries, and there is a vast importation of Spanish haematite ore for mixing with the native ore of Wales. The export trade of Cardiff, as we have already shown, is of extraordinary magnitude, and coal is
Its chief commodity, the facilities for shipping coal at the docks quickness being probably superior to those existing at any British port. Among other important exports are found all descriptions of ironwork, great quantities of patent fuel, steel, iron, steel rails, cutlery, textile fabrics, hardware in great variety, glass and earthenware, and almost every other British product. There are also many large and important industries carried on in Cardiff, including copper smelting, engineering and shipbuilding, iron and steel manufacture, tin stamping, &c. Most of these industries are conducted upon a truly gigantic scale, and a notable example of this is found at the vast works of the Dowlais Iron Company, which cover nearly 100 acres of land to the north of Roath Dock.

THE BUTE DOCKS.

No single factor has contributed more extensively to the prosperity of Cardiff by promoting convenience and despatch in the operations of its trade, than have the Bute Docks, for which this port is now so widely famous in the shipping world. These magnificent docks were projected by the late Marquis of Bute about sixty years ago, and the prosperity of Cardiff has progressed hand-in-hand, as it were, with their growth and development. The Bute West Dock was opened in 1839, and the Taff Vale Railway being completed and opened within a few months afterwards, the result of the facilities thus afforded soon became manifest in an amazing increase in the trade of the port. Within the space of five years (1839 to 1854) the export of coal from Cardiff increased considerably more than two hundred-fold! In 1855 the Bute East Dock was opened, and a year later a tidal harbour was constructed. The Bute East Dock was subsequently considerably enlarged, and the tidal harbour has now become absorbed in Roath Basin, a sort of antechamber to Roath Dock. Roath Basin was constructed by Lord Bute’s trustees, and opened in 1874. The latest addition to Cardiff’s fine dock system is Roath Dock, which was opened in 1887. - The total water area available in the Bute Docks at the present time is 110 and three-quarter acres, made up as follows:— Bute East Dock, 46 and a-quarter acres; Roath Dock, 33 acres; Bute West Dock, 19 and a-half acres; and Roath Basin, 12 acres. The Bute Docks are now under the control of an incorporated company, styled the “Bute Docks Company,” of which the Marquis of Bute is chairman. They are fully equipped with the most effective modern appliances for loading and unloading vessels, including the wonderful “Lewis-Hunter” coaling cranes; and no docks in the kingdom afford better facilities for the conduct of both import and export operations upon a large scale. In connection with the docks there are large warehouses for storing all kinds of merchandise requiring shelter; while the wharfage area for other goods is commensurately extensive. Huge grain warehouses are also provided, and these are being largely added to.

Dock charges at Cardiff are upon an especially moderate scale, and there are ample facilities for overhauling and repairing vessels, there being several graving docks of large size. As showing how complete is the system of communication by rail between Cardiff and other parts of the United Kingdom, we may say that no less than seven railways have communication with the Bute Docks, viz., the Great Western, the London and North-Western, the Midland, the Taff Vale Railway, the Brecon and Merthyr Railway, the Rhymney Railway, and the Pontypridd, Caerphilly, and Newport Railway. Our readers will find a most useful little handbook of industrial and shipping information in “Some Account of the Bute Docks, Cardiff, and the Surrounding Works and Industries,” published by Daniel Owen & Co., Limited, Cardiff. The same firm also publish an excellent “Almanack,” containing tide-tables, plans of the docks, and a large variety of practical information concerning the town and the port. In due course, in the present volume, we shall speak individually of many of Cardiff’s great industrial and commercial firms; just now, however, we must proceed to briefly consider a few other noteworthy and prosperous Welsh communities, and prominent among these stands

SWANSEA.

This important and interesting municipal and parliamentary borough has a remarkably fine situation, and presents a picturesque appearance, from its position in an angle between lofty hills, up the slopes of which the houses of the town extend on either side. Here the River Tawe flows into Swansea Bay, one of the most beautiful recesses of the Bristol Channel, and it is in a large measure owing to the fine facilities which this bay affords for sea-bathing that Swansea has lately been increasing in popularity as a summer resort. It is not easy to trace the history of Swansea back to its actual commencement, but the place was certainly of no importance until the end of the eleventh century, when Henry de Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, built Swansea Castle. That historic fortress was frequently assaulted and several times destroyed by the Welsh, and it suffered greatly at the hands of Owen Glendower. In 1647 Cromwell ordered it to be dismantled, probably on account of the resistance it offered to him before the eventual triumph of the Parliament. Some interesting remains of Swansea Castle still exist, notably the hall, the dungeons, and the imposing keep. The latter dates from the fourteenth century, having been built by one of the Bishops of St. David’s. Swansea was made a Borough by King John, and subsequent charters conferring increased privileges were granted by Henry III., Edward II., and Edward III.

With the exception of the Castle there are few monuments of antiquity in Swansea. Even the fine old church of St. Mary (founded in the fourteenth century) was largely rebuilt about a hundred and fifty years ago. The town itself is essentially modern and its growth is due to its remarkable activity in the metal trades. The streets are regularly laid out, well paved and well lighted, and there is every evidence of highly satisfactory local government. The municipal borough has a population of 90,423, and is ruled by a mayor, six aldermen, and eighteen councillors.

As showing the steady growth of the town it may be said that the population in 1871 was 51,702, and in 1881, 65,597. Swansea town now has separate parliamentary representation, and the present member is Mr. R. J. Dickson-Burnie, liberal.

The modern public buildings of Swansea are numerous, and very creditable to the place. They include the Guildhall, with the Municipal Offices and a fine law library: the Free Public Library (30,000 volumes), with art gallery and school of art in the building; the Grammar School, dating its foundation back as far as 1682; the large and well-arranged market, built 1830; and the Royal Institution of South
Wales, occupying a handsome building in the classic style, in which are a library, lecture-room, and museum of geological and antiquarian specimens. The town is rich in institutions for charitable and other purposes, and among these are the General Hospital, the Deaf and Dumb Institution, the Swansea and South Wales Institute for the Blind, the Eye Hospital, the Sailors’ Home, the Dispensary, and the Nursing Institution. A large concert hall and two theatres afford musical and dramatic entertainment, and there are several very fine public parks and recreation grounds.

Swansea is situated about 45 miles from Cardiff, and has excellent means of railway communication. There are also good facilities of transport by canal, one canal running along the valley of the Tawe into Brecknockshire, another connecting the river Neath with the harbour, and another communicating with the neighbouring collieries. The advantages enjoyed by Swansea in its excellent port, coupled with the immediate proximity of valuable collieries, have made it one of the busiest and most prosperous towns in Wales. Copper smelting is here carried on to an extent probably unequalled elsewhere, at home or abroad, and this has been the chief industry of the place for over two hundred years. Vast quantities of copper are annually brought to Swansea by the large smelting firms whose works form such a conspicuous feature of the district, and the product of these great establishments, in ingots, bars, sheets, &c., is distributed from here throughout the United Kingdom and the world in general. Other notable industries of Swansea include tinplate manufacture, lead smelting, silver extracting, iron and steel manufacture, spelter and zinc manufacture, and the building of railway rolling-stock. The oyster fishery in Swansea Bay still continues to be of very considerable value.

During the last forty-five years great improvements have been effected in the harbour, and there is now excellent accommodation for the shipping of the port, which is very extensive. In 1876 the entries into the port of Swansea, were 7,799 vessels, aggregating 1,068,062 tons, and the clearances from the port were 7,549 vessels, of 1,041,078 tons. In 1885 the entries were 7,447 vessels, of 1,461,248 tons, and the clearances were 7,051 vessels, of 1,366,117 tons. In 1888 the entries were 6,565 vessels, of 1,339,340 tons, and the clearances 6,553 vessels, of 1,341,390 tons. The number and net tonnage of sailing and steam vessels registered under the Merchant Shipping Acts which belonged to the port of Swansea in 1888 were 159 vessels, of 59,565 tons. The value of the total imports of foreign and colonial merchandise into the port of Swansea in 1884 was £1,884,535; in 1888, £2,724,572; in 1890, £3,060,072. The value of the total exports of produce of the United Kingdom from this port in 1884 was £2,096,288; in 1888, £3,445,367; in 1890, £4,953,635. The gross customs revenue at the port of Swansea in 1888 was £8,374; in 1890, £10,200. The principal imports are metal ores, timber, and provisions, while the exports include great quantities of tin-plates, copper, and other local products. A very large trade is carried on with France, Spain, Portugal, the Mediterranean ports, South Africa and South America. A number of well-known newspapers are published at Swansea, including the ‘Daily Leader,’ the ‘Cambrian,’ the ‘Herald of Wales,’ the ‘Swansea Shipping Register,’ the ‘Swansea and Glamorgan Herald,’ the ‘Swansea Journal,’ and the ‘South Wales Critic.’

MERTHYR TYDVIL.

The parliamentary and municipal borough of Merthyr Tydvil, situated 22 miles to the north-west of Cardiff, is another great centre of activity in the mining and metal working industries of South Wales. The town stands at a high elevation among the wild and picturesque Glamorgan Hills, and is the greatest seat of the iron trade in Wales. Prior to the middle of last century it was an insignificant village, hardly known to the outer world; but in 1755 a number of iron furnaces were erected, and since then the place has grown continuously and enjoyed uninterrupted prosperity. In 1881 the town of Merthyr Tydvil had a population of 48,861; in 1891 its inhabitants numbered 58,080. The parliamentary borough (created in 1832, and returning two members to St. Stephen’s) comprises most of the parish of Merthyr Tydvil, the parish of Aberdare, and parts of the parishes of Llanwonno and Vainor, the latter being across the border of Brecknockshire. The area of the parliamentary borough is 29,954 acres, and the population in 1891 was 104,008. The town has two banks, a theatre, several public balls, and an increasing number of fine shops and business establishments, conducted with conspicuous enterprise and ability. Two newspapers are published here — the ‘Merthyr Express,’ and ‘Y Tyst ar Dydd.’

Merthyr Tydvil has an abundant supply of coal, and every branch of iron and steel manufacture is carried on upon a scale of the greatest possible magnitude. No more impressive sight can be imagined than the aspect of this district at night-time, when the lurid glare of its many huge furnaces and works lights up the sky overhead, and sends its red reflection over the country for miles around.

PONTYPRIDD.

The busy town of Pontypridd, comprising the parishes of Eglwysilan, Llantrissant, Llantwit-Vairdre, and Llanwonno, in the county of Glamorgan, is situated at the confluence of the Rivers Rhondda and Taff, twelve miles northwest of Cardiff. The name (Pont-y-Pridd, or “Bridge of Beauty”) is said to be derived from the remarkably elegant and handsome bridge which here spans the Taff. This bridge, consisting of a single graceful arch, was built by William Edwards, a self-taught mason and architect. Pontypridd is frequently referred to under the name of Newbridge. A hundred years ago it was a small village, but the presence of great supplies of iron and coal in the vicinity has made it a progressive and flourishing industrial centre, with large anchor, chain, and cable works, iron and brass foundries, and manufactures of chemicals. The population in 1881 was 12,317, but in 1891 it had increased to 19,971. Pontypridd has two banks, several notable public buildings, many well-conducted business establishments, a theatre, a spacious Town Hall, available for entertainments, &c., and three newspapers, viz., the ‘Pontypridd District Herald,’ the ‘Pontypridd Chronicle,’ and the ‘Rhondda Gazette.’

NEATH.

Another town whose name is intimately associated with the typical industries of Glamorganshire is Neath, a parliamentary and municipal borough and river port, situated on the river Nedd, eight miles north-east of Swansea. Neath is thought to be the Nidum of the Romans, and it is a place of considerable antiquity, having some remains of an ancient castle which was destroyed as far back as the year 1231. Visitors will be interested in the ruins of the famous old Cistercian abbey (founded early in the twelfth century) to which John Leland, the antiquary, has referred as “the fairest abbey in Wales.” At the present time Neath is purely an industrial town, and its operations are very extensive in the metal industries of South Wales, of which it has become one of the principal seats. There are great mineral riches in the neighbourhood, and these are being actively and enterprisingly utilised. Copper smelting and tinplate making are very largely carried on, and these trades give employment to a great many of the inhabitants. There is also an important export of coal and other minerals to various markets. Neath is a well-governed town, and possess excellent municipal and general institutions. Its population in 1891 was 11,157. There are three banks and several halls and other public buildings; and the town has two well-known nespapers, the ‘Bridgend and Neath Chronicle,’ and the ‘Neath Gazette.’

NEWPORT.

Though strictly speaking, and English county, Monmouthshire has many characteristics in common with the Welsh counties to which it is contiguous, and its largest town, Newport, is intimately associated with those industrial pursuits that have had all to do with the prosperity of South Wales in modern times. Newport is a large and important parliamentary and municipal borough and on the River Usk, about twelve miles north-east of Cardiff, in the parish of Newport St. Woollos. It is a place of considerable antiquity, and the name probably originated from the fact that Giraldus called the station he established here Novus Burgus, to distinguish it from the much older Caerleon. The Welsh named it Castel Newydd, or Newcastle. The Earl of Gloucester erected a formidable castle here in the twelfth century, and portions of this stronghold still remain. Edward II. granted the town its first charter of incorporation.

Newport has not had a very eventful history, but within the memory of living men it was the scene of one of the most regrettable of the Chartist riots. Over ten thousand armed miners and workmen defied the law in 1839, and raised a local insurrection which was not quelled until troops had been called out to restore order. Twenty of the rioters were killed in an encounter with the military, and many others were injured. During the last half-century Newport has been seen to advantage as a great industrial centre. Latterly, the Pontypridd, Caerphilly, and Newport Railway has increased the facilities of communication with the mineral districts – notably with the collieries of the Rhondda Valley — and great progress has been made in all the local trades, which include shipbuilding, ironfounding, chain and cable making, the forging of anchors, the construction of engines, boilers, and railway plant, and the manufacture of chemicals and agricultural implements. An immense trade is carried on in the exportation of manufactured iron. The commodious docks now have an area of about eighty acres, and afford excellent accommodation for the active shipping trade of the port. On December 31st, 1888, the sailing and steam vessels registered as belonging to the port of Newport numbered 112, with an aggregate tonnage of 32,146 tons. Statistics show the marked growth of the trade in late years. In 1884 the imports of foreign and colonial merchandise at Newport were of the value of £777,828; in 1888, £764,725; in 1890, £910,418.

The exports of produce and manufactures of the United Kingdom from this port in 1884 were of the value of £1,767,484; in 1888 they were £1,816,647; in 1890 they reached the great total of £2,390,428. At Newport the gross customs revenue in 1888 was £15,961; in 1890, it amounted to £19,086. The town has several fine public buildings, notably the handsome new Town Hall, erected in 1885, and the impressive Church of St. Woollos. There are three banks and six newspapers, the names of the latter being the ‘Evening Star of Gwent,’ ‘Monmouthshire Merlin,’ ‘South Wales Daily Telegram,’ ‘South Wales Weekly Telegram,’ ‘South Wales Times,’ and the ‘Star of Gwent.’ The town also has four theatres. Newport belongs to the Monmouth district of parliamentary boroughs, returning one member. The population in 1801 was only 1,087; in 1881 it was 38,469; and in 1891 it had risen to 54,695.

MONMOUTH

This ancient town is the capital of the county of Monmouthshire, and is charmingly situated in a valley sheltered by wooded hills. Close by is the confluence of the Rivers Wye, Monnow, and Trothy, and the name of Monmouth is obviously a contraction of Monnow-mouth. The history of the town dates back to a very early period, and the Saxons appear to have had a fortress here for the purpose of checking the frequent inroads of the Britons from their Welsh mountain fastnesses. There are still some interesting remains of the grand old castle of Monmouth, where John of Gaunt, “time-honoured Lancaster,” loved to dwell, and where Henry V., bravest of a brave race, was born. Tourists are always much interested in the old bridge over the Monnow, a structure dating from the thirteenth century. There are numerous centres of attraction for visitors in the picturesque neighbourhood of the town, and about six miles distant are the grand ruins of Raglan Castle, an ancient feudal stronghold which is famous as having been defended with the utmost gallantry for ten weeks against Fairfax, by the Marquis of Worcester, in 1646. Monmouth was made a parliamentary borough in the reign of Henry VIII., and it unites with Newport and Usk in sending one member to Parliament. The population of the municipal borough in 1891 was 5,470. Among the most interesting buildings are: the new Town Hall, erected in. 1888 at a cost of £10,000; the fine old parish church, recently restored at a large cost; and a notable Grammar School, founded in 1614. The town has three banks, a weekly newspaper (the ‘Monmouthshire Beacon’), several tanneries, chemical works and saw-mills, and manufactures of iron and tinplates.

PONTYPOOL.

This busy town is situated in the parish of Trevethin-with-Pontypool, on the bank of the Afon Llwydd, and near the base of Mynydd-Maen, a lofty hill noted for its remains of an ancient camp. Pontypool is another thriving industrial centre of Monmouthshire, and is about eight miles north of Newport. The name is doubtless a contraction of Pont-ap-Hywel — Howell’s Bridge. Situated on the edge of the South Wales coal and iron district, Pontypool has during recent years shared in the prosperity that has attended the development of the mining and metallurgical industries here. Its connection with the iron trade, however, may be traced back for upwards of a century and a half, and a very notable name in the local history of that, trade is that of the Hanburys, of Pontypool Park. In the time of Charles II. Pontypool was famous for its japanned ware, which long bore the name of “Pontypool ware.” That industry has, however, migrated to the Midlands, and the town is now chiefly noted for its iron and tinplate works, which give employment to a large number of hands. Pontypool is an important railway centre, and has excellent facilities of transport. Its newspaper is the ‘Pontypool Free Press.’ The population in 1881 was 5,244; in 1891, 5,842.

BLAENAVON, a busy seat of the iron industry, is situate in the south-west of Monmouthshire, about six miles from Pontypool. The population in 1881 was 9,522; in 1891, 12,454.

ABERGAVENNY, another noteworthy Monmouthshire town is situated in the north-west of the county, at the confluence of the Gavenny with the Usk, seventeen miles north of Newport. In the immediate neighbourhood are large collieries and iron-works, which contribute in an important degree to the business activity of the of the place. Population in 1881, 6,941; in 1891 7,640.

TREDEGAR is an important mining and market town on the River Sirhowy, county of Monmouthshire, seven and a half miles east of Merthyr Tydfil, with which it has good railway communication. Some part of it is in Llangunider parish, Brecknockshire; but it is chiefly in Bedwelty parish, Monmouth. Not long ago, Tredegar was a poor village; to-day it is a large and flourishing industrial town. possessing very important blast furnaces and steel-works, and engaging actively in the development of the valuable coal and iron mines in its vicinity. Population in 1891, 17,484. The local newspaper is the ‘Weekly News,’ published every Saturday.

LLANELLY, a parliamentary borough, seaport and manufacturing town of Carmarthenshire, is situated on the Barry inlet and River Lliedi, eleven miles north-west of Swansea. Its present commercial importance is due to the large mineral resources of the neighbourhood, and in making the most of its advantages the town has been greatly assisted by its favourable maritime excellent shipping facilities. There are now several first-rate docks, and the improvements made in the harbour have rendered this port increasingly important as an outlet for the produce of the South Wales mining districts. The following figures may be instructive:- value of total exports of British products in 1884, £38,081; in 1888, £90,145; in 1890 £110,790. Value of imports in 1888, £42,378; in 1890, £38,939. Shipping entered,1888, 1,228 vessels, 167, 646 tons; shipping cleared 1888, 1,233 vessels, 168,864 tons. Gross customs revenue,1888, £2,465; 1890, £3,349. Population, 1881, 19,760; 1891, 23,937. In 1851, the population was only 8,710. Llanelly has a number of important local industries, and many large establishments engaged in the working of copper, silver, tin, lead and iron, besides potteries, chemical works, saw and flour mills, &c. The ‘Llanelly and County Guardian’ and the ‘South Wales Press’ are the local newspapers. The town returns one member to Parliament in conjunction with Carmarthen.

In North Wales there are also a number of towns which are deserving of some brief mention here, and not a few of these will be found holding a very creditable place in the business world, while many great industries are carried on in and around them.

CARNARVON is especially interesting from its historical associations. Its grand and extensive castle is one of the most perfect and imposing in Wales, and was founded by Edward I, At Carnarvon, on April 25th, 1284, was born Edward II., the first of the Anglo-Norman dynasty to bear the honoured title, Prince of Wales, and the father of the infant prince celebrated the event by granting a charter to the town. Carnarvon is finely situated at the mouth of the River Seiont, on the shore of the Menai Strait. It is famed for the magnificent scenery which surrounds it, and has become a favourite sea-bathing resort. There remain considerable portions of the old walls, and in the neighbourhood are many British and Roman antiquities. The port admits vessels of 400 tons, and a considerable trade is carried on in slate and copper. Carnarvon unites, with Bangor, Conway, Criccieth, Nevin, and Pwllheli in returning one member to Parliament. The town has several banks, a number of well-known commercial houses, five newspapers, and a population (1891) of 9,804. Its industries include iron and brass founding to some extent, and it enjoys the» advantage of excellent railway communication.

LLANDUDNO has become probably the most popular summer resort in North Wales. Its unrivalled situation, fine climate, splendid sea-bathing, and romantic scenery have attracted holidaymakers from all parts of the United Kingdom, and upwards of 20,000 visitors now come here every season. Local enterprise has been fully equal to the requirements of the case, and Llandudno to-day is a singularly beautiful and attractive town, with large hotels, handsome buildings, a fine parade and marine drive, a promenade pier over 1,200 feet long, and every arrangement for the accommodation and entertainment of visitors. The whole neighbourhood, naturally and historically, is most interesting, and it would be difficult to name a more truly delightful holiday resort. The growth of the town, as regards resident population, has been remarkable. In 1851 it had 1,131 inhabitants. Thirty years later the residents numbered 4,839. In 1891 the census showed the population to be 7,333.

BANGOR, one of the Carnarvon districts of parliamentary boroughs, is a city of great antiquity, and is finely situated on the coast, near the Menai Strait, and in the midst of exceedingly beautiful scenery. It is noted as the seat of the oldest bishopric in Wales, and has an ancient and interesting cathedral. The sea-bathing here is excellent, and attracts many visitors. Bangor has a considerable trade in slate, there being valuable slate quarries in the vicinity. The cathedral was re-opened after restoration, May 11th, 1880. The North Wales University College, here situate, was opened on October 18th, 1884. Bangor has three weekly newspapers. The population in 1881 was 9,005; in 1891, 9,892.

Among other towns in North Wales where trading and industrial operations are carried on with considerable success may be mentioned the following:— FLINT (population, 5,247), MOLD (population, 4,457), HOLYWELL (population, 3,018), DENBIGH (population, 6,412), RHYL (population, 6,491), HOLYHEAD (population, 8,726), and AMLWCH (population, 3,500). On the west coast of Cardiganshire is situated ABERYSTWITH (population, 6,696), a favourite watering-place, with an active shipping trade, and extensive operations in coal and iron.

We must now consider in brief the records and achievements of that “Western Metropolis,” the ancient and famous city of

BRISTOL.

Historically, politically and socially Bristol has long been a community of special interest and importance, and in point of population, wealth and commerce, it remains the largest and most notable place in the West Country. Its position, geographically, having proved especially favourable to its development as a port, this city has enjoyed unusual success in mercantile affairs, and has for centuries been one of the strongholds of British trade, sending out its enterprises to all parts of the Western hemisphere, and bringing home to the warehouses of its merchant princes the richest products of at least one-half the world. Competition has not dimmed the lustre of Bristol, even in these modern days of keen rivalry, and she still retains her honourable prestige and keeps her well-earned place in the first half-dozen ports of the kingdom. Situated about six miles from the mouth of the Avon, and at the spot where that storied stream is joined by the Frome, Bristol is partly in Gloucestershire and partly in Somersetshire. Originally the town proper stood wholly on the north (Gloucester) bank of the river, but after a time a bridge was thrown across the Avon, connecting the old town with Templefee and Redcliff. The lords of Berkeley swayed the latter place, and they did not permit its inclusion in the jurisdiction of Bristol until after a sharp struggle. For more than five hundred years Bristol has been a county in itself, and it is also a city, a parliamentary borough, and a municipal borough, the latter including the suburbs of Clifton, Redland, and Cotham. The parliamentary borough returns four members, one for each of its four divisions. Its population in 1881 was 253,906; in 1891, 285,611. The municipal borough, ably governed by a mayor, aldermen, and councillors, had a population in 1881 of 206,874: in 1891, 221,665.

The antiquity of Bristol is unquestionable, but the exact date of its foundation would be difficult to ascertain. There is a tradition to the effect that it was first built by Brennus, a British chief who flourished over three centuries before the Christian era. In the fifth and seventh centuries it is mentioned by contemporary writers, and appears to have been a fortified place in those times. That it was known to the Romans is evident from the coins that have been found in the neighbourhood, and also from remains of Roman camps discovered in modern times. The fact that coins were minted at Bristol under the Danish and Saxon kings attests the early importance of the place. The origin of the name is doubtful, and it has been spelled (Mr. Seyer, the historian, tells us) in over forty different ways. Some of the old charters refer to it as “Bristow”; Fuller mentions “Brightstowe” (“pleasant place”) as a probable Saxon form: and Mr. Seyer inclines to “Brigstow,” signifying “Bridge Place.” On these disputed points we shall not pretend to decide.

After the Norman Conquest Bristol was besieged by Edmund, Magnus, and Godwin, sons of Harold II. These three princes, desirous of avenging their father’s death and ousting the Norman invader, laid waste the land along the Avon and sought to make Bristol their headquarters. They were, however, repulsed by the burgesses, and were subsequently defeated in a decisive conflict by Geoffrey Mowbray, Bishop of Coutances. This “fighting prelate” was a conspicuous figure in the early history of the district, and he it was who built the famous castle of Bristol, than which few English fortresses had such an exciting career between the twelfth and the seventeenth centuries. Some remains of this castle are yet to be seen in Castle and Tower Streets, but its demolition took place as far back as 1654 by order of Cromwell.

In 1138 the “Red Earl of Gloucester,” a baron of great power, became feudal lord of Bristol Castle, and here he imprisoned King Stephen (after the battle of Lincoln), and also the hopeless Robert of Normandy, who was subsequently removed to Cardiff Castle. Nine years later Gloucester greatly enlarged and strengthened the castle, making it one of the most formidable feudal strongholds of the West Country. All the Plantagenet kings had a fondness for Bristol. Most of them honoured the place with personal visits, King John (if his condescension can be termed an honour) coming on no less than nineteen occasions. Henry III. also sojourned here for a time on his accession, and he granted to the town (he privilege of electing its mayor after the manner then prevailing in London. Edward III. abolished this practice, and allowed the new mayor to be sworn in before the retiring mayor and in the presence of the commonalty. Edward III. also created Bristol a county in itself in 1373. Richard II. conferred fresh privileges upon the city, which he visited in 1387 in company with his queen and court. Henry of Bolingbroke captured both the town and the castle in 1389, and by his orders Lord Scroop, Sir Henry Green, and Sir John Bushey (who were taken to the castle) were beheaded at the High Cross in the centre of the town. Shakespeare mentions this incident in ‘Richard II.’

Many monasteries flourished in and around Bristol in mediaeval times and after the dissolution of these religious establishments in the reign of Henry VIII., the bishopric of Bristol was created, the old church of the Augustine Canons becoming the cathedral. This noble structure, founded originally in the middle of the twelfth century by Robert FitzHarding, is one of the most interesting pieces of architecture in the city, but little of the original fabric remains. Between 1844 and 1S61, considerable repairs were effected in the edifice, and in 1877 the new nave was completed and opened. There is a fine Norman chapterhouse and gateway, and the choir is generally admired as a good example of the fourteenth-century architecture. The see of Bristol was united with that of Gloucester by an order in council in 1836, but in 1884 an act was passed for the separation of the two, and it is proposed now that Bristol shall have a bishop of its own.

The city is certainly worthy of such an episcopal distinction. Reverting to our historical summary, we find that Charles I. caused the castle to be incorporated in the town, but as an offset to this privilege, and lest the citizens should have “too much of a good thing,” he taxed them very heavily in his “ship money” scheme. This impost, and certain interferences on the part of Charles with the trade of the place, had an ill effect upon the loyalty of the people, and on the outbreak of the Civil War, Bristol was easily captured by the Parliamentary forces under Colonel Essex. In July, 1644, Prince Rupert gallantly stormed and took the city, but a year later it was retaken by Fairfax and Cromwell, and ten years afterwards the grim old castle was dismantled. In 1684, James II. granted the charter whereby the citizens of Bristol became a body corporate under the name of “the Mayor, Burgesses and Commonalty of Bristol.” Later events of note in the history of the city may be briefly chronicled. Edward Colston’s Hospital, Free School, and other valuable charities were founded early in the eighteenth century. The New Exchange was erected in 1741. “Bread Riots” occurred in 1753. An attempt was made to set the shipping on fire in 1777. Riots on account of a toll occurred in 1793, when the troops fired on the populace, wounding many. In 1831 a very serious riot took place on the entry of Sir Charles Wetherell, the recorder, into the city, he being opposed to the Reform Bill. The Mansion House, the bishop’s palace, and several warehouses, and nearly a hundred dwellings were burnt, the mob liberated prisoners and set fire to the prisons, and a great number of people were killed by the military, who were called out to repress the insurrection. The colonel commanding the troops committed suicide in consequence of this disastrous event. The Bristol Association met at Bristol in August, 1836, and five years later the railway to London was opened. The famous Clifton Suspension Bridge was opened in 1864. A successful Industrial Exhibition took place in 1865. There was a second meeting of the British Association here in 1875. University College (a scientific and literary academy for the south and west of England) was inaugurated in 1876. An industrial and fine-art exhibition for Somerset and Gloucester was opened in September, 1884. The great flood of March, 1889, caused damage to the extent of nearly £100,000.

In view of the antiquity of Bristol and its many privileges as a borough and city, it may be interesting to glance briefly at some of the ancient charters of the place. These have been collected and published in Seyer’s “Charters and Letters Patent of Bristol,” a most interesting volume to the student of history. Perhaps the earliest of these documents was that’ of King Henry II., dated 1164. The translated version of this charter reads thus:— “HENRY, King of England and Duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, and Earl of Anjou, to archbishops, bishops, abbots, priors, earls, barons, justices, sheriffs, and all the men of his land, Health. KNOW YE that I have granted to my burgesses of Bristol, that they shall be quit both of toll and passage, and all custom throughout my whole land of England, Normandy, and Wales, they and their goods. Wherefore, I will and strictly command that they shall have all their liberties and acquittances and free customs fully and honourably, as my free and faithful men, and that they shall be quit of toll and passage and of every other custom; and I forbid anyone to disturb them on this account contrary to this my charter, on forfeiture of ten pounds. WITNESSES: Thomas of Canterbury (Archbishop); William, the King’s brother; Reginald Earl of Cornwall, Roger Earl of Hereford, Patrick Earl of Salisbury; Richard de Humet, Constable; Warren Fitzgerald, Chamberlain; Walter de Hereford; John the Marshall. At Salisbury.”

In 1172 Henry II. gave another charter, in which he speaks of his “men of Bristow,” and grants to them his “city of Dublin for them to inhabit.”

Then, in 1188, comes a charter from John, Earl of Moreton (afterwards King John), and in this document several important privileges are conferred, including the following:— No burgess of Bristol shall sue or be sued out of Bristol; they (the burgesses) shall be free from murder and duel; they shall be quit of toll, lastage, and pontage; that no one shall take an inn without leave of the burgesses; that a stranger shall not buy of a stranger, nor keep a wine shop, nor remain more than forty days; that no burgess shall be arrested unless he be a debtor or surety; that the burgesses may marry without licence; that they may have all their reasonable guilds as well or better than they had them in the time of Robert and his son William, Earls of Gloucester; that they may build on the bank of the river, and have all void places to build upon, &c., &c.

Henry III. gave a charter of confirmation in 1227; and another in 1247, sanctioning the joining of Redcliff to Bristol — “our burgesses of Redclive in the suburb of Bristol, that they shall for ever answer with our burgesses of Bristol before our justices.”

Other charters have been granted to Bristol, confirming old privileges and bestowing new ones, by Edward I. in 1300; Edward II. in 1321; Edward III. in 1331, 1347, and 1373; Richard II. in 1377 and 1396: Edward IV. in 1461; Henry VII. in 1499; Henry VIII, in 1510; Edward IV. in 1547; Elizabeth in 1559 and 1581; James I. in 1604; Charles I. in 1626, 1629, and 1630; Charles II. in 1664 and 1684: Anne in 1710.

Bristol enjoys the distinction of having been the birthplace of many famous Englishmen. Glancing down the long list of these notable names we observe such men as Grocyn, the famous scholar of the Middle Ages, who was instrumental in introducing the study of Greek into the English schools: William Wyrcestre, the first scientific student of architecture in our own land; Edward Colston, the philanthropist; John Lewis the antiquary; Sir William Draper, the adversary of “Junius”; Sir N. W. Wraxall, the traveller and historian; Robert Southey, Poet Laureate; the Rev. John Eagles, author of the “Sketches,” and translator of Homer’s Hymns; Thomas Chatterton, the remarkable boy-poet, who committed suicide in London at the age of eighteen; Sir Thomas Lawrence, the artist; W. H. Bailey, the sculptor. The earliest works of Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey were first published by a Bristol bookseller, Mr. Joseph Cottle. Sir Humphrey Davy commenced his scientific career in the laboratory of Dr. Beddoes, at Clifton. Edmund Burke was for a time member of Parliament for the city. The Empress Eugenie was educated at Clifton. Sebastian Cabot was Bristol born, though of foreign parentage, and he sailed from this port in 1497 on the voyage which resulted in the discovery of Newfoundland. It was a Bristol privateer that brought home from the island of Juan Fernandez, Alexander Selkirk, the real “Robinson Crusoe.” The famous ‘Arethusa’ frigate, immortalised by her own acts and by Dibdin’s well-known song, was built at Bristol. The first regular steam communication with the United States was opened in 1838 by the Bristol-built steamer ‘Great Western.’ Twelve years earlier than that, there was steamboat communication between Bristol and Ireland. We might go on for many pages recounting the achievements of this ancient city and her bold-spirited and energetic sons; but our space is limited, and we give a little of it to a summary of Bristol’s principal

PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND INSTITUTIONS.

The “ Western Metropolis” is rich in handsome edifices, and her churches are particularly numerous and interesting. These fine examples of ecclesiastical architecture the city owes in a large measure to the generosity and piety of her great merchants in past times, among whom the Cannings, Colstons, Framptons, and Shipwards figured prominently and creditably. It is quite certain that few English cities can boast a more notable array of beautiful and historical churches. The cathedral, of which we have already spoken, heads the list, of course, but it has a great rival in the superb church of St. Mary Redcliff, than which there is nothing more perfect of its kind in Britain. This church stands on the south side of the Avon, and was called by Queen Elizabeth “the fayrest and most famous parish church in England” - a renown which has not yet departed from it, for it is indeed the most elegant and most spacious of parish churches, “the pride of Bristowe and the Western Lande.” Founded by Simon de Burton in 1295, St. Mary Redcliff was rebuilt ninety years later by the great Bristol merchant, William Canynges. Of this reconstruction only the south wall of the nave and the south transept of the spire remain; the fall of the spire wrecked the rest, and Canynges’ grandson rebuilt the church in 1471. As it now stands St. Mary Redcliff is without a rival among the churches of England (if we except the great cathedrals from comparison), and is in every part an exquisite example of the Perpendicular style. The vaulting throughout is superb, and the fane is now appropriately surmounted by a graceful pointed spire, 280 feet high in all, and rising some 170 feet above the top of the fine pinnacled tower.

St. Stephen’s Church is nationally renowned for its noble and imposing tower, which is one of the most conspicuous structures in all Bristol. This majestic tower has been aptly described by Mr. Freeman as having almost the appearance of a Gothic version of the Italian campanile, its buttresses being so slight in projection as hardly to influence the general effect. St, Stephen’s dates from the middle of the fifteenth century, and was built by John Shipward, mayor of the city at that period, and for many years one of her foremost merchants. Other notable churches are St. James’s, St. Philip’s, All Saints’, the Mayor’s Chapel, and the fourteenth-century Temple Church, with its remarkable leaning tower. Bristol has also a Roman Catholic cathedral, and a very large number of chapels appertaining to the Nonconformist bodies. These latter denominations are influential and numerous in the city, and their places of worship include many elegant and commodious structures.

Of the other public buildings of Bristol the most noteworthy are the Guildhall, the Exchange, the Merchant Venturers’ Hall, the Commercial Rooms, the markets, and the fine museum and library. The city is rich in schools and educational establishments, among which are the Grammar School, of the foundation of Robert Thorne, 1561; Colston’s School, founded in 1708 by Edward Colston; Queen Elizabeth’s Hospital, a school for 200 boys, founded in 1586; the Redmaids’ School for 120 girls, founded in 1621 by the bequest of Alderman Whitson. Colston’s School has been transferred to Stapleton, Gloucestershire. There is also the University College, opened in 1876; and Clifton has a noted public school or college dating from 1862. Among purely charitable institutions may be mentioned the Merchants’ and St. Nicholas Almshouses, Colston’s Almshouses, Muller’s Orphan Homes, Foster’s Almshouses, and Stephen’s Almshouses. Edward Colston, whose name we have several times mentioned, and whom it would be impossible to exclude from any history of Bristol, was the greatest of the city’s merchants in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Born in Bristol in 1636, he died at Mortlake in 1721, after a long life of industry and successful enterprise, beautified by deeds of the most munificent benevolence. He spent enormous sums of money in founding schools and alms-houses and restoring churches, and his memory is preserved in many ways in Bristol, notably by the three societies called “Dolphin,” “Anchor,” and “Grateful.” These societies were founded to commemorate Colston’s liberality, and to perpetuate his good works. They devote attention to raising money for apprenticing poor boys, and for other benevolent purposes, and have done a vast amount of good.

For the relief of the sick the city of Bristol has a number of admirably organised and well-managed institutions. These include the General Hospital, the Royal Infirmary, the Bristol Dispensary, the Eye Hospital, and the Children’s Hospital. There is also a Blind Asylum in Park Street, and a Deaf and Dumb Institution in Tyndall’s Park.

The requirements of the people in the matter of amusements are well provided for, and the city possesses two spacious theatres, a music-hall, and several excellent public halls, including the large Colston Hall, where the Bristol Musical Festivals take place.

The intelligent action of the local press in all matters affecting the welfare of the community has had a highly beneficial effect upon the condition of modern Bristol, and in this active and progressive city we find the “Fourth Estate” represented by a large body of energetic and capable journalists who have repeatedly shown that they have the best interests of the place and its people at heart.

The leading newspapers and journals of the city include the ‘Bristol Times and Mirror,’ the ‘Bristol Mercury and Daily Post,’ the ‘Western Daily Press,’ the ‘Bristol Evening News,’ the ‘Bristol Observer,’ the ‘Clifton Chronicle,’ the ‘Magpie,’ ‘Amateur Sport,’ and the ‘Kingswood News.’ The ‘Indian Magazine’ and the ‘Stonemason’ are two well-known monthlies.

CLIFTON, a large and attractive suburb of Bristol, is magnificently situated above the St. Vincent Rocks, which here tower in majestic grandeur over the calm waters of the Avon. At Clifton is the famous Suspension Bridge, 702 feet long, 30 feet wide, and 245 feet above the river. This bridge formerly spanned the Thames at Hungerford Stairs, whence it was removed to its present site and re-opened in December, 1864.

We must now bring this brief historical sketch to a conclusion with a rapid glance at Bristol’s

COMMERCE AMD INDUSTRIES.

Almost from the dawn of mercantile enterprise in Britain Bristol has stood among the foremost of our great trading ports, and its merchants have frequently led the way in undertakings of great moment. Everybody has heard of the Merchant Venturers of Bristol — the name of this potent and influential guild has long stood as a synonym for the highest commercial enterprise. The company’s hall is one of the city’s notable buildings, and stands in King Street. In the reign of Henry II. it is recorded that Bristol had a large trade with the north of Europe, and about the middle of the thirteenth century the general business of the port had become so extensive that the burgesses found it necessary to considerably increase the accommodation for shipping. Edward III. made Bristol one of the wool staple towns, a great advantage in days when wool was undoubtedly the chief commodity in our internal commerce. In those times, also, Bristol was doing a flourishing trade in leather, wine, salt, and cloths.

Subsequently the activity of the port increased by leaps and bounds, and in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries the trade of Bristol attained gigantic dimensions. Then it was that the vast American and West Indian trade with which the name of this famous city has so long been associated was built up and established on a firm basis, and then it was that princely fortunes were made by the Bristol merchants who were wont to congregate in the colonnade known as -the “Tolsey,” near All Saints’ Church, in Corn Street. In those “good old days” no small amount of privateering was done by the merchant princes of Bristol, who found this a convenient method of swelling the profits realised in legitimate trade. Many a vessel sailing from this port at that period, ostensibly as a perfectly harmless and peaceable trader, was sufficiently manned and armed to more than hold her own in an encounter on the Spanish Main with any richly-laden galleon whose cargo it might be worth while to overhaul.

Bristol privateers are a thing of the past; the Tolsey has vanished; and the stately old merchants of a byegone age, with their ruffles and their periwigs, sleep a sounder sleep than ever they knew of in the days when fortunes depended even more largely than they do now upon the caprices of wind and wave but the commercial spirit of Bristol still lives, and the energy of the people is as alert and as active as ever. Thousands of laden ships still come and go in the Avon; tons of foreign merchandise still enter the port to be distributed throughout the land, while tons again of our own products leave it en route for many a distant market. The docks of Bristol are a wonderful sight, and have been formed by excavating a new course for the river to the mouth of the city, and converting the whole of the old channel through the city into one floating harbour, several miles in length. To-day, more than at any time in the past, one can be here impressed by the strange interest of a city whose maritime life extends into its very heart, and it is easy to understand how Bristol appeared to Pope as a place having its “streets full of ships.” Later changes and enlargements have made the harbour and docks capable of accommodating a very large amount of shipping, and the shipping facilities have been much improved by the construction of fine docks at Avonmouth and at Portishead. These two ports (the former on the north side and the latter on the south side of the mouth of the Avon) are in direct communication with the city by rail. In carrying out these improvements a vast amount of money has been expended, but every penny may be said to have been employed with real intelligence and foresight, and the port is reaping the advantages of its enterprise in many ways. During the last forty years the shipping has greatly increased owing to the establishment of new dock charges, calculated to attract vessels to the port. In earlier times the dock rates on vessels and goods greatly exceeded the corresponding rates at London, Liverpool, and several other ports. Among the many advantages which Bristol now offers to shipping, not the least are her splendid railway facilities, which afford every convenience of rapid transit to all parts of the kingdom. The Great Western and the Midland Railways, with their many connections and local branches, provide a system of railway transport equal to that existing at any other English port.

A large coasting trade is carried on by regular steamers between Bristol and the following ports:— Cardiff, Swansea, London, Cork, Dublin, Liverpool, Belfast, Glasgow, and Newport, and there is also regular steamship communication for trading purposes and passenger traffic with Antwerp, Bordeaux, Cadiz, Charente, Hamburgh, Havre, Nantes, New York, Oporto, and Rotterdam. Bristol still continues to be a great place of entry for West India produce, but the import trade has become very comprehensive during the present century, and a glance at the Board of Trade and Custom House returns show us that the imports at this port embrace such varied articles as tobacco, spirits (rum especially), wines, sugar, corn, fish, butter and eggs, cheese, bacon, hides, American and Colonial meats, live cattle, oils, ores, fruits, and timber. The exports are almost equally varied, including nearly every standard article of British manufacture. In the long list we find many products for which Bristol has long been celebrated. These embrace tobaccos and snuffs, pottery, refined sugar, shot, anchors and cables, paper, floorcloth, soap, mill gearing and various kinds of machinery, boots and shoes, calico, chemicals, engines, furniture, flour, carriages, leather, iron wares, &c., &c. The various industries producing these different articles are conducted upon a large scale and with abundant enterprise, and they have the advantage of possessing an ample supply of coal close at hand, in the districts of Bedminster, Kingswood, Easton, and Long Ashton. One of the most celebrated products of Bristol is the widely known “Bristol China,” which was made in its highest perfection by Champion, between 1775 and 1780. Glass- working is also an industry of considerable importance, and soap-making has been largely carried on here since the twelfth century. The boot and shoe industry of Bristol has been in active and flourishing existence for over two hundred years, and it now gives employment to between 5,000 and 6,000 hands.

The following figures show the importance of Bristol as a seaport, and the extent of its operations as a trading centre:- In 1847 the tonnage of vessels entering the port during the year was 546,753 tons. In 1855 the tonnage had increased to 1,260,159 tons, and in 1886 to 1,285,090 tons. In 1884 the value of the total imports of foreign and colonial merchandise into the port of Bristol was £7,155,631; in 1885, £7,682,984; in 1888, £7,863,478; in 1890, £8,384,636. These figures indicate the great magnitude of Bristol’s import trade, as also do the figures for the gross customs receipts at the port, which were £914,108 in 1888, and £1,141,455 in 1890. The value of the total exports of the products of the United Kingdom from Bristol in 1884 were only £641,767; but in 1886 they rose to £1,210,833, consequent upon the revival of trade; and in 1890 the exports amounted to £1,689,113. The number and net tonnage of sailing and steam vessels registered under the Merchant Shipping Acts as belonging to the port of Bristol on December 31st, 1888, were 197 vessels, aggregating 42,417 tons.

Modern Bristol is a monument to that sterling spirit of enterprise and commercial progress which, centuries ago, placed this port in the front rank, and which has not failed to maintain it in that prominent and honourable position. With “Virtute et Industria” in the lives and works of its people, as well as upon its heraldic escutcheon, this ancient and historic city may well regard the achievements of a glorious past as stepping stones to the higher attainments of a still more glorious and prosperous future.

BATH.

The beautiful, “Queen of the West,” the home of health, and the chosen resort of fashion for more than a hundred years, now claims a share of our attention. Called by the Romans Aqua Solis (“Waters of the Sun”), Bath was known to the legions of Caesar fully one thousand eight hundred years ago, and, as early as that, the great virtues of its hot springs were recognised and appreciated. It is to these springs, which still pour forth in abundance their thermal and health-giving streams, that the city owes its importance as a sanatorium and inland watering place, and it may a fairly lay claim to the distinction of being at once the oldest and the most famous health resort in Britain. There is a tradition to the effect that the place was founded by the British prince Bladud, who flourished long before the Christian era; and Coel, another British king, is said to have given Bath a charter. However this may be, it is certain that the Romans founded here a temple to Minerva, together with many baths, altars, &c., and that they strongly fortified the place with high and massive walls.

Bath passed through stormy times in the days of the early Saxons, but its renown as a place for physical recuperation was evidently well maintained even at that time, for the Saxons called it “Akeman Ceaster” — the “City of Sick Men.” Offa captured Bath in 775, and built a monastery, in the church of which King Edgar was crowned by St. Dunstan two hundred years later. The whole of this district was a scene of strife during the war between Stephen and Matilda, and Bath suffered severely in consequence. In 1405 the beautiful Abbey Church was commenced; it was finished in 1609. During the Civil War a vast amount of fighting took place in and around Bath, and the city, which was at first held for the king, was taken by the Parliament, retaken by the Royalists, and eventually handed over to the Parliament in 1645. Charles II. visited Bath in 1663; and Queen Anne and Prince George of Denmark had an unmistakable fondness for the beautiful old city and its charming surroundings. “Beau” Nash, who did a great deal to promote the fame of the Bath waters, and to entice the aristocracy to the place, was the social “lion” of Bath during the earlier half of the eighteenth century, and many of the fashionable amusements for which the city was then noted were in a measure developed under his auspices. He died in 1761, but Bath remained a scene of fashionable gaiety, and excellent pictures of the doings of its habitues in that period are preserved to us in the writings of Smollett, Fielding, Sheridan, and others, while Dickens depicted the scenes of a somewhat later era. Queen Charlotte resided at Bath for some time in 1817. Since then the rise of many other watering-places in all parts of Britain has tended to divide the patronage which once almost entirely belonged to Bath, but the city still stands very high in the esteem of the best circles of society, and nowhere is it surpassed in the arrangements that have been made to promote the convenience, comfort, and enjoyment of its many visitors and aristocratic residents.

Bath is, admittedly, one of the most beautiful cities in England, and in point of picturesque situation it is well-nigh unrivalled. It lies for the most part in a romantic valley which here intersects the range of western oolitic hills, and all around the lofty eminences enclose it as in a vast natural amphitheatre, the Avon winding through the valley and imparting an additional beauty to its varied charms. The views from the hills are all delightful, and the wide prospect includes the cities of Bath and Bristol, many villages, and the fine woods that abound in the vicinity. Within the last century and a half Bath has grown very considerably, and has extended its streets and houses far beyond the old Roman walls that once enclosed it. Thus we find it at the present day consisting of two towns, Old Bath on the river, and New Bath on the hills. The whole place is largely built of the fine white freestone which is so extensively quarried in the neighbourhood, and this adds greatly to the substantial and stately appearance of the city. Many structural and topographical improvements have been carried out since 1730, when Queen Square was planned and built by the local architect, Mr. John Wood, and at the present day Bath has reason to be proud of its fine streets and handsome buildings. The principal public edifices are the Great Pump Room, the Guildhall, the Assembly Rooms, the theatre, and the beautiful old Abbey Church, which was restored about twenty years ago, at a large cost.

Bath and Wells form jointly an important diocese, the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of which extends over a large part of Somersetshire. The Abbey Church at Bath is the church of a rectory, comprising the parish of St. Peter and St. Paul, and that of St. James. Structurally, the Abbey is one of the finest of English church edifices of its dimensions, and is of venerable age, as far as its actual foundation is concerned, although much renewed by restorations during the present century. It is cruciform in plan, and is regarded as one of the purest specimens of the English Gothic style of architecture. From the intersection of transepts, there rises a fine square tower, about 165 feet high. The church is said to have been the last building, of equal magnitude, in England completed in pure Gothic. The dimensions of the Abbey Church are as follows:— Length from east to west, 210 feet; length of the cross aisles from north to south, 126 feet; breadth of the body and aisles, 72 feet; height of the roof or vaulting, 78 feet. The grand entrance has a richly carved door, which was given in 1617 to the Abbey by Sir Henry Montague, brother of the bishop of that name. The magnificent west window of the Abbey has been greatly and deservedly admired for its beauty and richness of design and colouring. Altogether, there are fifty-two windows in the building, and this fact is doubtless the explanation of the name, “Lantern of England,” formerly bestowed upon the Abbey. As far back as the year 676 dates the history of this ancient religious house, its founder having been King Osric, who established the Abbey Church and a convent upon the site of the Roman temple of Minerva. A hundred years later King Offa placed secular canons in the church, and these were expelled by King Edgar, who substituted a body of Benedictine monks.

The original church was frequently repaired and restored, but it was not until the year 1495 that Bishop Oliver King began the construction of the present elegant and interesting edifice. The story goes that the bishop was impelled to undertake this work by a dream, the particulars of which have been set forth by Sir John Harrington as follows:— “The bishop, having been at Bath, imagined, as he one night lay meditating in bed, that he saw the Holy Trinity, with angels ascending and descending by a ladder, near to which was a fair olive-tree supporting a crown.” This vision produced a remarkably powerful effect upon the bishop, who forthwith imagined that he heard a voice saying: “Let an Olive establish the Crown, and let a King restore the Church.” This use of his Christian name and surname so impressed the worthy prelate that he instantly formed a design to rebuild the Church of St. Peter and St. Paul. Accordingly he set the work immediately in hand, and, as Sir John Harrington concludes, caused his vision to be represented in sculpture, on the west front of the church, under the motto, “De sursum est” — “It is from on high.” Inside the church the rolls on the buttresses of the aisle windows once bore inscriptions, which were said to read thus:—

“Jerunt ligna ut ungerent se regem,
Dixeruntque Olivae impera nobis.”

These lines (from the ninth chapter, eight verse of the Book of Judges) might thus be translated:—

“Trees going to choose their King,
Said — Be to us the Olive King.”

Here again we notice an allegorical allusion to the bishop’s names.

Bishop King was prevented by death from carrying to a completion the building of the Abbey, and soon afterwards came the dissolution of the monasteries. This brought the church into the hands of King Henry, and his commissioners required of the townsmen of Bath the sum of 500 marks as purchase-money for the fane. The citizens refused to pay this amount, and forthwith the Abbey was almost dismantled, being stripped of its lead, glass, iron, timber, and other materials, and left with only bare and roofless walls. For a hundred years it remained in this deplorable condition, a sad testimony to the state of public taste and sentiment in those troublous times. At length Dr. James Montague, then bishop of the diocese, together with other generous benefactors, restored and completed the beautiful pile in accordance with the original plan and design of Bishop King.

There are numerous other churches of a noteworthy character, including those of St. James, St. Michael, St. Swithin (Walcot), St. Matthew (Widcome), Christ Church, Holy Trinity, St. Stephen, St. Mark, St. John the Baptist (Bathwick), the Roman Catholic Priory Church, &e., &c. Bath is also well supplied with charitable institutions, among which we may mention St. John’s Hospital, founded and endowed by Reginald Fitz-Jocelyn in 1180. This institution has a considerable revenue. and does an excellent work under the patronage of the corporation. The Bath Mineral Water Hospital, the United Hospital and Dispensary, the Eye Infirmary, and the Eastern Dispensary are also notable establishments for the relief of the sick and afflicted. There are well-organised literary and scientific institutions, libraries, and museums, and the many excellent schools and colleges that exist in the city provide admirably for all educational requirements. King Edward’s Free Grammar School dates from 1552, and was one of the numerous educational foundations of the “Boy King.” There is also a Bluecoat School, founded in 1710, by Robert Nelson.

Sydney Gardens and Victoria Park are the principal public pleasure-grounds. The city has a large theatre, and a well-conducted music-hall. Nine newspapers are published here, the names of which are well known in the West of England; they include the ‘Bath Argus,’ ‘Bath Daily Argus,’ ‘Bath Chronicle,’ ‘Bladud,’ ‘Bath Evening Chronicle,’ ‘Keene's Bath Journal,’ the ‘Bath Herald,’ the ‘Bath Evening Herald,’ and the ‘Bath and Cheltenham Gazette.’ Several handsome and conveniently placed bridges span the Avon within the limits of Bath, and the municipal government is excellent, as is shown in the well-kept streets and other creditable features of this fashionable resort. The city had its first charter from Richard I. and Queen Elizabeth granted a charter of incorporation when she visited the place in 1590. The local government is vested in the mayor, aldermen and councillors, which body corporate bears the style of “the mayor, aldermen and citizens of the city of Bath.”

Bath is a municipal and parliamentary borough, as well as a city, and is situated 12 miles south-east of Bristol, and 107 miles west of London. There are excellent railway facilities; coal is abundant in the neighbourhood; and a large general trade is carried on, the markets being of considerable importance.

The thermal springs which attract so many visitors to the city are four in number, and yield over 7,700 gallons of water per hour, at a temperature of from 110 deg. to 117 deg. Fahrenheit. They are very beneficial in scrofulous and cutaneous affections, gout, rheumatism, and bilious and nervous diseases. The virtues of the Bath waters have, as we have already said, been known for centuries, and their reputation has undoubtedly been the great secret of the city’s growth and progress within the last two hundred years. Once the tide of eighteenth-century fashion set Bath-wards the fortune of the place became assured. To commence with, it had the special advantage of the waters, and if also possessed the additional attraction of the most delightful and charming scenic surroundings. Let us glance for a moment or two at the Bath of a hundred and sixty years ago, or thereabouts, and quote a description of the place from the interesting topographical record, “Magna Britannia et Hibernia, Antiqua et Nova,” an enlargement of Camden’s famous itinerary. In this work the city is thus spoken of, the date of the description being about 1725:— “The city of Bath is not a small city, but very compact, and well inhabited by means of the medicinal waters. No man can imagine otherwise how it could accommodate so great a company as frequents it at least three-parts of the year. It is said that there are usually there eight thousand families at a time, some for the benefit of drinking the hot waters, others for bathing, and others for diversion and pleasure, of which there is no place in Europe that affords more. It is walled round with a slight stone wall, pretty entire, having a street built upon it, from whence there is a pleasant prospect over the meadows on the west side. It has four gates, viz., (1) Northgate, with its suburbs, leading to London, opens into the High Street, where there is a plentiful market kept under the Town or Council-House, a neat stone building standing upon 21 pillars in the front, where are the effigies of two kings, Coel, a British King who is said to have given a charter to this city; and Edgar, a Saxon, who was crowned here anno 973. From this place the street dividing leads to (2) Westgate, a handsome building of stone, containing some of the best apartments in the place. The other street leads to (3) Southgate, and from thence along the suburbs to a bridge laid over the Avon, in the middle of which is an old gateway. The other (4) gate to the south leads only to the river, where there is a ferry.

“The streets are narrow, but well paved, the buildings, by reason of the great plenty of stone thereabouts, extraordinarily neat, and some of them as handsome stone buildings as are anywhere found, but many of them standing in courts and alleys, where coaches can’t go. There are forty chairs licensed by the mayor, which for sixpence are obliged to carry a person from any one part of the town to the other, within the walls. There is also another good regulation, which has much tended to the benefit of the town, that no person shall demand above ten shillings per week for one room, which, freeing men from such impositions as are common in other places of concourse, hath brought such numbers of people to it, more for diversion than drinking the waters, that the citizens have been forced to erect many new buildings, yea, whole streets, for the accommodation of strangers, viz., in the north suburbs, and without Westgate. Adjoining to the wall on this north side of the town, there has lately been raised a neat stone building for a school-house, which was erected, and is now maintained by the contributions of the strangers that come to the waters.

“To allure these last there is nothing wanting that may please or divert; for here is a little theatre, pleasant walks upon the town wall, thronged every evening with the most agreeable of both sexes, and along the side raffling shops; and adjoining to the wall without Mr. Harrison’s house, there is a fine ball-room and pleasant gardens down to the river. Besides all these things, the neighbouring hills afford the most pleasant down imaginable, where it is incredible what a number of coaches and horses appear there at a race; so that Bath is one of the most proper places in the world either for obtaining or preserving health by that constant cheerfulness which the agreeable company and the spirit of the water infuse into those that go thither.”

The quaint description we have quoted above affords an interesting idea of the status of Bath in the days of the first of the Georges. Its subsequent progress has been great, and many changes find improvements have taken place in the plan of the city, the style of its buildings and the general features of its daily life. Nevertheless, after the lapse of a hundred and sixty-five years, we are still prepared to agree with the old writer in “Britannia Magna” that Bath is indeed “one of the most proper places in the whole world” for anyone in Search of health, rest, and pleasant recreation. The conditions of life in all places of fashionable resort have, of course, changed greatly since the days of “Beau” Nash and the gay and gallant throng whose patronage and favour did so much for the Bath of long ago. We are in some respects a quieter aid more serious-minded people than our eighteenth-century ancestors, and the various descriptions of pastime they were wont to indulge in would perhaps hardly accord with our more sedate and perhaps more decorous predilections. To speak of the amusements of modern Bath, and to record the many means of enjoyment that exist in the town at the present day would be to trespass upon the province of the guide-books, any one of which will afford more extensive information upon these points than we could possibly find room for in the limited space at our disposal here. When one is in a retrospective mood, however, it is interesting to inquire into the customs and doings of a bygone society, and we can obtain some very entertaining views of life in Bath a hundred years ago by referring to contemporary writings. Those great centres of fashionable gaiety, the Assembly Booms at Bath, presented from day to day scenes which have often been depicted by our novelists, and which, thus recorded, give a valuable insight into the social characteristics of an age that has as completely passed away as many other periods of our history much more remote in date. There does not seem to be anything in common between the life of the Georgian era in the world of fashion and the life of our own fin de siecle society. The ruling desire for pleasure still remains, but the methods of gratifying it have entirely changed.

In the “New Bath Guide,” a visitors’ handbook published in 1785, the following paragraph appears as a testimony to the all-pervading gaiety of Bath at that period:— “No place in England, in a full season, affords so brilliant a circle of polite company as Bath. The young, the old, the grave, the gay, the infirm, and the healthy, all resort to this vortex of amusement. Ceremony beyond the essential rules of politeness is totally exploded; everyone mixes in the Rooms upon an equality, and the entertainments are so wisely regulated that although there is never a cessation of them there is never a lassitude from bad hours, or from an excess of dissipation. The constant rambling about, too, of the younger part of the company is vastly enlivening and cheerful. In the morning the rendezvous is at the Pump Room; from that time till noon in walking on the parades, or in the different quarters of the town; thence to the Pump Room again; from the Pump Room to a fresh stroll, and then to dinner; from dinner to the Theatre (which is celebrated for an excellent company of comedians), or to the Rooms, where dancing or the card-table concludes the evening.”

So the round of pleasure went on from day to day, but it is evident that some of the numerous visitors in bath did not fail to observe certain of the serious aspects and obligations of life, for we read that divine service was every day held in the Abbey Church at eleven o’clock in the forenoon, which practice was originally set on foot and supported by the voluntary subscription of the company resorting to Bath, “it being thought very necessary that prayers should be performed daily at one of the places of religious worship in the city.”

No allusion to the fashionable life of Bath in the eighteenth century would be complete without some reference to Richard Nash, who, by his gallantry and social graces, earned for himself the sobriquet of “Beau” Nash. This remarkable man was a native of Swansea, where he was born on October 18th, 1673. He was originally designed for the law, and received his education at Carmarthen School and at Jesus College. His inclination does not seem to have prompted him to continue his law studies, for after a short time we find him embracing the more congenial profession of arms, in which he doubtless hoped to distinguish himself more readily. As an officer he devoted himself with natural ardour to “the glorious conquests of love and gallantry,” and “became a lover by profession — an universal admirer of the fairest part of the creation,” To further his progress in this direction, he dressed to the very utmost extent of the prevailing fashion, and even went beyond the resources of his finances in gratifying his love for the fineries of fashionable apparel. In time he left the army, and became a man about town. He was always to be seen at the chief places of amusement, and wherever ladies of beauty and fashion resorted there the gallant and devoted Nash was sure to be found. He acquired a great reputation as a man of wit, gallantry and elegant manners, and no one knew better than he all the intrigues and doings of the great world of fashion.

In 1704 the Master of Ceremonies at Bath (one Captain Webster) met his death in a duel, and Nash was appointed as his successor in this important office. In Nightingale’s “Beauties of England and Wales” we read that he “entered upon his duties with uncommon zeal and ardour, and under his auspices the city of Bath quickly arose, if not to its ancient Roman grandeur, at least to be one of the first cities in the kingdom for pleasure, elegance, and taste.” He became a veritable social autocrat, and his magnificent equipage, retinue of servants, and superb personal attire gave him an importance and a stately appearance hardly less than princely. After a brilliant and honourable career at Bath, Nash died at his house at St. John’s Court, in the city, on February 3rd, 1761, at the age of 87. His many benefactions to Bath made his loss sincerely regretted by the citizens,
and he was accorded the honour of a splendid public funeral. The pageant moved from the house of the dead Master of the Ceremonies to the Abbey Church, and the procession included a -large number of charity children, a band of music, several clergymen, the six senior aldermen of the city as pall-bearers, and the masters of ceremonies at the Assembly Rooms as chief mourners. So vast was the crowd assembled to pay a last tribute of respect to the famous “Beau,” that not only were the streets filled, but even the tops of the houses were covered with spectators. In the Town Hall of Bath there is an excellent portrait of Richard Nash, painted by Hoare, and belonging to the Corporation.

Bath has been the birthplace of several notable personages, including Robins, the mathematician, and Hone, the compiler of the well-known ‘Every-Day Book.' John Hales, usually referred to as the “Ever Memorable,” was also born at Bath in the year 1584, and received the rudiments of his education at the Grammar School. Proceeding thence at the early age of thirteen to Corpus Christi College, Oxford, he had a highly creditable career at that ancient seat of learning, and was chosen Fellow of Merton College in 1605. This preferment he obtained through the influence of the then Warden of Merton, Sir Henry Saville, who considered him sufficiently talented to be employed in the preparation of his (Saville’s) splendid edition of the works of St. Chrysostom. It is recorded of Hales that his proficiency in the Greek language was very remarkable, securing for him the professorship of Greek to the University at the early age of twenty-eight. Archbishop Laud preferred Hales to a canonry of Windsor, which valuable ecclesiastical appointment he continued to hold until the outbreak of the Civil War in 1642. During the next fourteen years Hales lived in a state of great privation and hardship, and eventually died, May 19th, 1656, aged seventy-two. After his death his works (chiefly religious tracts) were collected and published under the title of the “Golden Remains of the Ever Memorable Mr. John Hales.”

The city of Bath has given its name to at least four articles which are familiar to the great body of the people, viz., “Bath buns,” “Bath chairs,” “Bath bricks,” and “Bath chaps.” The population of Bath (urban sanitary district) in 1881 was 51,814; in 1891, 51,843. The numerous business establishments of the city cater well to the requirements of residents and visitors alike, and there is no more delightful place in all England in which to spend a pleasant holiday. Bath can never fall from its high estate, as long as the superlative attractions and advantages with which nature has endowed it retain the character that has brought them such far-reaching celebrity.

Now that the historical and retrospective part of our work is at an end, we may invite the attention of our readers to some more minute considerations respecting the special resources of the towns and cities above referred to in the matter of commerce and manufacture. These resources may be best illustrated by individual reviews of prominent firms engaged in various branches of trade, and the following pages will be found to contain historical and descriptive particulars, up to the most recent date, concerning the many mercantile and industrial enterprises which contribute so largely at the present day to the general prosperity of the extensive area comprised under the title of this volume.

CARDIFF

IN the full enjoyment of the unique advantages which now contribute in so many ways to its material prosperity, modern Cardiff, with its splendid docks, its unsurpassed railway communication, and its superior facilities for the promotion of commerce in general, furnishes a striking evidence of what may be accomplished when once the spirit of progress is aroused in a community of naturally energetic and enterprising people. And at the same time this busy and populous metropolis of South Wales is a living embodiment of the power and force of contrast. What could be more striking than a comparison drawn between the modern town of Cardiff, and the ancient, mediaeval burgh by the mouth of the River Taff, which, under the dominance and protection of its grim old feudal castle, lived on through the centuries all unconscious of its great destiny in time to come? Nay, the retrospective glance may be narrowed in until it extends over no wider a field of time than is comprised within the present century, and still how remarkable is the contrast! The Cardiff of 1793 had absolutely nothing in common with the Cardiff of 1S93, save geographical position and the inherent, though at that time latent, business energy and public spirit of the South Welsh people. The Cardiff of 1801, when the first of our regular decennial census returns was made, was a mere village of some 2,000 people, just beginning to look forward to the benefits likely to accrue from the then recently completed Glamorganshire Canal. What those benefits have been, coupled with the still greater advantages resulting from the advent of the railway, and the construction and development of the unrivalled Bute Docks, and how they have all been utilised by the shrewd and far-seeing merchants and rulers of the port, may be readily understood by anyone who visits the place to-day and views its salient features with an observant eye. Here we have a noble modern city, with miles of broad, well-kept streets, and towering blocks of handsome and imposing buildings for public and commercial purposes. Here we have a system of dock accommodation and wharfage unsurpassed in England, and equal to anything of the kind to be met with at home or abroad. Here are vast industrial establishments occupying acres of ground in all the outlying districts of the town, and adding to its aspect those evidences of manufacturing activity which testify to the prosperity of Cardiff as a productive centre itself, no less than as a mart for the products of other communities. And, finally, we have here a population of 130,000 souls, active and industrious in their methods of life, and surrounded by institutions of their own creation, which contribute not only to their material interests in mercantile and municipal matters, but promote in an equal degree that desire for educational advancement, intellectual refinement, and artistic culture which always makes itself specie ally manifest among the inhabitants of the Principality.

All this is the work of a century, and it makes one pause and reflect upon the peculiarities of races and peoples when one remembers that there are nations which have existed almost from the time when history began that have not, in all that period, accomplished half as much as this one town has achieved in the brief space of a hundred years.

In the earlier pages of this volume we have dealt with the history of Cardiff, and traced briefly its progress from a feudal stronghold in the Middle Ages to a promising seaport at the dawn of the nineteenth century. We have also indicated the growth of its commercial enterprises and the channels they have followed in their progressive course, and have noticed that in some respects the Cardiff of to-day is a rival even of London itself, particularly in the magnitude of its shipping interest as exemplified in its enormous export trade. During less than half a century the shipping of the port of Cardiff has increased nearly twenty-fold, and statistical returns, which are nowadays prepared upon a system precluding the element of doubt or uncertainty, reveal the remarkable fact that Cardiff is absolutely first among British ports in the actual volume and tonnage of its export trade. Having already dwelt upon these matters at some length, it now only remains for us to draw the attention of our readers to some of those noteworthy instances of individual enterprise and energy which have combined among themselves to bring about such a grand ensemble as is seen in the trade of Cardiff to-day. And in conjunction with Cardiff must be mentioned PENARTH, that progressive outpost of the larger port, with its excellent docks and its many evidences of business enterprise and activity.

In our consideration of the great commercial institutions of Cardiff and district the enormous coal trade of the port will, of course, command attention. At the same time there are many other branches of commerce and manufacture which rank high among the factors that have played their part in establishing the greatness of this flourishing community, and our notice must extend to a multitude of various trades and industries, ranging from those, of universal import to those of purely local significance, and embracing within this scope almost every department of activity in which the skill of the artisan and the talents of the business man can be displayed. It is to illustrate the nature and importance of these varied and ever-growing undertakings that the following reviews have been compiled, and to them we may now invite the attention of our readers.

REPRESENTATIVES OF COMMERCE.

NIXON'S NAVIGATION COMPANY, LIMITED, PROPRIETORS OF NIXON’S NAVIGATION SMOKELESS STEAM COAL.
OFFICES: BUTE DOCKS, CARDIFF.

The coal trade is the greatest commercial interest in Cardiff at the present day, and a pioneer concern in the development of this vast South Wales industry is Nixon’s Navigation Company, Limited, an organisation taking rank among the largest colliery proprietors in the Principality. This Company, founded in the year 1856, are proprietors of the well-known Nixon Navigation Smokeless Steam Coal, which has been used for many years by the British and foreign Governments for trial purposes, royal yachts, &c., and the excellent results obtained from it whenever and wherever it has been used have made it one of the most popular steam coals extant. For navigation purposes generally, and especially where high speed is desired, this coal is unrivalled, and it has come to be used almost exclusively for torpedo boats, while its smokeless properties make it a great favourite with owners of steam-yachts and pleasure vessels. At the same time it is admirable fuel for stationary engines (the small coal doing as much work as the large of inferior seams), and it has been used in large quantities by the New River Water Company, the Crystal Palace Company, and numerous factories and mills throughout the country. The Nixon’s Navigation small coal “binds” on the bars of the furnaces, and does not fall through, thus obviating that waste which is the chief objection to other South Wales smokeless coal. The purity of the Nixon’s Navigation coal — long proven by its use as a smelting fuel in place of coke — is further demonstrated by the following analysis:— Carbon, 89.5; hydrogen, 3.5; sulphur (trace), nil; oxygen, 5.4; earthy matter 1.6 = 100.0. No instance is on record of spontaneous combustion having ever taken place with Nixon’s Navigation coal. H.M.S. Serapis on her outward and homeward bound voyages with H.R.H. the Prince of Wales on his Indian trip, used this coal, which was specially selected for the purpose. It is supplied to the Russian, German, Austrian, Italian, Swedish, Dutch, and Egyptian Governments for royal yachts and special naval purposes, and has been largely used by the great steamship companies, including the Pacific Navigation, the Allan, White Star, Union, Castle, Austrian Lloyds, Royal Mail, Transatlantique, and other celebrated ocean lines.

The Company’s collieries form quite an industrial colony, employment being given to between three thousand and four thousand hands, who live in houses mostly belonging to the Company. When fully developed the pits and levels will be able to raise the vast quantity of five thousand tons per day. The coal is sent direct from the pit’s mouth in wagons, for shipment at Cardiff, Newport, Bristol, Port Talbot, Swansea, Briton Ferry, Llanelly, Sharpness Dock, Gloucester, Birkenhead, Southampton, and London. It can also be obtained at all the principal coast ports of the United Kingdom, and at many foreign ports, by applying to the Company’s offices at Cardiff, or 57, Gracechurch Street, London, E.C.

The whole of this immense business is personally administered by its enterprising and far-seeing founder and managing director, Mr. John Nixon, who is the pioneer of the foreign steam-coal trade of South Wales, and who in 1840 shipped the first cargo of steam coal from Cardiff to the Continent. To illustrate the great part Mr. Nixon has played in the development of this stupendous trade we cannot do better than quote from the speech delivered by the Mayor of Cardiff at the luncheon given to the late Duke of Clarence on the occasion of the opening of the Clarence Bridge, September 17th, 1890. After glancing at the rise and prosperity of Cardiff and noting the causes thereof, his worship referred to Mr. John Nixon as the man who came forward at the right moment to make Welsh steam coal known on the Continent. The Mayor then continued in these words:- “Lord Bute provided a dock, Sir John Guest established his ironworks, and they dug coal at the same time. But the value of that coal was not known throughout the world. Mr. John Nixon, however, came to the front at that time, and went to the Continent. Knowing what he was doing, knowing the value, the high quality of the Welsh steam coal, he negotiated with the late Mr. Thomas Powell to allow him to have coal — not to sell at the highest price, but to sell for nothing almost, to give it away so that he could get it imported into the Continent, and its qualities made known. (Applause.) Mr. John Nixon — all honour to him, gentlemen — knew that great trouble had to be taken: but he felt no work too arduous for him. He dared even to pull off his coat, turn up his shirt-sleeves, and go to work to assist in stoking that coal, so as to make the men on the Continent know how to use it. He got the Government of France to make tests of that coal as compared with Newcastle coal; and they declared that it was thirty per cent, higher in value than that of Newcastle. I am simply drawing your attention to what seems to me to be the groundwork of the prosperity of this neighbourhood, and the real cause of the building up of this great town. At the time I speak of, one hundred and sixty-six thousand tons of coal per year were exported from Cardiff. I remember well, when I came to Cardiff thirty-six years since, five hundred thousand tons were exported in the year, and I have watched with interest the growth of these exports ever since, until I am able to tell you to-day that there were no less than twelve-million tons of coal exported during last year. (Hear, hear, and applause.) I don’t want to weary you, but I want to name, as I have done, the noble Marquis of Bute, the builder of our docks —(applause) — and Sir John Guest — (renewed applause) — who commenced operations at Dowlais, and Mr. John Nixon, who laboured to introduce our Welsh coal to the Continent.”

To this excerpt from a notable speech we would add that Mr. Nixon spent six months on the Continent day by day employed in getting the large consumers to try the South Wales steam coal — leaving it to them to fix the price themselves for a trial, often giving them some coal to induce them to try it. Taff Vale shares were then at less than £40 per £100 share. Sir John Guest, the chairman of the Taff Vale Company, proposed to the directors to call together the creditors of the Taff and offer them the Taff line for their liabilities. Mr. Coffin, the vice-chairman, proposed that, instead of doing this, the directors should go to Glyn & Co., bankers, in London, and give their personal security for a loan of £10,000, which was adopted, and carried the railway over its difficulties. The late Lord Bute offered the late Mr. Thomas Powell the whole of his docks at three per cent, interest on expenditure, no money being paid down, Mr. Powell went with this offer to Sir John Guest, asking him to join him in taking a lease on these terms. Sir John’s reply was, that “the Marquess had made a bad investment, and he might keep it.” Such was the position of the Taff Vale Railway, which has since paid eighteen per cent., and the £100 shares have been sold at £300, and the Bute Dock property has gone on increasing year by year ever since the first foreign shipments of Cardiff steam coal, thanks to the indomitable courage and energy of Mr. John Nixon.

We conclude this brief sketch of one of the most successful enterprises known to industrial and commercial circles by remarking that it will be a lasting monument to the patience, perseverence, industry, and natural ability of the pioneer of the South Wales steam-coal trade. The first cargo of South Wales steam coal shipped from Cardiff to a foreign port was in 1840; in 1893 this port has become the largest for the export of coals in the world, the quantity being upwards of twelve million tons, besides the quantities exported from Newport, Swansea, and other South Wales ports, Liverpool, London, Southampton, &c., none of which up to that time had ever sent abroad a single ton of South Wales smokeless steam coal.

C. F. HANSEN & CO., SHIPBROKERS, COAL EXPORTERS, GENERAL COMMISSION AGENTS, IMPORTERS OF PROPS AND MINING TIMBER, AGENTS TO THE HAMBURG YELLOW METAL COMPANY,
EXCHANGE BUILDINGS, CARDIFF.

MR. CARL E. HANSEN, who is the sole proprietor of this important and successful business, has been established, under the firm-name of C. E. Hansen & Co., for the past six years at his present address, and has during that period gained the support of a large and valuable connection. The principal feature of his rapidly-increasing trade, in addition to the exportation of coal, which is very largely carried on, consists in the importation of props and mining timber, and the magnitude of these imports may be judged from the fact that no less than ten thousand tons of such timber are now in order through Mr. Hansen’s house. This vast quantity of timber is brought from several districts of Sweden and Norway, and to transport it thence to Cardiff will tax the carrying capacity of several sailing-ships. The activity of the coal and iron industries in South Wales has created a very large and continuous demand for the class of timber required in mining operations, and Messrs. C. F. Hansen & Co. are among the leading firms at Cardiff engaged in supplying the same. Mr. Hansen does a very large trade in the shipment of coal cargoes and bunker coals for foreign steamers. The agency for the Hamburg Yellow Metal Company constitutes another important source of business for this house, and has been very energetically and profitably developed. Mr. Hansen is also surveyor for the Bergen Ship Insurance Company, and sub-agent for Bristol and the Channel ports for several steamship insurance companies in Norway, acting in this capacity under Mr. Pharo, the head agent in London. Besides all this he engages to a large extent in the work of a shipbroker and general commission agent.

With such a combination of businesses to look after and direct, it is surprising to find that Mr. Hansen manages to devote some considerable time and attention to such an exacting subject as that of “Local Option.” Of this principle he is a most active and able advocate and promoter, and in connection therewith he has published an exceedingly interesting and readable pamphlet, entitled “Local Option and the Gothenburg Scheme, as used throughout Norway.” In this attractive brochure Mr. Hansen treats of the working of a system of “Local Option” which has met with gratifying success in Norway, and describes the operations of a company, formed under the sanction of the Norwegian Parliament, with the object of reducing the evils of drunkenness and hindering the landlords of public-houses from promoting those evils for the sake of gain. The results of the system in question appear to have been highly satisfactory, showing a marked decrease in the sales liquor and in the arrests for drunkenness, and as these moral effects have been attained without arbitrary interference with “the liberty of its subject,” there seems to be every reason to anticipate increased benefits from the scheme as its adoption becomes more general. We have not sufficient space at our disposal to properly review the matter here, and the pages of such a work as this are, perhaps, not the best place in which to discuss so important a social question, but it is impossible not to admire the thoroughness with which this plan of “Local Option” has been carried out by the inhabitants of the towns and villages of Norway, who may apply the method to their several communities by a popular vote, confirmed every five years. As Mr. Hansen points out, even the former enemies of the scheme now support it, and it is difficult to see how they can avoid doing so when its manifest benefits are taken into consideration. Without venturing to express a decided opinion as to the practicability of the “Gothenburg Scheme” under all conditions, we are bound to heartily sympathise with the endeavours of the intelligent and thrifty Norwegian people to promote the welfare of their country by abating the evils of intemperance, and it must be said that it is not likely that such a people would so largely adopt a method that was either illogical, unpractical, or unfair to the minority. We trust Mr. Hansen’s pamphlet will be largely read in this country. It sheds an interesting light upon a problem that is within measurable distance of reaching an acute stage in the United Kingdom.

[Transcriber’s Note, 2018: Local option is the "license granted to the inhabitants of a district to extinguish or reduce the sale of intoxicants in their midst."]

WILLIAM EVANS, CONSULTING ENGINEER, NAVAL ARCHITECT AND SURVEYOR,
BUTE CHAMBERS, DOCKS, CARDIFF.

MR. WILLIAM EVANS has for some years successfully practised, with his headquarters in the Bute Chambers, Cardiff, as a consulting engineer, naval architect, marine surveyor, and draughtsman. Nothing, in its way, could be more complete than Mr. Evans’s professional equipment for the duties which he now discharges. He holds an Honours Certificate in naval architecture, and is also Queen’s Prizeman for drawings in naval architecture. He is likewise the possessor of a first-class Board of Trade Engineer’s Certificate. His technical and practical knowledge is further vouched for by the fact that he is a member of the North-East Coast Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders. Mr. Evans occupies a spacious suite of magnificently appointed general and private offices at Bute Chambers, Cardiff Docks, which are fitted up with all the appliances, of the most approved modern device, for the rapid dispatch of professional and commercial business. He enjoys the Confidence of a large and influential circle of clients in Cardiff and the other South Wales ports. In the course of his practice he prepares specifications, designs, plans, and drawings for all classes of steamships, &c., makes surveys of collisions and other damages, supervises ships during construction and repairs, and surveys vessels for purchase. He also arranges for the building of ships, and takes the shore superintendence of steamers. Mr. Evans’s name is favourably known throughout the steamship-building world as the patentee of that excellent improvement in marine propulsion — “Evans’s Patent Screw Propeller.” He is well known in more distinctly commercial circles as the district agent for the Stockton Forge, which supplies all descriptions of bridge and roof builders’ girders and constructional ironwork, stern and rudder frames, stern and keel bars, shafting and general smith-work, tunnel lining, bridge foundation, cylinders and heavy castings, &c.

Mr. Evans has recently been appointed assistant surveyor for iron and steel sailing-ships and steamers to Det Norske Veritas (the Norwegian Veritas), for the Bristol Channel District. His eminent qualifications make Mr. Evans a most suitable man for this post; his knowledge of naval construction and engineering will enable him to carry out the rules and requirements of this society in a manner satisfactory to all parties. Mr. Evans has gained much popularity among his numerous clients through his zealous and untiring efforts to utilise his exceptional professional abilities in their best interests.

LEWIS’ MERTHYR NAVIGATION COLLIERY COMPANY, LIMITED.
OFFICES: BUTE DOCKS, CARDIFF.

THIS important Company holds a prominent position in connection with the great coal trade of Cardiff. The speciality of its commercial operations is the celebrated Lewis’ Merthyr steam coal, which is on Government lists, and which has long enjoyed an eminent reputation as a first-class and remarkably pure steam coal, economical in use, and producing the best results as a navigation fuel. The Company originated about fifteen years ago, and Sir William Thomas Lewis is one of the largest shareholders and the present chairman. The collieries are situated in the best part of the Rhondda Valley, and have excellent facilities of transport, being on the line of the Taff Vale Railway, in direct communication with the port of Cardiff. This colliery presents an example of perfect organisation, being equipped with every appliance of the most modern type, both for working the coal and for ventilating the pits. The mine is lighted by electricity, which is found to be a great improvement, both on the score of efficiency and of safety. In addition to steam haulage, some hundred and fifty horses are engaged in the work of the colliery, chiefly underground, and these have excellent stable accommodation. Employment is given to upwards of two thousand hands, and the weekly wages list shows an average payment of about £3,000. The Company’s enterprise is conspicuous, no effort being spared to place this valuable property in the best possible condition, and large sums of money are now being expended in the adoption of means for increasing the present output, which even now reaches the very large figure of about two thousand five hundred tons daily. Coke is also manufactured to the extent of about six hundred tons per week. A trade of great magnitude is conducted by this influential and well-established concern, and the Lewis’ Merthyr navigation steam coal is well and favourably known in all parts of the world. The affairs of the Company are most capably administered under the careful supervision of the manager, Mr. Robert Hooper, a gentleman whose practical knowledge of the coal trade specially qualifies him to direct the operations of such a notable undertaking as this.
Telegrams for the Company should be addressed - “Lewis Merthyr,” Cardiff.

A. TYLOR & CO., LIMITED, COLLIERY PROPRIETORS,
PIER HEAD CHAMBERS, CARDIFF.

IN connection with the vast coal trade of Cardiff special mention must be made of the important house of Messrs. A. Tylor & Co., Limited, whose extensive business was founded upwards of fifteen years ago. This firm rank among the leading colliery proprietors and coal shippers in South Wales, and their speciality is the well-known and greatly esteemed “Tylor’s Merthyr” Steam Coal, which is exported to all parts of the world. “Tylor’s Merthyr” Steam Coal is well known for the purity of its analysis, and for its high evaporative powers, and it is greatly valued as an all-round steam coal, equally efficient and economical. The results of tests carried out by the Admiralty at Portsmouth Dockyard show very favourably for this coal in competition with other best steam coals; and the following figures refer to a trial of “Tylor’s Merthyr” in a stationary-engine boiler of the Lancashire type, twenty-three feet long by seven feet diameter, with double flues (two feet nine inches), and grates five feet long by two feet six inches wide:— Number of pounds of water evaporated by one pound of coal calculated from the temperature of one hundred degrees — 9.645 pounds. Number of pounds of water evaporated per square foot of grate surface per hour, calculated from the temperature of one hundred degrees — 199.4 pounds. Total ash and clinkers — 3.1 pounds, out of thirty-seven cwt. of coal used in the trial. Number of pounds of coal burnt per square foot of grate surface per hour, calculated from the temperature of one hundred degrees — 21.7 pounds. Temperature in funnel, eight hundred and ninety degrees. These figures speak for themselves. Perhaps no higher recommendation of “Tylor’s Merthyr” Steam Coal could be advanced than the statement that it is used by the Admiralty, the Italian Government, the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company, the Royal Mail Steamship Company, the Compania Transatlantica, the Chemins de Fer de l’Ouest, the Great Indian Peninsular Railway Company, and other principal steamship and railway companies. The company is sinking two new pits, which are now practically completed, so that their business will be one of the largest in the district.

WILLIAM EDGAR WILLIAMS, PROPRIETOR AND SOLE AGENT OF FERNHILL MERTHYR COLLIERY COMPANY, ABERDARE NAVIGATION COLLIERY COMPANY, AND ABERTILLERY COLLIERIES COMPANY.
CHIEF OFFICE: EXCHANGE, CARDIFF.

A THOROUGHLY enterprising and capable firm, largely occupied with the staple trade of Cardiff, is to be found in that of Mr. William Edgar Williams, of the Exchange, the extensive colliery proprietor and agent. Operations were commenced in this direction in 1888, and already the concern has secured a reputation for the quality of the coal handled, and the fair and liberal treatment all customers receive. Mr. Williams’s resources are exceptionally large, and orders of whatever magnitude can be filled with promptness and satisfaction, while prices will always be found as low as any ruling in the market. The premises occupied in Cardiff are adequate in extent, and admirably adapted to the business on hand. They consist of a suite of three large and handsomely appointed rooms, comprising private and general offices with accommodation for a numerous staff of clerks under the control of Mr. C. Ashwin. The collieries owned by Mr. Williams are as follows. The Fernhill Colliery, which is situate at Treherbert, Rhondda Valley, the output of which is about seven hundred tons per day, finding employment for a force of about six hundred hands. The produce is a dry, smokeless steam coal, very serviceable and much in demand for locomotives and steamers. J. T. Green, Esq., J.P., is the managing partner here, and Mr. D. R. Jones, colliery manager. The Aberdare Colliery is at Aberdare, and produces a coal similar to the above. The output is about two hundred and fifty tons daily, and employment is found for one hundred and fifty hands. The Abertillery Collieries are situated at Abertillery, in Monmouthshire, and produce some two hundred tons daily, and there one hundred and fifty hands are kept constantly employed. This coal is one of the best kinds found in South Wales for domestic purposes, and secures ready sales at good prices.

An extensive and high-class trade is being controlled, and the steady increase in the demand testifies how well the house is giving satisfaction in every respect. The quality of the coal can always be relied upon, and so can prompt attention and favourable quotations. The house is in a position to guarantee punctual delivery of foreign orders on all occasions. The firm also has fuel works and wharves at La Rochelle, and employ a large amount of labour there, an immense trade with France and the Mediterranean ports being controlled. There are branch offices at London, Newport (Mon.), Swansea, Rouen, Bordeaux, and Paris, and every facility for conducting an extensive trade with despatch and satisfaction. The proprietor is a gentleman well known in commercial and financial circles, and by his energy, judgment, and honourable methods he has built up a trade which has very few superiors in the South Wales district, either in the extent of its transactions or the value of its connection.

THE WYNDHAM VALVE COMPANY, ENGINEERS, &C., SOLE MAKERS AND PATENTEES OF THE WYNDHAM ALLIANCE VALVE.
WORKS: COLLINGDON ROAD, WEST BUTE DOCK, CARDIFF.

ONE of the leading engineering concerns in Cardiff is the Wyndham Valve Company, whose extensive business was founded in the year 1886, and whose specialities have become widely known both at home and abroad since their first introduction to the engineering and shipping world. This Company have large and splendidly equipped works at the above address, and give employment to a numerous staff of skilled mechanics. The leading speciality of the business, from which the concern takes its name, is the Wyndham Alliance Valve, of which the Company are the sole makers and patentees. This celebrated apparatus for pumping purposes has achieved great success and favour, and is largely supplied to the Admiralty. Its advantage over other valves consists mainly in the extremely effective cushioning power, which ensures a strong resistance when bringing the valve to rest, and not only does away with all noise, but also considerably reduces wear and tear throughout the machinery.

The Company have received a large number of testimonials, speaking for the efficiency, of the Wyndham valve. One of these letters, a fair specimen of the majority, may here be quoted:— “ S.s. Discovery, Penarth Docks, Dec. 10th, 1888. Mr. Wyndham, Dear Sir — I have great pleasure in stating that your Patent Alliance Air-Pump Valve has given the greatest satisfaction in the s.s. Saxon, after working for upwards of fourteen months under my charge. I consider the cushioning by the water so perfect that they will wear the engines out with proper care. When I joined the above steamer I had the air-pump cover lifted, and found the hot well full of water after standing three days, showing that the valves were perfectly tight, and that the vacuum would keep good for any amount of time, as far as the air-pump was concerned. I can with confidence recommend your valves: they add to the efficient working of the engine by maintaining a steady vacuum, and also hold it for a considerable time when stopped. — SAMUEL PHILLIPS.”

The following extract from the Western Morning News, Plymouth, August 20th, 1891, will be of interest:- Trial of s.s. Phoebe.— The new second-class cruiser Phoebe was taken outside Plymouth Breakwater soon after six a.m. for an eight-hours trial of engines under natural draught. The trial was a great success. The contract horsepower was considerably exceeded, whilst the engines, which had been built at Keyham Factory, worked smoothly and well, to the great satisfaction of the officers responsible for their construction. The sea was rough, but the Phoebe attained a speed of fully sixteen knots, and will, of course, attain a higher speed under forced draught. Mr. Durston, the Engineer-in-Chief of the Navy, attended the trial. It may be mentioned that the Phoebe's air-pumps have been fitted with Wyndham’s Patent Alliance Valves, which are now extensively used in the mercantile marine, and which have already been supplied to the gunboats of the. Pheasant class. It is understood that the Wyndham valves gave entire satisfaction during yesterday’s trial. The Phoebe’s engines are the most powerful yet completed in any Government dockyard.”

The Wyndham Valve Company are also sole manufacturers of the well-known Couves’ Patent “Wave Subduer,” a remarkably effectual apparatus for abating the force of waves in stormy weather. The apparatus is as ingenious as it is effective, and is so constructed that it will project a steady jet of oil several feet beyond the bows of the vessel in which it is placed. When the vessel is in motion the oil is naturally thrown away from the bows along with the broken water, and the beneficial effect is instantly apparent. This valuable invention has successfully solved the problem of how best to apply oil to the subduing of waves, and wherever it has been used it has given great satisfaction, even under the severest tests. Testimonials confirm this statement, and the following excerpt from a local paper gives further evidence in favour of the apparatus:— “The ‘Earl of Dunraven’ (Captain John West) made a trip from Cardiff to Ilfracombe and back on Saturday under circumstances as regards weather the reverse of pleasant for her passengers. There was considerable wind, and an adverse tide both ways. Occasion was taken to test the capabilities of Captain Couves’ Patent Wave Subduer, an invention whereby, by the distribution at high pressure from the bows of the vessel of a spray of oil, the highest sea is subdued. The experiments were conducted by Mr. R. Blight, on behalf of Captain Couves, the results being most marked and satisfactory.”

The following letter on the same subject is from the first officer and the chief engineer of the s.s. Arrow:— “ Rotterdam, March 12th, 1891. We are very pleased with the wave subduer which was fixed to this steamer. When necessary to be used it has always given the most satisfactory results, and we consider it only wants to be known to be universally adopted. On the voyage from Cardiff to Genoa, laden with coals, we encountered very heavy weather, the sea breaking heavily on board; the wave subduer was applied, and the effect was marvellous, the vessel going along in comparatively smooth water, with dry decks.”

In addition to making the two important specialities referred to above, the Wyndham Valve Company do a large general engineering business, and by turning out first-class work at moderate charges they have gained the support of a wide and valuable connection. The principals of this enterprising and thoroughly representative firm are Mr. J. S. Wyndham and Mr. R. Constantine, both of whom are gentlemen of large practical experience, and who take an active part in the administration of the business. Mr. Wyndham and Mr. Constantine acquired their extensive knowledge during a considerable experience as sea-going engineers, and they are, therefore, especially qualified to cater for the requirements of their influential marine connection.

JOHN CORY & SONS, STEAMSHIP OWNERS AND BROKERS,
9, MOUNTSTUART SQUARE, CARDIFF.

FOUNDED in the year 1872, and ably and energetically managed from the first, the business of John Cory & Sons has become one of the largest and most important concerns associated with the shipping activity of the port of Cardiff. This firm conduct a very extensive system of operations as steamship owners and brokers, and, in addition to their offices at Cardiff, they have a branch at Newport (Mon.). As steamship owners, Messrs. John Cory & Sons rank with the leading firms in the Bristol Channel ports, and their valuable fleet embraces about twenty-two vessels, the names and tonnage of which are as follows:—Rosslyn (1,200), Rochefort (1,250), Rheubina (1,500), Radyr (1,500), Rhiwderin (1,500), Raglan (1,450), Rapid (l,450), Radnor (1,750), Rhyl (1,900), Ross (1,900), Rougemont (2,200), Resolven (2,350), Restormel (3,000), Ruperra (3,000), Reading (3,000), Mark Lane (3,000), Ravenshoe (3,000), Redruth (3,600), Godmunding (1,600), Ramillies (4.500), and James Tucker (4,000) tons. These are trading vessels of the first class, built upon the best modern lines, and possessing every accommodation of a superior character. Messrs. Cory’s vessels are well-known in shipping circles, and are largely employed in coasting and ocean trade. For the past ten years this representative firm have occupied their present fine premises in Mountstuart Square, where they employ a numerous and efficient clerical staff. Here may be seen a number of very beautifully made and elegantly finished models of the firm’s vessels, illustrating their excellent construction and carrying capacity. The present members of the firm are Mr. John Cory and Mr. James Herbert Cory, both of whom take an active part in personally directing the affairs of their extensive business, and meeting the requirements of a large and important connection. Mr. John Cory is a member of the Local Marine Board, Barry Pilotage Board, and is also a director of many of the largest dry-dock companies in the district, while Mr. James Herbert Cory takes considerable interest in public matters, devoting thereto such time and attention as he can spare from the demands of a busy commercial life, and he has for the past two years been a prominent member of the Cardiff Town Council.

THE TYDVIL ENGINEERING AND SHIP-REPAIRING COMPANY, LIMITED.
WORKS: ADJOINING COMMERCIAL DRY DOCKS, BETWEEN EAST AND ROATH DOCKS, CARDIFF.

A VERY large and thoroughly representative engineering and ship-repairing business is carried on by the above-named Company, which commenced operations on May 2nd, 1891, and has since had a highly successful career. The works, admirably situated at a point between East and Roath Docks, and adjoining the Commercial Dry Docks, are extensive, but are at the same time very compact in their arrangement, and are organised throughout in a manner conducive to the greatest convenience in the execution of work. Iron and brass foundries, boiler sheds, coppersmith’s and shipwright’s shops, and general engineering shops are included in this fine modern establishment, all these departments being fully equipped with the newest and best machinery for their several purposes. This valuable plant embraces powerful apparatus by some of the foremost makers in the Kingdom, and it places the Company in a high position, as regards efficient working resources. In a portion of the establishment, which is now being considerably increased and improved by the erection of new buildings, we find one of the largest plate-bending rolls in South Wales. This gigantic machine is driven by its own separate engine, and weighs no less than seventy-eight tons. Altogether, the Company has spared neither trouble nor expense in making their works thoroughly adequate for the rapid execution of orders of any magnitude, and the high reputation they have already gained for reliable work and unfailing promptitude speaks volumes for their facilities, and for the able management of the entire industry. Between two hundred and three hundred hands are now required to cope with the numerous orders entrusted to this rising concern, and everything at the works is carried out under the careful supervision of the manager, Mr. T. Davies, a thoroughly practical and experienced engineer. The managing director and secretary is Mr. Charles Radcliffe, who may always be relied upon to look after the general interests of the business, and supervising its commercial affairs. The Company are doing a rapidly increasing trade, and their whole business is one of the most promising and progressive among the growing industrial concerns of modern Cardiff.
Telegrams should be addressed: “Tydvil, Cardiff.”

CHARLES E. EVANS & CO., COAL EXPORTERS, MERCHANTS, AND SHIPBROKERS,
56, MOUNT STUART SQUARE, CARDIFF.

THOUGH only established as lately as the year 1890, Messrs. Charles E. Evans & Co. have rapidly pushed themselves into the front rank of business circles, and are building up and successfully developing a very busy and prosperous trade as coal exporters and merchants, ship-brokers, &c. Messrs. Charles E. Evans & Co. occupy a capital suite of well-appointed and conveniently-arranged offices advantageously and centrally situated at No. 56, Mount Stuart Square, and their numerous and extensive transactions give constant and busy employment to a competent staff of some eight clerks, under the watchful and energetic personal direction and superintendence of the principal, Mr. Charles E. Evans. A considerable business is done in the export of coals to all parts of Europe, Africa, West Indies, and South America, and the firm are also known as the agents in Cardiff for the sale of Messrs. Partridge, Jones & Co.’s “Western Valley Black Vein” and “Llanerch” and “Varteg” coals. The telegraphic address of this thriving firm is. “Export, Cardiff.”

Mr. Charles E. Evans has a valuable experience and thorough practical knowledge of the export coal trade, in connection with which he is widely and favourably known. He is much looked up to and respected in commercial and shipping circles as an able and energetic business man of the first rank, and he is alike greatly esteemed and respected by all who have the advantage of his personal acquaintance and friendship. This firm recently supplied the German Emperor’s flagship with bunker coals for her northern voyage, and also contract to supply the Danish and Swedish, Norwegian, Dutch, and German Governments with steam coals.

SAMUEL W. ALLEN, M.I.M.E., CONSULTING ENGINEER, PATENT AGENT, &C.,
CARDIFF EXCHANGE, BUTE DOCKS, CARDIFF.

THE important business which has been developed at Cardiff by Mr. Samuel W. Allen, the well-known consulting and mechanical engineer, is the outcome of a comparatively short space of time, having been founded in the year 1886. For the past five years Mr. Allen has occupied his present suite of offices in the Exchange building. Mr. Samuel W. Allen’s services and advice as a skilled and experienced specialist and mechanician are frequently sought after. As an inventor Mr. Allen has displayed his talent in many ways, and perhaps the most widely known and most generally esteemed of his mechanical patents is his cleverly contrived and exceedingly useful “steam striker.” This apparatus occupies an intermediate position between the steam hammer proper of the forge, and the hand hammer of the blacksmith’s shop, and Mr. Allen’s design in introducing it has been to provide an appliance capable of rapidly and effectually executing such work as may be too heavy for hand labour and hardly heavy enough to warrant the use of a large steam hammer. In construction it is equally ingenious and simple, and the working parts are reduced to the smallest possible number. The machine is made in three sizes. The length of stroke may be regulated and varied from about three inches to two feet six inches (with the smaller size of strikers), and five hundred blows per minute may be easily obtained with a pressure of about forty pounds per square inch. The steam striker takes up very little room, the force of the blow can be regulated at will, and the hammer can be kept off the anvil when not in use. For bolt making the Allen steam striker is invaluable, enabling one man to do as much work as could be done by three with the old-fashioned “olivers.” For coppersmiths’ work, for planishing surfaces of any kind, for colliery purposes, and for tool making and general repairs this machine will be found exceedingly useful, convenient, and labour-saving. The steam striker has been supplied to most of the leading engineering, shipbuilding, and machine-making establishments in Wales, England, Scotland, and Ireland, and Mr. Allen’s long list of patrons includes firms at Hong Kong and in Canada, Russia, Australia, India, and other distant parts of the world.

Mr. Samuel W. Allen, the inventor of this and many other clever machines, is a gentleman of very high professional qualifications. For sixteen years he held the important post of chief mechanical engineer to the Marquess of Bute, and since then he has been in business for himself with unqualified success. He is a member of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers; and as evidence of his artistic tastes it may be stated that he is vice-president of the Cardiff Photographic Society, and an associate of the Royal Cambrian Academy of Arts. Mr. Allen’s assistance is also frequently sought, as an expert, in legal cases involving important issues, and he is local agent at Cardiff for the well-known patent agents, Messrs. Phillips & Leigh, of Chancery Lane, London. In this capacity his skill and experience render his advice and assistance of much value to inventors who consult him with a view to obtaining trade-marks and patent rights in their inventions.

CARDIFF STEAMSHIP COMPANY, LIMITED,
CARDIFF.

THE operations of the Cardiff Steamship Company, Limited, have, during the past twelve years, largely facilitated direct mercantile communication with that important Welsh seaport and Bordeaux, and their weekly service of steamers carrying passengers and cargoes between both ports has established a form of commercial intercourse of which business men on either side have not been slow in taking advantage. Goods are taken at through rates to all parts of England. The Company have so far anticipated the exigencies of passenger traffic as to introduce on all their vessels those features of modern improvement which travellers are accustomed to expect in availing themselves of the attractive conditions of a sea journey with the best lines; and in this respect the Cardiff Company’s boats are in no way second to any controlled by English corporations. The names of the steamships belonging to the Company are: the Garonne, 1,550 tons register; Dordogne, 1,050: Taff, 1,100; Ely, 1,120; Usk, 1,080. Mr. A. G. Todd controls the transactions of the Bordeaux house, the location of the Company’s establishment there being 31, Quai des Chartrons, while the home matters are looked after by Messrs. Horatio Hooper and William Campbell, who are assisted by a competent staff of clerks. For the first nine years the Company’s headquarters were at Bute Crescent, but a removal to the present premises at 51, Mountstuart Square was suggested by their more immediate proximity to the Docks, and other points of convenience of equally important consideration to a firm controlling a business of some extensiveness and wide connections. In all matters of practical management Messrs. Hooper, Campbell & Co. have shown a disposition to consider the interests of the trading and general public, meriting the full recognition which it has elicited; and the whole work of the Cardiff Steamship Company is sustained and accelerated with no small degree of tact and enterprise.
The telegraphic address of the Company is “Hooper, Cardiff.”

T. BEYNON & CO., LIMITED, COLLIERY PROPRIETORS, SHIP OWNERS, BROKERS, AND MERCHANTS,
GLOUCESTER BANK CHAMBERS, CARDIFF.

AN eminently reputable and leading house extensively occupied with the staple trade of Cardiff is that of Messrs. T. Beynon & Co., Limited, Colliery Proprietors, Ship Owners, Brokers, and Merchants. Established more than thirty-five years ago, the concern has ever been conducted with enterprise, energy, and tact, which has placed the house to-day in the foremost position among similar local establishments. The partners are Mr. T. J. Beynon and Mr. J. W. Beynon, both gentlemen of recognised ability in their calling, and well and honourably known among all the principal buyers. The premises occupied consist of a suite of six rooms, comprising general and private offices and anterooms. The offices are handsomely appointed, and accommodation is afforded to a large staff of clerks under the superintendence of Mr. J. W. Beynon. The collieries belonging to the firm are situate at Abercarn, near Newport (Mon.), and are amongst the most extensive and celebrated in the district. A force of no less than two thousand five hundred hands is employed, and the output reaches the enormous quantity of six hundred thousand tons annually. The coal obtained from these mines is famous for its superior and uniform quality. It is semi-bituminous in character, and is eminently adapted for steam purposes, the demand for it being constantly increasing. The firm are also shippers of the well- known “Beynon’s Merthyr Steam Coal,” and “Newport Abercarn Black Vein Steam Coal,” as well as of the best kinds of Anthracite coals, Patent Fuel, and Coke. The extent of their resources, combined with the amount of business done, places the firm in a position to quote the lowest market prices, and to insure the prompt and satisfactory delivery of all orders of whatever magnitude. Among the other advantages possessed by the firm for the effective control of their business is that of owning a fleet of powerful vessels. These are regularly despatched to the west coast of South America, and take general cargo as well as the articles specially handled by the firm. The fleet consists of the following vessels:— Lillian Morris, of 745 tons burden; Caroline Morris, 897 tons; Sita, 916 tons; Lady Wolseley, 1,205 tons; Beatrix, 1,243 tons; Arete, 1,286 tons; ss. Thomas Coats, 673 tons; and ss. Celynen, 981 tons. The connection of the house extends to almost all parts of the world. A large home trade is done, and an extensive export trade is controlled with the Mediterranean, Baltic, African, and South American ports.

The proprietors occupy a position of prominence in trade and commercial circles, and are well known for the equitable and just methods which characterise all their transactions. In private and Social life they are everywhere respected for their personal worth, disinterested public usefulness, and business rectitude. A well-conducted and prosperous concern of this kind is a credit to the town, in the progress and prosperity of which it has been no inconsiderable factor.

CHAPPIE & KEMP, PUBLISHERS, COMMERCIAL AND GENERAL PRINTERS, GOLD BLOCKERS, AND ACCOUNT-BOOK MAKERS,
NEVILLE STREET, CARDIFF.

THIS important business was established in 1880 by Mr. W. Chappie. The founder brought to bear upon his new undertaking a wide experience in the various branches of this important craft, joined to a cultured taste and good executive ability. Subsequently he was joined in partnership by Mr. J. F. Kemp, who imported valuable practical knowledge into the firm, having been for upwards of twenty years overseer of the well-known printing works of Mr. William Lewis, Duke Street, Cardiff. Under their joint control the character of the work has been materially improved, and the capacity of the establishment so extended as to be now equal to any similar house in the district. The premises occupied were entered upon in 1887. They are ample in size and very attractive in appearance, consisting of a commodious girder-built block of three-storey building, with Newbridge and Bath stone facings, and covering an area of one hundred feet by twenty feet. The interior has been well arranged with due regard to the requirements of the printing trade. The basement, a solid concrete floor, which is forty feet by twenty, is used for the heavier class of printing machines, comprising some of the latest and most improved Wharfedale machines, driven by two “Otto” gas-engines. The ground floor is used for the binding and book-making department, and the ruling machines and guillotines are also here, as well as two first-class platen machines for artistic and general printing. At the rear are large store-rooms and warehouses, and a small but well-equipped stereo foundry. The compositors’ room is on the first floor, and has dimensions of forty feet by twenty feet. It is fully equipped in the best possible style, containing some five hundred or six hundred of the most modern founts of English and American type, while on the second floor is the bill-room, fitted all round with racks in which are kept wood and metal letters, some of them of gigantic size suitable for the largest style of posters, together with a lithographic and colour printing department. The principals’ private office is also situate on the first floor.

Every class of work is turned out by the firm, employment being found for a staff of not less than thirty skilled hands. A high standard of excellence has been reached in every department, and everything emanating from here will be found to reflect great credit on the enterprise and skill of the proprietors and the eminent executive resources of the establishment. Colliery work, shipping work, companies’ prospectuses, articles of association, and every description of letterpress are turned out in thoroughly good style and at the lowest remunerative prices, while artistic and ornamental work of every kind, price-lists, pattern-books, business-cards, show-cards, and chromo work generally are executed in an original, able, and well-finished manner. Bookbinding is undertaken in all its branches, and ledgers, invoice-books, and other account-books are manufactured of the best and most durable material at very reasonable prices. The latest addition is one of Mackay’s patent gold-blocking machines, for all kinds of gold work on leather, shopkeepers’ window tickets, illuminated cards, &c. In addition to the foregoing a large trade is transacted as publishers of books, pamphlets, &c. Indeed, this may be said to be the staple trade of the firm. The connection of the house is widespread and valuable, and its continued increase is eminently gratifying as showing the satisfaction the firm are giving in their various branches. The proprietors devote their close personal supervision to the business in its entirety, and no effort is spared by them to maintain and increase the reputation the house has already acquired for first-class work and prompt and careful execution of orders. They occupy a position of importance in local trade circles, and are noted for the straightforward and honourable methods which mark all their dealings, as well as for their strict personal integrity.

C. SCHROETER & CO., SHIPBROKERS, IMPORTERS OF MINING TIMBER, &C.,
2, PIER HEAD CHAMBERS, BUTE DOCK, CARDIFF.

THIS business, which was commenced by Mr. C. Schroeter, who trades under the title of Messrs. C. Schroeter & Co., in 1874, has from its inception made such steady and certain progress that in many instances it may be regarded as a leadings concern of the kind in the district. The offices are handsomely appointed, and fitted up in an improved style, being arranged so as to facilitate the despatch of business. A considerable clerical staff is employed, the members of it being well experienced. Mr. Schroeter is engaged in several highly important branches of commerce, one being in exporting coal to foreign parts. These coals are received from some of the most famous collieries in South Wales. He is also engaged as an importer of pitwood. This is largely used by different colliery proprietors who value the safety of their properties, the timber being of the soundest and best description. He is one of the largest importers of Scandinavian pitwood in the Bristol Channel. In addition to these two callings Mr. Schroeter has large transactions as a shipbroker, and thoroughly carries out all the many duties connected with the same. He has distinguished himself by the able and consistent manner in which he transacts all commissions entrusted to him. He enjoys the full confidence and respect of a large and superior clientele, and is esteemed for his personal merits.

JOHN P. HACQUOIL & CO., STEAMSHIP OWNERS AND SHIPBROKERS,
BUTE STREET, DOCKS, CARDIFF.

THE prosperity of Cardiff is closely bound up with its shipping interests, and many enterprising and capable firms are occupied with this department of commercial activity. Among these, reference must be made to the well-known and responsible house of Messrs. John P. Hacquoil & Co., of Bute Street, Docks, Steamship Owners and Shipbrokers, and Colliery Proprietors. The business was initiated in 1860, under the title of Hacquoil Brothers, and was developed with considerable energy and ability; the designation of the firm was afterwards changed into the one it bears now, the partners being Mr. John P. Hacquoil and Mr. H. J. Simpson. The firm early achieved a reputation for the spirited and well-directed policy with which it was managed, and for the liberal and honourable way in which all customers were treated. These characteristics have loomed largely in the firm’s career down to the present time, and no house stands higher in the estimation of the profession than that of Messrs. John P. Hacquoil & Co. Large and commodious premises are occupied, conveniently located in the neighbourhood of the docks, comprising a suite of private offices and general offices, which offer ample accommodation to a numerous staff of clerks. The firm have also offices at 50 and 51, Lime Street, London, E.C., and at Dock Street, Newport.

An extensive business is controlled, and its constantly increasing character is evidence that every satisfaction is being given to customers. The firm’s resources are on a very large scale, and they possess perfect facilities for carrying out the largest contracts in an efficient and expeditious manner. An important business is done in buying and selling ships on commission, a branch of business for which the special experience and knowledge of the partners particularly qualify them. Messrs. John P. Hacquoil & Co. are the general managers of the famous Powell’s Tillery Steam-coal Company, Limited, whose extensive works are at Abertillery, in Monmouthshire. The produce of these mines bears a good repute in the trade for its uniform and superior quality, and so rapidly has the demand for it increased in certain quarters that, even with the output maintained at the present time, demand cannot be met satisfactorily, and two new pits have been sunk. The connection is mainly abroad, and no effort is spared in filling orders to secure the repeated confidence of patrons by always supplying a good article at the lowest market price.

The proprietors of this representative house are sound men of business, and have been long and honourably connected with the trade with which their names are so closely identified. They are widely known and esteemed for their ability, personal worth, and strict commercial integrity.
The telegraphic addresses of the house are “Quail,” Cardiff, and “Hacquoil,” London or Newport (Mon.).

EVAN THOMAS, RADCLIFFE & CO., STEAMSHIP OWNERS AND MAKERS AND GENERAL MERCHANTS,
4, DOCK CHAMBERS, CARDIFF.

AMONG the steamship owners and brokers of Cardiff a particularly prominent position has been maintained for the past ten years by the eminent firm named above. Founded in the year 1882 by Mr. Evan Thomas and Mr. Henry Radcliffe, this important concern has played a very active and influential part in the shipping trade of Cardiff in the decade that has elapsed since then, and at the present time its affairs are most ably administered by the principals, Mr. Henry Radcliffe and Mr. Daniel. Radcliffe. The firm occupy very commodious and handsomely appointed offices at Dock Chambers, where the routine of the business is ably attended to by a numerous and experienced staff. Here the visitor will notice a number of beautifully finished models of steamships belonging to the firm. These are produced in highly polished woods, with electro-plated fittings, and are shown in glass cases. They are among the finest models that lave ever been made. Messrs. Evan Thomas, Radcliffe & Co. own a fleet of no fewer than seventeen steamers, nine of which are of the latest type of construction, viz., steel built, with triple-expansion engines. The aggregate tonnage of the fleet is 49,650 tons, and the following is a list of the names and tonnages of the individual vessels:— Gwenllian Thomas, 1,600 tons; Iolo Morganwg, 1,800; Anne Thomas, 2,000; Kate Thomas, 2,100; Wynnstay, 2,100; Renfrew, 3,250: Walter Thomas, 3,300; Bala, 2,600; W. J, Radcliffe, 2,900; Clarissa Radcliffe, 3,850; Sarah Radcliffe, 3,350; Mary Thomas, 3,100; Jane Radcliffe, 2,600; Douglas Hill, 3,100; Llanberis, 3,550; Manchester, 3,100; Glamorgan, 4,200. The last-named nine steamers (from the W. J. Radcliffe to the end of our list) are among the finest vessels owned by any private firm in Great Britain, and the entire fleet represents an outlay of upwards of half a million pounds sterling. An addition to the above fleet, in the shape of a fine 4,000 tons steamer, is now being built to the order of the firm.

Messrs. Evan Thomas, Radcliffe & Co. engage very extensively in the shipping trade of the port, and are also large general merchants. Their vessels are regularly employed in the exportation of coal, iron, and coke to all parts of the world, and in the importation of iron ore, grain, timber, oil, and general cargoes — the timber chiefly from America, the grain from Russia and America, and oil from the Black Sea. Altogether an immense trade is controlled, and the firm stand high in the esteem and confidence of a widespread connection at home and abroad. The business is directed with marked energy and sound judgment, and receives the personal supervision of the Messrs. Radcliffe. Mr. Henry Radcliffe is a director of the Bute Dry Dock and Shipbuilding Company, of the West of England Steamship Protection Association, of the United Freight and Demurrage Association of Cardiff, and of the British Freight and Demurrage Association, Limited.
The telegraphic address of Messrs. Evan Thomas, Radcliffe & Co. is “Radcliffe, Cardiff.”

TUCK & CO., LIMITED, PATENTEES AND SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THE PATENT ELASTIC STEAM PACKING AND VULCANISED INDIA-RUBBER, ASBESTOS, AND LEATHER GOODS OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS,
103, BUTE DOCKS, CARDIFF.

THIS old-established and eminent house is one of the best-known concerns of its kind in English and foreign shipping and engineering circles, and has achieved a distinguished reputation in the important branch of trade to which its attention has been specially devoted during the last thirty years. Messrs. Tuck & Co.’s extensive business was founded in London, and the head office is still situated there (No. 116, Cannon Street, E.C.), but the Cardiff branch is of such importance in its relation to the trade of this busy port that our review would be incomplete without some reference to its operations. The premises occupied at 103, Bute Docks form the headquarters of the firm’s Western trade, and were opened about twelve years ago. Since then other branches have been started at Barry Dock, Newport, and Swansea, all three of which are managed from Cardiff, Mr. W. Tyson Martin being the experienced and energetic manager for the whole of this district. The firm also have offices at 42, Chapel Street, Liverpool; 35, Market Street, Manchester; 13, Aston’s Quay, Dublin; Richmond Place, Southampton, and at Melbourne, besides agencies in all parts of the world. These ramifications of the business, so widespread and international in their extension, speak volumes for the superior quality of the goods with which the firm under notice have identified their name. Messrs. Tuck & Co;, Limited, have their chief speciality in their celebrated “Patent Elastic Steam Packing” (Tuck’s genuine packing), a production which has become deservedly famous both at home and abroad. The firm are, however, hardly less renowned for their manufacture of vulcanised india-rubber and asbestos goods for all mechanical and general purposes. They make the rubber up from the raw material into bands, buffer springs, hose piping, valves, and all other forms required in industrial establishments, and their rubber goods are known and esteemed in almost every quarter of the globe for their sound quality and reliability. Messrs. Tuck & Co., Limited, hold an immense stock of all the goods they manufacture and supply, including a large variety of leather goods, in such lines as belting, hose, &c., and they are thus in a position to execute the largest orders with promptitude. The premises at Cardiff are very extensive and well organised for the purposes of the trade, and they include works in which the firm manufacture their noted “triple and asbestos packings.” The business in its entirety is, we believe, the largest of its kind in the Principality. Messrs. Tuck & Co., Limited, enjoy the support of a most extensive and influential connection in the home and export markets, and they are contractors to the Admiralty, foreign Governments, railway companies, &c.

FREDERICK WARD, SHIPPING AND FAMILY BUTCHER,
48 AND 49, JAMES STREET, CARDIFF; AND AT BARRY DOCK ROAD, BARRY.

AMONG the oldest established business houses in Cardiff still doing a vigorous and prosperous trade, that of Mr. Frederick Ward, of 48 and 49, James Street, Shipping and Family Butcher, merits special mention in this work. This representative business was founded some thirty-five years ago, by the present proprietor, and by him has been developed with notable enterprise, perseverance and ability, until at the present time neither in the extent of its operations nor in the value of its connection has it any successful rival in the district. The premises occupied at James Street are very handsome in appearance, and stand in a prominent corner position. They consist of an imposing block of building, three storeys high, with a frontage of fifty feet, and running back for some eighty to ninety feet. They comprise two spacious shops, one for meat and the other for vegetables and poultry, an immense display being made in the five capacious plate-glass windows with which the front is fitted. The interior of the establishment has been liberally furnished with every requisite and convenience for the proper control of a large business of this description. At the back of the meat department is a compact suite of offices, and also a large room fitted up with the latest and most effective refrigeratory appliances for the preservation of the meat in hot weather, into which the meat is run by means of an ingenious pulley railway. The whole of the establishment is lighted by the electric light, and is particularly noticeable for the cleanly and wholesome appearance that pervades every department.

Mr. Ward is a thorough master of his business, and he spares no expense or trouble in providing the best of everything. Whatever he offers can be thoroughly relied upon, and his name in the trade is of itself an ample guarantee for superior quality. A number of fine cattle are kept on the farms ready for killing, and fresh supplies of meat are provided every day. In 1891 Mr. Ward imported one thousand six hundred head of first-class cattle into Cardiff from Chicago, which is the largest importation of cattle by any butcher into South Wales. The vegetables are chiefly of Mr. Ward’s own growing, and are always fresh and rich in character. An extensive family connection has been established throughout Cardiff and the district, and ships are supplied with live pigs, poultry, and vegetables. A large number of hands are kept constantly employed, and orders of any magnitude are executed with promptness and with every satisfaction as regards quality and price. In the control of this extensive concern, branch establishments have been opened at 10, Bridge Street, Cardiff, and at Barry Dock Road, Barry, where a good and fast-increasing trade is being carried on. It should be noticed that Mr. Ward is purveyor by appointment to Her Majesty the Queen. The telegraphic address of the Cardiff house is: “Ward, Butcher, Cardiff,” and the telephone No. 146; and of the Barry establishment, telegraphic address: “Ward, Butcher, Barry,” telephone No. 15.

The proprietor is a thoroughly active man, and superintends the whole of his extensive business himself, ably assisted by Mrs. Ward. He is well known and respected in the trade, and is regarded on all hands as the leading representative pf this business in the locality. By his straightforward and honourable dealings he commands the respect of all who come into business connection with him, while in private life he is highly esteemed for his personal worth, the lively interest he takes in all local public movements and his inflexible uprightness.

THOMAS, RICHES & CO., PROPRIETORS OF THE CAMBRIAN NAVIGATION STEAM-COAL COLLIERIES,
BUTE DOCKS, CARDIFF.

CARDIFF is the largest coal-exporting port in the world, and among the numerous firms that contribute to its remarkable activity in this branch of trade a very prominent position is held by that of Messrs. Thomas, Riches & Co. This firm, dating from the year 1871, are proprietors of the celebrated Cambrian Navigation steam coal, which is obtained from their valuable collieries in the best part of the Rhondda Valley These collieries are among the largest and most productive in the district, the output now reaching nearly to a million tons per annum. The great demand existing, for the Cambrian Navigation coal causes a steady increase in the firm’s industry, and at the present time it may be said, without exaggeration, that the operations of this great house afford a means of livelihood to something like ten thousand people. The collieries, which are in close communication with the Taff Vale and Great Western Railways, possess the largest ventilating fan ever constructed, and are in all respects admirably equipped and most capably managed. Both on the surface and underground they are lighted by electricity, and all the newest and most effective appliances are in use for raising the coal and despatching it by rail. The Cambrian Navigation steam coal is greatly esteemed for its purity of analysis, freedom from smoke, dust, and clinkers, and high evaporative power; and for these reasons it is very largely used by the world’s navies and by the great steamship companies at home and abroad. This firm is also intimately connected with the Sguborwen Merthyr Steam-coal Collieries, these companies being practically under the same management. The managing partner of the firm is Mr. David Alfred Thomas, who also takes a great interest in public affairs, and was again returned as senior member for Merthyr Tydfil at the General Election of 1892. At Cardiff the firm’s business is ably looked after by their manager, Mr. H. W. Wood Davey, who is to be found at the offices at Bute Docks. Messrs. Thomas, Riches & Co. undoubtedly control one of the largest and most important coal businesses in South. Wales, and their name is favourably known all over the world.

THOMAS ELLIOTT, LIMITED, THE BUTE AERATED WATER WORKS,
GLADSTONE STREET, CARDIFF.

THE business of “Thomas Elliott, Limited,” of the Bute Aerated Water Works, Cardiff, has a distinct historical interest for the chronicler of the industrial records of Wales. For, there is every reason to believe, when Mr. Thomas Elliott established this thriving industry in 1840, he constituted himself the pioneer of the manufacturers of mineral waters in the Principality of Wales. Mr. Elliott has since had many imitators, but the enterprise which he founded has now become probably the largest manufactory of aerated and mineral waters in the provinces. The success of Mr. Elliott’s establishment, controlled by his conspicuous energy and enterprise, naturally kept pace with the unprecedented growth of the export trade of Cardiff, and the consequent expansion of the population, and the equally natural increased demand for aerated waters. The desire to be prepared for a corresponding expansion of business in the future led to the incorporation of the company in 1887, under the Limited Liability Acts. An excellent board of managing directors is constituted by Mr. Thomas Elliott (chairman), Mr. Vincent Elliott, and Mr. John Hill, the indefatigable secretary and accountant being Mr. T. E. Lewis. The company have found the demands upon their productive resources at headquarters so heavy that they have found it judicious to establish branches at Pontypridd, in the Rhondda Valley, where they are now erecting a large factory: at Barry Dock, at Penarth, and at Cowbridge. All these branches are prosperous, and the company have recently acquired extensive premises opposite their Cardiff works, which are being converted into bottling and storage rooms. The company produce, in very large quantities, all the varieties of aerated and mineral waters which are usually in demand; and they have an excellent speciality, which has become remarkably popular throughout South Wales and the West of England, in the form of their Improved Fermented Ginger Beer. Some idea of the huge output of this famous company may be formed from the fact that the company regularly employ upwards of a hundred hands, notwithstanding the economy of labour which is effected by their splendid perfected modern machinery, and that thirty horses and vans are employed in the daily task of delivering goods to their wide circle of customers.

F. S. LOCK, BUILDER AND CONTRACTOR, MANUFACTURER OF GREENHOUSES AND CONSERVATORIES BY STEAM MACHINERY,
PENARTH ROAD, CARDIFF.

THIS large and very important business is one of the leading concerns of its kind in South Wales, giving employment to upwards of two hundred hands, in its various departments, and enjoying the support of a most valuable and influential connection. The business was founded in 1857 by its present proprietor, Mr. F. S. Lock, and has its headquarters at very extensive premises in Penarth Road, comprising as a principal feature an immense saw-mill, fitted with a large and valuable plant of steam-sawing and wood-working machinery of every description, and all of the most improved modern type. Above the mill is situated the joiners’ shop, one hundred and seven feet long by twenty- five feet wide, containing sixteen benches, and a splendid equipment of the best tools and apparatus known in the trade. Mr. Lock has spared no expense in the organisation of his works, and the many labour-saving appliances he has brought into recognition here enable him to make rapid headway, not only with his own important building contracts, but also with the work of supplying joinery, mouldings, &c., to the trade, a very extensive department which has been most successfully developed.

The yard space and storage for timber accommodates a very large and comprehensive stock, including considerable quantities of mahogany, teak, and other high-class woods. To the right of the yard stands a block of buildings one hundred and fifteen feet in length. Here are the timekeeper’s office, nail stores, wall-paper stores, glaziers’ shop, plumbers’ shop, painters’’ shop, and a large room for storing rain-water goods, gullies, &c. On the first floor of the same block we find the general and drawing offices, lavatories, strong-rooms, and stores for an immense stock of ironmongery, locks, gas fixtures, and plumbers’ goods. Adjoining the drying-shed for timber there are spacious stores for cement, plaster, &c., and in the yard are two powerful steam mortar-mills, constantly in operation. Two large cranes afford facilities for the moving of heavy goods, and a line of rails is laid from the end of the yard to the mills. The establishment also includes smiths’ and wheelwrights’ shops, and stores for a great quantity of building stone, paving stone, firebrick, glazed bricks, stable bricks, tiles, moulded bricks, and other materials; while the capacious cellars under the main building contain supplies of paints, oils, varnishes, glass, &c. Stables for twelve horses, with cart-sheds, haylofts, &c., complete one of the most extensive and interesting establishments of its kind in the Principality.

Mr. F. S. Lock engages in all the departments of the building business, and has carried out a great many important contracts, including the election of the Park Hall Buildings, hotel and shops — one of the largest blocks in Cardiff. He also holds the contracts for repairs to Government buildings in this district, and has been largely engaged in tramway work in Cardiff, and very recently in the extension of the double line. The London and Provincial Bank, Messrs. Jotham & Sons’ clothing establishment, and other buildings in St. Mary Street are notable examples of his work. Houses of all kinds are planned, built, painted, papered, glazed, and made ready in every respect for the furnisher. Greenhouses and conservatories are made by steam machinery, and are numbered among the most successful specialities of this house. A large amount of order work is also done in general repairs, alterations, rebuildings, &c. Mr. Lock is a most active and energetic man of business, and he and his staff are well known as thorough masters of every detail of the trade. All contracts are carried out by him in the promptest and most conscientious manner, and good work and materials are guaranteed by the reputation and high-standing of the concern.
Telegraphic address: “F. S. Lock, Cardiff”; Telephone No. 71; P. O. Telephone No. 507.

D. DAVIS & SONS, LIMITED, COLLIERY PROPRIETORS, FERNDALE SMOKELESS STEAM COAL OFFICES,
7, BUTE CRESCENT, CARDIFF.

SOUTH Wales can boast of many colossal colliery companies, such as have few rivals in the world, and among these select representatives of this important industry a conspicuous and leading position is occupied by the celebrated firm of Messrs. D. Davis & Sons, Limited, whose offices are at 7, Bute Crescent, Cardiff. The business was originally established in 1845, under the title of Mr. David Davis, and was developed by the founder with notable ability, enterprise, and success. In 1886 the style of the firm was changed to Messrs. D. Davis & Sons, and afterwards in 1890, in consequence of the immense growth in the extent and importance of the business transacted, the concern was converted into a limited company, with Mr. F. L. Davis as managing director and chairman. The following gentlemen comprise the board of directors:— Mr. Benjamin Lewis, manager for Cardiff, Mr. H. L. Warner, Mr. Charles Hull, manager in London, M. Jules Vasse, manager in Paris, Mr. W. W. Joseph, and Mr. Frank Edwards, M.P. These gentlemen have been connected with the firm for periods ranging from eighteen to forty years, so that the management is still in the same hands as when the concern was a private firm.

The premises occupied in Cardiff are ample in size, and adequate in convenience of arrangement. They comprise a suite of private offices, together with general offices, affording accommodation for a numerous staff of clerks. The company are the proprietors of the Ferndale Collieries situate in Rhondda Valley, Glamorganshire, which are famous no less for their extent and the efficiency of their management than for the superior and uniform quality of the output. The coal obtained is a steam coal of exceptionally good character, a clear burner, and remarkably free from all kinds of impurities. Upwards of a million tons of this valuable product are brought to the surface and sold every year, and employment is found for a force of several thousand persons. An enviable reputation has been secured by the company for the prompt and efficient manner in which it is able to fulfil the largest contracts, a result mainly due to their splendid resources and admirable system of control. The connection of the company is world-wide.

WINDSOR HOTEL,
BUTE DOCKS, CARDIFF.
PROPRIETOR: CAPTAIN S. W. PEARSE (LATE SS. ROYAL WELSH).

THE Windsor Hotel, at Bute Docks, was opened in the year 1892, with Captain S. W. Pearse (late of the ss. Royal Welsh) as proprietor. The hotel is a desirable addition to the town also from an architectural point of view, and consists of a large and handsome block of building, three storeys high, and of the composite order of architecture. Passing through the fine entrance of the hotel the visitor comes to the private bar and to the coffee-room, the latter a commodious apartment forty feet in length, and comfortably and elegantly furnished. On the left is a spacious smoke-room, and on the same floor is the hotel grill-room, substantially fitted up, and ample in size to accommodate some eighty or ninety guests. The walls of this room are tastefully decorated with some well-selected pictures and large massively framed mirrors. The first floor contains the billiard-room, which is provided with two of Burroughes & Watts’ celebrated tables, with all the latest improvements. Adjacent is the principal dining-room, which will comfortably seat one hundred persons, and is well adapted for public banquets and similar purposes. The private apartments are on a superior scale, and offer absolute quiet and privacy. There are several fine sitting-rooms and bedrooms en suite, and sixteen single bedrooms, all of which are lofty and well ventilated, and with their cosy appointments looking the very picture of comfort and cleanliness. The cuisine is a leading feature at the Windsor. It is presided over by a thoroughly competent chef. The larders are plentifully supplied with all the delicacies of the season, and both the cooking and serving are of a superior kind, a staff of seventeen well-trained waiters and waitresses being employed.

The establishment from top to bottom has been fitted up regardless, of expense with every modern improvement that can contribute to the convenience and satisfaction of the patrons. The bath-rooms are of first-class character, and the sanitary arrangements have been carried out under the directions of the most reliable authorities. Much judgment and experience have been employed in the selection of the wines and spirits, which include many choice and rare kinds, and the ale and cigars are the best procurable. Although the best kind of accommodation is offered in every department of this hotel, extensive larder, good cooking, excellent attendance, and choicest wines and spirits, the charges will be found rarely to exceed those in force at many much inferior establishments. Captain Pearse makes an admirable chief, and handles his staff with great skill. His personal supervision is bestowed on the concern in its entirety, and every department is maintained in a thorough state of control and efficiency. He is unremitting in his attention, and the wants and wishes of his patrons in every respect receive prompt am courteous attention. Under his well-directed and genial management, the Windsor cannot fail to obtain a good share of patronage from the principal visitors and inhabitants of the town.

THOMPSON & SHACKELL, LIMITED, PIANOFORTE AND ORGAN MERCHANTS, ORGAN BUILDERS, &C.,
QUEEN’S MUSIC WAREHOUSE, CARDIFF.

WALES is probably the most musical part of Great Britain, and it is therefore not surprising to find in Cardiff the headquarters of such a noted firm of musical-instrument dealers as Messrs. Thompson & Shackell, Limited, who are among the largest pianoforte dealers in the Kingdom, and who are also extensively engaged in organ-building. This important concern was founded upwards of thirty years ago at Carmarthen (where it still has a branch), and was started as a private firm, trading under the style of Thompson & Shackell. Twenty-one years ago the chief establishment was opened at Cardiff, and in 1886 the business was converted into a limited liability company, of which Mr. E. W. Shackell is managing director. The premises in Cardiff are known as the Queen’s Music Warehouse, and are of large extent and commodious arrangement, the show-rooms being capable of holding and displaying a hundred and eighty instruments at a time. The company have a well-equipped factory for the manufacture of organs in Gladstone Place, near the Docks, and here they have built a large number of excellent instruments. The business has developed enormously during recent years, and branches have been opened and very successfully carried on at Bristol, Swansea, Gloucester, Newport, Merthyr, Cheltenham, Pontypridd, Maesteg, Penarth, and Llanelly, in addition to the Cardiff house and the original establishment at Carmarthen. Messrs. Thompson & Shackell do an immense trade in pianofortes, and offer great inducements to cash purchasers, showing pianos of remarkably good tone and workmanship at twenty, twenty-four, thirty, and thirty-six guineas, with very superior makes at proportionately higher prices. These are iron-frame instruments with all modern improvements, and are specially manufactured for the firm. No better value can be met with anywhere, and any instrument can be had on the firm’s new “hire-purchase” system, an equitable and economical means of obtaining a really good pianoforte or organ on easy monthly payments, with immediate possession of the instrument.

Messrs. Thompson & Shackell, Limited, are sole agents in South Wales for the celebrated Neumeyer pianos and the equally famous Estey American organs, prices in this line ranging all the way from sixteen to three hundred guineas. The stock in the ware-rooms also contains a full assortment of pianos by Brinsmead, Kirkman, Collard, Broadwood, Ibach, Knauss, Hopkinson, and all other leading makers. As organ and harmonium builders this firm have gained a high reputation; and they are well known as the inventors and patentees of the Royal Coupler-Action piano, which possesses an attachment enabling the player to sound octaves without actually striking them with his hands. This invention, which is patented in Great Britain, Germany, France, Switzerland, the United States, and Canada, is a useful adaptation for the pianoforte of the well-known “octave coupler” of the organ, and by its aid the difficulty of playing octave passages at high speed becomes practically nil.

Besides the Estey organs, for which they hold the sole agency here, Messrs. Thompson & Shackell show a large variety of their own excellent organs and harmoniums at moderate prices, and these instruments invariably give good satisfaction, musically and in all other respects. The Queen’s Music Warehouse also contains a varied stock of small musical instruments, string and wind, together with a full assortment of sheet music, and all other requisites of the art for amateurs and professionals. The business in its entirety is one of the largest and best of its kind in the country, and has widespread and influential connections. Its large and growing trade is managed with marked ability and enterprise by Mr. Shackell, who has been a member of the Cardiff Town Council for the last nine years, and who is equally esteemed and respected as a business man and as an active member of the municipal government.

Fulton, Dunlop & Co., Wine, Spirit, Ale, and Porter Merchants,
16, Duke Street, Cardiff.

In connection with the wine and. spirit trade at Cardiff a position of distinction is held, by the old and well-known firm of Messrs. Fulton, Dunlop & Co., whose business dates from the year 1859. This eminent house has its headquarters in premises which were specially built to meet the requirements of its extensive trade. The establishment in Duke Street comprises spacious offices, sale-room, stores, and cellars; and in addition to this the firm have bonded warehouses in Westgate Street, and other large cellars in Working Street, Queen Street, and Church Street, together with stabling for a number of horses used in the delivery of goods. There are also highly successful retail depots in Working Street and St. John Street. Messrs. Fulton, Dunlop & Co. hold stocks of wines and spirits which are among the largest, best, and most comprehensive in the Principality. Their wine-list embraces the choicest growths and vintages of champagne, sparkling moselle, claret, still and sparkling hock, still and sparkling burgundy, sherry, madeira, marsala, port from the wood, and old crusted port of rare quality. All these wine's are of the finest character in their several classes, and are the very best that capital, enterprise, and a masterly knowledge of the trade can secure. No finer goods can be obtained anywhere, and this policy of maintaining the highest possible standard of merit in their wines has long distinguished the firm under notice, and won for them a high, place in the esteem and confidence of connoisseurs and the best classes of the public.

The same principle is carried out in the matter of spirits, and Messrs. Fulton, Dunlop & Co. stock large quantities of the choicest brandies, Irish and Scotch whiskies, rum, gin, hollands, and all the reputed brands of foreign and British liqueurs and cordials. Finally, it may be noted that this firm do an immense trade in bottled beer and stout, and among their specialities in this department are Guinness’s Dublin extra stout, Bass’s and Allsopp’s pale ales, Findlater’s invalid stout, London extra stout, and fine Scotch ale. They also supply the leading beers and stouts in cask, and have an extensive trade in aerated waters, including those of Schweppe, Hooper, Ross, Cantrell & Cochrane, the Apollinaris Company, &c.

Everything sent out by this firm is in first-rate condition, this being ensured by laying down large stocks and holding them for long periods. The entire business is conducted upon high-class lines, and Messrs. Fulton, Dunlop & Co. have always catered specially to the requirements of that section of society in which their wide and valuable connection is mainly developed. The house enjoys the patronage of the first families of the district, and holds the rank of a recognised leader in its important trade. There is a branch at Windsor Road, Penarth, and goods of the same description as those supplied by the firm at Cardiff and Penarth (and at the same prices) may be had of Messrs. Fulton & Co., Swansea; Dunlop, Mackie & Co., Bristol; Mackie & Gladstone, Birkenhead, Liverpool, and Birmingham; and Findlater, Mackie k Co., London, Dublin, Brighton, and Manchester. The Cardiff business is under the sole management of Mr. Alderman Andrew Fulton, who founded it, and to whose remarkably extensive experience and active energy the concern owes much of its success and development. Alderman Fulton stands among the most prominent and most respected citizens of Cardiff, and is one of the oldest members of the Town Council, having been elected thereto in 1875. He was Mayor of Cardiff in 1884-85, and was made an alderman of the borough in 1887, which important office he continues to fill with close attention to the social and municipal interests of the community.
We may add that telegrams for Messrs. Fulton, Dunlop & Oo. should be addressed “Fulton, Cardiff.”

T. C. HOWE & CO., SHIPBROKERS, &C.,
31, MOUNTSTUART SQUARE, CARDIFF.

THIS well-known firm originated in the year 1876, and formerly had its headquarters at 20, Mountstuart Square. For the past eight years, however, the offices have been at the present address. Messrs. T. C. Howe & Co. are managers of the well-known Thornton Steamship Company, and agents for Messrs. Donald Currie & Co., the Shaw, Savill, and Albion Company, Limited, the Royal Mail Steam Packet Company, the American Steamship Company, Limited, the Allan Royal Mail Line, and the Cunard Line. They are also connected with the Tondu Colliery Company, Limited, the registered offices of which are situated at the above address. The property of this latter company is situated at Tondu, and has fifty-six coke ovens, and a coal shaft 227 yards deep. A very remarkable feature of this valuable colliery is that there are no fewer than eleven seams of coal in the one shaft, all of them over a yard thick, or, collectively, 69 feet of solid coal. The most valuable seam is the noted “Cribbwr,” which is regarded by experts as being the finest coal in Wales. Since the property was taken over by the present syndicate great improvements have been carried out at the colliery, and better working facilities have been provided. The Company expect to be soon turning out about four hundred tons of coal per day. The coke ovens are continuously kept going, the “Cribbwr” coal being recognised as the best in Wales for making foundry coke. The coke produced is sent as far west as Milford, east to Kent, north to Staffordshire, and south to Falmouth. The affairs of the company are well looked after in shipping and other circles by the general managers at Cardiff.

GEORGE COLLE, TAILOR, BREECHES-MAKER, AND HOSIER, MILITARY AND NAVAL OUTFITTER,
7, DUKE STREET, AND 4, HIGH STREET, CARDIFF.

AMONG the select business establishments of Cardiff there is none better known or more generally esteemed than that of Mr. George Colle, the leading tailor and military and naval outfitter of Duke Street. This house is one of the oldest in the town, and was founded as far back as the year 1807 under the name of Ware & Sons. Subsequently the title became Ware & Colle, and for the past seven years the business has been conducted under the name and sole proprietorship of Mr. George Colle. The present premises in Duke Street have been occupied for about twenty years (although the firm have been located in the same street over forty years), and are admirably suited to the requirements of a high-class trade. They comprise a handsome shop, with spacious show-rooms, cutting-rooms, and work-rooms in connection, and contain a splendid stock of superior cloths and tailoring fabrics in all the newest and most fashionable patterns, shades, and textures. Mr. Colle’s attention is devoted entirely to the higher branches of the trade, and his work is par excellence in style, fit, and finish, as well in quality of material. A leading speciality consists of military, naval, and civil uniforms of all kinds, and in this department a very large trade is done, as the result of the high standard of perfection attained. Ladies’ tailoring and habit-making constitute a special department in which Mr. Colle is eminently successful, and the making of liveries forms another special feature of considerable importance. Mr. Colle has also developed a large and high-class hat trade, and keeps an excellent stock of Messrs. Tress & Co.’s well-known hats.

His clientele is of a distinguished character, including most of the aristocracy of the district, and a very important trade is done with the leading military and other officers in this neighbourhood. Mr. Colle was honoured on several occasions with the patronage of his late Royal Highness, the Duke of Clarence and Avondale, and with that of the late High Sheriff of Glamorganshire. He is official outfitter by appointment to the South Wales Physical Training College and Gymnasium, Cardiff. Moreover, Mr. Colle has customers resident in nearly all parts of the world, whose orders he regularly receives and despatches. For the convenience of his extensive home connection he has travellers who wait upon customers in all quarters of South and West Wales. Every order is executed under the personal supervision of Mr. Colle, who is a thorough master of the high-class tailor’s art, and whose taste and judgment are recognised by all his influential patrons. We believe this is the oldest business of its kind in Cardiff. Mr. George Colle has recently acquired the old-established business of the late Mr. Daniel Evans, Tailor and Breeches-maker, 4, High Street, Cardiff, having bought from the late Mr. D. Evans’ executors the whole of the stock, goodwill, and book debts. The late Mr. D. Evans established the business about the year 1850, and successfully carried it on until his death, as a high-class trade, being especially noted for liveries. Mr. George Colle has had the shop enlarged and refitted, and well stocked with high-class woollens, and will carry on the business in conjunction with his well-known Duke Street business. In every respect this is a house of the first rank, and is conducted by its present esteemed proprietor in a manner fully maintaining the high reputation it has so long enjoyed.

EDWYN COOKE & CO., BRITISH AND FOREIGN TIMBER MERCHANTS, STEAM SAW MILLS, AND GENERAL TURNING WORKS,
WEST BUTE DOCKS, CARDIFF.

The origin of this noted business goes back to 1840, the present style of the firm being assumed a little more than fifteen years ago. The concern has all along been conducted with remarkable energy and judgment, and has grown annually in the extent of its operations and the capability of its resources. The premises occupied comprise private and general offices, well arranged and fitted up with every requisite for the control of a large business, among which may be mentioned telephonic communication with the various centres of trade in the West of England and South Wales. The premises include extensive saw-mills, turning shops, and spacious yards for storing timber. The equipment of the manufacturing departments is the result of the firm’s long experience in the business and their full resolve to leave nothing untried to turn out the best goods at the lowest prices. A force of from fifteen to twenty hands is employed according to the season, and Mr. Edwyn Cooke, who personally undertakes the supervision, is to be heartily congratulated on the systematic and effective way in which the whole business is conducted. The stocks held are, perhaps, the largest and best selected in the district. There are ample supplies of oak, elm, mahogany, birch, pine, fir, &c., a special line is made of lignum vitae, of which the house holds an exceptional quantity, and which it is able to offer at an exceptionally favourable price.

Messrs. Edwyn Cooke & Co. are also well known as importers of American spokes, hubs, ash oars, and various kinds of manufactured goods which our trans-Atlantic cousins can produce with much skill and at considerably less cost than ourselves. The firm are held in high regard, and their productions find ready sales among better class buyers and consumers. They are made of the best well-seasoned timber and are strongly and well finished, whilst every inducement is offered to buyers in the matter of prices. The proprietor is a practical and experienced man of business, and by his personal attention to all orders he secures the continued support of all that come into business connection with him. He is regarded as a worthy representative of this important branch of industry, and in trade and commercial circles is widely and favourably known. In private life he enjoys universal respect for the ability, disinterested services on behalf of the public good, and his personal rectitude.

S. A. BRAIN & CO., THE OLD BREWERY,
CARDIFF.

BREWING is one of the greatest of British industries, and it has a famous representative at Cardiff in the widely known house of Messrs. S. A. Brain & Co. This firm control what is known as the “Old Brewery,” a historic establishment, the annals of which date back for over two centuries, and the products of which are renowned in all parts of the Principality. For the past thirty years this immense business has been in the hands of its present proprietors, to whose energy and ability it owes its great modern growth and development. The premises were rebuilt in 1887 at a cost of £50,000, and they now form one of the largest, best-equipped, and most perfectly organised brewing establishments in the Kingdom. Recently the firm have completed a fine artesian well, which affords an unlimited supply of pure water, admirably suited for brewing purposes. The growth of this firm’s business in modern times and the difference between the resources of the old brewery and those of the rebuilt establishment, may be understood when we say that the old plant was a ten-quarter one, while the plant now in use has a seventy-quarter capacity. The concern is at once the oldest and the largest in Cardiff, and is celebrated for the excellence and purity of its products in all descriptions of light and strong ales and beers, porter, and stout. An enormous local trade is controlled, and the entire business is personally managed with great energy and judgment by Mr. S. A. Brain, the head of the firm, who has associated with him in partnership his uncle, Mr. J. B. Brain, of Clifton.

Mr. S. A. Brain, who is a descendant of one of the oldest and most respected Gloucestershire families, is a thoroughly practical and scientific brewer, and has had long experience in the trade, which he turns to excellent account in the administration of the Old Brewery. He was one of the founders of the Cardiff Malting Company, a concern which has developed wonderfully during the last two or three years, and which has now attained proportions of great magnitude and importance. Mr. S. A. Brain is also chairman of the directors of Stevens & Sons, Limited, the largest firm of wine and spirit merchants in South Wales. Despite the heavy and constant demands made upon his time and energies by the duties of an exceptionally active business life, Mr. S. A. Brain has found opportunity to enter with considerable prominence into public affairs in Cardiff. He is one of the most popular and energetic members of the Cardiff County Council, to which he was elected in 1885, and in which body he stands as one of the representatives of Grangetown Ward; and was also returned this year with a large majority at the head of the poll for the Cardiff School Board. Mr. Brain is also on most of the important municipal committees, and his name appears on the membership rolls of all the leading friendly societies in Cardiff. Finally, as a captain in the local Artillery Volunteers, he has gained well-deserved popularity, and his unfailing interest in the welfare of the working classes in the town, coupled with his active participation in every public movement having a beneficial object, has won for him the esteem and regard of all sections of society in this great and busy community.

We may conclude this brief review by saying that the Old Brewery at Cardiff (which Mr. S. A. Brain has brought so thoroughly “up to date” in all its working resources) has worthily found a place in Mr. Alfred Barnard’s monumental work, “The Noted Breweries of Great Britain and Ireland,” where it is graphically and interestingly described at considerable length.

W. GILL & CO., HOTEL BROKERS, VALUERS, AUCTIONEERS, ESTATE AGENTS, COMMISSION AGENTS, PROPRIETORS OF THE HENDRA QUARRIES AND BRICK WORKS.
OFFICES: 119, ST. MARY STREET, CARDIFF.

A CAPABLE and thoroughly reputable firm in Cardiff, largely occupied in its special line of business, is to be found in that of Messrs. W. Gill & Co., of 119, St. Mary Street, the well-known Hotel Brokers, Valuers, and Auctioneers, Estate Agents, &c. This firm’s business was established in the year 1884, and has occupied its present well-situated and commodious premises for the past four years. Mr. W. Gill, the founder and sole proprietor, brought to bear upon his undertaking the result of many years’ valuable experience in every branch, of the profession. A good name was soon secured for the expeditious and honourable way in which all business entrusted to him was despatched, and the foundation was laid of what has now become one of the leading businesses of its kind in the South Wales district. Operations are carried on in large premises conveniently situated, and having entrance in Quay Street. They consist of a suite of fine offices, private and general, thoroughly well fitted up with every requisite, and affording accommodation for a good staff of clerks, under the personal supervision of the proprietor. A valuable and increasing business is here controlled in the various branches so ably represented by Mr. Gill. Clients’ businesses are bought or sold as occasion demands, mortgages are effected upon freehold and leasehold properties, and valuations of properties, for probate or other purposes, are made with promptness and accuracy. Mr. Gill can be relied upon by intending investors to give them the best advice on property of every description, as long experience and wide and particular knowledge of business establishments and estates in the locality give him special qualifications in this direction. Particular attention is given to the management of estates, the property being kept in thorough repair, and in the highest state of productiveness; responsible tenants are secured, rents regularly collected, and prompt settlement made with principals. But the leading feature of the business is the buying and selling of hotels and public-houses, a department in which Mr. Gill’s large experience and influential connection place him at the head of local practitioners. Every regard is paid to the interests of clients in this as in every other department, and patrons are gratified by the prompt manner in which their business is transacted. Property of all kinds, household furniture, shares, and goods of every description are sold by auction at Mr. Gill’s periodical sales, and consignments on commission receive every attention.

In addition to his business as above, Mr. Gill is the owner of a large estate known as the Hendra Quarries and Brick Works, and situated near Pencoed Station, on the Great Western Railway, about sixteen miles from Cardiff. This valuable property, where large industrial operations are now being carried on, consists of seventy-four acres of land, having common rights extending over three thousand acres. In the event of enclosure this estate will be entitled to an allotment of about seventy acres. A narrow-gauge tramway connects the works and quarries with the Great Western Railway, thus affording satisfactory facilities of transport. The buildings on the estate are commodious, and well laid out for work, and the brick-kilns are five in number, with extensive drying-sheds. Additional capital is now required to build a Hofmann’s Improved Kiln, capable of burning one hundred thousand bricks per week. For this a contract has been offered with engagement guaranteed to burn all hard bricks, and seventy-five per cent, facing, at a cost not exceeding two shillings per thousand. Power is supplied for the purposes of the works by two steam-engines of the best description, and there are also wagons and a locomotive for the railway traffic. The quarries of freestone are very extensive, and the quality of the stone is particularly good. For a length of eight hundred yards by one hundred and twenty yards wide and ten yards deep these quarries have been proved, and are estimated to supply four hundred tons a week for seventy-five years. Silica stone is also abundant on the estate, and is very rich, giving ninety per cent, of silica. The quantity available is estimated at ninety tons a week for a hundred years, and the bricks made from this are equal to the best Dinas fire-bricks, being capable of resisting the highest temperature. Clay deposits of large extent exist on the Hendra Estate, covering an area of twenty acres, and proved to a depth of twenty feet; but it is supposed that they extend much deeper than this. There are extensive deposits of limestone, conveniently situated; and large quantities of foundry loam can be produced at a nominal cost. This loam is likely to be the basis of a large trade, for Messrs. Gill are daily receiving repeat orders from foundries in which it has been used. The firm have expended a very large amount on the buildings and machinery, and in opening up and developing the estate, and the works are now in a position to do an extensive and profitable trade in three departments, viz. (1), red building bricks and silica fire-bricks: (2) building stones and dressed stones; (3) building sand and foundry loam.

Very high testimony to the importance and value of the Hendra Estate is presented in the report upon this property made by Henry Reid, Esq., C.E., the well-known mining expert, and author of “Portland Cement, Its Manufacture and Uses,” &c. Mr. Reid, after describing the estate and its principal minerals, goes on to say:— “The estate of Hendra is well and favourably situated, being nearly midway between the important and rising ports of Swansea and Cardiff. At the latter place large building operations are in contemplation, in the execution of which considerable quantities of stone, bricks, lime, and cement will be required. The outlay at present incurred by the proprietor in opening up quarries and building the brick-works, together with the cost of the branch railway, as well as other exploratory work, has been very considerable. A shaft has been sunk to something like one hundred feet in search of hematite iron, which is supposed to exist under some portion of the estate. For so far the indications are favourable, and during the progress of sinking favourable indications of the existence of metallic ores were observed. A sum of £20,000 would be required to fully develop the estate in the direction of stone-quarrying, brick and cement making, but, if it is found desirable, a much less sum would suffice for a partial development only.” Mr. Henry Reid then concludes his interesting report in these words:— “Coals are very cheap, and there is probably no position in South Wales more favourable for the prosecution of the industries I have referred to. With an expenditure of £20,000 I estimate the profits which might be realised would be as follows, viz.:— Fire-bricks and building bricks, £4,500; lime and cement, £2,500; building stone, £1,000; terra-cotta, £500; sand. £1,000 to £1,500 — total, £9,500. I do not think I have over-estimated the increase which could, without much difficulty, be realised from the estate of Hendra in the way I have indicated. I consider the value of the estate, buildings, machinery, quarries, branch railways, &c., to be £30,000.”

From the details given above it will be seen that the Hendra Estate is one of more than ordinary importance, and under the enterprising management of its present proprietor its commercial value and productiveness have been fully exemplified. A very large and steadily increasing business is now being done in the various useful products of this property, and Mr. Gill is to be congratulated upon the successful manner in which he has developed the estate, and the important addition he has made thereby to the industrial activity of the district.

WALKEY, THOMAS & CO., LIMITED, PAPER MERCHANTS, WHOLESALE STATIONERS, PAPER-BAG MAKERS, &C.,
ST. MARY STREET, CARDIFF.

FOUNDED about twelve years ago at the above address, this notable business has become one of the largest and most important concerns of its kind. It is now entirely under the direction of Mr. Oliver Walkey, and to this gentleman’s practical skill and untiring energy a large amount of its great success is due. The extensive and commodious premises in St. Mary Street comprise a fine four-storey block, affording the most ample accommodation for the various departments. An enormous trade is done in paper and paper-bags of every description used by grocers, ironmongers, and all other trades. These bags are made both by hand and machinery, the latter being a most interesting process. A large amount of female labour is employed in the hand-made department. The firm’s trade extends all over South Wales, the house being, we believe, the only one in this district which unites under the one proprietory the several special branches of trade and industry in which Messrs. Walkey, Thomas & Co. are so successfully engaged. Their promptitude in meeting the requirements of customers has gained the confidence and approval of a widespread connection.

FLINT BROTHERS, WHOLESALE GROCERS, COLONIAL AGENTS, PROVISION MERCHANTS, AND IMPORTERS OF DAIRY PRODUCE,
18 AND 20, CUSTOMHOUSE STREET, CARDIFF.

THIS representative house was founded in the year 1848 by Mr. Joseph Flint, father of the present partners, Messrs. Henry and Herbert Flint, who now jointly direct the operations of a large and flourishing business in the home, foreign, and Colonial markets. The present premises in Customhouse Street and Hope Street were recently purchased by the firm, and comprise a large and handsome four-storey block, fitted with every convenience to facilitate progress. The general counting-house and the partners’ private offices are situated on the ground floor, and the remaining flats are devoted to warehouse purposes. Each one contains a great quantity of goods in which Messrs. Flint Brothers have dealings, but these stocks only represent a minor part of the firm’s resources, as they always have very large available supplies awaiting orders at London, Liverpool, and the port of Cardiff. As far as the Colonial produce trade is concerned, this is the oldest and largest business in the district; in fact, Mr. Joseph N. Flint, the founder, was the pioneer of the trade in Cardiff. Messrs. Flint Brothers continue to have their speciality in the importation and distribution upon a large scale of Australian and American produce, and they make a leading line of Zealand butter, which they import in vast quantities. Immense stocks are also kept in cheeses of various kinds, tinned goods of every description (especially tinned fruits), dried fruit, bacon, lard, and margarine, and in all these commodities the firm do a trade of great magnitude. The top floor of the premises is specially equipped for smoking and curing bacon, which is all done on the premises. Mr. Herbert Flint, one of the partners, makes periodical journeys to New Zealand and Australia, and in this way the house keeps in close and advantageous communication with the great sources of supply in the countries named. Messrs. Flint Brothers supply grocers and provision dealers in all parts of South Wales and the West of England, and their travellers cover the whole of these districts. The general connection is old established and highly influential, and the house holds an honourable position in the esteem and confidence of the trade. We may add that Mr. Joseph N. Flint, the originator of this important concern, was one of the best-known commercial men in Cardiff, being chairman of many notable companies in London and the provinces, and was greatly respected by all who knew him in these and other capacities.
Messrs. Flint Brothers’ telegraphic address is “Flint, Cardiff,” and their telephone is No. 577. Cables should go through Reuter’s agency.

CHARLES CAREY THOMAS, MERCHANT AND IMPORTER,
48, BUTE STREET, CARDIFF.

THE unexampled rate at which Cardiff, of late years, has travelled on the road to the highest distinction amongst the great seaports of the world, so far as regards her export trade, has been accompanied by a c6rrespondingly important movement in the direction of making Cardiff, the commercial capital of South Wales, the centre, as it naturally should be, for the distribution of the necessaries of life throughout the whole of the great district which, in that respect, has hitherto been dependent upon Bristol or London. A visit to the extensive premises of Mr. Charles Carey Thomas, at 48, Bute Street, will convey, in the form of a very striking object-lesson, some suggestive information as to the rapidity with which this movement is progressing. Mr. Carey Thomas holds a varied stock of provisions, chemicals, confectionery, and other comestibles which cannot be surpassed, and is rarely equalled, outside of the Metropolis. The business is entirely wholesale, and the prices quoted will, in their moderation, compare favourably with those of any other house of good standing in the United Kingdom. The firm’s “Prices Current” forms a copious printed document which may be consulted with advantage by all retail dealers throughout Monmouthshire and South Wales.

Mr. Carey Thomas’s premises comprise a suite of well-appointed general and private offices on the ground floor, which are supplied with all modern requisites, including telephonic communication, the rapid despatch of commercial correspondence and other business. The telephone number is 539, and the registered telegraphic address is “Midlothian, Cardiff.”

From the offices, entrance is obtained, by separate doors to two extensive warehouses, amply stocked with good stores of jams, pickles, &c., a portion of this floor-space being utilised for packing. The first floor (the whole building is occupied by Mr. Carey Thomas) is used as a warehouse for the oatmeal which forms one of the specialities in his business. Here also are large stocks of rice, peas, haricot beans, &c., and also the spice room. The second floor is devoted to the packing of small parcels, ready for the retail market, of such commodities as birdseed, cornflour, oatmeal, self-raising flour, baking powder, hops, &c. These packing operations give employment to a large number of female workers, the spacious apartment in which they are engaged being about sixty feet long by twenty-five. The basement of the building has a history. It formerly constituted bonded vaults, the oldest in Cardiff, sad known as No. 1. It now holds an enormous store of bottled fruits, jams, and unpacked goods.

The various floors of this admirably arranged warehouse are reached by a powerful lift which has its point of departure at the back entrance. The firm have constantly in their employ about twenty experienced assistants, in addition to the staff of commercial representatives, who are constantly “on the road” on behalf of the house, and whose task, in extending its connection, is much facilitated by the high reputation which it bears. It is impossible in this place even to summarise the contents of Mr. Carey Thomas’s scores; but it may be noted that the house has justly become famous for its excellent “Red Dragon” brand of self-raising flour, and for its celebrated “Midlothian” oatmeal in packets. It may be added that Mr. Carey Thomas is sole agent for McCall & Stephen’s “Adelphi” biscuits, for Beveridge’s pickles and fruit wines; for Buchanan’s (Glasgow) jams, marmalade, and peel, and for the Linlithgow Company’s wax candles. He is also a large direct importer of Continental produce, viz., haricots, blue peas, seeds, &c., &c.

R. W. JAMES & CO., WHOLESALE AND RETAIL SHIP FURNISHERS, AND ENGINEERS’ IRONMONGERS, OIL, COLOUR, AND VARNISH MERCHANTS,
153, BUTE ROAD, CARDIFF.

ADMIRABLY located within easy distance of the Docks, and forming an extensive block of buildings projected somewhat in the shape of an L, and occupying the whole of the south-western frontage from Bute Road to Hannah Lane, and including a portion of Hannah Street, this vast and splendidly-organised emporium, which was established in the year 1881, is still conducted under its original style and title, under the active proprietary control of Mr. Thomas Loveridge in association with Mr. Edward Ison. The main entrance to the premises indicated leads, into a spacious shop seventy feet by twenty-six feet in area, presenting well-dressed windows to both Bute Road and Hannah Street, and here may be inspected a vast assortment of most of the articles used in building and working a ship, engineers’ ironmongery of every description, and conspicuous as centrepieces, two large glass casefuls of respectively electro-plated and planished goods, suitable either for use on board ship or in the dwelling-house. The workshops are located at the rear, whilst the great basement below, which is reserved as a receiving and despatching department, communicates by means of a patent lift with the yard above, the shop already mentioned, and the three extensive warehouses which occupy the accommodation above the shop and workshops. These warehouses are perfect models of order and cleanliness, and the system of organisation developed apportions to each room a distinct line of goods. Thus passing from one to another may be seen in rapid succession complete series of hollow-ware, such as stewpans, saucepans, kettles, and the like; lamps and brass-foundry; fenders and fire-irons: glass, china, and earthenware; ships’ pulley-blocks, vices, shovels, forges, and heavy iron goods; cabin and cooking stoves; boilers and tubes; galvanised iron goods: yellow metal goods; oils, paints, and colours; brooms and brushes: tools for all trades; and stationery. All these departments are in private telephonic communication with the shop, there being four such telephones, while extra-mural communication is effected by means of the National and Post Office telephones, which afford distinct interchanges even to the distance of one hundred and twenty-five miles, to Birmingham. From what has been recorded, a fairly accurate notion of the magnitude and comprehensiveness of this undertaking may be readily gathered, and it only remains to add that the trade controlled, both wholesale and retail, throughout Cardiff and very largely amongst ship-owners and masters, is quite commensurate with the extent of the establishment, while the business in all its branches is conducted in the most masterly manner, and unquestionably reflects nothing but the highest credit upon the energy, enterprise, and talent brought to bear upon its development.

THE ROYAL STORES,
HAYES, CARDIFF.
PROPRIETORS: MESSRS. GRIFFITH, SON & CO.

FEW towns in the Kingdom have grown with the rapidity that Cardiff has. Thirty years ago it possessed but one hotel and very few shops of any size or importance, while at the present time it is exceptionally well supplied in both these respects. Among the latest additions to the grocery and provision establishments of the town are the popular and flourishing stores of Messrs. Griffith, Son & Co. These were established in 1891, and were directed with such ability, energy, and perseverance that a success was scored at once. The proprietors had had a long experience in various parts of the country in every branch of the trade. The premises occupied in Cardiff are situated in the Hayes, close to the Royal Arcade, and in the most central part of the town. They are spacious in extent, and have been eminently well arranged for the expeditious and convenient control of an extensive business of this description. They consist of a capacious shop with a window frontage of thirty-six feet, the depth of the establishment being eighty feet. The interior is arranged in a novel style, in the centre being a circular mahogany counter constructed for the sale of special bargains, and here are put on view a fresh supply of specially cheap and tempting novelties every week. Round the spacious apartment are four provision stalls, fitted up with highly polished parian marble counters and tables where are sold ham, bacon, butter, and cheese, the stocks being the finest and largest in the district. The grocery counters are on an equally fine scale. The shop is elaborately and handsomely provided with every requisite and convenience, and capitally lighted, even to the remotest corner, by means of ingeniously constructed reflectors. The cellarage at this establishment is of a superior kind, and well adapted for the storage of butter, cheese, and kindred goods during the summer months, the same temperature being kept up ail the year round. The bakery, too, is specially large, and provided with every improvement for turning out all kinds of superior cakes. The tea-bins, which have been constructed for the mixing and blending of India, China, and Ceylon teas, are on the first floor, and some idea of their size may be formed when it is known that the smallest of them will hold five hundred pounds of tea.

In addition to the accommodation at the Hayes, the proprietors possess extensive curing, smoking, and drying warehouses in Great Frederick Street, which have recently been, rebuilt on the most modern principles. The building is of four storeys, and fitted with all the very latest appliances for curing, drying, and smoking bacon and hams, which are brought up every morning to the sale warehouse in the Hayes. This is undoubtedly the finest smoke-house in South Wales. The system adopted is a marked improvement on the usual method of drying bacon and hams by the use of gas. The operation is quicker, and the bacon retains its flavour in a very superior degree. It is interesting to notice that the architects of this novel building were Messrs. Seddon & Carter, of Cardiff, and that Messrs. Shepherd & Sons, also of Cardiff, were the builders.

An extensive and increasing business is controlled, a staff of not less than thirty hands being employed under the superintendence of the proprietors. The articles handled are of the best quality, and are offered at prices which cannot be surpassed by any establishment in the country. The proprietors are men of large experience in their business and thoroughly conversant with the best sources of supply; Their selections are made from the most eligible markets in the United Kingdom, as well as from the Continent and America. The extent of their transactions give them advantages in buying, and the facilities they possess for storage and other purposes all conspire to enable them to offer best goods at the lowest prices. A leading line is made of tea, and their “Formosa” is a marvel of cheapness at 1s. 8d. per pound. The stocks include specially prepared little hams, dried hams, and the finest Waterford and Wiltshire bacon, the choicest American cheeses, English Cheddars, among which is the Belville Cheddar from the celebrated Griffith factory, Danish, Clonmel and Australian butters, &c., and we may add that this firm have sold more American and Canadian provisions in one week than any other single establishment in Great Britain. An extensive and widespread connection has been secured with the leading families in the district, and also with hotels, restaurants, and eating-houses. The proprietors, Mr. W. Griffith and Mr. T. L. Griffith, give their close attention to the business, and no effort is spared by them to maintain the uniform and high character of everything they offer, and to give entire satisfaction to customers. The partners occupy a responsible position in trade circles, and are respected in private and business life for their enterprise, fair and honourable methods, and personal worth. The senior partner has the honour of being the first president of the recently formed Cardiff and District Grocers’ and Provision Dealers’ Association.

R. P. CULLEY & CO., WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS, CATERERS AND ARMY CONTRACTORS,
EXCHANGE RESTAURANT, CARDIFF.

THIS eminent firm of wine merchants, caterers, and restaurateurs originated at the present address in the year 1887, and in the five years that have elapsed since then its business has been developed by proprietary energy and ability into one of the largest and most important concerns of its kind in South Wales. Messrs. Culley’s spacious and remarkably well-arranged restaurant occupies an area of several thousand square feet under the noble pile of the Cardiff Exchange, and is one of the recognised gastronomic institutions of the town. It is magnificently appointed and artistically decorated throughout, and some idea of the magnitude of the place may be gathered from the fact that the great hall of the restaurant is upwards of one hundred feet long, and is fitted with a fine counter bar, sixty feet in length, by the noted house of Mason’s, of Birmingham. At the south-west end of this hall there is a coffee bar, and here also is the silver grill. The principal dining-room is a large and handsomely decorated saloon, with tables capable of accommodating one hundred and fifty guests at a time. There is room for two hundred in the large hall, where twenty-eight tables are laid. As a rule, the place is patronised to the full extent of its capacity, and the attendance is generally voted to be faultless, a circumstance due to the personal supervision of the principals, or their immediate deputies. Every arrangement to promote the comfort and convenience of guests is in operation, and even the most fastidious of patrons must find satisfaction in the excellent and systematic organisation of this fine establishment. The scene presented by the great hall on any weekday between 12.45 and 2.30 P.M. is sufficient to convince anyone of the great popularity the Exchange Restaurant enjoys among prominent business men whose daily avocations call them into this part of Cardiff.

In addition to the public rooms already referred to, there are several elegantly-appointed private apartments, coffee and smoking rooms, beautifully furnished and decorated, a spacious cocoa-room, &c., &c. No expense has been spared to make the establishment one of the finest of its kind in the country. There is a large billiard-room, with tables by Burroughes & Watts and by Thurston. The kitchens are perfectly appointed, the spacious cellars contain vast stocks of the choice wines for which the place is deservedly noted. One of the unique advantages of the Exchange Restaurant is that of its being all upon the one level — stair-climbing is entirely dispensed with. The work of the restaurant is ably performed by a staff of about fifty hands, under efficient supervision; and as the firm are large general caterers, they have several carts and vans for the delivery of goods in town and country. Besides controlling this splendid restaurant, Mr. R. P. Culley directs a number of other important enterprises of a somewhat similar character. He has a highly successful restaurant in Oxford Street, London, and is proprietor of Culley’s Hotel, the principal hotel at Barry Dock, and the Refreshment Rooms at the Railway Station, Barry. He also owns a branch for the sale of wines, and a large restaurant in St. Mary’s Street, Cardiff, and is now achieving great success with his magnificent new hotel (with one hundred and fifty bedrooms) close to the famous Brine Baths at Droitwich. This hotel was fitted up throughout by eminent London firms at a cost of nearly £10,000. The unqualified success of the Exchange Restaurant, and of all Culley’s other undertakings, is a high tribute to that gentleman’s well-known geniality and professional ability. He has gained great personal popularity among his patrons, and certainly has spared no effort to merit the confidence they have reposed in him.

WILLIAM TRESEDER, NURSERYMAN, SEEDSMAN, AND FLORIST,
COWBRIDGE ROAD, CARDIFF.
TELEGRAMS: “Treseder, Florist, Cardiff.”

ORGANISED by its present able and energetic proprietor, Mr. William Treseder, in the year 1850, the commercial development of this business has been both rapid and continuous from the very commencement. In addition to the well-organised headquarters at Cowbridge Road, Mr. Treseder holds large nurseries at Llandaff, ample gardens at Whitchurch, and a beautifully-appointed flower-shop at High Street Arcade, Cardiff. There are no less than thirty-five acres of land under active cultivation, upon which are erected about fifteen well-constructed hothouses, &c., while a staff of some forty skilled hands are engaged in the various departments under Mr. Treseder’s personal supervision. Mr. Treseder operates in every branch of his comprehensive business, and periodically issues large and lucidly arranged catalogues of all his produce. One of these gives details of all kinds of vegetable and flower seeds, garden implements and manures, and other requisites, &c., while the other is devoted to a general nursery stock, in which prices are given of fruit and forest trees of every kind, roses, conifers, hardy evergreens, deciduous trees and shrubs, hardy perennial, border and rock plants, climbing plants, &c. In addition to this, Mr. Treseder makes a speciality of his cut-flower department, executing all orders entrusted to him with care and promptitude: and being a large grower of every class of flowers, is enabled to place before his patrons an almost endless variety of the choicest blooms, either loose or in the form of wreaths, crosses, bouquets, posies, buttonholes, sprays, &c., and he moreover undertakes all kinds of floral decorations, either by contract or otherwise. His business is, indeed, a remarkable example of substantial success worthily achieved, and all its affairs are administered in a manner that is well calculated to preserve all the creditable traditions of the house, and to sustain it in the public favour it has so long and so worthily enjoyed.

S. PEARCE & CO., PRACTICAL TAILORS, &C.,
7, PARK HALL BUILDINGS, QUEEN STREET, CARDIFF.

IN the list of the most promising and important of the younger commercial undertakings that flourish in the busy town of Cardiff, a leading and representative position must be assigned to the pushing and energetic firm of Messrs. Simon Pearce & Co., who carry on an extensive and prosperous trade as practical tailors at 7, Park Hall Buildings, Queen Street. This busy and thriving firm was originally established by Mr. Simon Pearce in the year 1889; and in the very brief period that has since then elapsed a very excellent general family trade in all branches has been built up, and steadily and progressively developed. The premises are situated centrally in a first-rate business position, and are very roomy and commodious, and having a handsome shop fitted with plate-glass windows. The workshops are on the premises, and a good staff of skilled and experienced workpeople is kept constantly employed in fulfilling the requirements of an influential connection both in town and country. Messrs. S. Pearce & Co. keep an excellent stock of all kinds of materials of the finest qualities and. in all the latest patterns and designs, and the interior fittings and appointments of their busy establishment are of attractive appearance and very conveniently arranged. They have a first-rate reputation for style and fit, combined with finished workmanship and durability of material, and they are very warmly and appreciatively supported by all who have once given them a trial. Mr. Simon Pearce is himself a thoroughly practical man in every branch of the trade, and possesses valuable and high-class experience, gained in the leading establishments of Reading, Bath, and Southsea. He devotes close and attentive supervision to the management of all the details of the firm’s concerns, and to his personal endeavours must largely be ascribed the undoubted success which has been in so short a time achieved.

MORGAN AND BIERMANN, PROVISION AND GENERAL PRODUCE IMPORTERS, FRUIT SALESMEN, AND AUCTIONEERS,
HOPE STREET, CARDIFF; AND AT LONDON.

ESTABLISHED no farther back than 1886, this undertaking has been managed with so much enterprise, skill, and perseverance that in the extent of its resources and the value of its transactions, it has few equals and no superiors in South Wales. The founders of this noted concern were Mr. William Morgan and Mr. E. Biermann, and to their able control the success of the business is solely due. Some short time ago Mr. Jacques Morris was admitted into partnership, that gentleman, whose attention is especially concentrated upon the fruit department of the firm, having the management of the London branch establishment which is situate at Russell Street, Covent Garden. The Cardiff premises are exceedingly large and commodious, and are among the most attractive business houses in the town. The fruit warehouse is a fine building three storeys in height, and occupying a prominent corner position with a frontage of one hundred and thirty feet and a depth of some sixty feet. The ground floor comprises a spacious auction-room and a large sale-room, thoroughly well fitted up with every requisite and convenience. The offices are on the upper floor and consist of several private rooms and accommodation for a numerous staff of clerks. Similarly convenient premises are in occupation for the provision department. A number of clerks are kept constantly employed here also, as well as a large body of warehousemen.

The firm are direct importers of various kinds of provisions — cheese, butter, lard, eggs, and tinned goods from the Continent as well as Australia and Canada, and everything they handle is well known to the trade for its high-class and reliable quality. The proprietors have graduated in every department of the business, and their selections are made from the best sources of supply, and bought at the most opportune and fitting time. They are consequently in a position not only to execute the largest orders with promptness, but also to quote prices which will compare favourably with those of any first-class house in the trade. An extensive business is done in fruit and vegetables, both as direct importers and commission agents. Their sales are always well attended and good fair prices invariably prevail. Special arrangements have been made with Spanish houses for the direct importation of oranges, onions, &c., and also with Canadian firms to supply apples and Californian fruits. The proprietors are known for the prompt and honourable way in which all settlements are made, and for the care paid to the best interests of all those who consign goods to them. The firm, too, are largely occupied in importing flour, hay, straw, moss litter, and various kinds of merchandise of a similar character. The partners are sound business men, conversant with every detail of their calling, and having an intimate knowledge of the requirements of the trade and the market value of everything they touch. They are well known in private life, and ae everywhere respected for their ability, well-merited success, and personal integrity.
Telegrams Should be addressed: “ Morgan, Cardiff.”

A. DOROTICH, TIMBER MERCHANT, STEAM. SAW-MILLS.
COLLINGDON ROAD, CARDIFF, OPPOSITE THE TAFF VALE RAILWAY STATION, BOTTOM OF WEST DOCK.
Pine Sleepers, flooring boards, deals, &c.; all kinds of joinery and turning work at the shortest notice.
Orders punctually attended to.

PROUD & HOGG, SHIPPING IRONMONGERS, PLUMBERS, COPPERSMITHS, BLACKSMITHS, AND GENERAL MANUFACTURERS,
69, BUTE DOCKS, CARDIFF.

FOURTEEN years have now elapsed since the formation of this representative undertaking by the association in business of Mr. R. Proud and Mr. J.T. Hogg, and doubtless the most effectual way in which to indicate its true character, scope, and aims would be to give a concise descriptive sketch of the establishment as it now obtains, and to supplement this with a few observations upon the nature of the operations there being carried on. The premises occupied are very extensive, and in every point of character and situation precisely adapted to the requirements of a very brisk business of the kind. They comprise a large and substantial building, most eligibly located between the Post Office and Pier Head, and appropriately divided into commodious stores, a capitally-arranged sale shop very fully stocked with an exhaustive selection of ships’ ironmongery and kindred commodities of every description, and well-ordered offices replete with every facility for the rapid transaction of business. At Dudley Place, Stuart Street, are the firm’s well-equipped works, comprising coppersmiths’ and plumbers’ shops, a large and well-arranged shop, in which several useful machines are in use, such as seven cutting lathes, boring and drilling machines, screwing machines, steam hammers, &c., all worked by one of Crossley’s fourteen horse-power gas-engines. The firm make a speciality of brass and gunmetal goods, suitable for steamers, having a good brass-foundry, capable of turning out the largest class of castings, and a staff of brass-finishers who are accustomed to this special work. Adjoining the fitting shop is a substantial two-storey building, on the ground floor of which we find a large stock of the heavier class of goods used and sold by the firm, such as brass and copper sheets, rods, and pipes, iron pipes, plates, bars and sheets, steel sheets and bars, all sizes of chain, lead, zinc, tin, &c., &c. Over the store are the tinsmiths’ and ironworkers’ departments, where ventilators, tanks, lamps, funnels, &c., are made in large quantities. On the opening of the new dock at Barry the firm decided to open a branch there. This is under the management of Mr. J. F. Proud, and has been very successful. The firm are also well known on the Tyne, having large works at North Shields.

W. EDGAR & CO., COLLIERY AGENTS AND COAL EXPORTERS, PITWOOD IMPORTERS,
BUTE DOCKS, CARDIFF.

THE above business was established in 1886 in the premises still occupied, and has been developed with notable energy, ability, and success. A name was early acquired for the reliable character of the articles supplied, and the fair and honourable manner in which all patrons are treated, and the foundation was laid of what has since become an important factor among local establishments of this kind. The partners are Mr. W. Edgar and Mr. F. Hilliges. Mr. Edgar has been in the coal trade for the past twenty-six years in Newcastle, Sunderland, and Cardiff, and has had varied and extensive experience of the trade in all its branches. The premises occupied consist of a large and well-appointed suite of private and general offices affording accommodation for an ample staff of clerks. The superintendence of the commercial department is mainly undertaken by Mr. W. Edgar. The firm has a similar establishment at Newcastle-on-Tyne. An extensive and high-class business is controlled in the exportation of coal from the Bristol Channel, Tyne, Wear, Humber, and Scotch ports to all parts of the world. The proprietors are well acquainted with all the best sources of supply, and their long connection with the trade, joined to the value of their transactions, gives them advantages in buying possessed by very few competitors. Everything supplied by Messrs. W. Edgar & Co. is of the best kind, and is guaranteed to be what it is represented both in quality and weight. All the leading sorts of coal are supplied on best conditions, special and particular regard being paid to Aberdare, Merthyr, and Rhondda smokeless steam, and the famous Monmouthshire steam coals.

The firm are largely occupied in importing pit wood of every description. The best kinds of woods used in pits are obtained direct. Sufficient stocks are kept, so that orders can be filled with promptness and every satisfaction as regards quality and price. The connection developed by this establishment is widespread and influential, and its steady but constant increase is eminently gratifying as showing how well the wants and requirements of the trade are being met. The proprietors are sterling business men, and all contracts placed in their hands are carried to completion in a thoroughly capable manner. By their fair and liberal policy, they continue to command the esteem and renewed confidence of their numerous patrons, while in private life they are everywhere respected.
The telegraphic addresses of the different establishments are, “Ragdew, Cardiff,” and “Ragdew, Newcastle-on-Tyne,” respectively.

THE COUNTY BREWERY COMPANY,
PENARTH ROAD, CARDIFF

THIS large and important brewing concern was founded in the year 1889, and the splendid brewery in Penarth Road is not only one of the structural ornaments of the town, but is also a very conspicuous object in the view of travellers to Cardiff, either by road, rail, or sea. The building is of the most substantial construction, and measures one hundred and three feet in length, fifty-two feet in breadth, and sixty-three feet in height. Above it towers a fine octagonal shaft reaching a height of one hundred and twenty feet. The whole establishment occupies an area of nearly an acre, and is undoubtedly one of the largest and best-organised breweries in the Principality. The plant is a remarkably fine one, and embodies the newest apparatus sanctioned by the experience of the trade. Nothing is lacking to ensure perfection in the product of the establishment, and the high reputation that has already been gained by the beers of the County Brewery speaks sufficiently for the completeness of the manufacturing arrangements. The Company are conducting their industry with a view not only to the development of an immense business, but also to the maintenance of the high character and quality of British beers. Water of exceptional purity and suitability for brewing purposes is an advantage possessed by this brewery, and only the best malt and hope are used, every process being carried out under highly competent supervision. The County Brewery also has splendid storage accommodation for malt, hops, and beer. There are excellent facilities of despatch and transport, and the coopers’ work is all done on the premises. Mr. Charles Callaghan, the company’s brewer, has an office where all materials and ingredients are microscopically examined to ensure their suitability for the brewing of first-class beer, nothing used at the brewery being allowed to pass without minute examination. The County Brewery Company’s average weekly output is about two hundred barrels, embracing several grades of mild and strong ale and beer, an excellent light dinner ale, fine qualities of superior bitter ale, and extra strong stout. In all these goods the high standard of purity which has marked the product of the County Brewery from the first is fully sustained. The County Brewery Company have developed a large and steadily increasing trade, with a valuable connection in all parts of the Cardiff district, and their beers are advancing daily in popular favour. The business is administered with conspicuous ability and enterprise under the personal superintendence of the principal owner and Mr. George Cross, and the concern forms one of the best examples of a first-class modern brewing industry to be met with in this neighbourhood.

T. J. WILLIAMS, CHRONOMETER AND NAUTICAL-INSTRUMENT MAKER, OPTICIAN, COMPASS ADJUSTER, &C.,
2, BUTE DOCKS, CARDIFF.

THIS business was founded in the year 1851, and has always been carried on at the present premises, which comprise a large, handsome, and finely-appointed shop, affording every convenience for the purposes of the trade to which it is devoted. Here Mr. T. J. Williams keeps a splendid stock of all descriptions of nautical instruments, opera and night glasses, astronomical and nautical telescopes, and every kind of ships’ stationery. He is agent by appointment for the sale of Admiralty charts, and is licensed by the Board of Trade to sell marine forms. Charts and sailing directions for all parts of the world will be found in his stock, together with English and foreign logbooks, tide-tables, nautical almanacks, and office requisites of every description; also agent in South Wales for Bourdon’s Own-Made Steam Gauges of all kinds and he devotes special attention to the repairing of pressure and vacuum gauges, and the testing of the same by mercurial column testing pump on his own premises. Another speciality of the business consists in adjusting iron ships’ compasses, which important work is carried out with great care and with the unerring skill and accuracy that come of long experience. Mr. Williams is agent for the celebrated compasses and navigational machines of Sir Wm. Thomson, F. R.G.S., of Glasgow; these are the most perfect and costly instruments made, and are greatly used, not only by our own Navy, but those of other nations, also many well-known American steamship companies. Mr. Williams is widely and favourably known as a chronometer-maker, and in this department he enjoys the patronage of the Admiralty. His work is of the highest class, and is done by specially skilled and experienced hands under his own supervision. Altogether, a very large business is carried on, and the house is recognised as one of the leading concerns of its kind in the port of Cardiff. It stands high in the confidence of a widespread and valuable connection, and the proprietor is personally well known to and esteemed by a large circle of customers and friends.

THE BUTE STEAM JOINERY COMPANY, STEAM SAW MILLS AND JOINERY WORKS,
DUMBALL’S ROAD, CARDIFF.

THIS representative concern was founded in January, 1892, and commenced operations under the direction of its principals, Mr. John Jones, Mr. William Jones, and Mr. J. D. Morgan, who started the business with the object of supplying all kinds of building materials to the trade. The works are admirably situated on Dumball’s Road, in close proximity to the main street of Cardiff, and have been organised and equipped upon the best modern principles. They comprise large offices, carpenters’ shop, machine-shop, turning department, &c., all possessing the best working facilities that modern machinery and a numerous and skilful staff can supply. The plant includes circular saws, planing and moulding machines, tenoning and mortising machines, band and cross-cut saws, lathes, a drum for turning square work, and various other wood-working and joinery apparatus, all of the most improved and effective type. Steam is the motive power used, and the entire equipment of the works is driven by a fine forty-five horsepower engine, the gearing and shafting being carried underground. The drying-room is over the boiler-house, and has one of the well-known Blackman patent ventilating fans. The establishment in its entirety is without any doubt the leading one in the district, and reflects great credit upon the enterprise and practical skill of its proprietors.

The timber floats on each side of the works are connected by a canal flowing through the yard, and thus cargoes of timber can be sent up both the Merthyr and the Aberdare valleys. A swing bridge has been carried over the canal, and a line of rails laid through the works and yards, communicating with a siding from the Great Western Railway. The facilities of transport are therefore all that can be desired. A powerful crane enables the staff to pick up timber from the canal with ease and expedition, and three new sheds have lately been erected for the storage of timber in seasoning. A very large business has already been developed by this energetic company, the connection among builders, contractors, joiners, &c., extending to all parts of North and South Wales, and throughout many of the intermediate districts, goods being frequently sent to the west coast. The Company contemplate adding a new department for door manufacture, and have purchased some valuable machinery for this purpose, including a sand-papering machine, a door-cramping and a sash- cramping machine, also a relishing machine, all of which machines are quite unique so far as this district is concerned. Evidence of the work of the firm can be seen at the chapel at Taibach, all pitch pine, the Board School at Barry, and elsewhere. Mr. John Jones, one of the partners, was for eleven years connected with the Pearl Street Steam Joinery Works, and he and his colleagues in the Company are well and favourably known in the district.

JENKINS, CLARKE & CO., ACCOUNTANTS, AUCTIONEERS, AND VALUERS, HOUSE AND ESTATE AGENTS,
CAMBRIAN CHAMBERS, 12, WESTGATE STREET, CARDIFF.
TELEGRAMS: “Clarke, Cambrian Chambers, Cardiff.”
LOCAL TELEPHONE No. 519.

In every great centre of commerce the departments of business undertaken by the accountant, auctioneer, and valuer are of necessity of the greatest importance to its mercantile prosperity, and in Cardiff at the present day these functions have been most happily combined in the operation of the firm whose rise and progress is here noted. This prosperous concern was originally established in the year 1870, in Trinity Street, by Mr. John Jenkins, who was subsequently joined by Mr. Charles Clarke, and afterwards removed to the present eligible premises at Cambrian Chambers, Westgate Street, to meet the requirements of their ever-increasing business. Mr. John Jenkins has recently retired, and the business is still carried on under the style of Jenkins, Clarke & Co., by Mr. Charles Clarke, who is assisted by a staff of efficient and fully-qualified clerks. The firm operate in every branch of their important business, and in addition to ordinary accountant's, auctioneer’s, and valuer’s work, hold many offices of trust and responsibility, acting as the accredited agents to the Sun Fire and Life Insurance Office, the Commercial Union, Queen’s, London and Lancashire, and the Royal Exchange Fire Insurance Companies: the Norwich and London Plate-glass and Accident; the Provident Clerks’ Life and Guarantee Associations, and the National Burglary Insurance Company — in fact, every branch of insurance business is here represented; special attention being given to large and hazardous fire risks, which, by the firm’s connection with all the large Companies, they are able to effect on economical terms.

One of the special features of the proverbial progress of Cardiff for some years past has been the conversion of several large well-known firms into limited liability companies, and the firm now under review have been largely engaged in the formation of some of the most successful of them. Mr. Clarke holds the office of secretary to the old-established Cardiff musical firm of Thompson & Shackell, Limited; the Glamorgan Bill-posting Company, Limited; the Queen’s Hotel, Cardiff, Company, Limited; the Bank Buildings Office Company, Limited; the Grand Property Company, Limited; Shackell & Co., Limited (Barrow-in-Furness and Manchester); and the Mart, Limited; and in addition to this he is secretary to the South Wales Mercantile Permanent Benefit Building Society. The ramifications of this business are so varied that it is impossible to enumerate them in the brief space at our disposal, but in all these functions it is a recognised fact that they enjoy a reputation second to none in South Wales, and the substantial success achieved, and the large business connection acquired, is unquestionably the result of their enterprise, professional ability, and straightforward business methods.

JOHNSTONE & CO., LIMITED, BUSINESS AND PARTNERSHIP BROKERS,
119, ST. MARY STREET, CARDIFF.

THE inception of this business took place in 1882, when operations were commenced under the title of Johnstone & Co., the concern being converted into a limited company in 1890, with Mr. A. Wilmshurst as managing director. During its whole career the progress of the business has been eminently satisfactory, and a good name was soon secured for the care and skill with which all affairs entrusted to them were transacted. The premises utilised consist of offices on the first floor of a large block of building, and having a conspicuous entrance at the corner of Quay Street. The interior has been well arranged and fitted up in a convenient and suitable style, the establishment affording ample accommodation for the principals and a staff of four clerks. The company are largely occupied in negotiating partnerships and transfers of established trades and businesses. The wide and varied experience the company have had in every department of their important profession, and the amount of information they have been able to collect, tabulate, and arrange for ready reference on all matters connected with the trades and trading establishments in this locality, place them in a position to render exceptional and valuable services to their patrons. Persons desirous of finding partners or of obtaining partnerships can place themselves in the hands of this company with the full assurance that everything that sound knowledge, trained judgment, and care can accomplish will be done to carry out their instructions, and that perfect secrecy will be maintained and all settlements made in a prompt and satisfactory manner.

Another branch of the business consists of the formation of joint-stock companies for taking over and developing private industries and mercantile undertakings. Many important limited companies owe their establishment to this firm’s successful negotiations. Commercial and partnership disputes are arbitrated, mortgages arranged, private arrangements between debtors and creditors procured, fire loss assessments prepared or reviewed, and trades investigated and accounts audited for intending buyers, and book debts purchased. The operations of the company are by no means confined to Cardiff or the surrounding country, but extend to every part of the Kingdom. They are constantly engaged in obtaining partners for substantial and old-established firms, as well as disposing of many valuable concerns in London and most of the commercial centres. Mr. Wilmshuret is assiduous in his endeavours to promote the interests of his clients. He is a gentleman of experience and ability and of marked skill in financial affairs. He is strictly honourable in all his transactions, and is respected and esteemed by all who come into business connection with him, and by all who know him in private and social life.

WILLIAM LEWIS, GENERAL STATIONER, BOOKSELLER, PRINTER, AND ACCOUNT-BOOK MAKER,
22, DUKE STREET, CARDIFF.

ONE of the oldest and most respected houses in the stationery and bookselling trades in Cardiff is that of Mr. William Lewis, whose representative business was founded as far back as the year 1823 by Mr. W. Bird, then holding the office of postmaster at Cardiff. The original premises no longer exist, but the present commodious establishment was built about fifty years ago. For the past thirty-five years the business has been in the hands of its present sole proprietor, Mr. William Lewis, and under that gentleman’s able and energetic management it has attained very large dimensions. The present premises in Duke Street are handsomely appointed and conveniently arranged, and the fine double-fronted shop displays to advantage a very comprehensive stock of all the goods appertaining to the trade. At the rear are situated the works, which are three storeys high. On the ground floor is the printing department, which is fitted! with the most improved modern machinery, driven by an “Otto” gas-engine. Here a great amount of work is done in all kinds of letter-press and lithographic printing for commercial and general purposes. Above the printing-room is the compositors’ room, and the upper floor of the building is devoted to bookbinding, die-stamping, and illuminating. Account-book making is here largely carried on, and Mr. Lewis has a steady demand for his excellent bank and office ledgers and other account-books. Among the special departments of this fine old business may be mentioned that for ordnance maps, Mr. Lewis being the authorised agent for these important chartographical publications in the Cardiff district. Map mounting is also largely done. The stock of books and stationery is a most exhaustive one, and altogether, this business is the outcome of years of careful, capable, and industrious management. The trade extends all over South Wales and the West of England, and the work produced in every department is of such a high standard of excellence that orders are frequently received from distant parts of the Kingdom. This is especially so in the case of account-books and office requisites, which have always held an important place among Mr. Lewis’s specialities. A large and varied stock of these goods is constantly on hand to meet urgent requirements. The staff employed is a numerous one and composed of highly efficient workmen, and the whole business is conducted upon thoroughly first-class lines under the personal supervision of the principal. Mr. Lewis became connected with this influential concern, under Mr. Hugh Bird, son of the founder, who was then proprietor, and upon that gentleman’s retirement Mr. Lewis took over the business, which he has ever since conducted with marked success. He possesses a masterly knowledge of the trade in all its details, and is much esteemed in commercial circles.
This establishment has telephone communication, the telephone number being 574.

JOHN & CHARLES SANKEY, PROVISION MERCHANTS AND WHOLESALE GROCERS,
HOPE STREET AND TREDEGAR STREET, CARDIFF.

THIS important firm originated about thirty years ago in Angel Street, Cardiff, under the auspices of its present proprietors, Mr. John Sankey and Mr. Charles Sankey. The business eventually outgrew its original quarters, and was removed about three years ago to the present address in Hope Street and Tredegar Street. The premises here occupied are among the handsomest and most substantial commercial structures in Cardiff, and comprise a fine corner block containing three floors and a lofty basement. This building is heavily stocked throughout with all descriptions of goods appertaining to the grocery and provision trade, and the establishment is most conveniently arranged to facilitate the progress of a very large and comprehensive business. Special features of the warehouse are the tea-tasting and mixing room, jam-room, and spacious butter cellars, all of which contain immense stocks. The spacious counting-house, sale-room, and buying office, together with the principals’ private offices, are situated on the ground floor. The firm’s travellers cover the whole of this district, and their goods enjoy a reputation which keeps them in large and constant demand. Messrs. Sankey have a notable speciality in a protected brand of butter called “Silver Vale.” For this article they have a great sale — in fact, butter may be regarded as a leading commodity of the business, and with it come all sorts of provisions of the best and most reliable quality. The firm are also agents for Messrs. W. & A. Gilbey, London, and have a depot in High Street, Cardiff, stocked with their celebrated wines and spirits. This is a first-class house in every respect, and its name is widely and favourably known. Its affairs are personally administered by the principals, and the sound business policy they pursue has inspired confidence and won general approval. The Messrs. Sankey are among the most prominent members of the commercial community in Cardiff, and Mr. John Sankey is a director of many public companies in the town and district.
Telegrams for the firm should be addressed: “Sankey, Cardiff”; the telephone is No. 119.

SOUTH WALES INDIA-RUBBER COMPANY,
32, WEST BUTE STREET DOCKS, CARDIFF.
MR. DRYDEN LEWIS, MANAGER.

THIS business has been established just a quarter of a century, and in that time the Company has developed a trade which has few or no equals of its kind in this part of the Kingdom. The premises occupied are ample in size and thoroughly convenient for the purposes of the business. They consist of a large shop on the ground floor, well stocked with goods of every description handled, together with a large range of workshops at the back. These have been fitted up with all the latest and most improved apparatus, plant, and machinery known to the trade, and many special appliances. The motive power is supplied by a large “Otto” gas-engine. A large and increasing trade is here controlled, principally in the manufacture of Lewis’s Patent Flexible Textile Valve, used especially for air pumps m marine engines. This invention has now been before the public for upwards of six years, and has come to be recognised among engineers as probably the best of its kind yet introduced. It has been subjected to the most rigorous tests, and its durability and efficiency have been established beyond question. It is accepted by practical engineers in nearly every part of Great Britain as the most reliable and cheapest valve in the market. In the matter of economy it is claimed that this valve is nearly fifty per cent cheaper than rubber valves, and testimonials are forthcoming which show that these textile valves have been in constant use for over three years, and have then been found in as good condition as when first put in. The special advantages claimed for these valves are:— 1, they will not crack, or break, owing to the nature of the fabric they are made of; 2, oil or heat does not in any way deteriorate their value; 3, and they keep a better vacuum than any other valve; 4, a flat guard is preferable with a short lift. Upwards of two thousand steamers use these valves, including those belonging to the most famous steamship owners in London, Liverpool, and other ports of the United Kingdom, as well as many leading foreign firms. They are also in use in many of the principal mills in the country, and in the East and the Colonies at the sugar and indigo works. The firm enjoy a high reputation for the leather and cotton belting they turn out, and for their productions as curriers and leather-dressers. A large and well-selected stock of india-rubber goods is always kept on hand suitable for marine engineering, as well as asbestos goods of all kinds. Leather (copper-riveted) ship hose is made to order or repaired on the shortest notice.
Telegrams should be addressed: “Textile, Cardiff”; and the telephone connection is Western Counties Telephone No. 102, Cardiff.

CROSSWELLS, LIMITED, ALE, PORTER, WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS,
BREWERY STORES, 11, PENARTH ROAD, CARDIFF; AND AT 1, BISHOP- GATE PARADE, COMMERCIAL ROAD, NEWPORT (MON.); ALSO 5, BRISTOL BRIDGE, BRISTOL.

THE prosperous organisation recently established in Cardiff, under the title of Crosswells, Limited, presents a representative example of those modern concerns the aim of which is to provide the licensed trade with ale, porter, wines and spirits, on such liberal terms as are available to a company controlling exceptional and unrestricted resources. The firm provide for the trade exclusively, sending out liquors of unchallengable purity and excellence and in first-rate condition. To attain these results the utmost care is necessarily adopted in the arrangement of the valuable bottling facilities possessed by the firm, and a visit to their spacious stores and accessories at Penarth Road makes apparent to the observer sufficient impressions of complete appointment to endorse the claim to noteworthiness with which Messrs. Crosswells, Limited, are now accredited. The entire space of one extensive warehouse is reserved for bottling, while another warehouse encloses the firm’s immense collection of bottled beers, stored preparatory to consignment. The operations of the firm are largely favoured by the accommodation afforded by the spacious yard in which the buildings are located, and two additional warehouses are appropriated to the storage of beers in cask. Further space is afforded in the large room adjoining the firm’s offices on the first floor of the main building, and a loft is reserved for bottled beers. The hayloft, cart-shed, and stabling indicate the provision made for a large delivery service, and the entire arrangements of the establishment tend to convey the fact that, though a recent acquisition to the trade and industry of Cardiff, the business of Messrs. Crosswells is already in a condition of splendid development.

The firm have also extensive establishments at Newport and Bristol, the respective addresses of which are given above. While supplying those noted ales of which the famous Bass takes precedence, the firm are extensive purveyors of Guinness's stout, and through them the popularity of the celebrated Showell’s ales has been largely forwarded in this neighbourhood, as well as over the still widely extending area of business which Messrs. Crosswells’s commercial operations cover. These ales - the productions of Messrs. Walter Showell & Sons, Limited, of the Crosswells Brewery at Oldbury — are largely sent out to the private trade. They include India pale and bitter ales, also mild ales and stouts; and few brewings have more permanently established themselves in public taste and appreciativeness than those to which Messrs. Crosswells, Limited, devote special consideration. The transactions of this company during its brief existence denote a rapid progress creditable to the principles adopted by its promoters, and the ability which has been brought to bear upon its management. The secretarial duties are undertaken by Mr. C. Handcock, who watches the interest of the company with discrimination; and the direction of the concern altogether manifests those features of capable enterprise in which its continued success and its greater importance in the commerce of Cardiff are already forestalled.

WATTS, WARD & CO., STEAMSHIP OWNERS, COLLIERY PROPRIETORS, AND COAL EXPORTERS.
OFFICES: THE EXCHANGE, CARDIFF.

THIS large and substantial business was founded about thirty-five years ago, under the title of Watts, Milburn & Co., at Newcastle and Blyth. Subsequently the business was extended to London, and about ten years ago the Cardiff and Newport establishments were inaugurated. This well-known firm ranks among the most extensive and important concerns in the colliery and coal-shipping trade of South Wales, and represents the late National Steam Coal Company, Limited, the late London and South Wales Coal Company, Limited, and the late Abercarn Coal Company, Limited — three notable undertakings which have recently been amalgamated as The United National Collieries, Limited. Messrs. Watts, Ward & Co. are also steamship owners upon a large scale, and have a fine fleet of twenty-five vessels by means of which they carry on their vast shipments of coal to all parts of the world. The various collieries represented by the firm are certainly among the best worked and most productive in the Principality. The “National” property yields a perfectly smokeless coal, unsurpassed for steam purposes, and produces about one thousand two hundred tons per day. Another speciality is the North Dunraven Merthyr smokeless coal, of which there is a daily output of six hundred tons. At Risca there is another colliery, turning out one thousand eight hundred tons daily of superior steam coal, and a fourth colliery at Abercarn raises one thousand five hundred tons per day, making an aggregate daily output of over five thousand tons. Messrs. Watts, Ward & Co. conduct the business from their head offices in the Exchange at Cardiff, where they occupy ten spacious and very handsomely appointed rooms, and employ a numerous staff of clerks and other assistants. Their head office for steamship management is at Whittington Avenue, London; and branches at Newcastle-on-Tyne, Blyth, Newport (Mon.), Barry, Paris, Nantes, Barcelona, Genoa, Savona, and Milan. The head of the house is Edmund Hannay Watts, Esq., J.P., and with him are associated James Williams, Esq., J.P., E. H. Watts, Esq., J.P., F.R.G.S., Henry, Watts, Esq., A. B. Ward, Esq., and F. S. Watts, Esq., all gentlemen of high standing in the trade, widely known, and greatly respected for their admirable enterprise and honourable principles.

MORRIS & SMITH, TIMBER AND SLATE IMPORTERS, SAWING, PLANING, AND MOULDING MILLS,
HERBERT STREET, OFF BUTE STREET, CARDIFF.

THE whole operations of this concern, which was established many years ago by Messrs. Batchelor, may be said to represent a large portion of the wood-working and timber trades of Cardiff. Ever since the acquisition of the business in 1879 by its present owners, its resources and connections have been enormously developed. It is the main centre of supply for an extensive circle of builders, contractors, cabinetmakers, and coachbuilders in that part of the country. Its importations from the Baltic, the White Sea, Canada, America, and other sources enable the firm to maintain large and varied stocks to suit all requirements. The mills are appointed with all the splendid facilities which modern ingenuity has made available for the work of sawing, planing, and moulding. In the several processes powerful machinery, expressly devised to serve the purposes of Messrs. Morris & Smith’s industry, is skilfully brought to bear, and an engine of some eighty-five horse-power provides the capable steam service required. The admirable situation and arrangement of the whole establishment at Herbert Street (off Bute Street) may be here noted; and of the extensive yards, sheds, and accessories which the premises comprise, especial attention is directed to the capacious drying-chamber, which provides accommodation for ten thousand cubic feet of timber at one time. An immense impetus to local industry has been given by the adoption of a new drying process, the rights of which for Cardiff and district have been acquired from the Universal Cool-Air Drying Company of London. This invention is patented, and the valuable service it has rendered to contractors, builders, and all consumers of seasoned wood can scarcely be over-estimated. The feature of this process is that it is done by cool air instead of, as formerly, by hot air and steam. It is done in a very short space of time, and is the nearest approach to natural drying known to science. The excellent mouldings for which Messes. Morris & Smith are widely noted owe their superiority to the patent drying process. The mouldings derive an enhanced value therefrom, and in this important accessory of wood-working trade a very notable evidence of progress has to be recorded. We need only add that the entire organisation of Messrs. Morris & Smith’s works conveys impressions of the careful personal oversight which the partners themselves devote to all its details; and as merchants, importers, and masters of one of the first industries of Cardiff, the firm display vigorous and progressive enterprise, appropriate reference to which cannot be excluded from the present work wherein the features of modern advancement are chronicled.

E. M. BRUCE VAUGHAN, F.R.I.B.A., ARCHITECT,
BOROUGH CHAMBERS, CARDIFF.

DURING the ten years that Mr. Vaughan has been in practice in Cardiff he has brought his name forward into the foremost ranks of architects and surveyors. It has fallen to the lot of few to meet with such continued and unmistakable success. He has executed plans for twenty-five churches, and restored seven others. Several parsonages have been designed and re-arranged, several board schools have been planned by him, in addition to other important work. A few of the buildings designed by Mr. Vaughan may be noticed as including — St James’s Church, Newport Road, Cardiff; the Welsh Church, Howard Gardens, Cardiff; Radnor Road and Grangetown Board Schools; Llanelly Hospital; Aberystwith Hospital; and Ty-To-Maen, St. Mellon’s, Cardiff, the residence of Richard Allen, Esq. Any single example of Mr. Vaughan’s designs is sufficient to show that he is possessed of talent of a high order. His buildings are models of elegance, completeness, and convenience, while the most is invariably made of the ground at disposal. Many of the churches that have been erected from his plans show striking originality in execution, and are distinct acquisitions to the architectural beauties of South Wales. The board schools are amongst the best of the kind to be found in the locality, Mr. Vaughan having amply arranged for ventilation and sanitation. All the work turned out by him bears evidence of skill and care, proving the great interest he takes in his profession. He is a fellow of the Royal Institute of Architects, and is also an experienced surveyor. The premises occupied consist of a convenient and appropriately fitted suite of offices on the upper floor of a large building at the above address — the Borough Chambers, St. Mary’s, which have the entrance from Wharton Street. Mr. Vaughan is courteous and honourable in his transactions, and occupies a high social position in the district.

J. G. MADDOX & SON, AUCTIONEERS, VALUERS, ESTATE, HOUSE, AND LAND AGENTS,
25, DUKE STREET, CARDIFF.

THIS business was established by Mr. J. G. Maddox (the senior partner of the firm) about twenty-five years ago. He has recently taken into partnership his son, Mr. George James Maddox, and the firm is now known as J. G. Maddox & Son. The premises occupied consist of a good sale room, offices, and large store-rooms. Sales by auction are constantly held at the sale-rooms, and at private residences, of estates, house properties, and every description of household goods and general merchandise. Mr. Maddox senior is agent for the De Winton Glamorganshire estates, and other properties in the neighbourhood. The business has a good and old-established connection, and is well known in Cardiff and district. Every description of insurance is carried out by the firm, who are agents for some of the leading companies. The partners are experienced in all branches of the trade, and all business entrusted to them receives their careful and prompt attention.

DANIEL & SONS, OIL REFINERS AND MERCHANTS,
8, MOUNTSTUART SQUARE, CARDIFF.

IN 1886, Messrs. Daniel & Sons, whose headquarters were formerly at 115, Bute Docks, established themselves as marine and general consulting engineers. The important commercial relations which, in this professional capacity, they created, and the special knowledge which they naturally acquired of the normal wants of steam users in the district, enabled them to begin business, in 1889, under specially favourable conditions, as oil refiners and merchants. The members of the firm are Mr. G. M. P. Daniel and his sons, Messrs. Nicholas Thomas, Frederick George, and Charles Edwin Daniel. All the partners have a thorough technical knowledge of the business, and the success which they have achieved is such as might have been anticipated from such antecedents. Their suite of offices (general and private) at 8, Mountstuart Square, are well appointed, and are provided with all the requisites for the rapid despatch of the extensive correspondence necessitated by the numerous and widely spread transactions of the house. The registered telegraphic address is “Leinad, Cardiff.”

The works and stores occupy conveniently arranged premises at Clarence Bridge, Corporation Road, which cover a large area. The works are fitted up throughout with all the appliances which modern science has provided for the saving of time and labour in the several industrial processes, enabling them to quote prices which compare advantageously with those of other leading houses in the trade. The business is conducted under the personal supervision of the junior members of the firm. Messrs. Daniel & Sons supply, in large quantities, all classes of lubricating oils, and especially marine engine and cylinder oils. They are likewise extensive dealers in colza oil, paint oils, petroleum, &c., and they also study the convenience of their customers by always holding large stocks of cotton wastes, soaps and sodas, and paints. The partners are personally well known in the best commercial circles in South Wales, and are much esteemed for the sterling integrity and liberality which characterise all their commercial transactions. Mr. G. M. P. Daniel receives most valuable assistance from his sons in the conduct of the oil business; Mr. N. T. Daniel devotes a large amount of time to his strictly professional duties as consulting engineer.

D. O. EVANS & CO., WHOLESALE PAPER, PAPER STOCK, AND FLOCK MERCHANTS, &c., &c.,
PENARTH ROAD, CARDIFF.

THE above firm do a large trade as paper merchants, and by the sale of washed wools and millpuffs for upholstering purposes, &c.; and having acquired an interest in a paper-mills and a flock-mills, to which they supply the raw materials, hold a decided advantage in disposing of these products to the consumer. Their head warehouse and offices are situated in the Penarth Road, to which the firm removed in 1891, in consequence of the growing demands upon the space at their disposal. Their present quarters comprise a very handsome warehouse, which, being newly built, has been admirably adapted to the various requirements of the business. The building is one hundred and thirty feet in length, by thirty-two feet wide, and fifty feet high, with four storeys. The ground floor in front is utilised for the purpose of the large wholesale paper trade which is conducted by the firm. The space is conveniently divided into well-appointed general and private offices, together with spacious show-rooms and stock-rooms. The remainder of the premises are utilised for “grading” all kinds of materials for the manufacture of paper of different descriptions. The various floors are so arranged as to keep all these grades separate and distinct. A large staff of experienced hands is employed in the various departments, and the aggregate of the business annually transacted is enormous.

RICHARD SLEEP, BLOCK AND SPAR MAKER, BOAT BUILDER, &c.,
WEST SIDE, WEST DOCK, CARDIFF.

THIS large and important business was founded by the present proprietor, Mr. Richard Sleep, in 1864. A well-won reputation is held for the all-round excellence of the concern which, during the enormous development that has taken place in local shipping matters during recent years, has played a very conspicuous part. The premises occupied are of great extent, and are thoroughly well equipped. There is ample warehouse accommodation; a supply of pulleys and all the requisites for carrying on an extensive business of this description are present. Each section of the trade is well arranged, so that orders may be executed quickly, There are large and valuable stocks of bar-iron, steel, ship-masts, ladders, &c., the quality of which may be implicitly relied upon. The leading speciality is in supplying the trade at wholesale prices. During the course of a year immense quantities of Mr. Sleep’s celebrated American ash boat-oars are got through, sometimes reaching four thousand. These oars are known to a large portion of the shipping community for their reliable properties, and have the preference over most of the others made. An important branch is made of steering wheels. These are kept in stock from three feet to six feet in diameter, and contain all the most recent improvements. The intimate knowledge of the trade possessed by Mr. Sleep enables him to personally conduct it with great success. His enterprise and ability have been the means of building up a large concern of vast usefulness to a port like Cardiff, and the constantly-increasing patronage accorded him is well merited. Mr. Sleep is much respected for his own sterling worth.

NOAH REES & SON, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL HAY, STRAW, CORN AND SEED MERCHANTS,
13 AND 14, WORKING STREET, CARDIFF.

THIS superior and extensive business is worthy of special mention among the great commercial industries of Cardiff. The premises add considerably to the architectural features of the town, and have a most handsome and imposing appearance. The building is of five-storey elevation, with a double frontage of seventy-one feet. The depth is fifty-eight feet. The attractive plate-glass windows are well displayed with the various commodities dealt in, and the shop interior is fitted up in a most suitable manner. At the rear is the neatly furnished counting-house. On the first floor are the hay mmd straw stores, on the second floor corn and seeds are stored, also artificial cakes. The third floor is occupied by corn and meal, and here too is a fine steam-engine of thirty horse-power for working the mills. On the fourth floor are the supplies of chaff and stocks of corn, while here are chaff-cutting, corn, and cake mills. Adjoining is a fine boiler-house. Well-ventilated stabling is provided for the eleven horses at the rear. There are in the different departments twenty-five competent hands employed, and the easy and effective manner in which even large orders are got out speaks of a well-planned organisation. The agency is held for the following renowned firms, a thoroughly representative supply of their goods being on hand: Spratt’s patent Dog and Poultry Food, Simpson’s Spice and Calf Meal, Thorley’s Food for Cattle, the Waterloo Feeding Cake for cattle, the Dublin and Wicklow Manure Company, &c. The whole of the operations are carried on under the personal control of Mr. Noah Rees and Mr. T. P. Rees, gentlemen whose enterprise, energy, and sound integrity have promoted them into the foremost ranks of the tradesmen of the district. The business was established in 1860.

THOMAS GOUGH, BUILDER AND CONTRACTOR, PLUMBER, DECORATOR, &c.,
1, CLIFTON STREET, ROATH, CARDIFF.
WORKS: 1, OXFORD STREET.

MR. Thomas Gough, of Clifton Street and Oxford Street, Roath, has been enabled to share largely in the unexampled progress which Cardiff has made since 1874, when Mr. Gough began business. In the beginning of his business career Mr. Gough’s headquarters were the establishment at 1, Oxford Street, where his principal industrial indoor operations are still carried on. In 1888, however, his contracts for plumbing, glazing, and the decoration of interiors had become so numerous that he found it necessary to open the commodious premises at 1, Clifton Street. These, which were formerly occupied as a villa residence, have been admirably adapted to the requirements of the business. They are chiefly used as show-rooms, with ample plate-glass display windows and a fine assortment of gas-fittings, paperhangings, and other adjuncts of decorative art. Mr. Gough’s relations with several of the eminent firms producing these classes of goods are so intimate that he is always able to submit to his customers the latest designs on terms whose moderation cannot be surpassed. The works at Oxford Street comprise all that is necessary for the proper conduct of a builder’s trade of the first class. There is a spacious yard with all sorts of building materials, stables, and plumbers’ and carpenters’ shops fitted up with all the mechanical appliances of modern invention for economising time and labour. The soundness and lasting character of Mr. Gough’s building work is celebrated throughout a wide area, as he has carried out, to the complete satisfaction of architects and principals, most important works at Llandaff, Canton, Cardiff, and Roath, in which latter suburb the extraordinary increase in the residential population has afforded much scope for his abilities. In the internal decoration and renovation which he executes, much artistic taste is displayed, and also a large knowledge of the most modern methods of applying practical sanitary science. Mr. Gough is personally well known throughout the district, and is held in high respect for the sterling integrity which characterises all his transactions.

WILLIAM W. NELL, LIMITED, EAGLE BEER AND PORTER BREWERY,
CARDIFF.

THIS important concern was founded as far back as the year 1846, in the same premises, by the late Mr. William Nell, and in 1871 it passed to his eldest son, Mr. William Walter Nell, who carried it on until 1889, when the magnitude and steady development of the business warranted its conversion into a limited liability company. Of this company Mr. William Walter Nell remains a director, and many of the brewery staff who were long in the service of himself and of his father have been retained by the company; in fact, we may say that the utmost good feeling has always existed between the firm and their employes during the whole time that Mr. Nell and his son have carried on this enterprising concern. Mr. Michael Fisher, who has been in the employ of the firm for about thirty-eight years, is the experienced and thoroughly practical manager, and to his courtesy we are indebted for the information here embodied. The Eagle Brewery is a large establishment, covering a considerable area of ground in the neighbourhood of St. John’s Square, and in all the details of its arrangement and equipment it displays an excellent and most complete organisation. The whole industry is carried on under the most perfectly satisfactory conditions as regards care, cleanliness, practical skill, and all other matters essential to the attainment of the best results. We need not comment at any great length upon the quality and character of the beers produced at the Eagle Brewery. Their merits are well known and their purity is widely appreciated; and they rank in quality with the best “brews” in the market.

Connected with the brewery are very extensive cellars, bottling departments, stabling, coopers’ shops, bottle-washing departments, fitted with all the necessary appliances, and in the near future several additions will be made to the premises with a view to providing still more completely for the requirements of a steadily increasing trade. In addition to their brewing operations, the company under notice carry on a very large and important trade as importers of wines and spirits, and for this department they have a spacious warehouse, the main entrance to which is in St. John’s Square, and extensive wine cellars underneath the warehouse and offices. Here very comprehensive and valuable stocks are held in all kinds of wines and spirits and the company are noted for their fine old French brandies, choice Scotch and Irish whiskies, selected rums and gins, and superior brands of port, sherry, claret, champagne, Hungarian wines, &c. There are included in this stock large quantities of rare old port and sherry upwards of twenty years in bottle, and we note also a very full stock of champagne of the excellent 1880 and 1881 vintages. Altogether this is one of the most successful and substantial businesses of its kind in the Principality, and its affairs are administered in a manner tending to fully maintain its high position in the trade, and to preserve the reputation so long enjoyed for goods of the first quality. Careful supervision undoubtedly has a great deal to do with the continued prosperity of the concern. We ought to add that the late Mr. William Nell, founder of this representative house, was for many years a prominent member of the Cardiff Town Council, and was much respected by all who knew him in business and public life.

P. BAKER & CO., IRON MERCHANTS, MACHINERY AND COLLIERY STORES SUPPLY.
OFFICE: 1, DOCK CHAMBERS; ALBION WORKS, EAST MOORS, CARDIFF.

IN our record of the rising firms in Cardiff mention should not be omitted of that thoroughly enterprising establishment of Messrs. P. Baker & Co., Iron Merchants, and Machinery Dealers and Colliery Stores, whose offices are at 1, Dock Chambers, and works at East Moors. The business has been established some seven years, and has been conducted with energy and perseverance, and the foundation stone laid of what has every prospect of becoming one of the most important of its class in this part of the Kingdom. The efficient resources of the new firm, and their ability to supply everything required in their line were speedily recognised, and a reputation acquired which has gone on increasing with every passing year. The partners are Mr. J. E. Baker, Mr. P. Baker, and Mr. Frank Jones. The Albion Works, as they are called, are situate at the bottom of East Moors, adjoining the East and Roath Docks. They are of considerable extent, and are well equipped with the newest and most improved plant and machinery. The motive power for the machinery is furnished by a powerful steam-engine, and a force of from fifteen to twenty workmen is kept constantly employed, chiefly in repairing every description of machinery, which is largely stored, and kept ready for instant requirements. In this department a large business is being done. The firm, however, are mainly occupied as iron merchants and dealers in colliery machinery. The proprietors are of long standing in the trade, and are perfectly familiar with all the best sources of supply. Engines, boilers, winches, pumps, locomotives, and all kinds of machinery are kept in stock in great variety, and orders can be filled with promptness. The firm are more particularly notable for the extensive selection of colliery machinery and requisites they keep constantly on hand, as well as for the reliable and superior quality of everything they supply in this direction. They are also sole agents in South Wales and Monmouthshire district for the celebrated portable engines, and other machinery manufactured by the well-known firm of Clayton & Shuttleworth, of Lincoln. A large and valuable connection has been established, and the constantly increasing character of the demand shows how well they are supplying the wants of their special class of customers.
The telegraphic address of the house is “Tinplates, Cardiff.” National Telephone No. 190.

ANDERSON, ANDERSON, & ANDERSON, MANUFACTURERS OF INDIARUBBER GOODS AND WATERPROOF GARMENTS,
8, QUEEN STREET, CARDIFF.

AMONG those industries in which British enterprise has secured a leading place, there is none more noteworthy than the manufacture of indiarubber and waterproof articles; and the highest modern developments of this very important industry are exemplified in the operations of the noted firm whose name appears at the head of this review. The immense business carried on by Messrs. Anderson, Anderson, & Anderson, of London, Cardiff, and Bristol is undoubtedly cue of the largest concerns in the indiarubber and waterproofing trade. The Cardiff branch was opened about six years ago, and has been highly successful in maintaining and further developing the firm’s valuable connection in Wales and the West. Large and commodious premises are occupied in Queen Street, the spacious double-fronted shop being handsomely appointed, finely situated, and in every respect well suited to the requirements of the extensive and first-class business here carried on. In the shop and the show-room beyond, the visitor is brought into contact with one of the most varied and comprehensive stocks of high-class rubber goods and waterproof articles to be met with anywhere in the kingdom, and in this interesting stock the resources of Messrs. Anderson, Anderson, & Anderson as manufacturers are fully indicated.

As our readers are generally aware, this firm are famous for their improved waterproof garments, and in these goods they have a leading speciality in which they have attained as high a point of perfection as has yet been reached. They make waterproofs for all the occasions of ordinary wear, and devote special attention to the production of military, naval, and hunting waterproofs. All these garments (in fact, everything the firm produce) are manufactured at their large factory in Bow Road, London. This factory, its workpeople, and its methods generally had the distinction some little time ago of being interestingly described in the Star (London) by Mrs. Annie Besant, who gave a most instructive account of the careful manner in which Messrs. Anderson, Anderson, & Anderson train their operatives in the various departments of their great industry. From Mrs. Besant’s account it is evident that the hands are well paid, well looked after, and thoroughly happy and contented, while the system under which they work — void as it is of the slightest tendency towards “sweating” — enables the hands to take a real interest in their work. That they do this is evident from the class of goods they turn out. Mrs. Besant’s account of these notable works redounds greatly to the credit of the firm.

A word must now be said concerning one or two of Messrs. Anderson, Anderson, & Anderson’s most prominent specialities. The two latest among these, and the most important withal, are the new improved regulation waterproof army cloak, and the regulation Admiralty waterproof. The former is the only waterproof for army officers, and is at the same time a most excellent garment for civilians. It is produced with a view to obtaining the maximum of practical utility and wearing qualities, while reducing to a minimum the necessity for repair when on actual service. This cloak has met with the complete approval of the War Office authorities, and has been adopted by them as a pattern for cloaks to be worn in wet weather by all officers. As the letter from the Horse Guards to Messrs. Anderson, Anderson, & Anderson says:— “This pattern possesses many advantages over that sealed in 1871, and it is considered to be an excellent garment.” The new improved pattern has therefore superseded that of 1871, and has been officially sealed by the military authorities. The firm produce it in many sizes and in three qualities —1, standard quality, as sealed at the War Office; 2, extra quality, of special lightness; 3, second quality, for civilian wear. The “standard” and “extra” qualities are for both officers and civilians. It is well to point out that this very superior and thoroughly economical waterproof garment has met with the flattery of imitation. Those of our readers who desire the genuine article will be able to tell it by the presence of a red seal in addition to the well-known trade-mark of Messrs. Anderson, Anderson, Anderson. The regulation Admiralty cloak is a production calling for the same high commendation as has been accorded to the army cloak. It is the result of the endeavours made by Messrs. Anderson, Anderson, & Anderson, at the request of the Admiralty, to thoroughly improve the navy cloak, and how successful those endeavours have been is shown in the fact that the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty have fully approved of the new pattern submitted to them, and that pattern has been duly sealed as the regulation Admiralty waterproof for naval officers. This cloak bears the firm’s trade-mark, but is further distinguished by a blue seal. This cloak is the best all-round waterproof for civilians that we have seen. In fact, it comprises “twenty waterproofs in one,” being adapted for such varied uses as shooting, boating, canoeing, golfing, fishing, exploring, mountaineering, ocean travel, rambling, cycling, hunting and riding, driving, evening dress, and business wear, while racing men, yachtsmen, campers, coaching men, surveyors, and all others whose callings render them liable to the discomforts of wet weather will find it invaluable. The Admiralty cloak is made in all the usual sizes, and the firm have now produced (in response to a widespread request) a “second quality,” in addition to the “standard quality.”

In these famous waterproofs an immense trade is done, both with officers of the army and navy, and with civilians. Messrs. Anderson, Anderson, & Anderson also manufacture a great variety of other waterproofs, and of indiarubbcr and waterproof goods for sporting, surgical, mechanical and domestic purposes. These are all classified and enumerated in the firm’s illustrated catalogue, and complete stocks will always be found at the Cardiff establishment, at the London depots (in St. Paul’s Churchyard, and 37, Queen Victoria Street, E.C.), and at the branches at Bristol (High Street). The firm have gained a great number of first-class awards at the leading international exhibitions, and their goods are held in the highest esteem and confidence both at home and abroad. Besides contracting for the Admiralty and War Office, Messrs. Anderson supply the India Office, the London Metropolitan Police, and the London Fire Brigade.

Their trade is world-wide, and the connection in South Wales, North Wales, and Monmouthshire is well looked after by the Cardiff branch, which is under the able management of Mr. Alexander Pringle, a gentleman who had been for seven years connected with the house in London before he came to take charge of the Welsh business. The trade done by this house is unquestionably the largest of its kind in the Principality, and, like all the affairs of Messrs. Anderson, Anderson, & Anderson’s widespread business, it Is directed with conspicuous enterprise, judgment, and commercial skill. The head of the house is Mr. James Henry Anderson, who, with his sons, constitute the firm. The senior partner takes great interest in public and political affairs, and contested the Holderness division of Yorkshire, in the Liberal interest, at the General Election of the present year (1892). He is a business man of well-known enterprise and capacity, and has always assumed an active part in the management of the important concern over which he now presides with the able assistance and co-operation of his sons.

THE promoters and proprietors of this company are Mr. B. Rowland and Mr. W. T. D. Rowland. Since the establishment of the business in 1889 they have occupied the same offices on the second floor of the Exchange. The two offices are well fitted up, and a staff of four clerks is engaged, these working under the direction of Mr. B. Rowland. Messrs. B. Rowland & Co. do a large business as colliery agents for the supply of coal for home consumption. A speciality is made of the Garth and No. 3 Rhondda Red Ash house coal, of which they sell in the district for household purposes between four thousand and five thousand tons per month. They further trade in foundry and furnace coke, and are pitwood, iron, and iron ore merchants. So as to meet the most immediate demands, and also to be well posted in the state of the coal markets (whereby customers are materially benefited), they have a registered telegraphic address, viz., “Rolan, Cardiff.” Under the excellent directorate and management of the firm a large and increasing business is done, and the thoroughly satisfactory manner in which all transactions are carried out leaves nothing to be desired.

SORENSEN, ALLUM & CO., BONDED AND FREE STORE MERCHANTS, SHIP CHANDLERS AND SAILMAKERS,
DOWLAIS BUILDINGS, WEST BUTE STREET, CARDIFF.

THE above house deserves special mention in the commercial life of the district as being the only Norwegian ship stores in South Wales. The origin of the business goes back to 1889, when operations were started, under the name of Sorensen & Co., by Mr. August Sorensen, of Fredrikshald, Norway, who brought to bear upon his undertaking a wide experience and executive ability. He was joined in partnership in 1891 by Mr. F. J. Allum, of Drammen, when the firm assumed the title at the head of this sketch. The business success has been secured from the first by the thoroughly reliable character and excellence of the goods offered, and the prompt attention bestowed upon the wants of patrons. The business has grown rapidly, and the accommodation has become insufficient, more space being required for the increased stocks, particularly in lager beer, and while we write alterations and enlargements are in progress. The premises as now occupied comprise a shop with a varied display of different kinds of stores, such as tinned goods, meats, and preserves. At the back is a large warehouse, well stocked with oils, shipping tackle, and similar goods while the extensive cellars contain tierces of beef and pork, and the upper storeys multifarious collections of canvas, ship lamps, nails, brooms, and other kinds of ships’ stores. Here is controlled a large and valuable trade, and merchants and shippers can rely upon the uniform excellence of everything offered. The specialities of the firm, for which they have obtained a well-recognised position in the trade, are Norwegian Gold Medal Punch, Norwegian Aquavit, and Norwegian Lager Beer, and other well-known Norwegian goods. Messrs. Sorensen, Allum & Co. are familiar with the best sources of supply, and their selections are made from the best-known makers in their respective lines, and are bought in such quantities as to secure every advantage in the matter of price. Patrons can, therefore, always obtain here the most reliable articles. The firm are also agents for Norden’s Copper Paint, Moller’s Life-Saving Appliances, and Schjott’s Patent Wave Subduer, all of which are leading goods in their respective lines, and are commanding large and increasing sales. All orders receive prompt attention, and no effort is spared to give entire satisfaction in quality of goods and fair and reasonable prices. The proprietors are well known in local trade circles. The success of the business is due to the partners’ experience, and they well merit the prosperity they have obtained.
Telegrams should be addressed, “Sorensen, Cardiff”; and the telephone number is 160.

J. E. GUNN, ACCOUNTANT, AUCTIONEER, VALUER, MORTGAGE BROKER, LAND, HOUSE, ESTATE, AND BUILDING SOCIETY AGENT,
WESTGATE CHAMBERS, WESTGATE STREET, CARDIFF.

THE business operations of the accountant, auctioneer, and general valuer have always been of the greatest importance and responsibility in every commercial centre. Mr. John E. Gunn some seventeen years ago formed the nucleus of this prosperous business in St. Mary Street, subsequently removing to his present eligible quarters, which comprise three handsomely appointed office, affording ample accommodation for a staff of ten well-qualified clerks, whose labours are most carefully and energetically directed by Mr. Gunn himself. Mr. Gunn’s operations embrace every branch of accountancy and auctioneering business, and take effect in a number of other departments usually associated therewith. Large auction sales of freehold and leasehold properties and farming stock, as also of other personal effects, are disposed of at frequent intervals, and every sale conducted under Mr. Gunn’s auspices is assured of a good attendance of buyers. In financial matters Mr. Gunn’s name ranks high in the profession, and he holds many important positions of trust, acting as secretary to the following notable concerns, viz., Messrs. James Tucker, Limited: Messrs. David Jones & Co., Limited; South Rhondda Colliery Company, Limited; Bevan & Co., Limited; the Mount Stuart Hotel and Property Company,Limited: Welsh Manufacturing and Wool Stapling Company, Limited; Langammarch Wells Estate and Hotel Company, Limited; Stevens & Sons (Cardiff), Limited: Royal Hotel Company (Cardiff), Limited; Cardiff and South Wales Manure Company, Limited: Cardiff Philharmonic Music-Hall Company, Limited: the Pontypool Flour Mills and Bakery Company, Limited: Messrs. W. E. Vaughan & Co., Limited: the South Wales Crown Soap and Candle Company, Limited; the Aberthaw Pebble Lime Company, Limited, &c. All classes of land, house, estate, building society, and insurance agency business is transacted, and among other work largely engaged in Mr. Gunn effects valuations, undertakes mortgage broker’s work, makes surveys, and takes inventories of stock and effects of every kind. The business is indeed in a splendid condition of development and progressive prosperity, a state in which it is well sustained by the ability and judgment that mark Mr. Gunn’s administration, and a first-class connection is maintained among private customers and business men throughout the town and county districts many miles around.

M. EVANS & CO., STEAM PRINTERS, MANUFACTURERS, &C.,
CAXTON PRINTING WORKS, TREDEGAR STREET, CARDIFF.

THIS business was established in 1856, and, consequently, is one of the oldest concerns of the kind in the town. The premises are centrally situated, and fitted with the most improved machinery, capable of high speed, and driven by a fine engine and boiler. The type in use comprises the productions of the best typefounders, suitable for all kinds of commercial, artistic, and general letterpress printing, all in excellent condition. The requirements of a modern printing office are thus fully met. There is a good staff of thoroughly experienced men employed. The work turned out is creditable in the highest degree, being bright, clean, accurate, and effective. M. Evans & Co. more particularly devote themselves to colliery, railway, and office work, for which they have been largely patronised by the principal firms in the district for the last thirty years. This class of work requires promptitude and complete accuracy, and they receive it here. General jobbing work is also executed, and plain and coloured posters. Account-books of all kinds are printed, ruled, and bound on the shortest notice, in any style. The connection is a good solid one, and is constantly being added to.

M. WHELDON AISBITT, M.I.M.E., M.I.N.A., MARINE SURVEYOR AND ENGINEER, ARBITRATOR AND ASSESSOR,
47, MOUNTSTUART SQUARE, CARDIFF.

THIS representative business was established as far back as 1879, and its progress has been of an eminently satisfactory character, fully commensurate with the ability, energy, and tact that have been spent upon it. The premises occupied are capitally located, being in the immediate neighbourhood both of the Docks and the Exchange. They comprise private office, general offices, and drawing-room, all well arranged and handsomely and thoroughly fitted up with every convenience for the control of the business. The drawing and designing room is a particularly fine apartment, spacious and well lighted, and contains various interesting and ingenious models of steamships on which Mr. Aisbitt has been engaged. A competent staff of assistants and clerks is kept, and everything placed in his hands receives his own personal supervision. Mr. Aisbitt’s long experience and special technical knowledge place him in the forefront of the profession. His survey reports can always be relied upon, and all his reports are sent out “type-written,” for which purpose type-writers are kept constantly employed. A leading speciality of the firm is that of surveying for the London underwriters, and in looking after their interests in regard to all claims for damages in this district. Mr. Aisbitt is a member of the London Salvage Association, and he is largely occupied as a salvage expert in cases of wreck. As a leading practitioner in one of the most responsible and important professions in the district, he enjoys a well- deserved and enviable reputation with all who have need of his valuable services, and in private and social life he is widely known and everywhere respected and esteemed for his many good qualities, and his constant and disinterested support of all local movements and charities.

THE CARDIFF BREWERY COMPANY, LIMITED,
CROWN BREWERY, JOHN STREET, BUTE STREET, CARDIFF.

THIS small but compact brewery was commenced in 1874, and was taken over in 1875 by Mr. George Watson, who very successfully developed it. In 1885 it was turned into a limited liability company, with Mr. Watson as chairman. The premises in John Street are substantial and well arranged. The place is taxed to its utmost capacity, and has become much too small for the requirements of the Company. It is, therefore, their intention, as soon as suitable ground can be acquired, to build a new brewery, which will be on a greatly extended scale. A considerable reputation has been gained by the productions of the Company, chiefly mild ales. These are of excellent tone, pure, and brewed under most experienced supervision. The weekly output amounts to about one hundred barrels, this being the limit of the plant and premises. Throughout the most scrupulous cleanliness is observed, and the best ingredients only are used. in addition to their own ales the Company are agents for Messrs. Salt & Co., Burton-on-Trent, and for Messrs. Davis, Strangman & Co.’s stout and porter, Waterford. There are about eight hands employed. The energetic manager and secretary is Mr. Soule, who is well assisted in his duties by a competent staff. There can be little doubt but that when the Company acquire new and larger premises they will vastly extend, for they certainly have made an excellent name, not only for quality, but also for enterprise and sound integrity.

MORTEO BROTHERS, SHIPBROKERS, STEAMSHIP AGENTS, COAL MERCHANTS, &C.,
STUART STREET, CARDIFF.

This business, which is rapidly assuming large and important proportions, was established by the present partners, Messrs. Morteo Brothers, in 1890. The conveniently situate premises occupied consist of a handsome and well-fitted suite of apartments near the Docks, arranged as private and general offices. The partners are chiefly engaged in shipping the most celebrated brands of Welsh coals to Italy and the River Plate. They have large transactions with several colliery proprietors, and have already distinguished themselves by the energetic and able manner in which they conduct their business. The firm are shipbrokers and steamship agents, and have important branches at Swansea, Newport, and Genoa; and they are also largely engaged in timber chartering. As agents for the Bank of Genoa, Messrs. Morteo Brothers are brought still more prominently before the world of commerce. They hold this agency for all the Bristol Channel ports. The members of the firm are Mr. Arthur Morteo, who has been connected with the shipping trades of Cardiff for about thirty years, and Mr. Arnold Morteo, gentlemen who, by their courteous and straightforward dealings, have gained the cordial respect and esteem of many of the chief commercial centres of the borough and district.
The telegraphic addresses are: “Morteo, Cardiff”; and “Aurora, Genoa.”

BIRD & SON, TAR AND RESIN DISTILLERS, OIL AND PETROLEUM IMPORTERS, GREASE MANUFACTURERS,
GLAMORGAN WORKS, EAST MOORS, CARDIFF.

A LARGE and important industry is carried on at Cardiff by Messrs. Bird & Son, a firm who have been engaged for the past twenty-five years in the distillation of tar and resin, the refining and manufacturing of oils and greases, and the importation of oil and petroleum. The Glamorgan Works, where the operations of this well-known house are carried, on, cover several acres of ground, and form an establishment admirably adapted in all respects to the requirements of the industry, the several departments being equipped with the best modern appliances and machinery. Employment is given here to a large staff of experienced men, and the various processes are conducted upon the most advanced principles and under thoroughly capable supervision. Messrs. Bird & Son’s goods are held in high estimation in the trade, owing to their superior quality and uniform excellence, which is undoubtedly due to the very careful manner in which they are prepared, and is the outcome of long practical experience. A good reputation having thus been so long enjoyed, the firm take every precaution to ensure its maintenance. Large and valuable stocks are held in the warehouses adjoining the works, comprising oils and greases of all kinds, together with general stores of the class required by collieries and ship-owners. They also have extensive stores on the Ely River, Penarth Harbour, known as the Imperial Wharf, where large quantities of petroleum, benzoline, and other oils of a more or less inflammable nature are stored. Both the works and the stores are in direct railway communication with all parts of the country, and the firm are thus in a position to execute all orders without delay. Messrs. Bird & Son rank among the largest importers of seal oil and petroleum in the Kingdom, and they were the first to bring these important commodities direct into South Wales through the port of Cardiff. For these and other oils they have immense storage accommodation, and always hold exceedingly large stocks, and every facility exists for the satisfactory conduct of the trade. The firm enjoy the confidence of a widespread and influential connection, and are respected by all their customers for the straightforward methods that characterise all their commercial dealings. The principal and founder of the house, Mr. Robert Bird, is a gentleman much esteemed in the district, and takes an active part in public life. He was Mayor of Cardiff in 1883-84, and is at the present time a Justice of the Peace for the borough.

STEVENS & SON (CARDIFF), LIMITED, VICTORIA WINE CELLARS,
90, ST. MARY STREET, CARDIFF.

FOUNDED over forty years ago, this well-known business has been highly successful from the first, and was converted into a limited company in 1889. The wisdom of this step has been proven by the increased prosperity and marked growth of the business during the past three years — a result to which the energy and experience of Mr. John Weaver, the esteemed managing director of the company, have contributed very largely. The premises comprise large stores on the ground floor, with cellars of the same dimensions beneath, extending right through into Westgate Street, and containing stocks of great comprehensiveness. The Company also have bonded stores at 12, Penarth Road, and 6, Canal Side, Bute Dock. The Penarth Road stores are in what are known as the Rotunda Buildings, and were opened in 1881. They are devoted to both British and foreign goods in bond, and they are among the finest cellars out of London, according to no less an authority than the Controller of Customs at Cardiff. The principal cellar is one hundred and fifty feet long by sixty-six feet at its widest point, and it is, we believe, the largest single bonded cellar in the provinces. The place is most substantially built and protected, according to the requirements of the Custom House, and it accommodates a vast stock of wines and spirits in casks, affording a striking indication of the magnitude of Messrs. Stevens’ trade. The Stores at Canal Side consist of a fine warehouse of three storeys, with a specially equipped vatting floor, and are used as bonded stores for whisky only. There is here in operation a hydraulic lift capable of raising one ton. Messrs. Stevens & Son’s three establishments in Cardiff are as perfectly organised as any we have seen in the trade, and they afford every facility for the conduct of what is doubtless the oldest and largest business of its kind in the Principality.

The Company have a wide reputation for sound quality and perfect reliability of all their goods, and they are particularly noted for several important specialities, chief among which are the “Duchess” and “Edinburgh Cream” Scotch whiskies. These high-class spirits are of remarkable purity and fine character, and have a large sale, being esteemed by connoisseurs everywhere. Messrs. Stevens & Son do an exclusively first-class trade, and no wines or spirits that are not of the most satisfactory quality are admitted into their stock. They supply everything appertaining to the trade of a high-class wine and spirit merchant, and their numerous customers include the leading hotels and innkeepers of Cardiff and the surrounding country. Farther afield, also, they have a valuable connection, extending throughout South Wales, and their travellers cover the whole of this large and important district. Mr. John Weaver, the well-known and courteous managing director, has been associated with the house since his boyhood, and for the past thirty years has had the entire management of the business. His long experience, thorough knowledge of the trade, and admirable qualities of tact and judgment eminently fit him to direct with continued success the affairs of this influential and extensive concern.
Telegrams for Messrs. Stevens & Son (Cardiff), Limited, should be addressed, “Sebastien, Cardiff.” The firm’s telephone is No. 569.

C. WAKEFORD & SONS, PRINTERS, PUBLISHERS, MANUFACTURING AND GENERAL STATIONERS,
97, BUTE DOCKS, CARDIFF.

NOT only is this the most prominent establishment of the kind in Cardiff or the district, but it can also lay claim to being the oldest, operations having been initiated as far back as 1848, by Mr. C. Wakeford, the father of the present proprietors. At his death, which happened some five years ago, the business was left to his two sons, Mr. H. S. Wakeford and Mr. R. A. Wakeford, who had been associated with him in the control for many years. The premises occupied comprise a handsome suite of private and general offices in the front, together with show-room, warehouses and stock-rooms, and a large printing works at the rear, well equipped with the latest and most improved plant and machinery, including printing machines, lithographic presses, guillotines, and paging and ruling machines, driven by a powerful steam-engine. A numerous staff is employed, and an efficient system of discipline and management is maintained in every department. Every class of work is undertaken, from the cheapest handbill to the most finished circular, but it is chiefly in the higher walks of the business that the firm have gained their splendid reputation. Invoices, programmes, menu cards, and suchlike work are executed in a very superior style. Special regard is paid to publishing pamphlets, price-books, and catalogues, the ample resources of the firm giving them many advantages in this department. The firm’s lithography is noticeable for the accuracy of the drawing and the clearness with which the effects come out, while every kind of engraving is done in a thoroughly high-class manner. Bookbinding is undertaken in all its branches, and a special feature is made of the manufacture of account-books, their productions in this line being unequalled for good material, sound workmanship, and handsome appearance. Extensive stocks are held of stationers’ goods of every description, including printing and writing papers, business and private envelopes, inks of various makers, inkstands in large variety, letter-racks, invoice-books, ledgers, memorandum-books, &c. The partners are men of large experience and of recognised skill and taste in their profession. Their personal supervision is given to the concern in its entirety, thus ensuring to customers prompt attention and uniform quality of work. They are strictly fair and honourable in their dealings, and by their liberal and straightforward policy they command the respect and continued support of all who come into business connection with them.

T. WARING & SON, CIVIL ENGINEERS, ARCHITECTS, LAND AGENTS AND SURVEYORS,
1, CHARLES STREET, CARDIFF.

FOR upwards of thirty years the house of Messrs. T. Waring & Son has occupied a leading and influential position among the establishments in Cardiff occupied as civil engineers, architects, land agents and surveyors. When the firm first commenced operations Cardiff was just beginning to develop, and with its growth the firm has kept pace. Large and commodious premises are occupied, conveniently situated at No. 1, Charles Street. They consist of a suite of six offices, well arranged for the control of business of this character. The connection acquired by the house is one of the finest in the district, many of the best-known and most influential local residents being numbered among their clients. Among other positions of trust, Messrs. T. Waring & Son are agents for Messrs. Stacey’s, Roath, Canton, and Cardiff Estates; building agents for the Roath Court Estate of Mr. C. H. Williams; building agents for Mr. J. R. G. Homfray, of Penllyn Castle, Cowbridge; building agents to Mr. Henry Lewis, of Green Meadow, near Cardiff; and also building agents to several other landowners in the neighbourhood of Cardiff. The firm also occupy the responsible position of secretaries to the Cardiff Workman’s Cottage Company, Limited, to the Cardiff Theatre Company, Limited, and to various other public bodies. They are likewise engineers to the Cardiff Rural Sanitary Authorities. Mr. Charles E. Waring, F.S.I., and A.M.Inst.C.E., the senior partner, is the appointed Surveyor to the Board of Trade. He is the recognised representative of the profession in which he is so largely engaged and is universally respected for his marked ability, disinterested public services on every possible occasion, and his strict personal rectitude.

JOSEPH A. SEDDON, MARINE AND ENGINEERING SURVEYOR,
54, MOUNTSTUART SQUARE, BUTE DOCKS, CARDIFF.

MR. SEDDON has been established in Cardiff since 1885, but prior to that his connection with the profession had been both long and valuable. For seven years he occupied a responsible position with Palmer’s Shipbuilding Company, at Jarrow-on-Tyne. He afterwards served ten years on the staff of the late Liverpool Underwriters’ Registry at London and Cardiff. During the last three years of that period he had sole charge of the Bristol Channel district, an appointment he held until 1885, when the Registry amalgamated with Lloyd’s. Since that date Mr. Seddon has been in business for himself, and to show the high position he occupies in the profession it should be noticed that he has been appointed surveyor for the British Corporation for the Survey and Registry of Shipping, Glasgow. The premises occupied in Cardiff are conveniently situated, being close to the Docks and likewise to the Exchange, and comprise two large and well-appointed offices on the first floor. Mr. Seddon’s services are in constant requisition among the leading ship-owners of the Channel ports and underwriting companies of the chief ports of the Kingdom, and everything placed in his hands is sure to be carried out in a thoroughly able, conscientious, and satisfactory manner. Whatever he undertakes receives his close personal attention, and as a consequence, the utmost confidence can be placed in him. He is a member of the Institute of Naval Architects. He has designed several merchant vessels of the best class for British firms. In every department connected with the profession. Of the marine and engineering surveyor Mr. Seddon has gained a high reputation, and the success he has attained is the well-merited reward of his conspicuous ability, energetic business habits, and upright and honourable dealings. During last August and September, Mr. Seddon was engaged along with others in the raising of the ‘ss. Fedele Primavesi,’ which, was sunk by an accident in the Roath Dock early in August, and the salvage operations were most successfully carried out.

HOWARD DAVENPORT & CO., RAILWAY-WAGON CONTRACTORS AND COLLIERY STORES MERCHANTS,
135, BUTE STREET, CARDIFF.

THIS extensive business was founded in 1888 under its present title, and its operations embrace the supplying by contract of railway wagons and of all railway and colliery stores. The firm are agents in South Wales for the following manufacturing concerns of world-wide reputation:— The Lancashire and Yorkshire Wagon Company, Limited, Heywood; the United Asbestos Company, Limited, London; the Asbestos Fireproof Paint Company, Birmingham: H. & S. Barker & Co., Railway Wheel Works, Mexborough. The productions of all the above-named firms are supplied through the medium of Messrs. Howard Davenport & Co., and very large stocks of asbestos, steam packings, oils, paints, and other stores are held in the firm’s extensive warehouses in Bute Street. At this address also are the general offices of the house, presided over by Mr. Howard H. Davenport, the managing partner. Mr. Davenport is a gentleman of very comprehensive experience. For upwards of twelve years he was manager for the Metropolitan Carriage and Wagon Company, at East Moors, Cardiff, and quitted that position to found the business here under notice. His energy and activity have developed a very extensive trade in a comparatively short space of time, and Messrs. Howard Davenport & Co. are now largely employed in building new railway wagons, financing rolling stock, and supplying colliery and engine stores for an influential and widespread connection in various parts of the Principality. The business in its entirety is in a flourishing and progressive condition, which is entirely due to Mr. Davenport’s enterprise and unremitting personal supervision.
Telegrams for this firm should be addressed, “Buffers, Cardiff.”

JOHN NORMAN, CANTON CARRIAGE AND WHEEL WORKS,
MARKET ROAD, CARDIFF.

IN CONNECTION with the carriage-building industry in South Wales, no house enjoys a more creditable reputation than that of Mr. John Norman, whose large and admirably-organised works rank among the representative industrial establishments of Cardiff. Mr. Norman commenced his business in the year 1868, and his fine establishment in Market Road is the result of the steady growth and prosperity of his trade. The premises are very large and of substantial and handsome build, and they have a main frontage of about one hundred feet, with a rearward depth of nearly three times that distance. Comprising in one spacious block a splendid set of show-rooms and a number workshops of workshops of specially complete equipment, the Canton Carriage and Wheel Works afford every facility and convenience for the large and superior business to which they are devoted. Every department of the industry is fully exemplified on the premises by Mr. Norman’s own numerous and highly-efficient staff of workmen, and in the show-rooms the visitor will always find an unsurpassed display of carriages of all kinds, Mr. Norman’s output comprising every kind of vehicle intended either for business or pleasure. Thus he is equally well known and reputed for his stylish private carriages, broughams, phaetons, victorias, dog-carts, &c., and for his omnibuses, hansoms, breaks, carts, trollies, wagons, and vans. All these vehicles are specialities of the house, for each type receives the utmost possible care in construction, and is tamed out in the highest style of design, workmanship, and finish. Mr. Norman is famous for his elegant productions in light traps of various kinds, governess cars, Battlesden cars, Manchester and Rutland carts, &c., and his heavy vehicles for all business purposes are greatly esteemed for their strength, durability, and good appearance. By the judicious use of a valuable plant of the best modern machinery, Mr. Norman is prepared to turn out first-class and highly-finished work at prices which can compete successfully with those of any other house of good standing in the trade. The best materials are invariably used, and particular attention is given to the wheels, which Mr. Norman makes from carefully- selected and thoroughly-seasoned wood. There is always a large and varied stock of carriages and other vehicles held on the premises in readiness for immediate delivery. Mr. Norman has a large timber-yard adjacent to his factory, in which he holds many thousands of feet of first-class timber in log and in plank, oak, ash, and elm being the principal woods. Employment is given at these busy works to no fewer than fifty or sixty skilled and experienced workmen, and Mr. Norman’s resources, large as they are, are often fully taxed to meet the pressing demands of his immense business. He has a wide and valuable connection in the best private circles, and also does an extensive business in supplying wheels to the trade. Mr. Norman is a thoroughly practical man, and personally supervises all the operations of his trade, no order being executed without receiving a full share of his careful attention. He is a master of his craft in all its branches, and has worthily gained a position of high distinction in an industry in which the United Kingdom leads the world. Despite the heavy demands made upon him by his constantly-growing business, Mr. Norman does not attempt to shirk any of the public duties which naturally fall to the lot of a good citizen, and he undertakes his share of the administration of the poor laws by acting as a guardian for the Canton district, where he is well known and greatly respected.

H. CAMBRIDGE, M.I.M.E, CONSULTING ENGINEER AND SURVEYOR,
12, MOUNTSTUART SQUARE, CARDIFF.

MR. H. CAMBRIDGE established himself professionally in Cardiff in 1880. He now holds a leading position amongst the members of his profession in South Wales and the West of England. The handsomely appointed public and private offices occupied are provided with all the requisites of modern device for conducting with despatch the large amount of professional and commercial business which has to be transacted. An efficient staff of assistants, under the immediate supervision of the principal, perform the more or less routine work of the office. All important matters come under the immediate notice of Mr. Cambridge himself. His professional connection extends throughout the whole of the district, where he is well known and highly esteemed in the highest commercial and industrial circles. Mr. Cambridge’s business responsibilities have grown with the unexampled growth of the community of which he is an eminently honoured member. He is a member of the Institute of Marine Engineers, and superintending engineer for the following eminent ship-owning firms:— Messrs. James Ware; Hurley, Matthews & Co.; Blindell Brothers & Co.; J. T. Short & Co.; and E. R. Keer & Co. Mr. Cambridge is, likewise, the agent for the Uskside Engineering Company, of Newport (Mon.). In all these different capacities, his energy and professional skill find ample scope for their exercise.
The registered telegraphic address of the firm is, “Engineer, Cardiff.” The telephone number is 29.

J. D. COLEMAN, CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST,
158, CASTLE ROAD, ROATH, CARDIFF.

DURING the short period this superior business has been established it has made most satisfactory progress. It was founded by the present sole proprietor, Mr. J. D. Coleman, who is a chemist by examination, in 1891. The shop has a handsome double plate-glass front, affording abundant light to the interior. The furnishings and fittings are neat and refined, and the establishment has about it a thoroughly prepossessing appearance. Mr. Coleman has become noted for the purity of the drugs and chemicals he supplies, these having been carefully selected from the leading houses, and are of one standard quality of excellence. He deals very heavily in all kinds of patent medicines of tried value, also in many valuable proprietary goods. The miscellaneous part of the stock is made up of the thousand and one articles pertaining to a business of this kind, and of these there is not a more carefully selected stock in the district. There are many delicacies in perfumes, fancy soaps, &c.; also the best toilet requisites, articles for the nursery, teeth, &c. Mr. Coleman personally gives his attention to the dispensing department, and it is here that his skill is more particularly exhibited. He has gained the public confidence by the accurate manner in which he makes up all kinds of prescriptions, family recipes, &c., using the very best ingredients only. His innate courtesy, and the careful attention he pays to each individual customer, have brought him the cordial respect of a large portion of the community by which he is surrounded.

JOHN F. P. COMMON, M.INST.N.A., M.INST.MECH.E., &C., NAVAL ARCHITECT, ENGINEER, SURVEYOR, AND TECHNICAL REFEREE,
4, BUTE CRESCENT, CARDIFF.

MR. COMMON commenced business in this direction in 1882, but prior to that he had had a long and exceptionally valuable experience in the practice of his profession. Extending over a period of eighteen years, he occupied the distinguished and responsible post of Surveyor to the Liverpool Underwriters’ Registry for Iron Vessels, and fulfilled all the arduous duties connected therewith with conspicuous success. During the time he has been established in business on his own account he has developed a widespread and influential connection. A reputation has been secured for the able manner in which all affairs intrusted to him are carried out, and for the honourable methods which characterise all his transactions. He is also extensively occupied in surveying and assessing accounts for repairs, a department for which he is particularly adapted both by experience and special skill. He superintends the construction and repairing of all classes of vessels, including their machinery, boilers, and equipment, and gives reliable advice on all matters relating thereto, and from his extensive connections and thorough experience in every department he is in a position to carry out all business placed in his hands in a capable and satisfactory manner. In all matters affecting ships and shipbuilding his judgment is of great weight, and his services are eagerly sought as technical assessor and referee. Mr. Common has recently been appointed Surveyor to the Germanischer Lloyd for the Classification of Vessels for the British Channel and South Wales district. Mr. Common is well known among his professional brethren, and is held in the highest esteem for his marked ability and conscientious method of discharging his business. In private and social circles he enjoys the respect of all who know him for his independence of thought and personal rectitude.
The registered telegraphic address is “Common, Cardiff.”

BASKER & CO., HIGH-CLASS MINERAL-WATER MANUFACTURERS,
TUDOR ROAD, CARDIFF; ALSO AT BRIDGWATER AND PLYMOUTH.

THE firm of Messrs. Basker & Co., of Tudor Road, Cardiff, and also of Bridgwater and Plymouth, claim, with reason, to be “high-class” mineral-water manufacturers. Though only in the seventh year of its existence, this firm has created a most valuable and substantial business connection. The exceptionally good quality of all the productions of Messrs. Basker & Co. may be largely accounted for by the high technical qualifications of the members of the firm. The senior partner, Mr. J. Anthony Basker, is an accomplished professional analyst who is entitled to add the honourable initials, F.C.S., to his name, while the junior, Mr. F. Shepherd, has had many years’ experience in all departments of the business. It is rarely, if ever, that one meets with such a combination in the members of a mineral-water manufacturing firm, and the result is the exceptional confidence which the numerous customers of Messrs. Basker & Co. repose in their manufactures. The premises in the Tudor Road are admirably adapted to the requirements of the business, and the machinery and mechanical appliances employed are of the most approved modern type, having been manufactured by the Riley Manufacturing Company: the machinery is driven by an eight horse-power gas-engine of recent construction. A large and efficient staff are employed in the various departments, while many carters, horses, and spring wagons are regularly employed in delivering goods throughout a wide area. The various specialities which have made the reputation of the firm are prepared with filtered water, and in silver-lined condensers, so that metallic contamination is entirely avoided. Messrs. Basker & Co. manufacture, in large quantities, soda water, potash water, lithia water, quinine, seltzer water, lemonade, ginger beer, ginger ale, orange champagne, and gingerine, all of the highest possible quality. It is found that, taking the demand for the different classes of the firm’s productions one with another, it varies but little throughout the seasons.

MANZANOS, CRISTOBAL & CO., COAL EXPORTERS AND PITWOOD IMPORTERS,
BUTE CRESCENT, DOCKS, CARDIFF.

THE partners in this notable concern are Mr. Pedro Manzanos and Mr. Miguel Cristobal, both gentlemen of large and varied experience, who by their unremitting endeavours during the last twenty years have built up a business which is a credit to them in every respect. An extensive business is controlled in exporting coal, chiefly to the Spanish ports. The proprietors are well acquainted with all the best mines, and their selections are such as always give satisfaction to their customers. The extent of their transactions gives them advantages in buying which they freely share with their patrons, and they possess every facility for filling large orders with promptness. Another important branch of this business consists of importing pit timber of every description. Their supplies are obtained from Spain and France. A good business is being done in this direction, and one that is continually increasing. The proprietors by their integrity have gained the esteem of a widespread and influential connection. They occupy a good position in the trade life of the locality, and wherever they are known are respected for their ability, courtesy, and personal uprightness.

JOHN SHEARMAN & CO., ENGINEERS, BOILER-MAKERS, COPPERSMITHS, &C., AND GENERAL SHIP REPAIRERS,
BUTE DOCKS, CARDIFF.

THIS thriving and eminently representative concern was originally founded by Mr. John Shearman about five years ago in the above premises, which consist of large fitting-shop, boiler-makers’ shop, and smiths’ shop, with extensive yards and stores, and a fine suite of well-arranged offices. The works are of the dimensions of about three hundred and fifty feet by fifty feet, and upwards of one hundred and twenty picked workmen of special skill and capacity are employed, in addition to an efficient staff of clerks. The machinery is of the most approved modern construction, and the plant generally is exceedingly complete and well-ordered. In addition to the above-named departments there are extensive shipwrights’ and joiners’ shops, and in these trades a very large business is done. Messrs. John Shearman & Co. are noted for their first-class and thoroughly sound, finished, and reliable workmanship, as well as the undoubted excellence of all the materials employed, and they enjoy the implicit confidence and substantial support of a very large and influential connection, and they stand very high among the first houses of the kind in the Kingdom. The greatest care and attention are devoted to the smallest of matters, and, on the other hand, Messrs. John Shearman & Co. are in a position to undertake and successfully carry through any contracts in their line, no matter how large. Active part in all the details of the business is taken by Mr. John Shearman, who is a practical man, thoroughly acquainted with every branch of the trade. He is very well and favourably known in commercial circles, and is universally esteemed and greatly respected.

PENN & CO., STEAMSHIP CONTRACTORS,
THE EXCHANGE, CARDIFF.

THE headquarters of this important concern are centrally and conveniently located in well-appointed offices in the Exchange, and the firm have been established for about fifteen years, during which they have steadily and progressively increased and developed the scope and extent of their transactions with uniformly satisfactory results. Their operations consist chiefly in the negotiation and execution of important contracts for the construction of steamers and the purchase and sale of new and second-hand steamers and sailing-ships. They are also agents for the eminent firm of Messrs. Harnis & Pearson, of Stourbridge, and are represented with much energy and fidelity by Messrs. Penn & Co., doing a thriving and important trade in clay goods, such as retorts, bricks, furnace finings, glass-works, tank blocks, and other specialities in bricks. The telegraphic address of the firm is “Despatch, Cardiff.” Messrs. Penn & Co. have a very widespread and influential connection of old standing, by whom they are held in high regard and supported with much appreciative cordiality. They bear a very high reputation as keen and energetic business men, thoroughly versed in all matters connected with the shipping trade, and possessing valuable judgment and experience. They are regarded with the most implicit confidence by all with whom they have dealings, and are personally greatly respected and universally esteemed.

WILLIAM THOMAS & CO., SHIPWRIGHTS AND BOAT-BUILDERS,
WEST AND EAST BUTE DOCKS, CARDIFF.

THIS large and important business has held a position of considerable prominence in and around Cardiff since 1865, in which year it was founded by Mr. William Thomas. On the retirement of the founder in 1887, the present proprietor, Mr. Thomas Diamond, trading as Messrs. William Thomas & Co., succeeded to the concern. The premises are admirably situate, being between the West and East Basins. They reach considerable dimensions, and are equipped with all the most recent improvements and appliances. There are neatly furnished offices, large and well-laid-out workshops, sheds, and timberyards, the whole presenting a very compact and prosperous appearance. The yards contain an extensive stock of special timbers for ships’ repairs and refitting, as well as for boat-building, &c.; also a large stock of ash oars and hickory hand-spikes, stores of all kinds for general outfit, with a large assortment of blocks and sheaves. Repairs in this establishment are executed on the premises by practical men. The great increase in the importance of Cardiff has been taken full advantage of by the enterprising head of this notable concern, and numerous branches, indispensable to shipping, are entered into with a vigour and thoroughness that stamp the place as one of the first of the kind in the locality.

Special attention is paid to shipwrights’ work and boat-building, also to the making of masts, spars, &c. All kinds of shipsmith’s work is promptly executed, as well as ship-joinery. An important department is made of properly securing iron cargoes, specially experienced men being employed, this doing away with the danger of the cargo moving. An important branch, too, is the executing of all kinds of dry-dock work, relays of hands being maintained for the purpose of insuring despatch. The ordinary staff numbers about thirty, but when special orders are under way, this number is increased up to one hundred and thirty. Mr. Diamond, who has a thorough practical knowledge of all the details, personally superintends all the operations. He is constantly receiving large commissions, and the way in which he executes them invariably adds to his reputation and connection. Thoroughly honourable, and of a genial disposition, he worthily holds the esteem and regard of all having transactions with him.

PRIOR & BAILEY, WHOLESALE STATIONERS, PAPER MERCHANTS, PRINTERS, LITHOGRAPHERS, ACCOUNT-BOOK MAKERS, FANCY GOODS DEALERS, &C.,
CUSTOM HOUSE STREET, CARDIFF.

ORGANISED fifteen years ago by the association in business of Mr. Frederick T. Prior and Mr. F. J. Ferris Bailey, the firm came to Cardiff about ten years since. The commercial development of the concern has been both steady and continuous. The premises occupied are extensive, and precisely adapted to the requirements of a business of the kind. They comprise a substantial heavily stocked warehouse, the ground floor of which is admirably appointed as a general retail department, in which a very superior stock of goods is held and displayed, including plain and fancy stationery of every conceivable kind, account-books and office requisites, stationers’ sundries, and, in short, every item incidental to a thoroughly typical stationer’s emporium of the best class. At the rear are the convenient and well-equipped printing offices, fitted with modern machinery and appliances, and here the firm operate on a large scale as general letterpress and lithographic printers, rulers, account-book makers, bookbinders, &c. They are also printers and publishers of several magazines and other works. In the wholesale section of their business, moreover, they act as paper merchants, stationers, and as direct importers of the better class of foreign fancy goods incidental to their business, their trade being actively promoted through the agency of travellers, covering & district of about fifty miles from Cardiff as a centre. Both partners are gentlemen of extended experience in connection with the important branch of business to which their attention is now so vigorously and successfully directed, and their administrative policy has been such as to continuously promote the prosperity of their house by strengthening its influential connections, and fully sustaining the confidence in which it has so deservedly been held throughout the trade.

GRIFFITHS & JAMES, CONSULTING ENGINEERS AND MARINE SURVEYORS,
MERCHANTS’ EXCHANGE, CARDIFF.

MESSRS. Griffith & James Lave been established in Cardiff since 1879, as consulting engineers and marine surveyors, and the combined professional ability and business aptitude of the two members of the firm, Messrs. J. E. Griffiths, M.I.M.E., and E. C. James, have created a valuable business connection. Mr. Griffiths is a member of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, and has applied his technical acquirements in an especial degree to the subject of marine engineering. The firm undertake a large amount of business on behalf of several of the leading ship-owners in the port, in superintending the contraction and repairs of steamships. They are engineers and nautical assessors to the local Marine Board, and are frequently consulted as experts in marine casualty and reference cases. The firm have much more than a purely local reputation among electrical and pumping engineers as the patentees of an improved expansion rotary engine, for generating high speed and working up to three thousand revolutions a minute. The business premises of the firm comprise a well-appointed suite of general and private offices at 2, Bute Crescent, furnished with all the modern appliances for facilitating the rapid despatch of business. Their registered telegraphic address is, “Griffwill, Cardiff.”

Messrs. Griffiths & James are personally well known throughout the best commercial circles in South Wales, and are much esteemed for the sterling uprightness of all their transactions in their professional capacity. The partners of the firm have a large clientele as consultation experts and arbitrators between coal-owners, ship-owners, and merchants in cases of dispute as to the quality of coals, and they report in these cases both in English and Continental ports.

ELLIOT & JEFFERY, ENGINEERS, BOILERMAKERS, WOOD AND IRON STEAM TUGBOAT BUILDERS, &C.,
CARDIFF ENGINE WORKS, BUTE DOCKS, CARDIFF.

THIS large and successful engineering and tugboat building industry was founded about a quarter of a century ago by the present firm, and has become one of the principal concerns of its kind in the port of Cardiff. The premises occupied cover a large area of ground at Bute Docks, the situation being a highly advantageous one in every respect, and the works comprise a great range of substantial and commodious buildings, arranged as smithies, engineering shops, and other departments, and specially equipped throughout with the best modern machinery for their several purposes. As general and marine engineers, boilermakers, and builders of high-class tugboats, Messrs. Elliot & Jeffery have long maintained an eminent reputation. Their resources in these lines of industry are of a very superior character, and they are justly noted for their improvements of construction, as well as for the sound materials and first-class workmanship they put into all their productions. This firm are, moreover, surveyors of steamships, machinery valuers, and arbitrators, for which important branches of business they possess the special qualifications that are the outcome of long and thoroughly practical experience. Messrs. Elliot & Jeffery are also owners of the well-known steam tugboats, ‘Earl of Dumfries,’ ‘John McConnochie,’ ‘Thomas Collingdon,’ ‘Bulldog,’ ‘Sir W. T. Lewis,’ and ‘Elliot and Jeffery.’ The firm enjoy the favour and confidence of a wide and valuable connection, having always served their customers well and conscientiously, and no concern in the same line of operations at Cardiff has a better record for good work and fair dealing.

ALFRED ELLIS, NURSERYMAN, SEEDSMAN, AND FLORAL ARTIST,
ROATH ROAD, CARDIFF.

MR. ALFRED ELLIS, of the Roath Road Nurseries, projected his undertaking in the year 1872, and has developed a business of such magnitude as to be able to-day to cater adequately for the whole town. His carefully ordered premises have now been occupied for a period extending over sixteen years. The premises comprise a large handsomely constructed show-house, most tastefully arranged throughout to hold and display a grand collection of palms, evergreens, ornamental foliage plants, graceful ferns, and phanerogams from all parts of the world, all of which are cultivated to perfection, while in addition to this are sixteen spacious glass-houses for the cultivation of plants and seeds of every kind, and a wide expanse of land for open-air gardening. As a seedsman Mr. Ellis periodically publishes a select price-list of carefully tested vegetable and flower seeds, which ought to find its way into the hands of every lover of horticulture; but it is as a floral artist that he particularly excels. He fashions, to order or otherwise, all kinds of buttonholes or sprays, bridal and bridesmaids’ opera and ordinary bouquets, baskets of floral decorations, cut flowers, tube and serviette flowers, flowers for table decorations, ball and banqueting rooms, churches and other public buildings, flowers for the decoration of ladies’ fans and attire, wreaths and memorial crosses, and the like. In each instance, if so desired, the sprays, baskets, bouquets, &c., can be made up of flowers to suit the colour of the costume, or to symbolize any special occasion or function, and all such orders entrusted to his care are executed in the highest style of art, with despatch, and at the lowest possible prices. He employs a large staff of skilled gardeners and floral artists, and is ultra-careful in packing, so as to guarantee the receipt of his floral combinations in all their pristine beauty, however distant their destination may happen to be. The business is certainly one of the best of its kind in the Principality, and no one could have won by more honourable and legitimate means the high reputation and widespread patronage which Mr. Ellis has so long and so deservedly enjoyed.

E. TAYLOR & CO., STEAMSHIP AGENTS,
BUTE DOCKS, CARDIFF.

AMONG the steamship agents in the Bristol Channel ports a prominent position has been held for the past seventeen years by Messrs. E. Taylor & Co., whose name is well known in connection with steamers sailing between Cardiff and Belfast, Glasgow, and Greenock. Messrs. Taylor occupy commodious and conveniently situated offices, on the second floor of the Merchants’ Exchange building, and act as agents for a line of steamers which affords probably the cheapest route for goods from Cardiff to the North of Ireland and to all parts of Scotland. The principal vessels of this line are the screw steamships ‘Tweed,’ ‘Medway,’ ‘Solway,’ ‘Avon,’ and ‘Severn,’ all fast-sailing and well-appointed steamers, with superior accommodation for goods of all kinds. These vessels are also admirably fitted for carrying a certain number of passengers each, and are largely patronised by travellers, tourists, and business men, the fares being very moderate, and the accommodation excellent. Guide-books (free), issued by the firm, give particulars of very enjoyable and economical circular tours via London and the East Coast, and also of tours to the Giant’s Causeway and Antrim coast Belfast, and to the West Highlands via Glasgow. The vessels sail from the East Bute Dock basin on Mondays, and from Belfast to Cardiff (direct) on Saturdays. The sailings from Glasgow to Cardiff via Belfast are on Fridays. Return tickets are issued available for two months, a convenience greatly appreciated. Messrs. E. Taylor & Co. manage the business at Cardiff with great ability and energy, everything being personally supervised by Mr. E. Taylor, the principal of the firm, whose long experience enables him to cater very successfully to the requirements of the numerous merchants and shippers who avail themselves of the excellent service of steamers he represents.
Telegrams for this firm should be addressed “Clyde, Cardiff.” The telephone number is 152.

PASCAL BERNASCONI & CO., SHIP CHANDLERS AND MERCHANTS,
1, PIER HEAD CHAMBERS, DOCKS, CARDIFF.

THIS business is distinguished as being among the oldest of the kind in Cardiff, having been established over twenty years ago by Mr. Pascal Bernasconi, trading under the above title. On the decease of the founder, which took place about twelve months ago, the business was taken over by his nephew, Mr. Thomas Piffaretti, who continues it under the old title. The premises occupied are conveniently situate, and have a ground measurement of thirty-five feet by one hundred and thirty feet. The premises are divided into a handsome and capitally appointed shop, sale-room, offices, warehouse, &c. The continual scene of activity going on speaks of the extent of the transactions of the firm, and on every side orders are being rapidly executed, a competent staff of hands being employed in each department. Everything in the way of ship chandlery and provisions is on hand in any amount of variety and of the most superior quality. Although this business is regarded as one of the first of the kind in the district, the enterprise of the firm does not end here, for there are important branch stores in Dudley Street and at 94, Dock Street, Newport (Mon.). The business is under the supervision and direction of Mr. Piffaretti, and the manner in which he rules at the head of this large commercial enterprise is ample demonstration that he is possessed of a large amount of ability and knowledge of details. His courteous demeanour causes him to be highly esteemed and respected.

ALFRED FREKE, PHOTOGRAPHER, PICTURE-FRAME MAKER, AND FINE ART-DEALER,
THE STUDIOS, 12, DUKE STREET, CARDIFF.

IN a work specially descriptive of the rise and progress of leading commercial houses of Cardiff a special mention must be made of the business of Mr. Alfred Freke, of Duke Street, which has attained the foremost position in its particular branch of trade, and in its operations reflects the greatest credit on its originator for the skill and industry by which it has attained its present position. Founded about twenty years ago in Bute Street, by its present proprietor, the business progressed, and was subsequently removed about twelve years since to the present central and commodious premises in Duke Street, where it has been further developed, and has been eminently successful up to the present time. On removing to Duke Street, Mr. Freke, in addition to his well-established business as a photographer, commenced that of picture-frame making, and dealing in fine arts, and owing to his careful attention to detail, and enterprise, he has built up an extensive connection in every branch of his trade. The premises occupied in Duke Street are admirably adapted for the business, comprising a large and handsomely fitted double shop, with an office at the rear. On the first floor is a suite of four rooms, including well-furnished reception room, containing fine specimens of enlarged portraits of Colonel Morgan, O. H. Williams, Colonel Page, and other leading men of the district, with splendid photographs of the mayors of Cardiff, and many of the nobility and gentry of South Wales. Amongst numerous commissions executed for the Marquis of Bute and Lord Windsor may be mentioned the lifelike portraits of Sir Joseph Barnby and others taken direct, the negative measurement being twenty-four inches by twenty inches. Other specialities to be here noticed are portraits in oil, beautiful watercolours on opal, enlargements in crayon and carbon: also photographs of Llwynfid Colliery, four feet in length, which were sent to the Paris Exhibition, the Park Hall, and artistes at the Cardiff Musical Festival in September, 1892, for which the firm were highly complimented.

Adjoining are two dressing-rooms, well fitted with every requisite, and most conveniently arranged. The studio is built out of the main building, and is large and well lighted, admitting of photographs being taken from either end, and contains the newest apparatus which can be procured; there is a spacious dark-room adjoining the studio where several assistants are employed. On the second floor of the building is another suite of four rooms, comprising retouching-room, varnishing-room, drying-room, and fitting-up room. The printing is carried on in a specially constructed room at the rear of the premises. Some idea of the extent of the business may be gained from the fact that here are stocked and catalogued over fifty thousand negatives, all of which can be referred to for repeat orders. Adjoining are the framing works, which are spacious and well lighted, and consist of separate workshops for joining, gilding, and fitting-up, fitted with the best appliances used in the trade, and including machines for planing heavy moulding.

Amongst the numerous artistic frames designed by the firm may be noticed a speciality in the Florentine frame, most beautifully gilt in English gold; also a very handsome frame, with festoons of flowers and fruit, and when gilt is certainly most attractive. The renovating, cleaning, re-framing and re-gilding are all carried out in the best style, and the firm are noted for excellence of workmanship in this department. We next come to the picture-gallery, which has been specially constructed with top light, and is stocked with one of the finest collections of engravings, in the artists’ proof state, after Meissonier, Millais, Edwin Long, Sir Frederic Leighton, Rosa Bonheur, Dendy Sadler, and many other celebrated artists too numerous to mention. Mr. Freke has also frequently exhibited the important works of Sir Noel Paton, Edwin Long, Herbert Schmalz, &c., including “Vigilate et Orate,” “The Choice,” “Anno Domini,” “The Return from Calvary,” and many others. In the main shop will be found every requisite for the artist and the amateur, comprising Winsor & Newton’s and Rowney’s oil and water colours, mathematical instruments, scales, drawing papers, easels, drawing boards, studies, &c.; also a large assortment of fancy articles for painting on. In the Studios and workshops about twenty skilled hands are constantly employed.

It is well known that during the last twenty years photography has made enormous advances in the variety and beauty of its productions, and a great amount of skill is required to keep pace with all the modern improvements, and the constant introduction of novelty. The house now under notice has shown itself capable of keeping pace with all the requirements of a very extensive and high-class connection, and its proprietor has frequently been complimented from all parts of the country on the beauty of his productions, and the satisfaction given to his patrons by the manner in which their commissions have been carried out. Mr. Freke is widely known and popular with a large circle of influential patrons and friends.

J. HARRIS & SON, SHIP AND HOUSE PLUMBERS AND BRAZIERS,
46, JAMES STREET DOCKS, CARDIFF.

THIS business was established in 1862 by the present senior partner. After having conducted it for over a period of thirty years, and with most satisfactory results, he took his son, Mr. F. J. Harris, into partnership. This decision has proved of the greatest advantage to the firm. The shop has a frontage of thirty feet, and extends to a depth of forty feet, with workshops and stores at the rear of nearly the same dimensions and proportions. All work is done on the premises by an efficient staff of skilled workmen, and is carefully supervised by one or other of the partners. In addition to ship and house plumbing and brazing, the firm are iron, copper, brass, and tinplate workers. Further than this, they have gone deeply into the practical study of sanitary work, with a due regard to a perfect ventilation system in connection therewith. All the newest inventions in the way of sanitary fittings for patent closets, lavatory basins, &c., &c., for house, ship, or offices will be found here, and all thoroughly reliable. All work is done in a high-class and first-rate fashion, and there is not the slightest doubt that the firm are rapidly going to the front and establishing for themselves a high repute.

JENKINS BROTHERS, CIVIL, CLERICAL, MILITARY, AND NAVAL TAILORS,
101, ST. MARY STREET, CARDIFF.

THIS business was originally established at No. 5, Customhouse Street, in 1885, under the above title. A few years ago a removal was made to the present handsome premises, which are beneath the Young Men’s Christian Association. The handsomely decorated frontage rises to a great height, and is one of the prominent architectural features of the town. The shop has lofty single plate-glass front, and is approached through an excellent entrance. The window display is entirely in character with the building, and is neat and refined. The interior is fitted and furnished with excellent effect, and in perfect order. The stock of high-class cloths include a liberal selection of West of Englands, Welsh, Irish, and Scotch tweeds, broadcloths, serges, tweeds, and special materials for the naval and military services. Being patronised by the elite of the town and the districts surrounding, everything is of undeniable quality. The cutting out is entrusted to skilled artists, who are versed in the very latest methods of scientific cutting, as now adopted by the mogt fashionable firms in the West End of London. The cutting-rooms are at the rear of the premises, the tailoring part being done at the workshop. No. 8, Quay Street, by a competent staff of the best repute. In addition to catering in a superior and intelligent manner for the wants of the gentry, the clergy, and naval and military officers, a thoroughly well founded reputation is held for the graceful and perfect garments turned out. Close attention is also given to all kinds of liveries. Mr. John Jenkins, who is the sole proprietor, continues to trade under the title of Messrs. Jenkins Brothers, and in catering for a wealthy and distinguished clientele, does so with perfect success and with unostentatious courtesy.

GEORGE BIRT, WHOLESALE GROCER AND PROVISION MERCHANT,
HOPE STREET, CARDIFF.

MR. GEORGE BIRT founded his extensive business as a wholesale grocer and provision importer about seven years ago, his first establishment being in Gladstone Street. In 1886 he removed to his present address, where he has found satisfactory accommodation for his large and increasing trade. These premises were originally two separate warehouses, but Mr. Birt bought them and converted them into one large establishment to suite his special requirements. There are three spacious floors with a basement, and the warehouse contains every convenience to facilitate the handling of goods, communication between the several floors being maintained by a hoist running from bottom to top. The counting-house and the private offices occupy the ground floor in part, and the rest of the building is devoted to the storage of goods. Mr. Birt holds one of the largest and most varied stocks of groceries, provisions, and Continental and Colonial produce in the district, and his establishment has separate rooms for teas, sugars, rice, and other commodities which enter largely into the trade. His list of specialities is an unusually comprehensive one. The business in its entirety is one of the very best concerns of its kind in Cardiff, and is personally managed by Mr. Birt, whose sound practical experience and well-known energy have enabled him to rapidly attain a leading position in the trade with which his name is now so prominently associated. He has within the last few months made a great alteration in his terms of trading, which has been a great success, and caused considerable increase in the volume of his trade.

The following is a copy of a circular letter he has sent to his customers and others in South Wales:— THE DEMAND OF THE TIMES. Alteration in the terms of business. George Birt, Wholesale Grocer and Importer of Foreign and Colonial Produce, Hope Street, Cardiff, desires to thank his numerous customers for past patronage and to inform them and the retail grocery trade generally, in South Wales, that after careful consideration he has decided to make an alteration in his terms of trading. In future all goods will be sold at the lowest minimum profit on actual cost for nett cash in seven days, which he is convinced will be greatly to the advantage of the purchaser and seller. The age for long credit and large profits is past. THE DEMAND OF THE TIMES is short credit and small profits. As he is a direct importer of provisions, sugars, &c., &c., and also a cash buyer, this new nett cash system with its freedom from bad debts, enables him to give the full benefit thus derived to his customers. Two price lists will be issued weekly, a sundry list, and a provision and canned goods list, which will contain quotations based upon the seven days nett cash system. By looking carefully through the price list buyers will be able to see the advantages accruing to them by tins modern system of trading. All country orders will receive personal attention and be placed free on rail or boat in Cardiff.

E. FENNELL & SONS, FISHMONGERS, POULTERERS, LICENSED DEALERS IN GAME,
114, QUEEN STREET, CARDIFF.

IT is now upwards of forty years since this house commenced business at Newport, where its establishment in High Street holds a leading position. On the retirement of Mr. E. Fennell, the founder of the business, two brothers took the Newport shop under their charge, and Mr. A. G. Fennell assumed control of the Cardiff house, which has been advanced to the front rank of the trade by his energy and ability. Thus the two places are practically distinct and separate, though the firm-name of E. Fennell & Sons is still retained by both. The premises in Queen Street, Cardiff, comprise a spacious and handsome shop, specially fitted up for the requirements of the trade, and kept in a state of perfect order and cleanliness. Here is always to be found a large and well-selected stock of fish, poultry, and all game in season, and the establishment has worthily acquired an eminent reputation for the choice quality of everything it supplies in these important lines. Messrs. Fennell also manufacture ice on an extensive scale at their works at Newport, and in this department do a large trade, supplying hotels, families, and other consumers in all parts of the town. In its entirety this business is of a distinctly first-class character, and its connection is developed among the leading residents of Cardiff and the district generally. We may also add that Messrs. Fennell own very extensive salmon fisheries at Goldcliffe, situated seven miles from Newport, and which have been in the family for about twenty-five years. Mr. Fennell personally superintends everything in connection with the establishment and its steadily-growing trade, and his long experience and sound practical knowledge of his business enable him to cater for the requirements of his large and influential clientele in a thoroughly satisfactory manner.

J. R. WOOD, PRACTICAL OPTICIAN,
4, CASTLE ARCADE, HIGH STREET, CARDIFF.

MR. J. R. Wood inaugurated his present thriving concern some ten years ago in Castle Street, and subsequently entered upon his present eligible premises upon the opening of the Castle Arcade. Mr. Wood won his laurels as a scientific optician of the highest order of merit by long and faithful service as a manager in the world-famous house of Messrs. Negretti & Zambra, of London. It was he, moreover, who initiated the optical business in Great Malvern, of Malvern glass celebrity, so that he came to Cardiff with brilliant credentials, and has ever since taken the lead in its optical trade as the only practical scientific optician in the town. His premises comprise an elegantly appointed shop, augmented by a special sight-testing room at the rear, and a photographer’s dark-room. The shop is heavily stocked with a thoroughly representative selection of optical goods in the way of spectacles and eyeglasses, reading and burning lenses, telescopes, microscopes, &c., philosophical and mathematical instruments, &c. In the spectacles department Mr. Wood’s name has already become famous throughout the Principality for his axis-cut periscopic pebbles, whereby all flaws are excluded, and these are specially ground by experts for his use. In purchasing spectacles Mr. Wood thoroughly tests the purchaser’s eyesight, providing exactly the variety of glasses calculated to strengthen and preserve the vision, and supplying glasses to suit each eye, so as to make them co-ordinate correctly. Even in the matter of frames he sees that his customers are accurately fitted, so as to ensure the maximum of comfort, and devotes as great attention to the requirements of persons purchasing a 3s. 6d. pair as to those who are prepared to pay their guineas. In addition to his optical business Mr. Wood does a very substantial trade as a dealer in cameras, lenses, dry plates, chemicals, &c., for photographers, and as an expert manipulator gives free lessons to purchasers of apparatus, to whom also he affords the use of his well-equipped dark-room, already mentioned, gratuitously. His business in all its branches is in a particularly flourishing condition, and all its affairs are administered upon principles which have won for him the confidence and liberal support of a very large and influential clientele.

GEORGE HUTCHINSON STANIFORTH, CUTLER,
6, CHURCH STREET, CARDIFF.

THIS busy and prosperous concern was originally founded by the present proprietor as long ago as the year 1864, and is the principal grinding business in South Wales, having been from year to year developed and consolidated with satisfactory and progressive success. The premises consist of a roomy and commodious shop fitted with a handsome plate-glass front, and neatly and attractively appointed and arrayed for the effective display of a large and comprehensive stock of all kinds of cutlery, the selection of which betokens evident judgment and experienced knowledge of the trade. Mr. Staniforth also undertakes all the usual business connected with the trade of a working cutler, and he gives special attention to the repairing of table and pocket knives, while the work of grinding is conducted on the premises upon a large scale with the auxiliary aid of a powerful gas-engine. He has a first-rate name for the high-class thoroughly reliable quality of all the articles he supplies, as well as for the finish and general excellence of workmanship. He is warmly and substantially supported by a valuable and influential connection in the district, not only of Cardiff itself, but a wide area round the vicinity. Mr. Staniforth is a thoroughly practical business man, possessing long experience and an intimate knowledge of every branch of the cutlery trade, and he is much looked up to in commercial circles by all who have the advantage of his personal acquaintance.

GEORGE JENKINS, WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANT,
COLBOURNE HOTEL, CATHAYS, CARDIFF.

AMONG the most popular and noteworthy of Cardiff’s hostelries may be specially noted the Colbourne Hotel at Cathays, a large and comfortable house which has for some years been conducted with conspicuous success by Mr. George Jenkins. The present proprietor first assumed the reins of management here in the year 1888, and having quickly established himself as a general favourite, with an extensive and high-class connection among visitors to Cardiff, he has since steadily increased and developed the popularity of his excellent house. The Colbourne Hotel is a large and substantial circular-fronted building of attractive appearance, constructed of red bricks, and having a frontage of somewhat over two hundred feet from end to end. There are three entrances to the conveniently-arranged bars and buffets, and five to the hotel itself, admitting also to the very comfortable billiard-room, a handsomely-furnished apartment provided with a fine table by the well-known firm of Messrs. Pottinger, of Bristol. There are six bedrooms, the house being mainly frequented by guests who have been accustomed to make it their headquarters when in Cardiff for a number of years regularly. There is also a roomy and commodious club-room, affording seating accommodation for one hundred and twenty persons, and mention must not be omitted of the capital stabling, which is in every way on an equality with the high-class and complete character of the house in all other respects. Mr. George Jenkins has a capital cellar selected with the judgment and discrimination of a veritable connoisseur, and he does a very busy general trade as a wine and spirit merchant. He is personally an active and energetic business man of the highest standing, and while he enjoys a high reputation in commercial circles he is no less esteemed and respected in the intercourse of private friendship* and acquaintance.

GEO. A. SECCOMBE & CO., FANCY DRAPERS AND SPECIALISTS IN DRESSES, MANTLES, AND MILLINERY, &C.,
45, QUEEN STREET, CARDIFF.

AFTER a period of about fifteen years of sound practical experience as conductor of a similar business in Liverpool, Mr. Geo. A. Seccombe opened his present establishment in Queen Street on the 5th March, 1892, and has already achieved such a brilliant success that he now finds employment for a staff of fourteen efficient assistants, and no less than seventy workers in the various departments represented. These include, in addition to a high-class fancy drapery section, well-organised departments for dresses, dress-making, family mourning, mantles, millinery, and ladies’ outfits, for each of which none but skilled and experienced hands are engaged, the whole of the work produced passing under the critical supervision of the proprietor. The premises occupied present a singularly attractive double-fronted series of tastefully-dressed show-windows to the important commercial thoroughfare in which they are fortunately situated; while within doors everything is arranged with a view to the prompt service and general convenience of patrons. Each department is replete with the latest and most fashionable novelties in its line, and each has its array of special features, affording exceptional advantages to purchasers. Show-rooms are provided for ladies’ costumes, mantles, and millinery, and workrooms beyond, where a staff of accomplished modistes are busily engaged in the production of modes and robes illustrating the newest Paris and London fashions. The operations of the business cover a very wide and comprehensive area, and the admirable organisation of the whole establishment speaks highly for the careful attention bestowed by Mr. Seccombe upon the administration of a business which, offers every assurance of a bright and prosperous future career.

MARSH & CO., GENERAL FUNERAL FURNISHERS,
80, ST. MARY STREET, CARDIFF.

ORIGINALLY projected under the style of J. Marsh, in the Bute Road, in the year 1858, this representative institution can claim to be the oldest-established, as it certainly is by far the largest and best-organised, concern of its kind in Cardiff, its present talented proprietor, Mr. James Marsh, being indeed the first to form a complete undertaking establishment in the district. The premises comprise a well- appointed suite of offices in St. Mary Street, where all orders are booked, and promptly attended to, and of extensive stabling and coach-houses, with twenty-five boxes, and accommodation for forty fine funeral horses in Rawden Mews, Rawden Place, Canton. Attached to these mews are large workshops, elaborately equipped with planing and sawing machines driven by a powerful gas-engine, and calling into active requisition the services of a large staff of skilled and experienced hands for coffin-making and coachbuilding. The firm operate upon strictly equitable principles, undertaking the provision of everything necessary for the complete conduct of funerals, including attendance, and employing, to use their own terms, those persons only whose conduct shall be such as to render the performance of the solemn funeral duties alike delicate, decent, and, although economical, respectable. Their tariff of ordinary charges is divided into six classes for adults and a separate series of charges for children, and all these charges are inclusive. Mr. Marsh himself attends to supervise every funeral, or is represented by a thoroughly competent deputy. The trade controlled is one of very considerable volume, and is patronised by all classes of the community, and all the affairs of the business are conducted in a manner which has won for Mr. Marsh the confidence and esteem of all those who have had the privilege of his acquaintance.

D. ANTHONY & CO., ROYAL DRUG STORES,
89, ST. MARY STREET, CARDIFF.

UNRIVALLED for position, foremost in reputation, this famous house, under the experienced direction of Mr. David Anthony, takes its place in the front rank of pharmaceutical enterprises. The foundation of this well-known emporium was laid some thirty-five years ago, and passed into the hands of the present proprietors in 1870; it is therefore one of the oldest established businesses in Cardiff. During this period the management has been characterised by a keen appreciation of public requirements, attended by a systematic endeavour to meet those requirements in a prompt and satisfactory manner. Situate, as the pharmacy is, in the centre of a busy town, and occupying, as it does, such a commanding position, the demands made upon its resources are necessarily great; but, great as they are, so ample is the stock, so able the staff, so admirable the system, that the pressure and strain of a great business is fully and easily met. Skill, tact, energy, and order can do wonders. The premises of the Royal Drug Stores are extensive and arranged with an eye to the quick and easy despatch of business. The shop itself is handsomely fitted with everything necessary for carrying on a pharmacy of the very highest class. The stock is of a most comprehensive description, including drugs, chemicals, perfumes, toilet requisites, surgical appliances and specialities, all of first quality and in amazing variety. The drugs supplied from this store have ever been noted for their unvarying purity and excellence. The dispensing department is under the immediate personal superintendence of the firm. By their system of checking prescriptions, errors in dispensing are rendered impossible, and the public guarded against the slightest danger. Messrs. Anthony & Co. having also had considerable experience in Continental pharmacies, dispense foreign prescriptions at very moderate charges.

Among the specialities there are some preparations manufactured by them which have attained a world-wide celebrity; such, for instance, is a mixture called “Liverina.” The name of this preparation to some extent explains its use; as a cure for biliousness, flatulency, indigestion, and all disorders of the stomach and liver it is absolutely without a rival. Their “Spa Saline” has earned a great reputation as a corrector of acidity, feverishness, constipation, and other digestive ailments. They have also an extraordinary demand for Dr. Moor’s gout and rheumatic mixture. This famous prescription, dispensed for many years by Messrs. Anthony & Co., is now patented by them and sold under the Government stamp; the action of this medicine in cases of gout or rheumatism is said to be something astonishing. Another great favourite with the public is Anthony’s syrup of wild cherry, the quickest remover of coughs and other chest affections ever known. Their compound syrup of hypophosphites, too, is much sought after by sufferers from debility and consumption, and Le Rois’ Blood Elixir also sells well for poverty and impurity of the blood. As an external application for sprains, bruises, and stiff joints, Le Rois’ baumolina is in very great demand. Anthony’s quinine and camphor pills are a wonderful cure for headache, toothache, or neuralgia, and an excellent general renovator in cases of nervous debility and bodily weakness. If only taken in time they never fail to check influenza, and cut short colds or hay fever. Messrs. Anthony also turn out splendid samples of orange quinine and pepsine wines: sufferers from dyspepsia should make a note of this.

The stock of perfumery and toilet requisites at the Royal Drug Stores is remarkably extensive and elaborate. Among so many articles of first-rate quality, it must seem a difficult matter to award the palm of merit to any particular invention, yet there is a test and a fair one too, by which the relative superiority of some specialities may easily be determined; this test is public approval, and the amount of this approval may be gauged by the extent of the demand for the favoured article. For this satisfactory reason Messrs. Anthony & Co. are enabled to point out several specialities in this department for which the demand is exceptionally great. Among them we first notice “Savalina,” a beautiful cream for the hair; it is neither greasy nor soapy, the freedom from which is a great advantage in goods of this description. This preparation imparts a gloss and brilliancy to the hair attainable by no other means; it is considered the very “prince” of hair restorers, nourishing and promoting its growth in a really marvellous manner. Among hair-dyes that prepared by Messrs. Anthony & Co. yields to none in producing a permanent and perfectly natural colour. Queen of toothpastes is “Yum-yum,” famous everywhere for giving a dazzling whiteness to the teeth, and clothing the breath with fragrance. This elegant requisite is contained in a handsome pot, embellished with a charming portrait of the most fascinating of the “Three little Maids from School,” in ‘The Mikado.’ Those who desire a really good soap should obtain the “Star cream soap,” manufactured specially for the Royal Drug Stores; this soap cannot fail to please the most critical, it is absolutely pure, delicately perfumed, and exercises a most beneficial action upon the skin, while its very moderate price brings it within the reach of everyone. Anybody having lost a good complexion can have it restored by applying to Messrs. Anthony & Co. for a bottle of Albanian balm. This unique production of the chemist’s magic art invests the most faded skin with more than its pristine beauty, and restores lost complexions to their disconsolate owners. An elegant and necessary adjunct to the toilet-table is Dr. Abernethy’s eucalyptus smelling bottle. In all cases of catarrh, headache, or sudden faintness these bottles prove a great boon; they are delightfully pungent, deliciously scented, and most useful for cutting short unwelcome fits of drowsiness.

It would be impossible to enumerate here a single tithe of the agreeable and serviceable specialities to be found at the Royal Drug Stores, and even if we could do so, the limited time and space at our disposal would do them but scant justice. There is, however, one topic more upon which it is necessary to say a few words, and this is upon the subject of wines. From their knowledge of the great Continental wine markets, Messrs. Anthony & Co. have hitherto failed to understand why good sound wine should be sold at such an extravagant price; moreover, as it frequently came within their province to advise sick and delicate persons as to the class of wine they should take, it finally occurred to them to adopt a means whereby a really good wine could be obtained in Cardiff at as low a price as it is sold on the Continent. This desirable end was reached by accepting the agency for Antonio’s Italian wines. Being, therefore, at the present time in close and constant communication with the best sources of supply, they can offer wine at a price hitherto unheard of; in fact, at the very same price as is paid for an inferior and probably adulterated specimen of British wine. It is needless to say this has proved a great boon, not only to those who are taking wine medicinally, but also to the general public, who now can participate in a benefit which was formerly the almost exclusive privilege of prosperous persons. The wine supplied in this department of the Royal Drug Stores is pure juice of the grape, imported from Italy and the South of France, and bottled on the premises. By this means all the middleman’s profits are entirely done away with, and these good wines reach the consumer almost at first cost. These fine ports, sherries, and clarets are not fortified by the addition of alcohol; they are in a perfectly natural state and come direct from the grower. They are now sold as low as one shilling per bottle, a marvellous price, considering what is usually paid.

The “Royal,” as conducted by Messrs. Anthony & Co. is a drug store in the truest and widest sense of the term. It comprises within its limits not only the professional skill of the duly qualified chemist, but also the business tact, commercial insight, and ability to move with the times so characteristic of the commercial world. These qualifications have insured for Messrs. Anthony & Co. a most gratifying result in the past, and form the basis of an undoubted increasing success in the future.

HENRY THOMAS, DOMESTIC AND MANUFACTURING MACHINE DEPOT,
ST. JOHN’S CHURCH SQUARE, CARDIFF.

THIS business is the oldest of the kind in Cardiff, having been established over a quarter of a century. The head depot is at the above address, and is situate opposite the church. The premises consist of a fairly large shop, with a spacious plate-glass front. A most effective display is made of sewing-machines, knitting- machines, washing and wringing machines, children’s carriages, mailcarts, &c., all of the best material and workmanship. On the first floor are the fitting-rooms, where all kinds of repairs to machines are promptly executed. At the rear is a commodious warehouse and packing-room, and there is also ample basement accommodation for storing reserve stock. The selection of the machines named is such as to meet any requirement and almost any purse. Every machine is thoroughly tested before it leaves the premises. Excellent terms are offered to cash purchasers, and for deferred payments the terms are equally favourable. Mr. Thomas is the sole agent for Cardiff and district for Messrs. Bradbury & Co.’s famous machines. He keeps a complete stock of accessories, all kinds of fittings, and silks, cottons, and threads by the best spinners. He is also the sole agent for the new Harrison patent knitting-machine, which gained a triumphant award at the Paris Exhibition; also for the “Eclipse” knitting-machine, manufactured by Shepherd, Rothwell & Hough, of Oldham, said to be the most effective machine in the market, and which obtained a gold medal (London) 1885. The washing, wringing, and mangling machines combined in one are most worthy of the attention of those who desire economy in labour, saving of clothing, and perfect cleanliness. All mangles and washers are fitted with the new patent mangle board holder, and better value could not be found. There are all the latest novelties and improvements in bassinettes, mailcarts, and children’s carriages, light, strong, and handsome. There are two important branches, one at 62, Taff Street, Pontypridd, and the other at 34, High Street, Treorky. Mr. Thomas conducts his business on sound and honourable principles, and owns the confidence of a large and influential clientele.

W. C. CHICK, ANGEL HOTEL POSTING AND LIVERY STABLES,
WESTGATE STREET, CARDIFF.

THIS is one of the largest and oldest businesses of the kind in Cardiff, having been established over half a century. Originally it was owned by the proprietor of the old Cardiff Arms, now the Angel Hotel, who continued to conduct it up to 1886, when it was taken over by the present proprietor, Mr. W. C. Chick. The premises are in a central position in Westgate Street, and are very extensive. The stables afford accommodation for fifty horses, which are taken in by the day or week at moderate charges. The stables are admirably arranged, sanitation and ventilation being carefully looked to, while the health and comfort of the animals are made matters of close study. There is a large yard, and there are commodious coach-houses. In the latter there is a first-class collection of modern vehicles, well-built, of good design, and in really admirable order. Private carriages, busses, brakes, hansoms, &c., are supplied on the shortest notice, while open and closed cabs are always ready. Contracts are entered into for the letting of horses, traps, wagonettes, &c., either by day, week, or longer periods, and steady and reliable drivers only are kept. The establishment has long been the recognised resort of all those desiring a good “turn-out” on reasonable terms. In all parts of the town Mr. Chick is spoken of with respect, while the courteous and attentive way in which he attends to all matters of business bring him ever-increasing Iatronage and support. He pays special attention to bait horses.

JAMES R. POWELL, CONSULTING ENGINEER AND MARINE SURVEYOR,
PIER HEAD CHAMBERS, CARDIFF.

MR. POWELL has been for many years established at his present address, where he occupies offices, and has long and valuable experience and intimate practical acquaintance with every branch of his profession have enabled him to secure the appreciation and confidence, as well as the cordial and substantial support, of a very large and influential connection, especially in circles interested in shipping matters. He has one of the oldest businesses of the kind in Cardiff, a port which has, of late years, been rapidly rising in prosperity and importance; and his professional training and natural business acumen have, on many occasions, enabled him to render invaluable services to firms who have from time to time entrusted their interests to his unwearying and conscientious care. In matters connected with shipbuilding and engineering Mr. James R. Powell is universally recognised ma a foremost authority, and great reliance is placed upon his technical knowledge and sound judgment, his decision in professional matters once given being invariably accepted as final. Mr. James R. Powell is widely known in Cardiff and the Bristol Channel ports, and bears a good reputation as a sound business man in every way to be depended upon in professional matters, while in his private and personal relations he is alike respected and esteemed by all who enjoy the privilege of his personal friendship or acquaintance.

W. C. CLARKE & DOVEY, CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS,
31, QUEEN STREET, CARDIFF.
Telephone No. 579.

ORGANISED as far back as the year 1863, this prosperous concern has, since the decease of its senior partner, Mr. Courteney Clarke, in 1889, been conducted under the sole proprietary control of Mr. Charles Edwin Dovey, F.C.A., under its original style and title as above designated. The premises occupied consist of a private gentleman’s residence converted into a suite of offices, and afford every accommodation for the transaction of a large and steadily increasing business, which may, with every justice, be stated to stand as one of the leading concerns of the kind in Cardiff; and in support of that statement it may be mentioned that, in addition to acting as auditors for a large number of the leading companies and private firms in South Vales, Messrs. Clarke & Dovey have represented the sheriff of the county for the past five-and-twenty years. Altogether, a staff of fourteen well-qualified clerks and others is constantly employed under the personal direction of Mr. Dovey, who undertakes the investigation, adjustment, balancing, and auditing of books and accounts with a careful accuracy and despatch that have won for the firm the confidence and support of a very large and influential clientele. No house could have won by more honourable methods the eminent reputation and distinguished position which this firm has so long and so deservedly enjoyed.

JOHN ROSSER, MINING AND CIVIL ENGINEER,
2, DOCK CHAMBERS, CARDIFF.

MR. JOHN ROSSER established himself professionally at the above address in 1890. For about twenty years prior to that date Mr. Rosser had been a colliery manager, and although his services were much sought after in that capacity, he decided to devote himself exclusively to the exercise of his profession as a mining and civil engineer. Being possessed of an influential personal connection, he speedily found himself entrusted with important commissions, and a steady and remunerative professional business found its way into his offices. As a mining engineer he has been very successful, and his experience, ingenuity, and resource have been of the utmost service to not a few mine owners and lessees in this neighbourhood. It should be added that Mr. John Rosser is a gentleman most highly esteemed in his profession, and greatly respected by his clients and in general commercial circles.

IMPERIAL HOTEL,
MOUNTSTUART SQUARE DOCKS, CARDIFF.
MR. THOMAS PRICE, PROPRIETOR.

This is not one of the latest results of commercial enterprise in this district, but is an hotel with a sound reputation of close upon forty years’ duration. The Imperial is admirably situated in a convenient and desirable part of the town, and is decidedly attractive from an architectural point of view. The premises are ample in size, and the various departments are arranged with every regard to the accommodation and comfort of patrons. There is a large and imposing entrance hall, with handsomely fitted-up bar on the ground floor, together with a spacious grill-room, which is every day between the hours of 12.30 and 3 p.m. thronged with something like a hundred diners. There are no less than fourteen separate tables in this department, which in the case of dinner parties or banquets can be placed together and will thus afford accommodation for a large number of people. Adjoining is an overflow-room, in which about a score more can be seated. The billiard-room is conveniently situated opposite the entrance, and contains two magnificent tables by Messrs. Burroughs & Watts. In close proximity are two skittle alleys, and these are liberally patronised by the shipbrokers and merchants who frequent the hotel.

The cuisine is a leading feature here. All the delicacies in season are to be found in Mr. Price’s larder. A popular ordinary is held at this hotel, and from the social amenity and geniality which always prevail, it has come to be known as the “harmonious ordinary.” It takes place at 1.30, and Mr. Price himself invariably presides, while a gentleman well known at the docks has for fifteen years officiated, almost without exception, as vice-president. It is by no means an exclusive party, and visitors receive a hearty welcome. The viands are of the best class and the serving everything that can be desired, and for the price, 2s., no better ordinary, consisting of soup, fish, joint, entree, and sweets can be obtained in South Wales. The superior excellence which marks the catering at this hotel is to be attributed in no small degree to the close personal supervision which Mrs. Price gives to this department. The coffee-room is on the first floor, and it is intended shortly to enlarge this apartment, and also to make a new smoke-room adjoining. The keeping accommodation consists of some twenty-five large and well lighted and ventilated bedrooms. The suite of private apartments command perfect seclusion and quiet, and ladies staying in the hotel have free use of the drawing-room, in which there is a first-class Brinsmead piano. Every care is shown to guests, a staff being kept of twenty-five trained and competent servants, many of whom have been employed in the hotel for ten or eleven years, and have thus become familiar with the wants and requirements of regular visitors. There are good bath-rooms and ample accommodation for horses and vehicles. Mr. Price is assiduous in his endeavours to give entire satisfaction to his patrons, and how well he has succeeded is plainly shown by the ever-increasing popularity of the establishment over which he so ably presides.

STEPHENS & CO., WHOLESALE AND RETAIL IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN TOYS AND FANCY GOODS,
26, 38, AND 40, ROYAL ARCADE, AND 24, HIGH STREET ARCADE, CARDIFF.

THIS thriving concern was founded by the father of its present able and energetic proprietors, Mr. A. G. Stephens and Mr. F. A. Stephens, some twenty years ago. Nos. 38 and 40, Royal Arcade consist of two spacious shops converted into one. The fine ground floor, which extends backwards for a considerable distance, is used for show-room purposes, and communicates, by means of a lift, with a commodious store-room above. No. 26, also in the Royal Arcade, is a handsomely appointed single shop, of similar character to the larger one already mentioned. No. 24, High Street Arcade was opened along with the Arcade, then just completed, six years ago, and consists of a spacious shop projected on precisely similar lines to its sister establishments in the Royal Arcade. All of these depots are most attractively arranged to hold and display an enormous selection of all the latest novelties in toys, albums, cabinet and leather goods, bicycle-horses, mail carts, and particularly fancy china and nick-nacks of every description, fully ninety per cent. of which are imported from the leading and most renowned manufacturers in France and Germany. Messrs. Stephens’s trade has been principally cultivated amongst the best families in Cardiff and its surroundings, without the aid of advertising, and counts amongst their most distinguished patrons the Marchioness of Bute and many other members of the aristocracy. A large staff of civil and efficient assistants is employed, under the vigorous personal direction of the partners. The entire business is most capably and energetically directed, and all its affairs are administered in a manner that is well calculated to preserve all the creditable traditions of the house, and to sustain it in the public favour it has so long and so worthily enjoyed.

CAREY & CO., WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS,
QUEEN STREET, CARDIFF.

ESTABLISHED in 1878 in the premises still occupied, the above concern has been developed with notable energy and tact. A good name has been secured for the thoroughly reliable character of everything handled and for the honourable treatment all customers receive. The premises occupied consist of a large shop, with fine plate-glass windows, and a compact suite of offices, with extensive warehouses at the rear. The cellarage extends for a long distance under Queen Street Arcade, and is admirably adapted to keep its extensive and valuable contents in the best condition. The bonded warehouse is at 3, West Docks. A large and valuable business is controlled, exclusively wholesale and export in character. Mr. Carey is a man of wide experience in everything relating to his trade, and his selections are made with no less judgment than taste. His transactions are made at first hand, and, buying direct on a large scale, he is in a position to quote prices which will compare favourably with those of any similar establishment. The firm are the sole proprietors of the celebrated “Galore” Irish whisky, which combines many excellent characteristics and possesses such properties as render it acceptable to connoisseurs of widely different tastes. As exponents of this branch of trade, the firm hold extensive and valuable stocks, including choice and rare sherries and ports, sparkling and still wines, clarets of every kind, and champagnes by all the most famous makers, as well as all the leading and best-known brands of brandy, Scotch and Irish whisky, gin, and rum. The firm are agents for some of the most celebrated champagne growers, such as Deutz & Geldermann, Ernest Irroy and Paul Ruinart, and also for “Lorne” Scotch whisky.

Mr. P. W. Carey is the sole proprietor of this noteworthy house. He occupies a position of prominence in local trade and commercial circles, and by his just and equitable methods he secures the esteem of all who come into business contact with him. Although actively employed in the control of an extensive and engrossing business, Mr. Carey is a prominent figure in the municipal and public life of Cardiff. For more than twelve years he has been connected with the Corporation, and for six years has efficiently discharged the onerous duties of an alderman of the County Council, and was elevated to the magisterial bench on March 23rd of the present year. Mr. Carey is one of Cardiff’s best-known and most respected citizens.

THE ROYAL HOTEL,
ST. MARY'S STREET, CARDIFF.

THIS fine family and commercial hotel was established in the year 1867, and acquired by the present proprietory in 1888. It is conducted under the control of a limited liability company, having a board of six directors, with Mr. Lascelles Carr, of the ‘Western Mail,’ as chairman. The Royal is certainly one of the largest and handsomest hotels in Wales, and the superb building it occupies in St. Mary Street is the loftiest in Cardiff, the extreme height above the street level being no less than one hundred and ten feet. The main frontage is one hundred and sixty feet long, and there are also frontages of seventy-two feet in Wood Street, and one hundred and sixty-six feet in Westgate Street. The building is of massive design and construction, Portland stone, Bath stone, and polished Aberdeen granite being the principal materials; and the ground area covered is 13,440 superficial feet. From the flat top of the central roof may be obtained unsurpassed views of the Bristol Channel, Llandaff Cathedral, and the whole of the surrounding country. Access to this roof has been greatly facilitated by the new passenger lift. Recent improvements include the erection of a magnificent buffet and suite of baths on the ground floor; a noble banqueting-hall (seventy feet long by, thirty-eight feet wide) on the first floor; a band-stand and serving counter adjoining, with cloak-room, &c. The new banqueting-hall can accommodate between three hundred and four hundred guests, and is decorated and furnished throughout in the most artistic and sumptuous style. It is used principally for the numerous public dinners and banquets that take place at the Royal Hotel, and greatly adds to the popularity of the house for gatherings of this kind.

The “Royal” has one hundred and twenty bedrooms, and few hotels in Great Britain surpass it in accommodation. Its appointments throughout are upon a superb scale, and the various public rooms are models of comfort and luxury combined. The smoking-room will interest many on account of its unique ceiling. This was originally white, but by the continued influence of the fragrant weed it has now assumed the colour and polish of a well-used meerschaum pipe. Very good care indeed is taken of the many commercial men who have long patronised the Royal, and for their convenience there is a commodious and well-furnished “commercial-room,” with a large writing-room adjoining. Opposite the fine entrance-hall is a very snug and tastefully fitted bar, called the “Cathedral Bar,” from the fact that its windows are filled with beautiful stained glass. The large and well-lighted billiard-room has two full-sized first-class tables by one of the best makers. The coffee-room and dining-room on the first floor are fine apartments, and the second, third, and fourth floors contain a very large number of sitting-rooms and bed-rooms, singly and en suite. All the sanitary arrangements of the hotel, and the precautions taken to guard against fire, and to quell any outbreak that might occur, are as perfect as care, money, and skill can make them. The safety, comfort and general convenience of guests are the constant study of the company and of their able and courteous representative, Mr. Bernard Harman, who is one of the most painstaking and popular of managers, and whose careful supervision of the whole routine of the house is greatly appreciated by visitors.

For many years the Royal Hotel has been noted for its excellent cuisine, which department is under the charge of a thoroughly competent chef, and the cellars contain a valuable stock of selected wines of the choicest quality. The work of the hotel is performed by a numerous and efficient staff, and a night porter is always in attendance. A strictly moderate tariff of charges is not the least notable of the many advantages which, coupled with good management and courteous attendance, have made the Royal Hotel at Cardiff one of the most popular and successful first-class hotels in the Principality.

HENRY BEVAN, R.P., CERTIFICATED AND SANITARY PLUMBER,
99, FREDERICK STREET, CARDIFF.

MR. BEVAN first laid the foundations of his thriving and flourishing operations somewhat over ten years ago, and he has since from year to year steadily and progressively increased and developed the scope and extent of his business undertakings with the most highly satisfactory results. His premises, which are very roomy and commodious, comprise a splendidly fitted-up shop, containing an excellent display of the various articles requisite in a business of this description, and at the rear are spacious workshops extending to a depth of one hundred and twenty feet, as well as extensive yard accommodation. Mr. Bevan has a very favourable reputation in the trade and employs none but the most skilled and carefully selected workmen. He has made a speciality and particular study of sanitary work, and does a large business in the fitting of hot and cold water baths, the fixing of electric bells, &c., and in this department all the most modern principles and latest inventions are turned to advantage in the best manner. Estimates are given for all kinds of work connected with the various branches of the plumbing and kindred trades, and while from time to time contracts of considerable magnitude are undertaken, equal attention is also devoted to smaller matters, such as jobbing work in all branches and the prompt and efficient repairing of water pipes and taps, &c. Mr. Bevan gives close and watchful supervision to all the details of the work undertaken from the commencement to the finish. He is a thoroughly practical man, of long and valuable experience of every branch of the trade, and he enjoys the fullest confidence and substantial support of a very large and influential connection, while in his private and personal relations he is alike esteemed and respected by all with whom he comes in contact.

THOMAS POWELL, SADDLE, HARNESS, BELT, AND MILL-BAND MANUFACTURER,
6, HIGH STREET, CARDIFF.

PROJECTED upwards of a century ago in Angel Street, the business, even then in a flourishing condition, was acquired about twenty years ago by the late Mr. Thomas Powell, who developed it with such energy and ability that, after the lapse of three years, a removal was made to the present more convenient and commodious quarters. Since Mr. Powell’s decease the business has been continued with unabated vigour by his widow, who is now the sole owner of the valuable undertaking. The premises occupied consist of a spacious well-appointed sale and show department very fully stocked with a vast and varied selection of goods, the characteristic feature of which is that they are, without exception, all produced from exclusively the best materials that it is possible to procure for money, and are fashioned by skilled and experienced hands. In addition to saddlery and harness, and equestrian equipments of the highest grade, the firm produce all kinds of superior leather goods, such as gladstone, kit, brief, open-mouthed, fitted bags and portmanteaus of every description, leather trunks, and jewel cases, purses, pocketbooks, and the like; and they are also makers, on a very large scale, of steam driving-belts, engine and machine mill-bands, single edged, double, interlined, grooved, sewn, or spotted, and copper-riveted; and deal also in improved machine-stretched leather of the best tannage, for the “composite” double interlined belts, the treble belts, and the “endless” band for portable engines, as well as of copper-riveted hose (delivery and suction), vulcanised indiarubber driving bands, hose, sheet, and washers; English and foreign strap butts, white hides for cutting laces and white hide laces, brown hides for cutting laces and brown hide laces, copper rivets and burs of all sizes, strap screws, Green’s belt fasteners, best gut bands, hooks and eyes, Harris’s patent belt fastenings, limed hide rope bands, leather for all mechanical purposes and for ships’ use, rigging hides, sail hides, and service hides; and in each and every one of the commodities kept the firm pride themselves upon selling none but the very best goods at the lowest possible prices; and it is upon these lines that they have built up a connection which extends over a large area, and has endowed the house with a fame which it is manifestly Mrs. Powell’s resolution shall not only be well sustained, but steadily enhanced and consistently developed in days to come.

HERNE BROTHERS, DRAPERS, SILK MERCERS, MILLINERS, &C.,
25, QUEEN STREET, CARDIFF.

REPUTED to be the oldest-established drapery business in Cardiff, this thriving institution was for very many years carried on by Mr. James Herne, with marked success, in the High Street, from whence, on the expiration of the lease in 1880, the present eligible quarters were secured and entered upon, and the business conducted under its present style and title upon the retiral of Mr., James Hetne by Messrs. H. J. and G. W. Herne. The premises occupied were erected upon the site of one of the ancient hostelries of the town, hard by the old town wall, which terminated Cardiff in its former pig-market, but which is now continued, as Queen Street, as one of its leading commercial thoroughfares. They comprise a large handsome four-storeyed building, affording exceptional facilities for a very fine window display, and the spacious and lofty ground floor of which extends backwards for a distance of about one hundred and twenty feet, and is augmented by large show and work rooms on the floors above, the whole of the interior arrangement being excellently appointed in the most modern style. In addition to general everyday drapery goods the departments represented embrace morning and evening dresses, tailor-made gowns, mantles and millinery in all the latest Paris and London fashions, silks, satins, and all the newest and most seasonable dress fabrics, family mourning, ladies’ lingerie and wedding trousseaux, hosiery, haberdashery, &c. Messrs. Herne’s whole business presents a remarkable type of substantial success worthily achieved, and, under the careful yet always energetic and enterprising management of its estimable proprietors, develops continuously in all its resources and operations, an exceptionally large and valuable trade being done amongst the better classes of the community for many miles around.

WILLIAM GREY, FAMILY BUTCHER,
164, COWBRIDGE ROAD, CARDIFF.

THIS business is one that has long been highly popular, and was founded by Mr. S. Grey as far back as the year 1849. On his retirement he was succeeded in 1882 by the present owner, his son, Mr. William Grey, to whose energetic enterprise the subsequent success of the concern must be mainly ascribed. Throughout the whole career of the establishment it has always held a leading place among the chief houses in the trade, and the business has been continuously conducted upon lines which have been instrumental in determining a large family connection of the very best class. Mr. Grey’s business is accordingly confined to the supply of exclusively the primest ox-beef and wether mutton, veal and lamb in due season, pork and pickled tongues, and in short, all the items incidental to a thoroughly superior class of trade. The premises occupied consist of a fine double-fronted shop, handsomely fitted throughout, and sanitarily perfect, the stock of prime meat in neatly-dressed carcasses and joints presenting at all times a singularly attractive and inviting appearance. The business in all its details is conducted with exemplary energy and ability, and a review of Cardiff’s business men would indeed be sadly deficient should the just mention here recorded be omitted therefrom.

BRODIE BROTHERS & CO., PROVISION MERCHANTS AND SHIP CHANDLERS,
63, BUTE STREET, CARDIFF.

THIS business was established about three years ago, at the above address, by the present proprietors, who for sixteen, years have been established at 13, Fenchureh Buildings, London, E.C. The premises in Cardiff occupy an excellent position for trading purposes, and are very extensive, the street frontage measuring forty feet, while the building extends to the rear a distance of one hundred and thirty feet. The cellars run the whole distance. A suite of offices — private and general — fitted and furnished with a certain amount of elegance, are situate up-stairs, and there is an extensive store and sale-room. The firm, having for so many years catered for the shipping community, have become thoroughly conversant with all its requirements; and it is no more than justice to state that the manner in which they provision ships is productive of the highest amount of satisfaction. They hold in stock an immense variety of goods of the best quality, which have won their way by their own merits into the confidence of a large number of ship-masters. They are specially noted for the superior brands of tinned goods. A competent staff is employed, and all orders — large or small — are got out with commendable promptitude. The business is under the personal management of one or the other of the partners, who work alternately between Cardiff and London. Seeing that the business has been so recently opened in the former place, the firm are to be heartily congratulated upon the success achieved, which has been brought about by real enterprise, integrity, attention, and courtesy. The members of the firm are Mr. George Brodie and Mr. J. T. Brodie.

JOHN HAINES, ARCHITECTURAL, MONUMENTAL, AND GENERAL STONEMASON,
COWBRIDGE ROAD, CARDIFF.

IN conjunction with a general builders’ and contractors’ business of long standing and substantial connections, that of the architectural and monumental stone mason has since the year 1872 been most ably and vigorously pursued in Cardiff by Mr. John Haines, who entered upon his present eligible premises some eighteen years ago, having previously been located in its immediate neighbourhood. They comprise a spacious show-room heavily stocked with monuments, church tablets, crosses, headstones, and a vast variety of designs in granite, marble, limestone, sandstone, &c., all of which are remarkable for their chaste forms and finished workmanship, and Mr. Haines is at all times prepared to submit designs and estimates for similar or any specified kind of stonework, either on a large or small scale, and to carry out contracts for building every description of public buildings and private residences, for which he employs a large staff of skilled hands. To the rear of the show-room are the extensive and well-equipped workshops; and the magnitude of his business operations may be correctly estimated when it is stated that he here finds employment for no less than one hundred hands in the various departments. His business extends practically throughout Cardiff and the county, and stands as a conspicuous example of substantial success worthily achieved; while personally Mr. Haines is everywhere respected, as much in virtue of his well-known integrity and honourable business methods as for his many estimable personal qualities.

MASTERS & CO., MERCHANT TAILORS AND HOSIERS, JUVENILE OUTFITTERS,
29 AND 30, ST. MARY STREET; 292, BUTE STREET, ST. JOHN’S SQUARE; AND 1, QUEEN STREET, CARDIFF.

THIS noted house was founded upwards of twenty years ago by its present sole principal, Mr. Masters, and has been raised by his energy and enterprise to a position of prominence and popularity at least equal to that occupied by any other house in Great Britain. Mr. Masters has developed a trade of very far-reaching dimensions, and the parent establishment in Cardiff has thrown out sturdy branches all over South Wales, until at the present day the depots of this pushing firm are to be found in Swansea (18 and 19, Castle Street), Newport (39 and 40, High Street), Merthyr Tydvil (114 and 124, High Street, and 1, Market Square), Pontypridd (80, Taff Street and 24, Market Square), Aberdare (11, Cannon Street), Pontypool (George Street), Abergavenny (70, Frogmore Street), Llanelly (17, Stepney Street), and even as far away as Hereford, where the firm have a shop at 11, High Street. At Cardiff, Messrs. Masters & Co. have their headquarters in a noble building, situated in the principal street, and forming a complete modern warehouse upon the most approved plan. This fine four-storey block covers a large space of ground, and is splendidly arranged for business purposes, all the appointments and fittings being in the best style and taste, while no expense has been spared to secure the convenience of customers and to provide every facility for the conduct of an unusually large and comprehensive trade.

The departments are as follows:- (A) bespoke or ordered goods; (B) mechanics’ clothing; (C) hats, caps, bags, portmanteaus, and waterproof goods; (D) ready-made clothing of every description; (E) gents’ mercery; (F) juvenile clothing. Each of these departments represents a speciality of the firm, and each is perfectly organised within itself, so that its own special requirements can be attended to with all promptitude, and without interference with any other division of the business. In the bespoke department visitors will find a remarkably large and varied stock of goods to select from, embracing cloths in all the latest patterns, shades, and textures; and these stylish fabrics are made up in the very best style of the day, the firm’s cutters and tailors being men fully qualified by experience to carry out the requirements of a first-class trade. Mechanics’ clothing at Messrs. Masters & Co.’s establishment signifies good, sound, well-made garments, made to wear well, and calculated to give every satisfaction to working-men. In ready-made clothing this firm show one of the finest stocks in the Principality, and no one can fail to note how neatly these garments are made and finished, how well they are cut according to the prevailing mode, and how attractive and tasteful are the patterns of the cloths in which they are produced. Every necessity can be satisfied in this department, and the prices leave no margin for the play of competition. Some of the prices asked here for really reliable goods are so low that only the resources of a great house and the rapid turnover of an enormous trade could make them possible.

The firm have long devoted special attention to juvenile outfitting, and few know so well as they do how to dress the “boy of the period” neatly, tastefully, and economically. Besides supplying all outward garments, Messrs. Masters & Co. furnish hats, caps, and every requisite of minor outfitting, including all the various articles that come under the head of “gents’ mercery”; and the customer having made his complete selection, can obtain from the same firm a capital bag or portmanteau to pack his belongings in, and can furthermore equip himself with any style of waterproof garment his fancy may suggest. Altogether there are fifteen thriving establishments under the control of this enterprising firm, giving employment to a small army of shop assistants, clerks, and workpeople, and enjoying the confidence and patronage of a vast clientele in the busiest and most populous towns in the Principality. As the business has steadily and continuously increased from the first, there is every reason to expect that its growth and expansion will be maintained in the future. Mr. Masters, the esteemed head of the house, is one of the most active and energetic business men in Cardiff, and is unremitting in his attention to the great concern he has so successfully developed. At the same time his enterprise finds scope to exercise itself in other directions, for he is the owner of one valuable colliery, and holds the post of chairman of directors in connection with another. Personally he is a fine example of that class of progressive merchants and traders whose spirited energy and sterling principles are bearing Cardiff onward and upward to a place among the most prominent of modern commercial towns.

GEORGE JAMES ROBERTS & SON, FINE ART DEALERS, CARVERS, GILDERS, AND PICTURE-FRAME MANUFACTURERS,
ROYAL FINE ART DEPOT, 35, ROYAL ARCADE, CARDIFF.

PROJECTED twenty-seven years ago, the business has for the past twenty years been vigorously promoted at its present eligible quarters, and for the past two years and a half has been under the sole proprietary control of Mr. Lemuel Lewis Roberts, trading under the style and title above designated. The premises occupied comprise a spacious elegantly-appointed shop and show-room on the ground floor, very heavily stocked with works of art of great merit in the way of paintings and engravings, curiosities, and articles de vertu; artists’ colours and requisites of every kind, principally from the celebrated London firm of Messrs. Winsor & Newton; and a very select series of samples of picture-frames, mirror-frames, and the like, some of which are perfect masterpieces of the modern carver and gilder’s craft. The elaborately-equipped workshops are located on the floor above, and here Mr. Roberts, with a full staff of skilled workmen, operates on a very large scale as a carver and gilder, and maker of picture and other frames, from the cheapest varieties to the most costly and recherche special designs. Subsidiary to the business a very considerable trade is done in re-gilding work, and in the restoration and re-lining of old pictures, for which Mr. Roberts has won a well-merited and widespread renown. Personally Mr. Roberts is a gentleman of recognised ability and long practical experience in connection with the important branch of business to which his attention is now so vigorously and successfully directed, and under his capable administration a distinct advance has been achieved in each department of the business, and the full confidence won and retained of a very widespread and valuable trade and general connection.

DAVID JOHN, CURRIER AND LEATHER MERCHANT,
18, CASTLE STREET ARCADE, CARDIFF.

SINCE the establishment of this fine business by the present proprietor a little time ago, most satisfactory progress has been made. Considering the long connection Mr. John has had with the trade in Cardiff, and his well-known ability in all the branches of the same, this is not to be wondered at. For over forty years Mr. John was connected with two well-known local firms of leather factors, Messrs. C. W. David and Messrs. David & Sloper. He has the able assistance of his son, Mr. Charles John, who has also an experience of nineteen years of the trade. The premises consist of a good-sized shop and show-room, conveniently situate at the above address. In the stocks held there is ample variety, both in light and heavy leathers, which are seasoned by the most approved and advanced processes. The bulk are specially suited to the requirements of boot and shoe makers and saddlers. There are all kinds of goods appertaining to the curriers’ business, also of the greatest utility, these having been purchased direct from some of the best-known manufacturers. Mr. John is also intimate with many of the wholesale leather factors whose goods bear a high standard of excellence. The connection that he has built up by his ability, application to all details of the business, and strict integrity is already of a substantial and influential order, and under such favourable conditions cannot do otherwise than steadily increase.

MORGAN & CO., THE DRAPERS,
19 TO 24, THE HAYES; AND 41 TO 49, ROYAL ARCADE, CARDIFF.

MR. DAVID MORGAN, the present sole proprietor, founded this important concern about thirteen years ago, starting in a very small way. The whole premises then were only half the size of the present carpet department, and at the commencement Mr. Morgan had only three assistants, whereas he now gives employment to over one hundred hands, all of whom dine daily on the premises. The business has, indeed, become one of the largest concerns of its kind in the Principality, and the premises have been constantly added to until they now comprise an establishment of five floors and a basement, two hundred feet long in all, and having a frontage of over one hundred feet to the Hayes. The large and handsome plate-glass windows afford opportunity for a fine display of the goods dealt in by the firm, and this display is always as tasteful as it is attractive. Structurally, the premises leave nothing to be desired. A splendid light is obtained by means of well lights, and in every respect the establishment is a fine type of a large modern drapery emporium. That Messrs. Morgan & Co.’s business has not by any means ceased growing is attested by the fact that a further extension of the premises is just now being made, which, when completed, will add a ground space of fifty-five feet by one hundred feet to this already exceptionally extensive establishment.

The business carried on by this enterprising firm embraces all branches of the drapery trade as it is generally known at the present day, and its comprehensiveness will be understood when we say that the departments represented include:—Linens, calicoes, sheetings, muslins, dress stuffs, cloths, silks, velvets, crapes, prints, flannels, blankets, counterpanes, curtains, carpets, floorcloths, laces, ribbons, gloves, shirts, scarves, ties, mantles, shawls, millinery, and straws, flowers, feathers, haberdashery and trimmings, umbrellas, stays, underclothing, knitted woollen goods, and hosiery. In each of the above departments Messrs. Morgan & Co. show a splendid assortment of choice goods, carefully selected in the best markets at home and abroad, and including all the latest novelties for each season. In millinery, mantles, and jackets the newest styles from Paris and London are displayed. For dresses, silks, prints, and general drapery this house enjoys a great and well-earned reputation, and shirts, gloves, and hosiery are also among the specialities in which it excels. Each department is under the control of a thoroughly qualified and experienced buyer, who is responsible for everything connected with his particular section of the business. Mr. Morgan himself acts as buyer for one department. Special show-rooms are provided for the mantle-making, millinery, and dressmaking departments, in which the firm make a remarkably interesting display, and all work in these lines is done on the premises by a thoroughly skilful staff, well trained in the requirements of a high-class trade.

The furnishing department has been very successfully developed, and Messrs. Morgan & Co.’s stock of carpets, hearthrugs, and floorcloths is one of the most varied and best assorted in Cardiff. The great features which distinguish this business in its working methods are - (1) That it is entirely a ready-money trade, no credit whatever being given, and the lowest cash prices being asked for goods of perfect reliability. (2) That the very best value it is possible to obtain for money is given to customers in each department. (3) That no attempt is made to press people to buy any particular article. (4) That Messrs. Morgan & Co. do not advertise, and never had a so-called “sale,” their method being to rely entirely upon the reputation they have acquired as suppliers of first-class goods at the lowest cash prices consistent with reliable quality. Upon these lines they have built up a trade which extends all over Great Britain, and Mr. Morgan still has the pleasure of seeing customers coming regularly to his establishment who patronised him during the very first week of his opening, some thirteen years ago. The whole business is personally managed by Mr. Morgan, who has been in the trade all his life, and who is not only a thoroughly experienced and capable merchant, but also a courteous and obliging gentleman who never spares any effort to meet the wishes and promote the convenience of his patrons. To his energy, practical skill, and sound principles is due the fact that this house has risen more rapidly, perhaps, than any other drapery concern in South Wales.

ALEXANDER LAWRENCE, PHOTOGRAPHIC ARTIST,
80, QUEEN STREET, CARDIFF.

FOR the past four years and a half Mr. Alexander Lawrence has been conducting at the above address one of the most popular and successful photographic studios in Cardiff. His establishment in Queen Street is situate in the best part of Cardiff, and comprises a large and splendidly-lighted studio, with the necessary working departments in connection, all provided with the newest and best appliances of the art. There is, of course, a waiting-room, admirably appointed in every respect, with the advantage of a fine lawn for “taking” large groups. Outdoor work of every kind seems to be a speciality of Mr. Lawrence, but it may truly be said that he attains an equally high standard of excellence in all branches of photography, and all his work is characterised by great beauty of finish. Mr. Lawrence is particularly successful with young children, and enlarging and painting in all their branches are done on the premises under the direct personal supervision of the principal. The patronage of a large and influential local and district connection is enjoyed, and Mr. Lawrence’s Studio is one of those establishments which gain constantly in reputation and clientele as they become more widely known. The well-merited success of this business proves once more that really good work can be turned out by a conscientious artist at reasonable prices, and that for such work there is always a demand.

W. PEDLER, UMBRELLA MANUFACTURER, &C.,
34, ROYAL ARCADE, CARDIFF.

MR. W. PEDLER, of the Royal Arcade, commenced business here in the year 1867, and he has built up a large and substantial trade, not only in umbrellas of every description, but also in walking-sticks, and all kinds of leather goods for the use of travellers. Mr. Pedler’s establishment in the Royal Arcade is as well known as any in Cardiff, and affords excellent facilities for the conduct of an extensive and high-class business. The stock kept here embraces a splendid assortment of gentlemen’s and ladies’ umbrellas in all materials, and at prices to suit every requirement; also a large variety of walking-sticks and canes, including malaccas and every fashionable and popular stick in the market; and a full range of leather bags and satchels for ladies and gentlemen, these goods, like everything else in Mr. Pedler’s shop, being of the best workmanship and finish, and of thoroughly reliable quality. Umbrellas are made, re-covered, and repaired on the premises, and sticks and canes are dressed, polished, and ferruled to suit customers’ requirements. Mr. Pedler’s “hospital” for infirm and decrepit umbrellas is a thriving institution, and is doing a great work, some five thousand “patients” being cured annually of all sorts of ailments peculiar to tin umbrella family. This repairing department is a great feature of the business. For high-class umbrellas at moderate prices this house leads the way, the assortment being one which it would be very difficult to surpass in variety, and impossible to excel in sound quality and good value.

One of the great secrets of the success of this large and flourishing business consists in the fact that all the work of manufacturing and repairing is done by skilled hands on the premises, under Mr. Pedler’s personal direction. The principal is ably assisted by his son, Mr. Wesley Pedlar, in the management of a business the influential connections of which now extend all over Wales and the border counties of England. Mr. W. Pedler, the head of the house, has distinguished himself by writing a delightful little brochure which he has entitled, “The Book of the Umbrella.” Plenty of amusing anecdote is mingled with the more matter-of-fact contents of the little volume, and there is not a dull page from one cover to the other. Mr. Pedler has a capital style, easy, natural, and unaffectedly humorous. He is, moreover, a master of his subject, and has a great deal to say thereon that will be both new and interesting to the general reader. “The Book of the Umbrella” has received highly complimentary press notices; and, among others the Marquis of Bute (to whom a copy was sent) wrote to Mr. Pedler congratulating him upon his work. If every historical and anecdotical review of articles in general use were as well put together and as entertaining as “The Book of the Umbrella,” the interest of the public in the familiar objects of daily life would be greatly quickened increased. This enterprising tradesman has a branch establishment at No. 3, Royal Arcade. Here, in addition to the umbrella, stick, and leather bag trade, we find a very superior hairdressing, shaving, and shampooing business. This is popularly known as “Pedler’s Royal Saloon.” The appointments and attendants here are all that can be desired by the most particular or sensitive person. Perfumes and toilet requisites from the best and most celebrated houses are displayed in elegant and choice variety.

J. NOLCINI, PASTRYCOOK AND CONFECTIONER,
5, DUKE STREET, CARDIFF.

DATING back in its foundation to the year 1790, this prosperous concern, having passed through many mutations, was acquired by Mr. G. Jenkins, and by him developed for a period of eighteen years with singular success, until about eighteen months ago it passed into the hands of Mr. J. Nolcini, who had for twenty-five years previously conducted a similar business, which he had inherited from his father. Under Mr. Nolcini’s vigorous and skilful control the business has already shown extraordinary developing tendencies, notwithstanding that it has always been the leading concern of its kind under his own and the regime of his immediate predecessor. The premises occupied are very extensive, and in every point of character and situation precisely adapted to the requirements of a very brisk business. They consist of a large and substantial four-storeyed building, the ground floor of which is admirably appointed as a high-class pastrycook’s shop, and at all times presents a particularly inviting appearance from the elegant display made of plain and fancy breads, wedding, birthday, and ornamental cakes, for which the firm enjoy an unsurpassed reputation, and command a trade which extends to all parts of the Principality, and even beyond, blancmanges, jellies, and other table delicacies, superior pastry and confectionery, British wines, and conserved fruit, much of the latter of which is grown at Mr. Nolcini’s beautiful residence and estates, the Villa Pasatempo, Lake of Como, Gravedona, in Italy, and all kinds of toothsome dainties. On the first floor there is a capitally ordered luncheon room, while at the rear stands the five-floored factory, replete with all the most modern baking and other machinery and appliances, for the production of the various items already enumerated, and calling into active requisition the services of a large staff of expert and experienced hands under Mr. Nolcini’s careful and competent supervision. The trade controlled is one of very considerable volume, extending to all parts of the town and its surroundings, and being principally cultivated amongst the resident aristocracy and gentry; and all its affairs are administered in a manner that is well calculated to preserve all the creditable traditions of the house and to sustain it in the high public favour which it has so long and so worthily enjoyed.

J. NEWTON & CO., HIGH-CLASS TAILORS AND HABIT-MAKERS, &C.,
53, QUEEN STREET, CARDIFF.

THIS busy and flourishing concern was originally founded by the present firm about twenty-eight years ago at Frederick Street, where the business was developed and consolidated with much success for a period of five years, when the firm transferred the headquarters of their steadily growing and expanding operation to the present address. The house occupied by the firm, like many others in Queen Street, was originally a private dwelling, but it was rebuilt in 1885 in a manner more suitable for the requirements of a large business house, and extensive workshops were constructed in the rear. Mr. Newton was one of the first to develop Queen Street into what it is to-day, by pulling down his old-fashioned premises and himself building his present handsome establishment. The shop and show-rooms are large and roomy, and the interior fittings and appointments are attractive in appearance and conveniently arranged. A thriving and prosperous trade of the best class is done not only in the town of Cardiff itself but over a wide area of the whole Principality, and the correspondents of the firm may even be numbered as far away as the Gold Coast, and Cape Town, &c., a large number of orders reaching Messrs. J. Newton & Co. from constituents abroad who have their requirements regularly exported to them from England. The trade is entirely bespoke in character, and in addition to their very viable reputation for high-class garments for gentlemen’s wear on ordinary occasions, they have an excellent name for the making of hunting breeches, ladies’ riding habits, and liveries, &c. Whether in superiority of style and fit, in durability and tastefulness of materials, or in neatness and finish of workmanship, Messrs. J. Newton & Co. alike excel, and while they have the cordial and substantial support of a valuable connection of old standing, and therefore rank high in commercial circles, the principals are also very popular locally, and are greatly esteemed and respected by all who know them.

E. REID, FRUIT AND POTATO MERCHANT,
HOPE STREET, CUSTOM HOUSE STREET, CARDIFF.

THIS business, which has become one of the largest and most important of the kind in Cardiff, was founded some ten years ago, by the present proprietor. The central and commodious premises consist of a substantial building of four-storey elevation, having an excellent street frontage of forty feet, and extending to the rear a distance of sixty feet. The ground floor is well arranged as a sale-room, and here also are the neat offices. The floors above are used for the purposes of stocking, packing, &c. The business is thoroughly taken in hand by the proprietor in person, who, by his long and practical experience and enterprise, is enabled to cater to the requirements of a large community with the greatest amount of satisfaction and success. His supplies are received from the very best quarters, and always arrive in a fresh and sound condition, while the selection, all the year round, is a most liberal one. All kinds of superior fruits and vegetables are dealt in, the former being made up of British and foreign varieties, and adapted either for cooking, preserving, or for dessert purposes. Mr. Reid has very extensive transactions in the best grown potatoes, and constantly receives heavy consignments, including choice varieties for planting. The services of an extensive staff are required, such as warehousemen, clerks, carters, &c., each branch being carried out with commendable expedition and accuracy. The connection drawn together is of a most important and influential description, and is steadily increasing. The business is wholly wholesale, and stands amongst the first and largest businesses of its kind in South Wales and West of England. Mr. Reid has gained the hearty respect of all who know him, not only for his courtesy, but likewise for his strict integrity.

E. W. ROBERTS, PICTURE DEALER, CARVER, GILDER, PICTURE-FRAME MAKER, AND ARTISTE’ COLOURMAN,
5 AND 7, ROYAL ARCADE, CARDIFF.

AFTER a period of seventeen years of the soundest practical experience in the business, Mr. E. W. Roberts opened this representative house some nine years ago, and has succeeded in developing its interests to such a marked degree that it now stands as one of the leading institutions of the kind in the Principality. These workshops face St. Mary Street, and are augmented by a handsomely appointed shop and show department in which a very fine display of pictures is always en evidence, and where artists’ colours and materials, and picture frames of every description are always available. The workshops are provided with all the most modern appliances for the rapid and efficient production of picture frames of every conceivable kind, from the cheapest to the most recherche and costly, and call into active requisition the services of a staff of skilled and experienced craftsmen, whose labours are most carefully superintended by Mr. Roberts. In order to indicate the magnitude of the trade carried on, it may be mentioned that Mr. Roberts produced and distributed no less than twenty-seven thousand picture frames last year. He undertakes all kinds of repairing and re-gilding work, and his picture restoring and re-lining stands facile princeps in the trade at Cardiff, and commands a trade which extends throughout Wales and even into England. In all departments of the business Mr. Roberts maintains an excellent standard of character and reliability, and the entire patronage enjoyed by his house is fully consistent with the high principles upon which the affairs of the concern have always been conducted.

T. CARTER, FISH, FRUIT, GAME, AND OYSTER MERCHANT,
ST. MARY STREET, CARDIFF.

FOR many years Mr. Carter’s Fish, Fruit, Game, and Oyster Establishment in St. Mary Street has been generally recognised as one of the most attractive institutions of Cardiff, and as occupying a pleasantly conspicuous position in its leading thoroughfare. The premises are of spacious dimensions, and have, in their external and internal arrangements, been admirably adapted to the requirements of the different branches of the business, and especially to the keeping of perishable articles of food. While on one side of the shop there is an ample display of the finest game and the freshest of fish, in all the varieties which are afforded by the course of the seasons, the other is occupied by an equally admirable assortment of the daintiest and the most luscious of British and foreign fruits. Everything in the establishment is in harmony with the absolute excellence which characterises the whole of the stock, and with the high class of the patronage bestowed upon the firm by the most distinguished families in the town and the surrounding districts. Mr. Carter has always been in a position to secure for his customers the pick of the wholesale markets, whether for foreign or home-grown goods, and he has availed himself in the fullest degree of the improved locomotive advantages, both in reference to land and water communication, which the marvellous commercial advancement of Cardiff has recently brought to the town. His supply of oysters, at various prices, ranging from the delicate native to the succulent Blue-point, is most copious, and his oyster-rooms, which are situated on the first floor, with a pleasant outlook into the busy thoroughfare, are most comfortably appointed, with marble-topped tables, and all the other appetising appliances which add zest to the consumption of the delicious bivalves. This, like the rest of the establishment, is delightfully illuminated by the electric light. Mr. Carter’s establishment is in every respect a model of what such an emporium should be, and the numerous staff of experienced assistants are careful to imitate the excellent example of the principal in their uniform courtesy and zealous endeavour to meet the requirements of customers of all classes.

JOHN THOMAS JONES, DISPENSING CHEMIST AND DENTIST,
BUTE ROAD, CARDIFF.

MR. JONES has held a leading and prominently representative position in local circles for nearly forty years, having first established himself at the above address as long ago as the year 1853, and he may well look back with pride upon his long and honourable career of practical work and usefulness. His premises, which are favourably situated in an excellent business position, are roomy and attractive in appearance, having an excellent plate-glass front, and the interior fittings and appointments are convenient and well arranged for the purposes of a high-class trade. The stock is large and comprehensive, including all kinds of drugs and chemicals of the best and purest quality, as well as a complete assortment of patent medicines and proprietary articles, and a varied supply of perfumery, toilet requisites, and all the many little sundry articles which are likely to be asked for in a large chemist’s establishment of the best kind. The dispensing department receives the most scrupulous care, both as regards accuracy and the quality and purity of the drugs employed in compounding physicians’ prescriptions and family recipes, and Mr. Jones makes a speciality of the careful and skilful extraction of teeth. He has a very favourable reputation throughout a wide area of the surrounding district. Mr. John Thomas Jones is a gentleman of high professional and scientific attainments as well as a clever and capable man of business, and he is well known locally, and greatly esteemed and respected by all with whom he comes in contact.

WILLIAM MORTON & CO., MILLINERS, COSTUMIERS, AND FANCY DRAPERS,
83, QUEEN STREET, CARDIFF.

MR. WILLIAM MORTON’S first-class establishment was organised about five years ago by its present proprietor, under the style and title above designated. The premises were specially constructed to meet the exact requirements of the business, and present a singularly handsome facade with a double frontage, which is fully availed of for display purposes, and forms one of the most attractive features of the busy thoroughfare. Within doors evidences are everywhere apparent of the care and attention displayed in providing for the reception, prompt service, and general convenience of patrons, the whole of the five floors being elegantly appointed throughout in the most modern style in the form of saleroom below, and tastefully-ordered show-rooms and well-equipped work-rooms on the upper floors. The stock of goods held and displayed is perfectly exhaustive of every branch of fancy drapery in the way of silks, satins, laces, ribbons, feathers, flowers, haberdashery, &c., to the exclusion, however, of heavy goods. Millinery and dress and costume making in all their branches is carried on under the able supervision of Mrs. Morton, and the work produced is unsurpassed of its kind, and fully up to date, stylish articles at strictly reasonable prices being the main feature of the entire business. Altogether a staff of no less than seventy-five civil and efficient assistants and workers is engaged in the various departments, and nothing could be more commendable than the order and system which prevail. The trade controlled extends to all parts of Cardiff and the country for many miles around, and the entire business is conducted with marked ability and energy upon principles that are well calculated to promote the prosperity of the house, and to sustain it in the public favour it now so deservedly enjoys.

J. W. PYLE, BAKER, CONFECTIONER, &c.,
THE CLARENCE BREAD AND CAKE BAKERY, 80, TUDOR ROAD, AND GLOUCESTER STREET, RIVERSIDE, CARDIFF.

THIS most superior business was established by the present proprietor, Mr. J. W. Pyle, about six years ago, at the above address. The premises have an appearance equalled by few business places in the borough, the shop having three handsome windows, and a frontage of forty feet. The distance to the rear is very considerable, and, with the bakery, a large space of ground is covered. The shop has a most prepossessing appearance, the stands, cases, countering, fixtures, and general appointments being tasteful and refined. In addition to the above, Mr. Pyle has another fine shop at 45, Lower Cathedral Road, which is equally well fitted. Each place at all times contains a tempting array of pastry and confectionery, made in the very highest grades of the art, and which for delicious flavour and purity have established a reputation second to none in the neighbourhood. Mr. Pyle has a number of valuable recipes for rare dishes, which are only to be had from him. He has become in particular noted for his choice bridal, christening, and birthday cakes, which are made to order up to any size. Other notable specialities are in superior Milk, Brunswick, and Vienna bread, and pure Gluten digestive bread. A great favourite, too, is the wholesome pure wheatmeal bread, which possesses the highest feeding properties combined with a most grateful flavour. The general variety of confectionery is all of the best quality, whether for wedding breakfasts, suppers, balls, or any other purpose. The bakery is arranged on the most improved principle, and is a model of cleanliness. Experienced hands are engaged under the personal supervision of the owner, who possesses a sound knowledge of all the different branches. Each shop is courteously managed, and the combined turnover reaches large proportions. The connection is an extensive and superior one, and extends to all parts of the town and district. Great praise is due to Mr. Pyle for the able manner in which he has so quickly established his reputation, and the cordial support and respect accorded to him is in every way richly deserved.

E. J. BAKER, TAILOR AND WOOLLENDRAPER,
33, QUEEN STREET, CARDIFF.

AMONG the notable houses whose names have become closely and creditably identified with the growth and development of the modern high-class tailor’s craft and calling in Cardiff, there are perhaps few that have attained to such high distinction as the one which, organised some forty years since, and for many years conducted in the High Street, is to-day under the vigorous control of Mr. E. J. Baker. The premises occupied were specially constructed for Mr. Baker, and are acknowledged to stand, in the matter of equipments and facilities for the execution of good work, second to none in the provinces. The capitally appointed shop is heavily stocked with a very fine selection of woollen fabrics in all the latest, patterns and most fashionable varieties, while in the workshops adjoining Mr. Baker employs none but workmen of recognised ability and experience. In addition to gentlemen’s attire for all occasions, Mr. Baker has won a well-merited renown for his uniforms, hunting breeches, and habits, and holds an appointment as tailor to the Glamorganshire Rifle Volunteers, and every garment that emanates from his establishment possesses an individuality of style, fit, and finish that can only be imparted by a perfect master of the sartorial art. Personally Mr. Baker is a member of the board of the Master Tailors’ Association of Great Britain and Ireland, and he conducts his large and valuable business in a manner and upon principles that are well calculated to preserve all the creditable traditions of his house, and to sustain it in the public favour it has so long and so deservedly enjoyed.

THOMAS WILLIAMS, GROCER, WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANT, &c.,
34, CASTLE ROAD, ROATH, CARDIFF.

THIS leading business was established thirty-five years ago by Mr. R. Enoch, at the above address, where a large and influential connection was steadily built up by him. In 1889 the present sole proprietor, Mr. Thomas Williams, came into possession, and has continued to extend both the operations and reputation of the concern. The premises have a good frontage to the street, the shop being fitted with a very handsome modern plate-glass front. Inside the shop the appearance is of a very taking description. The fittings and furnishings are bright and refined, and there is always an air of prosperity and good management about the place. Beneath the shop are commodious cellars, which are of great value for stocking the wines, spirits, beers, &c. There is also a good warehouse at the rear for reserve stock. Here, too, is the well-arranged stabling and cart-house. Mr. Williams, who has the advantage of a practical knowledge of the trade, and who has made it his close study, is a sound judge of groceries and provisions, both of which he deals in very extensively. He is constantly receiving large consignments from the most approved quarters, which he retails at the closest market prices. The agency is held for the renowned firm of Messrs. W. & A. Gilbey, a fine and representative assortment of their wines and spirits being always on hand, including many favourite brands of champagne, cordials, British and foreign wines, See. He also deals largely in sparkling beer, both in cask and in bottle. The connection is both local and district, a fair share of the better-class customers being found among the well-to-do families of the locality. Mr. Williams is a shrewd, and at the same time, courteous tradesman. His successful catering is due to the observation he has maintained as to the requirements of his customers, by whom he is respected and esteemed.

DUMFRIES COMMERCIAL HOTEL,
ST. MARY STREET, CARDIFF.
JOHN WYNN, PROPRIETOR.

THIS model “home from home,” which was established in the year 1878, has, under the vigorous yet judicious regime of host Wynn, been developed into one of the most successful undertakings of its class in the town. In years gone by Mr. John Wynn was himself a “knight of the road,” and having from his extensive experience as a guest garnered a vast amount of knowledge as to the ways and means for rendering the traveller’s life a happy one, he at once, on acquiring the Dumfries Hotel, set about to make full use of his accumulated store of information. The wearied “drummer,” to use a trans-Atlantie term, after a heavy day’s business, thinks naught of anything save supper and sleep, and both are available in perfection at the Dumfries, for Mr. Wynn justly prides himself upon the high excellence of his cuisine, and it may be safely stated that there cannot be found in all Cardiff cleaner or more comfortable bed-chambers than the complement of thirty which form part of the Dumfries Commercial Hotel, and over and above this it must be mentioned that Mr. Wynn is even ultra-careful to see that his guests are provided with thoroughly well-dried and aired bed-clothing, such a thing as damp sheets being unknown in his establishment, for all the linen as it comes from the laundry is carefully hung in a specially-constructed drying and airing chamber, heated by hot-water apparatus. The commercial-room is certainly one of the best of its kind in the Principality, being provided with the best forms of desks and facilities for writing and transacting business, racks filled with all the railway and steamboat time-tables, and all the little details which experience alone can hope to supply. There are good stock-rooms, conveniences for the storage of luggage, a fire and burglar-proof strong-room for the safe deposit of valuables, a fine billiard-room, with two full-sized tables, a smoking-saloon, office, and suite of kitchens, which are reputed to be among the largest and best equipped of their kind in Cardiff. A moderate tariff, unexceptionable attendance, and the air of comfort and homeliness that pervades the whole place, marks out the Dumfries as the hotel par excellence in Cardiff for the temperance traveller, and it is manifestly Mr. Wynn’s resolution that the high reputation and substantial success he has already achieved shall not only be well sustained but steadily enhanced and continuously developed in days to come.

H. J. THATCHER, CHRONOMETER-MAKER AND OPTICIAN, ADJUSTER OF IRON SHIPS’ COMPASSES,
107, BUTE DOCKS, CARDIFF.

-MR. THATCHER’S business originated as far back as the year 1819, the founder being r. Samuel Marks. The present proprietor, who had previously been in business for seven years, a little higher up the street, bought the concern about seventeen years ago, and has since conducted it with great ability and success, fully maintaining the high reputation it has so long enjoyed. The commodious premises occupied are admirably suited to the requirements of a business of this kind, and the well-appointed shop contains a large and valuable stock of chronometers, watches, clocks, opera and field glasses, marine glasses, compasses, and all manner of nautical instruments, charts, stationery, &c. Everything supplied at this establishment is of first-class quality, and besides selling his own reliable and approved chronometers, Mr. Thatcher is agent for all the principal chronometer-makers, so that any well-known make can be at once obtained through him. Special attention is given to the rating of chronometers, to the adjusting of iron ships’ compasses, and to the cleaning and repairing of clocks, watches, and nautical instruments. All instruments while on shore are insured against loss by fire. Mr. Thatcher is a thoroughly practical master of his scientific trade, and employs an efficient staff of skilled hands, all work being done on the premises under his own careful personal supervision. His establishment is, we believe, the oldest of its kind in Cardiff, and is patronised by the Portuguese Government, and by a large and important nautical connection.

HUTCHINS’ SEWING AND DOMESTIC MACHINE SUPPLY COMPANY, LIMITED,
19, DUKE STREET, CARDIFF.
TELEGRAMS: “Emporium, Cardiff.”

THIS prosperous joint-stock concern took origin from the Wheeler & Wilson Sewing Machine Company Agency, and was incorporated on the 1st May, 1890, with the late W. Horton Hutchins as managing director, and Mr. John Jones as secretary. On the death of the former in April, 1891, Mr. E. H. Walbrook was appointed joint manager with Mr. J. Jones. The Company still act as the sole agents for Messrs. Wheeler & Wilson’s celebrated sewing-machines, and operate on a very large scale as providers for cash, or on the easy payment system, of the “Caligraph” typewriter, all manner of musical instruments by both English and foreign makers of note, jewellery of every class and grade, bicycles and tricycles, mangles, and domestic machines of every conceivable kind. Their headquarters in Duke Street are, in every point of character and situation, precisely adapted to the requirements of a very brisk, superior business of the kind, and consist of a spacious and commodious double-fronted shop of good depth, affording ample accommodation for a very heavy stock of the goods already mentioned. The Company, moreover, own depots at Tonypandy, Mountain Ash, New Tredegar, and Barry, and altogether command a very large and widespread trade amongst families possessed of moderate means, for whom their business was especially projected, and amongst whom its undoubted benefits are duly appreciated; and it is manifestly the Company’s resolution that the high reputation they have won shall not only be well sustained, but steadily enhanced and consistently developed in days to come.

E. J. POOLE, SHIPPING AND FAMILY BUTCHER,
285, BUTE STREET, CARDIFF.

THIS splendid business was established by the present proprietor, Mr. E. J. Poole, about seven years ago. The premises at the above address are among the most prominent of those devoted to trading purposes in the town, and consist of a very spacious single-fronted shop. Above are conspicuously displayed the Royal Arms and the Prince of Wales’ feathers, Mr. Poole having on different occasions been honoured with royal patronage. He has supplied Her Majesty with barons of beef from her own prize bullocks, of which he had been the purchaser, and has received other orders from time to time. He has also supplied H.R.H. the Prince of Wales with saddles of mutton from prize sheep. There is at all times a most tempting display of prime beef and mutton, the proprietor drawing his supplies from the herds and flocks of noted breeders and farmers. His men are thoroughly competent, and the meat is sent to customers in a firm and splendid condition. There are important branches at 5, Glebe Street, Penarth, and Holton Road, Barry Dock. A capital delivery service has been organised; families and shipping are supplied on the most reasonable terms. Shipping is also supplied with live pigs, poultry, and vegetables. This is without doubt one of the largest and most important wholesale and retail concerns of the kind in Cardiff, and Mr. Poole has to be congratulated upon achieving such marked success in such a short period. This has been accomplished by real enterprise, energy, and ability, together with honourable dealings.
The telegraphic address is “Poole, Butcher, Cardiff,” and the telephone No. 8.

ALBANY MEWS,
ROATH, CARDIFF.
MR. H. HAYMAN, PROPRIETOR.

ESTABLISHED in 1885, this business has steadily increased. It is conducted in large and admirably appointed premises at the corner of Richmond Road and Castle Road, Roath. They consist of a fine range of stabling and loose boxes, coachhouses, haylofts, a well-fitted-up office, and every facility for the successful working of the business. Mr. Hayman has a large stud of good, sound, and reliable horses, suitable for riding or driving, and a large number of open and close carriages, dogcarts, broughams, cabs, and wagonettes for picnic parties. Both horses and carriages are always turned out in excellent order, and would do credit to the private establishment of any gentleman. The drivers are men of reliable character, and remarkable for their politeness, attention, and punctuality. The business throughout is managed with great enterprise. Mr. Hayman has secured the confidence and support of an excellent connection, and both residents and visitors to Cardiff will find many and manifest advantages in his terms and prices. There is a large and admirably conducted butcher’s business adjoining, of which Mr. Hayman is the proprietor.

RICHARD BENJAMIN, FAMILY GROCER, FANCY BREAD AND BISCUIT BAKER, &C.
14, TRINITY STREET, CARDIFF.

THIS highly important business has occupied a prominent position in Cardiff since 1858, in which year it was opened in the above premises. These are very extensive, and possess a commanding appearance, being of three-storey elevation, and having an excellent street frontage. The well-stocked and well-managed shop is sufficient indication of the large and superior trade carried on. At the rear is the well-appointed bakery, where fancy bread and biscuits are made. The most scrupulous cleanliness is observed throughout, and the ovens are constructed on the most approved system. This department is made the leading feature of the trade, and certainly is worthy of the renown it enjoys. On the first floor of the building are the stores, devoted to jams, pickles, sauces, and tinned goods, these being of the first quality, and from the best-known manufacturers. On the second floor are the tea-rooms, where some of the finest growths are blended. Mr. Benjamin is most careful in the selection of his teas, his long experience enabling him to admirably anticipate the tastes of his patrons. There are also general stores on this floor. The adjoining shop is devoted to confectionery, and is very tastefully and temptingly laid out. A great speciality is made of wedding and birthday cakes, the flavour and appearance being excellent. There is a grocery department at Holmsdale Street and at Tudor Road. Mr. Benjamin takes personal management of the business, displaying an amount of enterprise, energy, and ability that stamp him as one of Cardiff’s prominent and successful tradesmen.

H. SWEETING, HATTER, HOSIER, GLOVER, SHIRTMAKER, OUTFITTER, AND HAIRDRESSER,
13, DUKE STREET, CARDIFF.

PROJECTED in the year 1868 by the late Mr. H. Sweeting, and now carried on upon its safe and sound original lines by his widow, Mrs. E. Sweeting, this prospered business still stands as the representative institution of its kind in Cardiff, and enjoys the liberal support and patronage of the most Hon. the Marquis of Bute, K.T., Lord Windsor, and the leading aristocracy and gentry of the district. The premises occupied are most eligibly situated, and at all times present a singularly attractive double frontage of tastefully dressed windows to the busy thoroughfare. Within doors the elegantly-appointed emporium is heavily stocked with a thoroughly representative selection of silk and felt hats, clerical hats, tweed helmets, tweed and boys’ hats and caps of every kind, by all the leading makers of the day; hosiery and gloves in great variety, and of all the best types; shirts both ready-made and made to measure by expert hands, of which Sweeting’s “Desideratum” pattern is worthy of special mention; collars, cuffs, and ties; and, in short, every item incidental to a thoroughly first-class outfitting business. To the rear is the gentlemen’s hair-cutting an£ shaving saloon, while on the first floor is the ladies’ and children’s hairdressing room, and both of these departments, together with a complement of five excellent hot and cold water bath-rooms, are sumptuously appointed, and embody all the latest and best improvements, and together constitute the finest saloons of the kind in Cardiff. The workshops, where the shirts, collars, &c., are made, are augmented by a laundry department, and the hair-dressing saloons similarly have their executive department, where expert workers are retained to do all kinds of ornamental hair-work. The entire establishment is thoroughly representative of its important line of operations, and all its affairs are administered in a manner well calculated to preserve all the creditable traditions of the house.

A. BABER, VENETIAN AND WIRE BLIND MANUFACTURER,
SOUTH WALES WINDOW-BLIND MANUFACTORY, NEVILLE STREET, CARDIFF.

OPERATIONS were originally commenced by Mr. Baber in 1882 in the Cowbridge Road, and for the sake of greater convenience the present premises were occupied in 1892. These consist of a substantial red-brick building three storeys in height, at the rear of the proprietor’s residence, and comprising ground floor fitted up as engine-house, with compact gas-engine of five horse-power by Griffin of Bath. The first floor is used as a sawmill, and is equipped with circular and other saws, and the second floor contains extensive planing bench, and other mechanical appliances driven by power. The third floor is utilised as the painting and finishing department, and numerous sets of blinds in various stages of completion are to be seen here. Several competent men are kept in constant employment, and these work under the close supervision of the proprietor himself. A large and increasing trade is done, and everything sent out by this house can be relied upon for sound material, good workmanship, and thorough finish. Many new patterns have been introduced by Mr. Baber, and he is fully recognised as an enterprising and capable man. In the matter of venetian blinds he is particularly well known. All orders receive careful and prompt attention, and customers can rely upon every satisfaction being given. Estimates are supplied for every class of work, and a competent person is sent out to take measures when desired. Stocks are kept of the various goods manufactured, including yellow pine and oak Venetian blinds, gauze wire blinds, parlour or dwarf blinds, outside blinds of every kind, spring shop rollers in metal tubes, &c. Mr. Baber is a thoroughly practical man, and every class of work placed in his hands is well and honestly done, and by his close attention to business and prompt execution of orders he secures the esteem of all who come into business contact with him.

JOTHAM & SONS, WOOLLEN-MERCHANTS, OUTFITTERS, HATTERS, AND HOSIERS,
26 AND 27, ST. MARY STREET, CARDIFF.

HOLDING a leading position in the woollen and outfitting trades, this eminent firm date their history back as far as the year 1838, when the business was founded by the father of the present proprietors. Though it originated on the same spot in St. Mary Street, the concern was at first upon a much smaller scale than it now is. From time to time the premises were enlarged and improved to meet the requirements of a growing business, and Messrs. Jotham’s present establishment is certainly unsurpassed by any other of its kind in England or Wales. The premises present a magnificent frontage to the street, and are especially attractive with their two immense plate-glass windows, affording every facility for tasteful display. There are two entrances, and the ground floor show-rooms have a long rearward extension, being lighted internally by means of-three well-lights from above. On the first floor there are two fine show-rooms devoted to the bespoke tailoring department, and in connection with this there are very commodious fitting-rooms and cutting-rooms. Several departments find accommodation on the ground floor, the principal ones being hosiery, hats, readymade clothing, and the special juvenile clothing department. In each of these sections the visitor will always find a stock of great variety and unexceptionable quality, fully illustrating this notable firm’s resources as high-class complete outfitters. Beyond the showrooms, at the rear, are situated the spacious and perfectly appointed workshops, and beyond these again are the stables and the caretaker’s house, the premises extending into Baker’s Row.

The whole establishment is elegantly appointed, and every detail of furnishing and general equipment, sanitary arrangement, &c., has been carried out in the very best modern style. Every convenience exists, not only for customers, but also to assist the staff in the routine of an exceptionally large and comprehensive business, and the entire organisation of the place indicates the intelligent and enterprising outlay of a very large amount of capital. Vast stocks are held in this fine establishment, and each department displays all the latest and most attractive novelties of the season in its particular line. There are spacious basements, in which all goods are received and unpacked, thus avoiding any disorder or untidiness in the show-rooms. Messrs. Jotham & Sons enjoy a high reputation in all branches of their trade for first-class quality, style, and novelty in everything they sell, as well as for the reasonable nature of their charges. They are especially famous as juvenile clothiers and outfitters, and show stocks in this connection of great variety and attractiveness. The bespoke tailoring branch is also most capably conducted. Messrs. Jotham & Sons employ the best workpeople and most experienced assistants, and they manage their extensive business in a manner securing the full approval of a large and valuable clientele in Cardiff and the surrounding district. Mr. T. W. Jotham and his brother, Mr. F. H. Jotham, are the principals of the house, and take an active personal part in the administration of its affairs.

Both the partners are gentlemen of marked ability and enterprise, and hold a prominent position in the mercantile community. Mr. F. H. Jotham was at one time a member of the Cardiff Town Council, in which capacity he (like his father before him) rendered excellent and disinterested public service. Recently he has been elected, unopposed, a member of the Glamorganshire County Council for Penarth (South Division), the district in which he resides.

TOM KERMAN, M.I.M.E., UNIVERSAL RUBBER DEPOT,
SOUTH WILLIAM STREET, BUTE DOCKS, CARDIFF.

THIS highly important business was established by the present proprietor in 1884. The premises occupied consist of a large and heavily-stocked sale-room, having appropriately furnished offices above. There are also spacious stock and sale rooms at Dowlais Chambers, West Bute Street, near to the Exchange in Mountstuart Square. Mr. Kerman is looked up to as one who is thoroughly conversant with every branch of the trade in which he is engaged, and the continual increase of his business may be taken for proof certain that he is affording ample all-round satisfaction. As a marine surveyor and arbitrator he exhibits the largest amount of ability and sound judgment. He is also engaged in the manufacture of hydraulic cup leathers. Of these he is the only producer in Wales. The leathers turned out by him are considered to be as nearly perfect as possible. Mr. Kerman has on hand an extensive stock of brass engine-fittings of every description, brass condenser tubes and ferrules, vulcanised fibre valves, asbestos manhole joints, piston rings, Taylor’s patent metallic joints, wooden condenser ferrules, zinc plates, hose pipes in canvas, leather, and rubber, &c. All the above are specialities, and are widely known for their excellence and many merits. The agency is held for the following important firms; Caledonian Tube Company, Glasgow; Vickers’s non-corrosive engine oil and cylinder oil; Roberts’s patent lubricating packing; Moseley’s patent “Duriflex” high-pressure packing; Baird’s patent propeller; and Richards’ patent plastic metals; these agencies covering the Western and several other districts. Mr. Kerman was manager for sixteen years for the old and renowned firm of Messrs. Elliot and Jeffrey. He is the inventor of Messrs. Elliot, Jeffrey, & Kerman’s patent piston rings and springs, and Herman’s patent gauge-glass ring. Under his keen and practical management the business is extending on every side. Orders are executed with a prompitude that is commendable in the highest sense of the word. Every branch of the business bears the impress of excellent control, and the elevated position Mr. Kerman now occupies is in every way richly merited.
Telegrams: “ Universal, Cardiff”; Post Office Telephone No. 47.

JAMES T. BARRY & SONS, WATCHMAKERS, JEWELLERS, AND SILVERSMITHS,
8 AND 9, DUKE STREET, CARDIFF.

THIS old-established and highly respected house was founded in the year 1841 by Mr. James Trotter Barry, and is now conducted by that gentleman’s two sons — Mr. J. T. Barry, junior, and Mr. Edwin Barry — tradiog under the above title. The business was commenced at No. 9, Duke Street, and No. 8 was subsequently added, so that the premises now comprise two spacious and handsome shops, divided by a passage. The stocks held are of the highest quality throughout, and present a superb appearance. They comprise the following principal section:- (1) Watches of the best English and foreign makes, in gold and silver. (2) Clocks, for the drawing-room, dining-room, hall, office, &c., turret clocks being also a speciality of the house. (3) Jewellery of all descriptions, gold, silver, plated, jet, &c., displaying the newest designs and most elegant workmanship. (4) Fine silver goods, including forks and spoons, tea and coffee sets, dessert and fish knives and forks, cups, salvers, epergnes, &c., &c. (5) Electro-plated goods of the best quality, comprising spirit-stands, cruets, biscuit and tea caddies, waiters, tea and coffee services, spoons and forks, &c. Besides the above Messrs. Barry have developed several other important and interesting departments in which they show many high-class productions in fancy cabinet goods (such as desks, work-boxes, jewel-cases, dressing-cases, &c.), fine leather goods, albums in great variety, optical and mathematical instruments, &c.

Presentation plate forms one of the leading specialities of this firm, and goods of this class can be produced to order on the shortest notice. Specialities and novelties of a character suitable for presents will always be found in Messrs. Barry’s stock in very large variety, and the establishment has become a recognised source of supply for such wares. In the matter of presentation work the firm under notice enjoy very high repute, and they have had the honour of making the various caskets presented by the Corporation of Cardiff to personages of distinction, amongst others, the casket presented to Sir David Evans, late Lord Mayor of London, together with the Freedom of the Borough of Cardiff, in July, 1892. It is noteworthy that the work entrusted to Messrs. Barry in this very special department has been secured by them in open competition. It may be mentioned that this firm have recently erected the fine four-dial public clock in the Cardiff Market — a piece of work the contract for which was also secured in competition. Among other departments of this fine old business we note those for indoor and outdoor games of various kinds. In this connection Messrs. Barry supply all requisites for chess and draughts. Repairs of all kinds receive careful attention, skilful workmen being employed on the premises under the personal supervision of the principals, who are thorough masters of the trade in all its details. The house of Messrs. James T. Barry & Sons has long maintained its leading position, and continues to enjoy the patronage of a wide and influential clientele in all parts of South Wales. Moreover, the firm are frequently in receipt of orders from old patrons who have left the district, and many of whom! are now resident abroad.

WILLIAM YOUNG, FRUIT AND POTATO MERCHANT,
ROTUNDA BUILDINGS, WEST WHARF, CARDIFF.

THIS business was established by the present proprietor in 1885, and from its very commencement has always done a large trade. The premises consist of a large warehouse with a frontage of fifty feet and extending to the depth of one hundred and thirty feet. A number of hands are constantly employed and, owing to the nature of the business, these are for the most part women, but there are also three carters and two travellers employed. Mr. Young imports fruits, vegetables, and potatoes very largely, and all the year round business with him is brisk in the extreme. The reputation in which he is held, and the success which attends his efforts, are alike due to his untiring and careful management. The business is constantly increasing, and a large and important connection has been established. All orders receive the most strict, prompt, and punctual attention, and Mr. Young’s numerous customers put the most implicit confidence in his acting for their best interests, and this trust is not misplaced, nor has it ever been, nor is it likely to be, abused. The proprietor most carefully considers the full requirements of his clients.

JULIUS BREGARTNER, THE BUTE DOCK CLOTHIER,
182, BUTE ROAD, CARDIFF.

TWENTY-FOUR years ago was founded the well-known and world-renowned business of Mr. Julius Bregartner, Tailor, Hosier, Hatter, and Woollen-shirt Manufacturer. The extraordinary reputation of this establishment has secured for it a business of truly fabulous proportions. Here can be obtained at a short notice complete outfits for travellers to any part of the world, every detail of which is carefully studied and supplied ready for any distance or climate. No article consistent with the business of clothier can be applied for but will be found in stock, or made to order with all despatch and at terms which bear favourable comparison with those of other establishments in the Kingdom. The premises comprise a large shop fifty feet in length, with handsome plate-glass front and well-appointed interior, literally filled with a most valuable stock, consisting of goods of every possible description, with show-rooms above also devoted to stock. Apprentices’ outfits and slop-chests are made one of the special features of the business, and these are supplied at the lowest possible prices. Notwithstanding the enormous amount of the turnover, the business is not confined to the home trade only, as large quantities of goods are exported to South Africa and America. The sole proprietor, Mr. Julius Bregartner, devotes his personal attention to the management of the concern; and he is a gentleman well known in the district, of high business reputation, and greatly respected by the local community.

BARAGWANATH BROTHERS, ENGLISH AND FOREIGN FRUIT, POTATO, AND GAME SALESMEN,
ROTUNDA BUILDINGS, CARDIFF; AND AT BIRMINGHAM.

THIS business was established in 1882 by Messrs. S. A. and James Baragwanath, the present proprietors, Mr. S. A. Baragwanath conducting the Cardiff house and his brother the Birmingham business. A very large trade is done at both branches, involving the employment of a large staff. The offices and warehouse are of necessity of very large dimensions to enable the firm in any way to cope with the immense demand made upon their resources. The extensive connection that Messrs. Baragwanath Brothers have causes the stock to be constantly changing hands, and thus ever requiring fresh supplies. The trade done is in English and foreign fruits and potatoes, and also they are flower, game, and rabbit salesmen. Messrs. Baragwanath are also general commission agents, and are frequently called upon to conduct large sales outside their own particular line of business. The most punctual and prompt attention is paid to any orders and instructions with which they are favoured. The whole of the business, at both houses, is personally superintended by the partners themselves. They in all respects consult their clients’ welfare, and in return retain their esteem, confidence, and patronage. The branch of the business at Smithfield Market, Birmingham, is conducted on similar lines to the Cardiff business, and is managed by Mr. James Baragwanath.

MRS. W. H. BIBBINGS, GLASS AND CHINA DEALER,
37 AND 39, ROYAL ARCADE, CARDIFF.

THE distribution of glass and china of every class and grade, from the cheapest and commonest varieties to the most expensive examples, finds admirable illustration and exemplification at Cardiff at the hands of Mrs. W. H. Bibbings, who continues to carry on the first-class business which was organised by her late husband two-and-twenty years ago. The premises occupied consist of two spacious shops thrown into one, and affording exceptional facilities for a very grand window display. Within doors the vast variety of goods is most effectively and tastefully arranged, and a very large surplus stock is held in the ware-rooms above. Mrs. Bibbings caters liberally for all classes of the community, and is accordingly very largely patronised. Her stocks are selected with great judgment and care, and every article sold is priced at the very lowest figure consistent with equitable trading. She, moreover, does a very substantial business in providing good sets of glass and china on hire, for dinner parties, banquets, and other large festive functions, and altogether controls a very widespread and most desirable trade, upon principles that are well calculated to continuously promote the prosperity of her house, and to sustain it in the public favour it has so long and so deservedly enjoyed.

A. M. CAMPBELL, FRUIT MERCHANT,
116, QUEEN STREET, CARDIFF.

THIS important and high-class business was founded about thirty years ago, and has had a highly successful career under the able management of its sole principal, Mr. A. M. Campbell. The present premises have been occupied about seven years, and afford every accommodation for a large and superior trade. They comprise a spacious and handsomely appointed shop, well stocked with choice fruits, vegetables, tinned fruit, &c. In these goods Mr. Campbell does one of the best trades in South Wales, and his stock is unsurpassed in quality and variety. The business is conducted upon first-class lines exclusively, and all its operations receive the personal attention of the proprietor, whose long practical experience has made him a thorough master of his important trade in all its details. Mr. Campbell has worthily gained his prominent position in the trade in Cardiff, having catered carefully and enterprisingly for a connection which extends all over the district, and at the present time his house enjoys that substantial reputation which attaches only to those establishments that have honestly won the confidence of the public.

THE WEST COAST STEAMSHIP INSURANCE ASSOCIATION,
EXCHANGE BUILDINGS, CARDIFF.

A HIGHLY important branch of commercial business, and one of special necessity to the shipping trade, is that of ship insurance, and a well-known and prominent firm is the West Coast Steamship Insurance Association, at the above address. The objects of the Association are the mutual insurance of every class of steamships against any of the innumerable accidents and perils of the sea. The Association also provides for latent defects, and against circumstances of every description which may result in loss. In the various classes of insurance the attention of all ship-owners may be directed to the following:— Vessels insured under section A, which covers total loss; under section B, for general average; under section C, for damages by collision; and under section D, for particular average. Members may enter in any or all of the above sections, as the liability in each is distinct. Certain allowances are also made for vessels waiting for freights, or laid up in port during repairs. The secretary of the Association is Mr. M. Dunn, who is a native of a northern port, and is well known in South Wales and district, and to the shipping insurance world. He is fully conversant with all details of shipping insurance, and gives careful and prompt attention to all business entrusted to him, and he is closely identified with the shipping interests of Cardiff.

WILLIAM DOBBS, MODERN AND ANTIQUE PORCELAIN AND GLASS MERCHANT,
72, QUEEN STREET, CARDIFF.

AFTER an extended experience in the glass and china trade at Swansea, Mr. William Dobbs, in the year 1867, migrated to Cardiff, where he opened his always popular depot in Queen Street, and continued to carry on a particularly profitable business for many years in premises not far distant from his present eligible quarters. Like many others, his emporium is located in what was once a private residence. Attractive from without in virtue of the tasteful window display made, the spacious shop, which extends backwards for a distance of some hundred and twenty feet, with a width of twenty-two feet, is still more alluring within, for here may be inspected a thoroughly representative stock of glass and china, both useful and ornamental, amidst which very many rare and exquisitely beautiful examples of the glassworker’s and potter’s art may be examined; some of them of venerable age, others fresh from the factories both at home and abroad, and all of these goods are moderately priced. As a consequence of this Mr. Dobbs enjoys a very large and most desirable patronage, drawn principally from the best families resident in the town and county; and he conducts his business in all its details in a manner and upon principles that have won for him the esteem and confidence of all those who have come into commercial contact with him.

ALLSOPP & CO., TAILORS AND OUTFITTERS,
12 AND 13, CAROLINE STREET, AND 6, CARLISLE STREET, CARDIFF.

THIS busy and enterprising firm first commenced operations in the year 1888, and having quickly made their name known for the excellence of the goods supplied in their establishment, they have since, from year to year, increased and developed the scope and extent of their considerable operations with the most highly satisfactory results. The premises occupied by Messrs. Allsopp & Co. are very roomy and commodious, and consist of a substantial three-storey building of red brick, which is known as the Cloth Hall. The trade done is exclusively for cash, and very large quantities of readymade clothing and men’s mercery are handled. The shop is of bold and commanding appearance, and there is a fine warehouse at the rear, while the extensive basement is also used for storage purposes. A busy and flourishing trade is in operation, and the firm is supported by a very large and widespread connection, and is looked upon as one of the most important and prosperous houses in this line in the town. Mr. G. H. Allsopp, the principal, devotes close and watchful supervision to all the details of the business. He is a very capable and energetic gentleman, and is greatly esteemed and respected in commercial circles.

W. LEWIS, COACHBUILDER, &c.,
TUDOR CARRIAGE WORKS, 2, CLARE STREET, AND TUDOR LANE, RIVERSIDE, CARDIFF.

THIS thriving and rapidly-growing concern was originally established by Mr. Lewis about five years ago, and is located in a roomy and commodious building of the considerable dimensions of one hundred and fifty feet long by sixty feet wide, having in addition an extensive and conveniently arranged yard. There are large and completely fitted and equipped carriage body-making shops and painting and finishing departments, and at the rear a capital smiths’ shop. There are also very spacious show-rooms situated in Clare Street, where some splendid specimens of the coachbuilder’s craft are displayed, and afford ample evidence of the elegance, lightness, and strength which Mr. Lewis makes it his study to combine in the work sent out from his establishment. A staff of upwards of twenty first-class workmen are constantly and regularly employed under the close and attentive personal supervision and direction of the principal, who is himself a thoroughly practical man of valuable experience and thorough practical knowledge of all branches of the trade. Although Mr. Lewis has only been established in the Tudor Carriage Works for comparatively a few years, he has built up a very sound and influential connection by whom his good workmanship and careful attention to all details are cordially and substantially appreciated, and he is universally looked up to and respected as one of the most promising of the rising business men in the town.

LEWIS & LEWIS, COMPLETE HOUSE FURNISHERS,
28, DUKE STREET, CARDIFF; AND AT 137, COMMERCIAL STREET, NEWPORT (MON.).

THIS important business originated upwards of fifty years ago, and has been in the hands of the present firm for the past thirty-seven years. Mr. Daniel Lewis, formerly the sole proprietor, is now retired from the business, but he remains one of the best-known public men of Cardiff, and is the oldest Alderman in the Corporation. He was joined by his son under the style of Daniel Lewis & Son, but in 1882 the present title of Lewis & Lewis was adopted, the son and nephew (Messrs. D. E. and J. P. Lewis) becoming joint principals. Since then there has been no change in the firm, and under the administration of these able and energetic gentlemen the business has been continuously developed until it is now one of the most important concerns of its kind in the district. The premises in Duke Street are well adapted to the requirements of a large and comprehensive furnishing trade. They contain a number of spacious show-rooms, which display to advantage a remarkably large and attractive stock of house furniture of every description, and after an inspection, of these goods the visitor becomes aware that Messrs. Lewis & Lewis are in a position to supply every requisite for the equipment of a house in any style. Cabinet furniture, upholstered goods, carpets, curtains, and decorative fabrics of every kind all come within the scope of the firm’s operations. Messrs. Lewis & Lewis are practical manufacturers, and have large works close to the Taff Vale railway station, where they carry on their industrial operations upon a large scale, these being the only extensive furniture works located at Cardiff.

The trade controlled is a high-class one in every way, and the house has a reputation for artistic and inexpensive goods, moderate prices being judiciously associated with a high standard of excellence and beauty. The stock held by Messrs. Lewis & Lewis is, in its entirety, one of the finest of its kind in the Principality, and will be found to embrace goods suitable for any residence. Many of the firm’s special productions are of rare elegance and great value, and the greatest care is bestowed upon every department, all work being carried out under the immediate supervision of the principals. Few houses enjoy a more valuable connection, and the trade extends to all parts of South Wales. In addition to this, Messrs. Lewis & Lewis have many customers at a considerable distance, and frequently receive orders from patrons residing abroad. It ought to be mentioned that one of the most successful features of this firm’s business consists in the manufacture of special articles of furniture to order. In this class of work they attain the best possible results and enjoy a great reputation.

Daniel Lewis, Esq., the respected founder of this house, now devotes his attention entirely to public affairs, in which his record has been long and honourable. In 1879 he filled the high office of Mayor of Cardiff with credit to himself and advantage to the borough, and at the present time he is one of the Justices of the Peace for the county, besides holding several other public positions. On the occasion of the Marquis of Bute occupying the position of Mayor of Cardiff, Alderman D. Lewis was unanimously selected to fill the post of deputy-mayor during his lordship’s term of office. To show his appreciation of the services of the worthy alderman, it may be mentioned that, his portrait in oils was presented to the Cardiff Council by the Marquis. The frame bears a tablet with the following inscription “Presented to the Cardiff: Corporation by the Most Honourable the Marquess of Bute, K.T., Mayor of Cardiff, 1890-91, in recognition of the services rendered to his lordship by his deputy, Ald. Daniel Lewis, J.P.” Messrs.
D. E. and J. P. Lewis, the present members of the firm, are thoroughly capable and Enterprising business men, and their continued success is a source of satisfaction to their many friends in Cardiff and Newport.

W. & S. HERN, ESTATE, HOUSE, AND LAND AGENTS, AND AUCTIONEERS,
94, ST. MARY STREET, CARDIFF.

THIS highly important business was established in 1849 by Mr. H. T. Beck. This gentleman was succeeded in 1855 by Mr. W. Hern. In 1871 Mr. Samuel Hern (nephew of the last-named gentleman) was admitted into partnership, and in 1876 became the sole proprietor, continuing to trade under the title of Messrs. W. & S. Hern. The premises occupied consist of a handsome Suite of three rooms, fitted and furnished in a most superior manner. There are ten competent clerks employed, and the business is one of the largest of the kind in the district. For many years, a reputation of the highest order has been held for the ability displayed on all matters relating to the house agency department. The only register of houses, &c. for sale or to let, published in South Wales is issued by this firm under the title of the ‘South Wales Property Gazette.’ The firm undertake every branch connected with the management of house and landed property, and carefully look to the interests of clients. They are well known as thoroughly competent auctioneers, and public and private accountants and auditors, in the two latter capacities being employed by many of the leading local and district companies.

Mr. Hern also holds the following highly important posts, and discharges the duties connected with them in such an efficient manner as to win ever increasing confidence and esteem:- He is a director of the Provincial Tramway Company of Cardiff, Portsmouth, and Plymouth; chairman of the Glamorgan Bill-posting Company, and the Mart Auction Company; secretary of the Cardiff Borough Building Society; and agent for the leading fire and life, mortgage, and financial assurance companies. Of pleasing and courteous disposition, he has many friends and admirers, while his strict integrity causes him to be honoured by all having transactions with him.

W. J. BROCKINGTON & CO., LADIES’ TAILORS,
59, QUEEN STREET, CARDIFF.

SINCE the firm of Messrs. Brockington & Co. was established by the principal, originally at 29, Castle Arcade, there has been no occasion for the ladies of South Wales generally to make costly pilgrimages to Redfern’s, or Other London West End shrines of fashion, in order to obtain “tailor-made” garments of the highest class of artistic workmanship. So widely has this fact been recognised that removal to far more commodious premises, situated as above, has become imperative. Before lighting the sacred lamp of high sartorial art in Cardiff, Mr. W. J. Brockington had become a past-master in all the mysteries of his calling, having studied all the cunning devices which are known in the best ladies’ tailoring establishments of London, and the resorts of fashionable gaiety in the West of England. The elegant appearance of Mr. Brockington’s business premises is in harmonious keeping with the high-class character of his business. They comprise an elegantly-appointed shop with some thirty feet of plate-glass frontage, and a depth of some fifty feet. To the rear of this there is a ladies’ room, with every convenience for the reception of patronesses. The upper floors are utilised as cutting and tailoring departments, where accommodation is provided for a large staff of highly-skilled and experienced workmen. During the short time which has elapsed since Mr. Brockington’s establishment in Cardiff, he has succeeded in creating for himself the best possible connections. Experience has proved to the most fastidious that the materials and the workmanship supplied at this establishment are alike of the highest quality, while the prices charged for articles of the deftest cut and the most exquisite finish are far below those quoted for goods of a similar quality in Bond Street, Oxford Street, or Regent Street. The same artistic faculty which ensures Mr. Brockington’s success in dealing with ladies’ habits, costumes, and braided jackets has enabled him to introduce to the satisfaction of connoisseurs, several specialities for gentlemen in the form of hunting, walking, and fishing suits. His lengthened experience has given him all the technical knowledge and skill necessary for the production of perfectly accurate naval and military uniforms, while his excellent taste in clerical costume has been approved of by the highest authorities, and his original designs for liveries show a high degree of artistic ingenuity. All the work done in the establishment is carefully supervised by the principal, and therefore bears the supreme stamp of excellence. Mr. Brockington’s uniform courtesy and his zealous enthusiasm in his profession have won him many friends and the complete confidence of all his customers.

E. D. STANGALA, COAL EXPORTER, SHIPBROKER, AND COMMISSION AGENT,
MERCHANTS’ EXCHANGE, CARDIFF.

THIS highly important business was founded in 1883 by the present proprietor. The premises occupied are on the Merchants’ Exchange, Bute Docks. Mr. Stangala is principally engaged in exporting coal and iron, which are shipped to all parts, and which are from some of the best collieries and ironworks in South Wales. All kinds of commissions are undertaken in connection with these two important commodities, these being carried out with business promptitude. Mr. Stangala is also occupied, to a considerable extent, as a shipbroker, and in various other branches of a similar nature. In all these he has all along shown himself to be thoroughly conversant with the details, and has built up a large and decidedly influential connection. In addition to the many duties involved by such a variety of important branches, he is also the. Vice-Consul of the Turkish Government, filling the position with ability. He likewise holds the agency for the mercantile Greek fleet for chartering and buying. There are branches at Newport and Swansea, which are of material aid to the head establishment at Cardiff. The telegraphic address is “Stangala, Cardiff,” and Scott’s and Watkins’ codes are used. As a courteous honourable, and energetic gentleman, Mr. Stangala is held in that large amount of respect that is due to sterling personal merit.

WILLIAM POWELL, GROCER, TEA DEALER, AND FROVISION MERCHANT,
DEVONSHIRE HOUSE, 54, ST. MARY STREET, CARDIFF.

ORIGINALLY projected by its present able and energetic proprietor in the same busy thoroughfare some four-and-twenty years ago, the commercial development of this thriving concern became so rapid that about seven years ago Mr. Powell found it necessary to make considerable extensions, and accordingly entered upon the present eligible premises, now familiarly known as Devonshire House, conveniently located hard by the Wyndham Arcade. Mr. Powell has; built up his reputation, and determined a very large and essentially high-class trade to his house, by making it a hard-and-fast rule to sell none but the very finest goods procurable from leading markets of the day. Here may be inspected, in th6 most perfect condition, an exhaustive supply of superior groceries, teas and coffees of the finest brands and blends, choice Continental comestibles and Colonial and Indian produce, American canned goods and table delicacies of the highest order, prime provisions of every kind, and the finest of butter and cream, derived direct from Devonian dairies; and in this last-named line Mr. Powell does by far the largest trade in the district. His business has, as already suggested, been built up upon the intrinsic merits of his goods, and is carried on with great energy and ability upon a thoroughly sound and straightforward system, and is well calculated to secure for future continuance the large and influential patronage he now so deservedly enjoys.

BARRY’S HOTEL,
ST. MARY STREET, CARDIFF.
PROPRIETRESS: MRS. M. A. BARRY.

THIS establishment was opened in 1888, and the business has been very carefully and successfully developed until it is now an important and leading one of its kind. The hotel occupies a prominent position, and is conveniently located for all classes of visitors, being close to the Great Western Railway Station. The premises consist of an imposing structure of four storeys height, built of Bath stone and ornamented with polished red granite columns, and having a frontage of sixty-three feet into St. Mary Street. Proceeding by the main entrance on the ground floor, one comes to an extensive and exceedingly handsome restaurant. This apartment is about sixty feet long by twenty feet wide. The floor is paved with mosaic tiles, and the walls are panelled with painted tiles representing romantic and picturesque places and artistic “bits” in various parts of the Kingdom. The room is magnificently fitted up with mirrors, glass, sideboards, marble-top counter, and silver grill, while a fountain imparts a delicious coolness to the place. Adjacent is the dining-room, which is sixty feet by twenty feet in dimensions, has fine stained-glass windows, and affords ample accommodation for one hundred and fifty guests. A fountain is likewise playing here. Close at hand is the carving department, fitted up with the newest things in carving and heating tables. The commercial-room is on the first floor, and is charmingly upholstered in saddle velvet, and adjoining is a nice writing and reading room. The coffee-room is furnished in the antique style, and the tables are tastefully ornamented. This room is lighted by four fine windows, and splendid views can be obtained of the Bristol Channel and the surrounding neighbourhood. The smoke-room is large and comfortable, and is provided with chess-tables and every requisite and convenience. The bedrooms on the second floor are about forty in number, and are neatly furnished in the same comfortable manner. The kitchen is on the roof, whereby the objectionable smell of cooking which pervades some hotels is altogether avoided. The kitchen is forty feet square, and built entirely of white vitrified bricks.

The hotel offers every convenience both to commercial men and private visitors, and neither in excellence of service or moderate charges can “Barry’s” be readily beaten. The catering leaves nothing to be desired, all the delicacies of the season being every day provided. This department is presided over by three experienced chefs, while the wants and wishes of guests are attended to by a well-trained staff of close upon forty waiters and waitresses. The sanitary arrangements of the establishment are perfect. A hydraulic lift by Waygood, of London, conveys persons and luggage from one floor to another, and the entire premises, from roof to cellar, are illuminated by electricity, no gas being now used. Mrs. Barry, the genial and able proprietress, spares no pains to give entire satisfaction to her patrons. Without being obtrusive, her influence is felt in the management of the hotel down to the smallest detail, and to her care, forethought, and administrative skill the marked success and increasing popularity of the hotel is mainly due.

W. C. HURLEY, LIVERY-STABLE PROPRIETOR,
PARK MEWS AND NORTHCOTE MEWS, CARDIFF.

THIS well-known business was founded in the year 1881, and was for some time carried on in Westgate Street. The proprietor, who was formerly manager of the Cardiff tramways, is possessed of an exhaustive knowledge of the business in which he is so largely engaged, which enables him to most successfully compete with any other firm. The stables contain accommodation for fifty horses, and are clean, well ventilated, and have all the improvements in sanitation. There is ample choice of every description of open and close carriages, and special carriages are kept for weddings. Neat dogcarts are among the stock, and Mr. Hurley is the proprietor of the magnificent drag “Perseverance,” which is sent out, with four horses and two attendants, for daily excursions, and as a speciality for weekly and longer trips. There are breaks of all kinds, suitable for picnic or pleasure parties. The branches of the business are all fully embraced. Horses are kept at livery, and horses and carriages are let by the day, week, month, or year. The terms throughout are very reasonable, and customers may implicitly rely upon the conduct of the horses and the sobriety and trustworthiness of the drivers. The depots are at the following addresses:— Park Mews, Park Place; Northcote Mews, Richmond Road; and Penarth Road. The telephone connections are Nos. 510, 531, and 544. The business is smartly managed, being under the personal supervision of Mr. W. C. Hurley, who is the sole proprietor, and who is justly regarded as one of Cardiff’s most enterprising and prominent tradesmen.

M. F. SPARKS, THE “BON MARCHE” CHINA, GLASS, AND EARTHENWARE STORES,
111, QUEEN STREET, CARDIFF.

IN the list of commercial firms that flourish in the busy town of Cardiff a place should be assigned to the business of Mr. M. F. Sparks, which has for a number of years occupied a good position in connection with the china, glass, and earthenware trades. This business, to which the name of the “Bon Marche” has been given, was originally established in the year 1882, and has since been steadily developed and expanded with the most satisfactory results. The premises are advantageously located in a very favourable business position at 111, Queen Street, and are very central and convenient. The shop is of attractive appearance, having a handsome plate-glass front, and the large and comprehensive stock, which has been selected with evident care and much judgment, is skilfully and tastefully displayed. The articles shown include china, glass, and earthenware of every description. It may not be out of place to mention a line that has been very much appreciated in the “Davenport” dinner service, made of beautiful ironstone, with safety handles and covers, which is shown in all the newest colours and patterns; also fine specimens of Doulton and Coalport. Matchings are also carefully attended to, and a busy department is occupied in the letting-out of table glass, china, &c., on hire. The “Bon Marche” is well known for choice and reliable goods in every class at moderate prices. This business is conducted under the direct supervision of Mr. M. F. Sparks himself, who is an energetic business man. Personally he is very well known in commercial circles and respected by all with whom he comes in contact.

J. MUNDAY, OPERATIVE AND DISPENSING CHEMIST, ENGLISH AND FOREIGN PHARMACY,
1, HIGH STREET, CARDIFF.

DATING back in its foundation to the year 1827, when it was organised and subsequently carried on for many years by a Mr. Thomas, this representative pharmacy, after having been successfully developed by Mr. W. Cross, eventually came under the vigorous control of its present able and energetic proprietor, Mr. J. Munday, who had previously won his laurels in the profession as the trusted manager of the Pharmacie Beral, in the Rue de la Paix, Paris. The premises occupy the commanding corner site formed by the junction of Duke Street and High Street, to both of which busy thoroughfares it presents a fine expanse of most tastefully-dressed windows. The fine corner entrance leads into a spacious handsomely - appointed shop, fitted and stocked with a remarkably large and comprehensive series of not only English but French and American medicines and pharmaceutical preparations, drugs and chemicals, all of which are of standard strength and ascertained purity. In addition to these there are, of course, all the popular medicines, toilet requisites, &c., of the day; medical and surgical appliances and invalids’ requisites and chemists’ sundries. Prominence, moreover, is given to a variety of very valuable proprietary articles manufactured by Mr. Munday, which have not only won for him a widespread local reputation, but are very largely used in all parts of the Kingdom and abroad, Mr. Munday being represented in London by Messrs. Wilcox & Co., of 239, Oxford Street, W., and by other well-known agents in all the principal towns of the United Kingdom, by M. Beral, 14, Rue de la Paix, Paris, and by Messrs. Perry & Co., 97, Kalverstraat, Amsterdam. Amongst these, special mention must be made of Munday’s Viridine, which not merely relieves, but painlessly and radically removes corns and warts and all kinds of kindred callosities. Then there are Munday’s liver pills, Munday’s anti-rhumine in the form of smelling salts, for the cure of colds in the head, influenza, &c.; Munday’s compound phosphated elixir of quinine, which is reputed to be an excellent nerve and brain stimulant and tonic: Cross’s vegetable balsam, for coughs, bronchitis, &c.; Cross’s gout and rheumatic pills; Cross’s Canadian liniment, for rheumatic pains, sprains, &c.

In his purely professional department Mr. Munday operates in every branch of pharmacy and devotes the most careful and competent attention to the dispensing oi physicians’ prescriptions and the compounding of family recipes for either English or foreign formulae, his long practice in Paris having rendered him familiar with all the details of Continental dispensing. To conclude, his business in every detail is most capably and energetically conducted upon a thoroughly sound and well-balanced basis: and all its characteristics are those of a house whose nature has been influenced and whose methods have been formed by a constant catering to the needs and requirements of a very large, widespread, and essentially superior class of patrons.

ARTHUR BISHOP, SADDLER AND HARNESS-MAKER,
24, DUKE STREET, CARDIFF.

AFTER over five years’ experience in the trade in London, and twenty years’ experience in Sherborne, Dorset, Mr. Bishop came to Cardiff about three years ago, and opened the attractive and well-organised establishment in which he has been so successful from the first. The premises occupied in Duke Street are well adapted to the purposes of a first-class saddlery trade, and the spacious and admirably appointed shop displays to advantage a very complete stock of saddles, harness, whips, and all riding and driving requisites. The house under notice has several important specialities, which have met with much favour in sporting circles and among equestrians generally. For example, here is that clever invention of Mr. Bishop’s, the “Digby-Pelham” bit, for curious-mouthed horses, more especially those with one-sided mouth; this bit, having an entirely new bearing at the side, renders the animal most pleasant to ride and drive. Another very valuable bit invention of his is a riding or driving curb, whereby the rein-loop without touching the rein can be shifted either way so as to make the bit either severe or most easy; this great improvement renders it necessary to have but one in use instead of having different sizes. And this is supplemented by many other patterns in bits, to suit all requirements. Among other notable articles are safety stirrups, anti-clothing and crib-biting straps, Bishop’s “B.V.H.” harness paste, improved Indian Numnah for ease and comfort to the back, yearling halters and breaking-tackle, the “Perfect” girth, Bishop’s excellent and effectual saddle dryer, &c., &c.

Mr. Bishop manufactures and supplies horse clothing of all patterns and qualities, riding leggings of excellent shape and finish, tail scissors to prevent irregular cutting, horse measures, in the form of walking-sticks, blackthorn sticks, natural crops, whips of every description, boots for horses’ joints, solid leather portmanteaus, brief and cash bags, dress-baskets, and hat-boxes, and travelling-cases of every kind. Mr. Bishop’s newly invented (and protected) kit-bag has proved itself to be, without doubt, the greatest success. This is naturally accounted for by the very large number of people travelling compared with those who keep horses. The advantages of this bag over all others may be thus briefly summarised:- one side thereof is perfectly stiff, and, connected with this, in the inside, is a large pocket for holding shirts and other linen, which under no circumstances can be crushed or soiled, and can be taken out without removing anything else. It is most easy to carry, and but little heavier than the actual weight of its contents. The frames are all guaranteed of Sheffield make, yet the cost is but little more than the old-fashioned Gladstone bag, and does not require repairing. Mr. Bishop is also the patentee of a waterproof driving or riding coat, which is admirably adapted for protecting the legs and body from rain. His hunting-apron is acknowledged by all who have used it to be the most perfect article of its kind, and most easily adjusted, being quite free from straps. A leading speciality is also made of driving-gloves, these being all hand-made, and of the finest and softest leather. In many of these goods his well-known inventive capacity is exhibited, and in all articles the most reliable materials and workmanship are embodied.

In the shop Mr. Bishop has a particularly fine collection of driving-whips in what is known as “rabbit-bitten” holly, mounted with silver and gold. These whips are much sought after, but are very scarce, and Mr. Bishop’s collection of them is the largest and best in Great Britain. Mr. Bishop holds important testimonials from many masters of hounds and leading men in hunting circles, and his goods find their way to almost all parts of the world. Few men can show a more interesting collection of sporting antiquities, sporting prints, paintings, &c. For the convenience of patrons, a registry is kept of horses, carriages, and servants, so that persons can be promptly supplied in these respects. Mr. Bishop is a large exhibitor of saddlery and harness at agricultural and horse shows throughout Great Britain, and he has never been beaten in competition. For six successive years he has carried off the first prize at Cardiff, and many other first prizes have testified to the genuine merit of his goods. Mr. Bishop has thought it wise to apply for a patent for his double harness, which need only be seen in use to be appreciated. The great advantage is that horses’ necks are not rubbed at the top from the great weight of Hame tugs, the very simple hook fastener being done at the splinter-bar, the trace running through a loop in the pad, as in tandem harness. Every portion of this double harness can be connected and used for single. Possessing a sound practical knowledge of the trade in all its details, Mr. Bishop personally supervises every operation of his business, and by his ability and straightforwardness he attains m the full confidence of all his customers at home and abroad.

W. H. MATON, GOLDSMITH, AND JEWELLER,
PARK HALL BUILDINGS, CARDIFF.

MR. MATON has only been established at the above address a little more than two years, having commenced operations here in March, 1891, but he has already obtained a sound and recognised position in the foremost rank of local commercial circles, and the scope of his busineess, already of considerable importance, shows every sign of further steady and progressive increase and continuous development. The premises are advantageously situated in Park Hall Buildings, and are roomy and commodious, and of handsome and attractive appearance. The shop has a large double front fitted with expensive plate-glass and the interior fittings and appointments are very elegant and conveniently arranged. The stock is very valuable and tastefully chosen, the selection showing much artistic perception and experienced judgment. The varied and comprehensive list of articles shown includes engagement and wedding rings and dress jewellery of every description, as well as English, Swiss, and American watches and clocks of all kinds and a heavy stock of sterling silver articles de luxe and best electro-plate, he making a speciality in this line of the latest novelties and nicknacks for wedding and birthday presents. There is also a first-rate assortment of spectacles, eyeglasses, &c., as well as opera and field glasses, thermometers and barometers, photographic apparatus, and similar articles. There are extensive workshops on the premises, and repairs of every sort are promptly, skilfully, and carefully executed by skilled and experienced workmen. Mr. Maton has an excellent name for the superior quality of the goods he supplies, as well as for the fairness of his prices, and he enjoys the favour and support of a widespread and influential connection of the best class. He has a thorough practical knowledge and experience of every branch of the trade, and is a member of the British Horological Institute of London. Personally he is well known and very popular locally.

J. R. ROBERTSON, TAILOR AND HABIT-MAKER,
DUKE STREET, CARDIFF.

AFTER an experience extending over thirty years in various parts of the country, Mr. J. R. Robertson some two years since opened his present prosperous business in Duke Street, and has since then developed an exclusively high-class trade which extends practically to every part of South Wales, although, of course, it is most largely developed in Cardiff and its immediate surroundings. The premises occupied consist of a spacious elegantly-appointed shop, very heavily stocked with a very choice selection of fashionable fabrics, and are augmented by well-equipped work-rooms, and with every convenience for measuring and fitting on. Mr. Robertson is highly reputed alike for ladies, and gentlemen’s, tailoring, both departments receiving the most assiduous attention, and his general clientele is developed largely among the best families resident m the neighbourhood, and a large measure of his success is due to the fact that not only is he himself a thoroughly practical tailor and cutter, competent to supervise every detail of the business, but every man employed by him is a soundly experienced, skilful, and capable exponent of the tailor’s art, and is chosen a member of the working staff by reason of his qualifications in these respects. Every lady’s garment and habit made is fitted on by an expert fitter, and all garments, whether for ladies or gentlemen, receive the personal and exhaustive consideration of Mr. Robertson himself. In gentlemen’s tailoring he also excels, and commands a most important business, executing only first-class work, and giving to each garment a style, fit, and finish that can only be imparted by a perfect master of the sartorial art, and in this department he makes a speciality of hunting breeches and gaiters, and stands unsurpassed for the superiority and high finish of all his productions.

CORFIELD & MORGAN, GENERAL BUILDING MATERIAL MERCHANTS AND BUILDERS' IRONMONGERS,
PARADE, ROATH, CARDIFF.
WORKS: METAL STREET, &C.

THIS great industry was established in 1874 in the commodious premises still occupied. The members of the firm are Mr. J. H. Corfield and Mr. D. Morgan, both of whom have a thorough technical knowledge of all the departments of the many-sided business in which they are engaged. As General Building-material Merchants and Builders’ Ironmongers they have, by their large manufacturing resources, and by the comprehensive stocks of building requisites which they always hold, been enabled to benefit to the fullest possible extent by the extraordinary demand for new commercial and residential premises which has existed in Cardiff throughout the last two decades. Their premises at the Parade, Tredegarville, and Metal Street, Splottlands, cover a considerable area, and comprise extensive yards, show-rooms, and offices. The offices are furnished with telephone communication, and with all the other appliances of modern device for facilitating the despatch of the extensive commercial transactions of the house. The telephone number is 602, and the registered telegraphic address is “State, Cardiff.”

In the spacious yard are always held large stocks of roofing slates, tiles, pipes, and other bulky building materials. A fine display of stoves, ranges, and other internal fittings is made in the handsomely appointed show-rooms. Messrs. Corfield & Morgan have also a large industrial establishment in Metal Street, where, by the aid of powerful steam-engines, they produce large quantities of slate, marble, and moulding work. Here they employ all the necessary labour-saving machinery and mechanical appliances of the most approved modern type. The economies thus- effected in the several manufacturing processes are, therefore, material, and enable the firm to give very moderate quotations for productions of the best finish. The high artistic value of the chimney-pieces and other specialities which are produced in these works is testified to by the gold prize medals which were awarded to the firm, one by the Society of Architects at the Cardiff International Exhibition of 1885, and the other at the Building Trades Exhibition in London in 1889. Notwithstanding the economies made through the use of a first-class working plant, the output of Messrs. Corfield & Morgan necessitates the employment in their Metal Street works of about fifty hands, many of whom are highly skilled experts in their several departments. This, however, does not exhaust the producing resources of the firm. They execute a large amount of most artistic monumental work in the roomy premises which they occupy for that purpose in the Great Western Yard, using for the purpose large stocks of the finest granite and marble. They likewise hold large surplus stocks of roofing slates. The notable success which has been achieved by this firm is chiefly due to the careful personal supervision which the principals bestow upon all its numerous details, and to the zeal which they display in meeting the special requirements of each of their numerous customers. In this way they have gained the implicit confidence of a large number of the leading firms of builders, not only in Cardiff, but throughout the whole of South Wales.

Furnivall & Son, Chemists,
118, Castle Road, Cardiff.

This notable and important business was founded by the present senior partner, Mr. W. Furnivall, in 1872. For some time he has had in partnership his son, Mr. W. Heber Furnivall, who is an associate of the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain. The partners occupy a large and very handsome shop, having a fine double plate-glass front. The interior is fitted with taste and refinement, while the goods are particularly well arranged. Among the stock will be seen the productions of many leading manufacturers and inventors, and there are all the sundries on hand pertaining to a first-class establishment of this kind. The members of the firm exercise great care in the selection of their drugs and chemicals, buying from the best wholesale houses only. They hold a large stock of the most approved English, American, and Continental patent medicines, proprietary articles, &c. The shop is noted for its choice perfumery, toilet requirements, fancy soaps, brushes, sponges, specialities for the nursery, invalids, &c.. Messrs. Furnivall & Son are the sole proprietors of a valuable preparation that is widely known as the “sailor’s friend,” or American pain cure, sold at one shilling per bottle. It has proved a thorough master of toothache, neuralgia, cholera, diarrhoea, spasms and cramp. The proprietors have the testimony of Engineer Rolands that he sold the cordial at half a guinea a teaspoonful. This gentlemen further states that it was cheap at the price, as it saved the life of the purchaser. But Messrs. Furnivall’s principal speciality is the American Cough Elixir. This is without doubt a splendid remedy, which has been steadily increasing in reputation for the last fifteen years, and is now in much demand in all parts of the United Kingdom. A vast number of testimonials have been received by the proprietors. We quote only two or three as a sample. Mr. Mence, of Coveny Street. Cardiff, says:— “I was suffering from a severe cough. It came on generally at night, so that, I could obtain no proper rest, but am glad to say your infallible Elixir has completely cured me. I only took one bottle as it was quite unnecessary to take more. I can and do recommend it as a certain remedy to all who suffer from cough or tightness of the chest.” Mr. Trewent, of Blenheim Place, Neyland, says:— “Your Cough Elixir is a grand remedy for coughs and colds. Especially is this the case in the distressing cough which follows that dreadful malady, influenza. You are at liberty to use this testimonial if you think fit to do so.” Mr. Barron, Waterford, Ireland, says:— “Please send me a 2s. 9d. bottle of Cough Elixir. It is a splendid remedy.” Mrs. Shears, of Northcotte Street, Cardiff, gives the practical testimonial of always using it herself, and also sending it to her friends in all parts of the country. Medicine-chests are supplied and refitted for sea on the most reasonable terms, and the utmost reliance may be reposed upon all the articles supplied. Both the partners have had much experience in their profession, and hold a deserved reputation for their skill and ability. Their connection is a far-reaching one, and by all having dealings of any kind with*them they are greatly esteemed and respected.

ALEXANDRA HOTEL, FAMILY AND COMMERCIAL,
QUEEN STREET, CARDIFF.

THIS most conveniently situated, comfortable, and well-patronised hotel stands at the corner of Upper Station Terrace, in Queen Street, almost directly opposite the Taff Vale Railway Station, and also within one minute’s walk of the Rhymney Railway Station. The premises have just undergone extensive alterations, and the hotel is now not only attractive in appearance and admirably arranged for business purposes, but it is, in the very truest sense, “a home from home.” The hotel proper contains drawing, dining, and private sitting rooms, thoroughly retired and elegantly furnished bedrooms with sitting-rooms en suite, bath-rooms, lavatories, &c., of the most modern construction, together with smoke and luncheon rooms, and spacious restaurant. The hotel is extensively patronised by commercial travellers (than whom no better judges of what an hotel should be are to be found), for whose special accommodation there is a first-class commercial-room, besides other conveniences. The hotel enjoys a high repute for the excellence of its cuisine and the superiority of the wines, &c., and a most important feature to recommend it is the strict moderation of the scale of charges throughout, whilst another important recommendation is the perfection of the sanitary arrangements, which leave nothing to be desired. Both trams and busses pass the hotel every few minutes to all parts of the town and suburbs. Mr. and Mrs. Jones (who for many years were connected with the “Rummer”) are exceedingly well known in Cardiff and the district, and are popular and respected. They are indefatigable in their efforts to ensure the comfort and convenience of their guests, always anticipating their wishes and wants, and this fact has popularised the hotel and added much to the extent of its patronage.
The hotel is in telephonic communication with town and district (No. 632).

JOHN THOMAS, COOPER, STAVE IMPORTER, VAT AND BACK MAKER.
WORKS AND SAW MILLS: HODGE’S ROW, CHRISTINA STREET, AND CANAL WHARF, BUTE ROAD, CARDIFF.

MR. THOMAS carries on the business of a very busy cooperage, and is the largest stave importer and cooper in South Wales. Mr. Thomas first laid the foundation of his thriving and prosperous operations some fifteen years or so ago. The premises consist of an extensive range of spacious sheds and workshops, with steam saw-mills and ample yard accommodation, while the establishment at Christina Street is also very roomy, and specially adapted for the making of vats, rounds, squares, mash-tuns, coolers, &c. Some thirty or more skilled and competent hands are employed. Mr. Thomas is ably assisted in the supervision and management by his son, Mr. W. Thomas. He also manufactures shives upon an extensive scale, and keeps a large number of brewers’ casks of all sizes ready in stock; also a large stock of brewery workshop requisites, viz., splayed hoops, screw and rivet bushes, coopers’ rivets, cases for repairing, &c. Mr. Thomas also is a dealer in petroleum and oil barrels, and exports in large quantities, and does a very extensive trade. He is much looked up to and very popular in commercial circles, and is alike esteemed and respected by all who have the advantage of his personal acquaintance.

W. H. ALLEN & CO., PLUMBERS AND GASFITTERS, SANITARY ENGINEERS, &C.,
8, ST. JOHN’S SQUARE, CARDIFF.

THIS progressive business was established by the present proprietor in 1888, on the premises mow occupied. These are commodious, and admirably meet the requirements of the trade. The shop has an attractive plate-glass front, and an effective display is made in the window. The shop is very heavily stocked with a number of high-class and serviceable goods, all containing the most improved principles. The most noticeable of these will be found in hot and cold water baths, lavatory stands and basins, electric and other fittings, closets, and every description of gas-fittings. The firm has established a sound reputation for the excellence of work in connection with all kinds of plumbing and gasfitting, skilful and experienced men only being employed. The workshops are at No. 246, Castle Road, are fully equipped With all the necessary appliances. The firm pay special attention to sanitation and ventilation, and have become known over a large area for the thorough manner in which they complete all the details in connection with these two important branches. Thoroughly practical, and giving careful personal attention to all details, the firm have succeeded in building up a large and superior connection, and have earned a name for enterprise, courtesy, and sterling ability.

W. J. TROUNCE, FOREIGN MONEY BANK,
STUART STREET, CARDIFF.

THIS well-known business was established in 1863, on the premises still occupied, by Mr. Trounce. These comprise spacious and well-furnished private and general offices on the ground floor of the building, which is very conveniently situate. The business has long held a very prominent position, and has become recognised as a substantial and well-managed concern. Mr. Trounce has extensive transactions, both as a shipbroker and a ship-owner. In the former department he has gained distinction for the great ability he has all along displayed, this being acquired by long and practical experience. Another very important branch is the foreign money bank and exchange, much resorted to by the shipping community. This department, like all the others undertaken by Mr. Trounce, is conducted in a most thorough manner. The value of foreign money is carefully posted daily, and may be taken to be entirely reliable. Drafts are issued on American and Continental cities, and various other services are rendered. As an old resident of Cardiff, and as one of her conspicuous commercial men, Mr. Trounce carries the respect of a large portion of the community, his genial disposition further increasing his popularity. He has been a member of the Cardiff Corporation for fifteen years, and is the sole representative in Wales for Messrs. Thomas Cook & Son, and other large shipping firms.

W. D. PODESTA, GENERAL SHIP REPAIRER, ENGINEER, FOUNDER AND BOILER-MAKER,
WEST SIDE, EAST BUTE DOCKS, CARDIFF, AND AT PENARTH AND BARRY.

THE well-known firm of Mr. W. D. Podesta was established by the present proprietor some fifteen years ago, and from its very inception has enjoyed a career of uninterrupted prosperity. The premises consist of large sheds and workshops of very large dimensions, and covering a considerable area, which in busy times afford employment to from seventy to eighty hands. He also has similar workshops at Penarth and Barry. As well as being general ship repairers and spar and mast makers, the firm are also shipwrights, shipsmiths, brass, copper, and tinplate workers, and in the various departments do a very extensive trade, which is ever on the increase. Boats of all lengths are kept in stock, and Mr. Podesta is a maker of double and treble main and windmill pumps. The stock also comprises a large assortment of steering wheels, galley stoves, chains, anchors, and ships’ fittings generally. All work entrusted to this firm is executed with the utmost despatch, and when finished invariably gives satisfaction. Mr. Podesta personally superintends all the details of the business, and has none but good workmen about him. He has secured a most influential and widespread connection. It is such houses as this that are the recognised exponents of the various branches of the shipping trade, and it well deserves the prominent position which the enterprise and ability of its proprietor has so unerringly attained.

EDWIN JENKS, HOUSE AND SIGN FAINTER, DECORATOR, OIL, COLOUR, AND PAPERHANGINGS MERCHANT,
28, QUEEN STREET, CARDIFF.

STARTED in business about forty-five years ago, and about four years ago removed from 41, Queen Street to the premises now occupied by him, which were specially built to meet his large and increasing business. The premises comprise a spacious shop, admirably appointed throughout to hold and display a large stock of paperhangings of every class and grade; all kinds of oils, colours, paints, and modern decorative materials, in which he carries on a very substantial wholesale and retail business. At the rear of the shop are the well-equipped works in connection with his business as an operative painter and decorator, which is probably the oldest, as it certainly is the most extensive, of its kind in the town. He undertakes, by contract or otherwise, all kinds of house, church, and other decorations, employing a large staff of skilled and talented workmen for the execution of such work. Mr. Jenks has won a high reputation for the refined and artistic manner in which he has carried out the several works entrusted to him in Cardiff and district, the most recent of which is the Town Hall, Brecon. Indeed, upon all questions relating to the branches of industry he so adequately represents Mr. Jenks is consulted as an authority and export, and this, added to his influential position in commercial and social circles, has been often urged as a reason why he should fulfil some public function, but hitherto he has been compelled to decline all such honours, on account of the great demand made upon his time by his business, which, although the most substantial of its kind in the district, is still rapidly growing under his vigorous and judicious policy of administration.

HORACE B. STOCKDALE, FIRST-CLASS ANATOMICAL BOOTMAKER,
48, QUEEN STREET, CARDIFF.

MR. STOCKDALE entered upon his present career of activity in the year 1885 at No. 1, Westgate Street. His excellently-made boots and shoes constructed upon morphological principles soon won for him a widespread and well-merited renown, with the result that his business increased with such rapidity as to render it imperative for him to make considerable extensions in order to meet the growing demand. He accordingly, about two years ago, entered upon his present eligible quarters, which are conveniently located directly opposite to the Empire, and comprise a spacious well-appointed shop, heavily stocked with boots and shoes for ladies, gentlemen, and children, and for all occasions, all of which are effectively displayed and availlable at strictly popular prices. To the rear of the shop are his well-equipped work-rooms, where a staff of skilled and experienced craftsmen is fully employed in making his celebrated anatomical boots and shoes to order, and in executing repairs of all kinds. Mr. Stockdale’s reputation has been built upon the solid foundation of genuineness in all the goods made and supplied. He uses none but the very best materials, and bestows upon them the most superior hand-work, with the result that his boots and shoes are renowned for both elegance, durability, and perfect fit. Although every facility is provided upon his premises for measuring and fitting-on, he undertakes, upon receipt of a postcard to that effect, to wait upon customers at their own residences, and spares no effort to give entire satisfaction. In this, way he has succeeded in forming a firmly-established business of the very best class, and it is manifestly his resolution that the high reputation he has won shall not only be well-sustained but steadily strengthened and consistently developed in days to come.

JOHN WILLIAMS, DESIGNER AND ENGRAVER,
19, CASTLE ARCADE, CARDIFF.

THIS business, the oldest in Cardiff, which was founded in 1870 by Mr. John Williams, has long held the distinction of being the leading concern of the kind in South Wales, a position of which the proprietor is pardonably proud, and easily maintains. The original premises were in North Street, those now occupied being acquired some years ago. The shop has a very neat and attractive appearance, and is adorned with numerous specimens of the handiwork of the firm. Above the shop is the well-appointed workshop. Mr. Williams, as a designer and engraver, enters fully into every branch of his calling. That he is possessed of much skill and originality is apparent by the constant succession of real novelties he produces, all of a highly meritorious character. Many of his pronounced successes have been associated with illuminated addresses for public bodies, for which his services have many times been called into requisition during the past few years. They are beautifully executed, and worthy of the reputation borne by Mr. Williams. Very artistic and delicate work is done in the way of arms, crests, and monograms, which are designed and executed in the higher grades of the trade. Inscriptions are also made in gold and silver plate. Several of the handsome brass tablets in the Cardiff Museum, and also the Cathedral, and many churches in the district, are the workmanship of Mr. Williams, who is also responsible for a number of tablets in the cathedrals, churches, and public buildings of South Wales, his connection ranging for a great many miles around Cardiff. He is employed by the local and district jewellers to do fine work connected with the trade, and is kept generally fully employed. It must not be overlooked that he does effective work in brass and zinc plates, for offices, &c., at reasonable prices. As a courteous, obliging,' and straightforward gentleman, Mr. Williams is respected by all who know him.

W. S. BARR, TAILOR AND NAVAL AND MILITARY OUTFITTER, &c.,
79, QUEEN STREET, CARDIFF.

MR. BARR first laid the foundations of his busy and flourishing operations about the year 1880, when he occupied premises at 74, St. Mary Street, and ten years later he removed to his present larger and more commodious establishment, which had previously been a private house like most of the houses in Queen Street, and was then converted to suit the requirements of the tailoring business. The shop is of handsome and attractive appearance, and fronted by expensive plate-glass windows and door. There are also extensive workshops in the rear, in which a competent staff of skilled and experienced workpeople are constantly employed. A busy family trade of the best class is carried on both in town and country, and Mr. Barr has the appreciative and substantial support of a very widespread and influential family connection. A special feature is made of breeches-making, and of civil, naval, and military uniforms, as well as clerical garments, liveries, and ladies’ jackets, costumes, and robes. Mr. W. S. Barr has at all times studiously and carefully maintained a very high reputation for sound and finished workmanship, and durable and tastefully chosen materials, and their perfect fit and good style are universally acknowledged. Personally, Mr. W. S. Barr is a, gentleman of valuable experience, and a thorough practical knowledge of every branch of the trade. He is very attentive and energetic in the supervision and management of all the details of his affairs, and is a smart, active, and capable man of business. He is well known and much looked up to in local commercial circles, and in the intercourse of a very extensive private and friendly acquaintance he is universally respected and greatly esteemed.

RICHARD PRUST, CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST,
147, CLIFTON STREET, ROATH, CARDIFF.

MR. PRUST has been in business over twenty years, and for the past twelve years has been located at the present address. The premises occupy a prominent position, facing the Broadway. They consist of a roomy and appropriately fitted and furnished shop, with fine plate-glass front. A very comprehensive stock of pure drugs and chemicals is on hand, selected with matured judgment from the leading manufacturers and wholesale houses. There is a full complement of the most approved British and foreign patent medicines, and a liberal assortment of perfumes, articles for the toilet, nursery requirements, soaps, and the thousand and one articles which constitute a first-class chemist’s establishment. Mr. Prust has become one of the best-known chemists in Cardiff, chiefly in connection with several highly valuable remedies of which he is the proprietor and manufacturer. The merits of these in and around Cardiff have become so thoroughly founded that they stand in no need of introduction. They are the result of careful and patient experiment, and honestly perform all that is claimed for them. His Children’s Fever Mixture has marvellous effect in bringing out the disease, and reducing the temperature in a very short time. It may be safely given in cases of feverish cold, measles, scarlatina, mumps, teething, &c., and has been used with most signal success on countless occasions. It is well worthy of a trial. His pulmonic lung restorer is, in its way, equally efficacious. Mr. Prust has introduced and manufactures Whitehorn’s American Fruit Citrate, a most cooling and refreshing effervescent aperient, suitable for both sexes and all ages. It is adapted for all seasons and all climates, and will keep for any length of time. Press and public endorse its merits, as many bona-fide testimonials held by the proprietor prove. One of his most pronounced successes is the Infants’ Food, pure, nutritious, health-giving, and strengthening. It is in almost universal demand in the neighbourhood, and bears one of the very highest names. Other well-known specialities are his Children’s Cordial, Infants’ Dusting Powder, and Children’s Cough Mixture. In 1874 Mr. Prust was elected a member of the Pharmaceutical Society, and is now a member of the conference. He takes great interest in tooth extraction, and his long experience has made him most skilful in this department. Courteous to all, and kind and considerate to his' poorer customers, he is at once one of the best-known and popular tradesmen in the town.

GOLDIE BROTHERS, PHOTOGRAPHIC ARTISTS,
66, QUEEN STREET, CARDIFF.

THE house of Messrs. Goldie Brothers was constituted about four years ago by the association in business of Mr. Frank Goldie and his brother, Mr. Llewellyn C. Goldie, both of whom are perfect masters of photography up to date, and who have laboured to such good purpose that they now operate under the distinguished patronage of H.S.H. the Duke of Teck, H.R.H. the Duchess of Teck, the Princess Victoria, the Most Hon. the Marquis of Bute, and many other notabilities, and enjoy the confidence and liberal support of the elite and best families of Cardiff and of South Wales generally. The premises occupied in Queen Street are most eligibly situated, and in every particular precisely adapted to the requirements, of a very high-class business of the kind. They comprise an elegantly-appointed show-room and sale department, where, in addition to a very charming display of photographs taken by various modern processes, they hold a very choice selection of artists’ colours by Messrs. Winsor & Newton, of London, and other leading colourmen, and every description of artists’ materials and requisites. The carefully-ordered dressing-rooms, replete with every convenience fen: the comfort of patrons, and the elaborately-equipped studio, are situated at the rear, and here Messrs. Goldie operate in every branch of their beautiful art with a tact and skill that has been effectual in winning for them the eminent position and high reputation which they now so deservedly enjoy.

MRS. M. SAMUEL, DRESS, MANTLE, AND MILLINERY ESTABLISHMENT,
76, QUEEN STREET, CARDIFF.

THIS select and fashionable house has had a highly successful career since it was first founded by the present proprietor, Mrs. M. Samuel, about a quarter of a century ago. For the past ten years the business has been conducted in its present eligible premises, which occupy a fine situation at the corner of Queen Street and Charles Street. Here all the most recent developments of the great centres of fashion are promptly and accurately illustrated, and Mrs. Samuel displays enterprise and progressive spirit in personal visits at periodical intervals to Paris, London, &c., in order to obtain the latest styles in ladies’ apparel, and place them before her patrons early in each season. There are commodious work-rooms on the premises in Queen Street, where Mrs. Samuel employs a numerous staff of skilful and experienced modistes, dressmakers, and mantle-makers. All work here produced is in the newest style, and is entirely of the best class in quality and finish. Mrs. Samuel’s establishment has gained and worthily maintains a leading position. Its stocks are of the choicest quality, and most carefully selected character, and it enjoys the patronage of a large and distinguished clientele. The trade done extends all over South Wales, besides which the house has many valued customers residing in distant parts of the world. Personally conducted by Mrs. Samuel, whose taste and experience are well known, this establishment is equally creditable to its proprietress and to the town, and it has long been a recognised leader of fashion in Cardiff.

W. I. VAUGHAN, PLUMBER AND HOT-WATER ENGINEER, AND CABINET BAR-FITTER,
64, QUEEN STREET, CARDIFF.
TELEGRAMS: “VAUGHAN, PLUMBER, CARDIFF.”

MR. W. I. VAUGHAN inaugurated his business some six years ago, developing it with such success that he found it necessary to very considerably extend his accommodation and working plant and staff; and, accordingly, some three years since, he entered upon his present eligible premises in Queen Street. Here he holds a spacious handsomely-appointed shop, in which a thoroughly characteristic display is made of all kinds of plumbers’ requisites, sanitary and hot-water engineers’ appliances, and a splendid series of beer-engines and modern bar-fittings. At the rear of the show-room, but quite distinct therefrom, are Mr. Vaughan’s large and elaborately equipped works, where he holds a large staff of skilled and reliable craftsmen in constant readiness to execute work in any part of the country. Mr. Vaughan operates in every branch of his important industry, but, if anything, excels in his speciality of bar-fitting, being prepared to undertake the complete fitting and furnishing of cellars, bars, and the like, in the most sumptuous manner; and such a high reputation has he gained for the high excellence of his work that he has already been selected by all the leading hotels and licensed victualling-house keepers, not only throughout Cardiff and South Wales, but extending as far as Taunton in Somersetshire, as the plumber par excellence to do their bar-fitting work.

In Cardiff splendid examples of Mr. Vaughan’s bar-fitting work may be seen at the following places: Dowlais Hotel, Cardiff; Exchange Restaurant, Cardiff: Ship and Pilot Hotel, Cardiff: Cardiff Arms Hotel, Cardiff; Royal Hotel, Cardiff; Bridge Hotel, Cardiff; T.V.R. Refreshment Rooms, Cardiff; Universal Hotel, Cardiff; Barry Hotel, Barry; Barry Dock Railway Refreshment Rooms; Victoria Hotel, Barry; Whitchel Hotel, Cadoxton; Royal Hotel, Cadoxton; Victoria Hotel, Ferndale; Royal Hotel, Meardy; Commercial Hotel, Meardy; Bailey’s Arms Hotel, Ystrad: New Inn Hotel, Pontypridd: King’s Head, Ystrad: Pandy Hotel, Tonypandy; Thistle Hotel, Llwynpia: Castle Hotel, Treherbert; Coldstream Hotel, Cardiff; Well’s Hotel, Cardiff; Royal Exchange Hotel, Cardiff; Royal George Hotel, Chepstow; Railway Hotel, Crumlin; Queen’s Hotel, Blaina; Waterloo Hotel, Newport; Cardiff Cottage, Cardiff; Langland Bay Hotel, Langland Bay; Osborne Hotel, Langland Bay; Marine Hotel, Barry Island; Aberdare Junction Refreshment Rooms: Gelly-Galed Hotel, Llwynpia; Viaduct Hotel, Crumlin; South Wales Hotel, Swansea; Trehavod Hotel, Havod; Hereford Arms Hotel, Maindee, Newport; Great Western Hotel, Cardiff; Philharmonic Restaurant, Cardiff; Market Tavern Hotel, Cardiff; Corporation Hotel, Cardiff; Blue Bell Hotel, Neath; Full Moon Hotel, Neath; Wye Bridge Hotel, Monmouth; Museum Hotel, Swansea; Bush Hotel, Nantyglo; Mitre Hotel, Brynmawr; Castle Hotel, Blaenavon; Castle Hotel, Tredegar; Griffin Hotel, Brecon; Farmers’ Arms Hotel, Abergavenny; Grange Hotel, Cardiff; White Hart Hotel, Llanelly; Railway Hotel, Pembroke Dock; Barry Dock Hotel, Barry Dock; County Hotel, Ebbw Vale; Ffatdau Hotel, Pontycwmmer; Llanharran Hotel, Pontycwmmer; Squirrell Hotel, Pontycwmmer; Ship Hotel, Barry: Windsor Hotel, Merthyr Vale; Union Hotel, Aberavon; Navigation Hotel, Treharris; Crown and Sceptre Hotel, Brithdir.

Mr. Vaughan has recently added a cabinetmakers’ shop to his manufacturing premises, where all the woodwork incidental to his bar-fitting business, such as counters, &c., is dealt with. He is also the patentee of a most valuable device for the drawing off of liquids and other ingredients from bottles and vessels of every description. For the rest, his business is conducted with marked ability and commendable enterprise, upon a thoroughly sound and well- balanced basis; and all its affairs are administered in a manner that is well calculated to secure for future continuance the influential connections so worthily won and consistently maintained.

E. MARTIN & CO. SHIPBROKERS, &c.,
52, MOUNTSTUART SQUARE, CARDIFF.

THIS highly important business was founded in 1886, by Messrs. Martin Berg & Co., on the premises still occupied by the sole remaining partner, Mr. E. Martin, trading as Messrs. E. Martin & Co., Mr. Berg having retired in 1892. The suite of offices are well and neatly fitted, and are provided with all modern conveniences, and wherein a competent clerical staff is employed. Mr. Martin is an accomplished and enterprising man of business, and during the few years he has been established has caused his name to become widely known and respected. He is thoroughly conversant with all the duties connected with ship-broking, and has the entire confidence of a number of important clients, being well known in shipping circles in all parts of the world. A large and valuable trade is carried on as general merchants, Mr. Martin having facilities for supplying every description of British manufacture on the shortest notice, and on the most favourable terms. Such enterprise and ability as is displayed by such a firm as the one under notice have done much to conduce to the great prosperity and development of Cardiff, and Mr. Martin’s name will always be associated with progress, integrity, and sterling personal worth.
The telegraphic address is, “Martinus, Cardiff.”

LLANDAFF.

W. CLARKE, ARCHITECTURAL SCULPTOR, MODELLER, WOOD AND STONE CARVER,
LLANDAFF.

FOUNDED originally by Mr. Edward Clarke about the year 1842, the concern was carried on by him for over forty years, and eventually, in 1880, it came into the hands of the founder’s son, Mr. W. Clarke, who is now the sole proprietor of this noteworthy business. The premises occupied at Llandaff comprise a large stone-yard, with wood-carving shop, modelling shop, and carpenters’ and joiners’ shops, all well arranged and admirably equipped with the most useful appliances for their several purposes. Here Mr. Clarke employs a skilful staff, the members of which work under his own careful personal supervision, and here he produces those fine examples of ecclesiastical art work which have made his name so widely known in the Principality. Marble, stone, alabaster, oak and other woods are the principal materials wrought in, and very beautiful work is turned out in architectural sculpture and decorative carvings for church use. Among the ecclesiastical work turned out from Mr. Clarke’s establishment is a fine reredos for Nicholaston Church. This is in alabaster, marble, and mosaic, from designs by Messrs. Halliday & Anderson, Cardiff, and is an exceedingly chaste and handsome production. For the same church there have been modelled at this house three statuettes, one of Dr. Pusey, one of Canon Liddell, and one of John Keble, and also a beautiful medallion portrait model of the present Lord Bishop of Llandaff, the Right Rev. Dr. Richard Lewis. Other specialities of Mr. Clarke’s interesting art industry are pulpits, fonts, monuments, &c., and in all these branches of work he attains a high artistic ideal both in design and finished workmanship. Mr. Clarke directs the entire business in person, and is very successful in meeting- the varied requirements of his numerous patrons. He is well known in the district, and much esteemed for his artistic talent and sound business qualities.

PENARTH.

T. EMLYN-JONES, FURNISHING, MANUFACTURING, AND GENERAL IRONMONGER, PLUMBER, GASFITTER, BELLHANGER, AND HOT-WATER ENGINEER,
GLEBE STREET AND LUDLOW STREET, PENARTH.

AMONG the leading trading houses in the thriving town of Penarth a distinctive and leading position is occupied by the well-known establishment of Mr. T. Emlyn-Jones, of Glebe Street and Ludlow Street, Furnishing, Manufacturing, and General Ironmonger, also Plumber, Gasfitter, Bellhanger, Smith, and Hot-water Engineer. The origin of the business goes back to 1879, and the present proprietor came into possession in 1887, and bringing to bear upon the business a thorough knowledge of every branch, succeeded in raising the house to a height it never before occupied. The connection has been increased both in extent and value, and the resources of the house extended on a very liberal scale. The premises now occupied are ample in size, and in every respect fully adapted to the varied character of the business carried on. They comprise a large front shop — sixty feet by twenty-four feet — stocked with general ironmongery goods, ranges, tools and cutlery; while in the windows an attractive display is made of gas-fittings, chandeliers, gasaliers, and electro-plated articles. A compact suite of offices is at the rear of the shop, and adjacent is a warehouse filled with oils and colours. The basement is very extensive and is stored with Scotch castings, grates, troughs,. &c., and mill-puff, cotton-waste, and feathers for stuffing beds and mattresses, as well as a large supply of sheet zinc and corrugated iron. At the back another warehouse, of equally large size, is filled with sanitary appliances of every description, roofing felt, galvanised tanks, and other similar articles.

As showing another branch of this many-sided business, it may be noted that in the yard are two capacious tanks of petroleum and benzoline, which are connected with the front shop by means of two of Dale’s well-known patent measures as preventives against fire. There are, besides, two other store-rooms equally replete with a miscellaneous collection of goods, as well as warehouses and show-rooms on the first floor, containing principally bedsteads, mattresses, bedding of every description, and marble mantelpieces and grates. The workshops are well arranged and large enough in extent to find accommodation for ten workmen, six of whom are plumbers, the whole superintended by a foreman who is the proud owner of a first-class certificate from the Royal J Guild, London, 1891, and is also a prominent member of the committee of the Central Association of Plumbers, Cardiff. The fitting and smiths’ shops are in Salop Street, also the iron-warehouses. As may be gathered from the foregoing, an extensive and valuable business is being conducted here, and, in fact, of its special kind, this is the most important concern in the district.

Mr. Emlyn-Jones, from his long connection with the trade, has acquired an intimate acquaintance with the best sources of supply, and his selections are noted for their varied character, and the reliable quality of the goods. The best of everything belonging to this business is to be found in these ample stores, and prices are such as cannot fail to induce business. In builders’ ironmongery the house is particularly strong, as well as in tools suitable for every trade and craft, and though in such a diverse accumulation it is difficult to single out anything for special mention, references should be made to the choice collection of electro-plate from the best-known makers of Sheffield and London, the fine display of Sheffield cutlery, and the large selection of guns and revolvers from the most noted manufacturers. There are “wringers” and mangles, bassinettes, mailcarts, travelling-trunks, and a hundred and one desirable articles which we cannot find room to specify. Experienced workmen are sent out to do all kinds of work, gas-fitting, plumbing, electric (and other) bell-hanging, smiths’ work, tin-plate work, and hot-water engineering; and estimates are freely supplied on application. All work is guaranteed to be well and satisfactorily finished. The connection has been built upon the sure basis of reliable goods, favourable prices, and careful and prompt attention. Mr. Emlyn-Jones gives the business his close personal supervision, and thus insures perfect satisfaction to his customers in every respect. In all his dealings he is strictly fair and straightforward, and he is universally respected by all who come into business connection with him for his ability, courtesy, and personal worth. Mr. Emlyn-Jones has carried out the work of fitting many of the large residences in Penarth; carrying out the hot and cold water engineering, plumbing, and gasfitting, &c.; he has lately carried out the contract for fitting the splendid mansion of Philip Morrell, Esq., at Penarth. The fittings of the Local Board offices, which were built in 1891, were undertaken by Mr. Emlyn-Jones, and were completed in a most creditable manner. The firm are contractors to the Local Board of Penarth, for supplying goods, and carrying out work of all kinds, and to other public bodies in the district.

ESPLANADE HOTEL,
PENARTH (NEAR CARDIFF).

THIS hotel is charmingly situated, near to the sea, which it faces, and in close proximity to the Windsor Gardens, which, extending for some distance along the cliffs, afford a pleasant resort to the hotel visitors, who have at all times free access. The building was erected in 1887. It possesses a handsomely furnished coffee-room, of noble proportions (one hundred feet in length and forty feet in width), opening upon an ornamental terrace, which commands an extensive view of the Bristol Channel with its ever changing scenes, a well-appointed drawing-room and cosy reading-room (also facing the sea and communicating with the coffee-room); a comfortable smoking-room, and a large and commodious billiard room. The last-named room contains a superb table by Burroughes & Watts, furnished with all that firm’s latest improvements. On the upper floors are sitting-rooms and bedrooms fitted up with every regard to comfort and elegance, while the bathrooms, lavatories, and sanitary arrangements are deserving of unqualified praise. Mr. J. L. Kerpen, the lessee, has had a life-long experience, and spares no effort to ensure the comfort of his guests. The menu is all that can be desired for a first-class hotel. Breakfasts, luncheons, dinners, and teas are provided at a fixed tariff, and arrangements can be made for board by the week, including all table d’hote meals, from £2 10s, with special terms for a prolonged stay. To the stranger who has never visited this lovely spot, it may be told that it is only four miles distant from Cardiff, and accessible by omnibus from the Great Western and Taff Vale Railway stations every fifteen minutes. In scenery and climate it is totally different from Cardiff. The winter is bright and mild; myrtles grow luxuriously in the open, and roses bloom all the year round. The country has quite a Devonian appearance, and the salubrity of the climate is such that the death rate is second only to that of Malvern. The neighbourhood, too, abounds in places of interest and picturesque attractiveness. The patrons of, the “Esplanade” include many of the most influential families in Cardiff and the Principality, and as a resort for pleasure and for recruiting health it has no equal.

EVANS & MORGAN, FAMILY GROCERS AND BUTCHERS,
GOLDEN KEY, ARCOT, AND LUDLOW STREETS, PENARTH.

IT IS a matter of vital importance to the commercial interests of the country, and to the benefit of the vast working population, that the provision trade should be in a most perfect condition as regards the excellence and general quality of the goods. That the trade is rapidly increasing in this district can be seen by the number of firms that have been established during the past three or four years, one of the chief being that of Messrs. Evans & Morgan. This firm has only recently been established, but such has been the energy and ability displayed in the management of affairs that it has already built up a very widespread trade, has earned a sound reputation, and is looked upon as a prosperous and rising concern. The premises are admirably adapted to the working of the business, and consist of a large double-fronted shop, the interior of which is fitted up in a superior manner, and very fully stocked with every description of grocery and Italian goods and provisions of all kinds. At the rear is a large bakehouse, fitted up with “Decker” ovens, and above the shop are spacious warehouses completely filled with reserve stock. Adjoining these premises, at 41, Ludlow Street, is the butcher’s shop, where meat of the best quality can always be obtained. Messrs. Robert William Evans and Taliesin Morgan are the individual members of the firm, and their ability and energy are plainly apparent in their surprising success. They devote the strictest attention to business, and from the first they have taken a position of eminence in the trading world.

J. BLAKE BENJAMIN, DISPENSING CHEMIST (EXAM.),
95, GLEBE STREET, PENARTH.

AMONG the chemists practising in Penarth a prominent position is occupied by Mr. J. Blake Benjamin, whose establishment is situate in Glebe Street. Mr. Blake Benjamin commenced business in this direction in 1889, and so assiduously and ably has the concern been developed that a large and influential connection has been secured. The premises occupied consist of a large double-fronted shop with handsome plate-glass windows in which are displayed a tastefully arranged selection of the many attractive looking articles which make up the chemist’s stock. The fittings in the shop are specially noticeable, seeing that the handsome mahogany show-cases in use here were conspicuous exhibits in the Birmingham Exhibition of 1886, whilst every provision has been made for the comfort and convenience of visitors. At the rear of the establishment are the dispensary and laboratory, and still further rearwards are several capacious warehouses well filled with a variety of goods. Mr. Benjamin has had a long experience in the business, and is well acquainted with all the best sources of supply. The drugs are kept under the best conditions, and the frequent changes in the stock, owing to the briskness of the trade, insures their constant freshness. An important feature is made of the dispensary department. Prescriptions and family recipes are dispensed at all hours by duly qualified persons, the utmost care and accuracy being always exhibited. The assortments of proprietary medicines kept at this establishment are unequalled in Penarth, and everything vended is offered at the lowest store prices. Among the leading specialities of the house may be noticed a solution of bismuth and solution of bismuth and pepsine; syrup of the phosphates, syrup of the lacto-phosphates: syrup of senna pods, a safe and simple laxative; eucalyptus toilet vinegar, and an antiseptic violet powder; and the well-known dentifrice water. This establishment, too, is famous for its choice selection of first-class perfumery. There are also varied and ample supplies of invalid requisites, surgical appliances, deodorisers, spray producers, tooth, hair, and nail brushes, and general nursery and toilet requisites. The connection of the house extends to all the principal families in the district, and its constant increase is a manifest proof that Mr. Blake Benjamin, by his courteous attention, reliable goods, and favourable prices is giving every satisfaction. Mr. Benjamin occupies a position of considerable prominence among local chemists and druggists, by whom he is held in great respect, and by all who know him, whether in business or private life, he is esteemed for his ability, public usefulness, and strict personal integrity.

HENRY BAKER, LADIES’ AND GENTLEMEN’S HAIR-DRESSING SALOONS,
47, WINDSOR ROAD, PENARTH.

THIS superior business was founded in 1887, by the present proprietor, on the premises now occupied. Mr. Baker, an enterprising and experienced man, has made his saloons most comfortable, and has introduced into them many modern luxuries, which are very highly appreciated by the superior class of customers who resort to the place in increasing numbers. The shop has two fine plate-glass windows, in which are displayed a choice variety of perfumery, toilet requirements, specimens of hair work, and many useful novelties incidental to the trade. There is also a carefully selected assortment of stationery — plain and fancy, also many pleasing novelties in fancy goods, suitable for purposes of presentation. Mr. Baker also deals in tobacco and cigars, and places before his patrons excellent value in British and foreign cigars, cigarettes, &c. There is a neatly fitted hair-dressing and shaving saloon:- and a private room for ladies, Competent and civil hands wait upon all customers, all being done that is possible for their comfort. In dressing the hair of ladies the latest prevailing styles are adopted. All kinds of ornamental hair work are executed on the premises; also wig-making. Mr. Baker has a good, reputation for his skill in making up ladies’ combings, these being to any design required. A superior business of this kind fills a want long felt in Penarth, and the proprietor is reaping the reward of his enterprise, courtesy, and ability.

MRS. EMLYN-JONES, FANCY DRAPERY, MILLINERY, AND DRESSMAKING ESTABLISHMENT,
38, WINDSOR ROAD, PENARTH.

THIS extensive and superior business was established by the present proprietress, Mrs. Emlyn-Jones, in 1871, and Was formerly carried on at Brecon. The present premises have been occupied for about two years. The shop has a neat and attractive double front, and a fairly large interior, which is exceedingly well arranged, and a well-chosen and useful stock may always be found here. There are three leading departments, fancy drapery, millinery, and dressmaking. The first-named is replete with all the goods expected to be found in a first-class, establishment of this kind; and which represent many of the choice productions of some of the best English and Continental houses. The assortment of millinery, too, is on a most liberal scale, and includes many dainty novelties of the newest kind. Ladies’ complete outfits are exhibited, together with many pretty designs in children’s dresses, pinafores, &c. The show-room for the millinery is on the first floor, and is tastefully and conveniently arranged. Here will be found the very latest in mantles, both as regards style, colour, and material. There is a highly competent staff of milliners and dressmakers, these being under the experienced personal supervision of the principal. Good and artistic work is promptly turned out, and at strictly reasonable charges. Mrs. Jones is the agent for the “platinum” anti-corset, the wearing of which allows of an excellent figure without tight lacing. Eminent authorities speak of it as being the “the grandest thing for women ever invented,” and “a boon and a blessing to all the sex.” She is also the agent for the “platinum” dress-bones, and the “sanitary” ventilating dress preserver. Mrs. Jones controls an extensive and exclusively high-class connection that extends to all parts of the surrounding districts, and to Barry. The business is conducted with the utmost courtesy, and with sound commercial and artistic success.

SWANSEA

AMONG the rapidly rising seaports of the West, Swansea, with its large maritime and manufacturing interests, holds a prominent position, and commands a share of our attention in these reviews. Next to Cardiff, Swansea is the largest and busiest of the ports of South Wales, and its progress has been in some measure coincident with that of the great borough on the Taff, for its growth in commercial wealth and importance has been largely the outcome of the present century. Although the actual history of the town dates back to a very early period, its picturesque castle having been built as long ago us the eleventh century, Swansea as we know it to-day is essentially a “town of the period,” an alert, enterprising and go-ahead place, esteemed as a pleasant summer resort, and famous throughout the world for its copper and tin-plate industries. It is, therefore, as a modern community strongly imbued with the commercial spirit of the age that it makes its chief claim to consideration in these pages.

To the visitor Swansea conveys a favourable impression at first sight, being a well-built and orderly town, with well-paved streets, good lighting arrangements, and ample facilities of internal and local transport. There are numerous public buildings of a handsome character, besides many large and stately business establishments reflecting high credit upon their proprietors; and the town enjoys the advantages of sound municipal government. All its local institutions are admirable, and, in common with the rest of Wales, its educational facilities are of a superior order. The spirit of progress is strikingly manifested on every hand — in the work of street improvement, in the erection of hew and handsome buildings, and in the enlargement of business premises. Such a spirit must exercise a beneficial influence upon the material affairs of the community. We can trace it in the multiplication of large and well-managed business enterprises in Swansea from year to year, and in the intelligence and foresight that mark the conduct of all these undertakings. There are mercantile houses in Swansea which would be a credit to any English or European city, and most of these notable concerns have attained their full development during a period m which the energies and abilities of the people of Swansea have been brought to a state of maturity under conditions which they themselves have in a large degree created and fostered.

Having the advantages of a fine natural site and the beginnings of an excellent harbour, Swansea has made great progress as a seaport, and is now very largely identified with the shipping trade of South Wales. Increasing demands in this direction have resulted in the carrying out of important harbour improvements,
and at the present time the accommodation for shipping is considered very satisfactory. A steady increase during recent years in the tonnage of shipping entering, and clearing at this port, and an equally marked augmentation of the value of the export trade, point to the fact that Swansea continues upon the upward road; and in these times, when so much is heard of commercial depression, it is gratifying to find, a place which still shows signs of healthy progress. Between 1884 and 1890 the export trade of Swansea was nearly doubled in value, and of this export the principal features were local products, such as tin-plates and copper. The metallurgical industries have here found a congenial home, owing to the convenient proximity of coal, and the superior railway and shipping facilities which operate so much to the advantage of manufacturers.

Copper smelting has long been carried on here upon a large and important scale; indeed, this industry seems to have been located at Swansea as long ago as the seventeenth century, and to have continued there ever since. There are numerous large works engaged therein, and these display a perfection of organisation and equipment, showing how thoroughly the requirements of the trade have been studied and provided for. The copper product of the Swansea, smelting works is distributed throughout the world, and is held in very high estimation in all markets. The same may be said of the local output of tin-plates, which is enormous. Great improvements have been effected in this important industry, which has attained its highest perfection in Wales, and the tin-plates bearing the brands of the leading manufacturers of Swansea and district have the reputation of standard goods in all quarters of the globe. Lead smelting and the extraction of silver also engage the attention of some notable firms in Swansea, while the manufacture of iron, steel, zinc, and the building of rolling-stock for railways, are other industries in which the town has achieved celebrity. Many general trades are well represented in Swansea, and such is the enterprise displayed by local firms in the various lines of domestic supply, that every necessary and every luxury of life is here obtainable at the lowest current rates — a state of affairs which enables the residents of the district to confine their patronage to local institutions with the most satisfactory results in all respects.

MORRISTON, named after its founders, the Morris family, is in the north-eastern suburbs of Swansea, and is well situated on Swansea Bay, near the mouth of the River Tawe. It is closely associated with the typical industries of the district, and several exceedingly large and important tin-plate, copper, iron, and other works are located here.

SWANSEA

REPRESENTATIVES OF COMMERCE.

B. EVANS & CO., DRAPERS, SILK MERCERS, OUTFITTERS, AND COMPLETE HOUSE FURNISHERS,
TEMPLE BUILDINGS, TEMPLE STREET, GREAT STREET, CAER STREET, CASTLE BAILEY STREET, AND CASTLE SQUARE, SWANSEA.

THERE can he no doubt that the capacity to engage successfully in trade, and to develop large and flourishing mercantile undertakings is inherent in some men, just as it is entirely lacking in others. The truth of this is repeatedly proved by the successes of the former class and the failures of the latter, and each year, as competition in all branches of trade becomes keener, the commercial faculty or aptitude: above referred to will be recognised as an increasingly valuable heritage to the people of this country — a country whose national greatness so largely depends upon the prosperity of our national commerce. No one who has, as we have done, extensively surveyed the great representative trades of Britain can fail to appreciate the force of the much-quoted: Baconian maxim, “that a man must make his opportunity as often as he finds it.” The merchant will, often find his chance of success waiting for him, and if he be sharp and quick-witted, he will perceive it, seize upon it, and profit by it. But quite as frequently he will have to make an opportunity for himself, and as a matter of fact, our most successful traders are those who do this in preference to adopting the policy of Mr. Wilkins Micawber, and “waiting for something to turn up.” Swansea affords scope for the exercise of this sort of enterprise, just as do many other British manufacturing centres, and in the vast business of Messrs. B. Evans & Co. we have a striking example of what has been accomplished in this busy town by men who have taken the initiative, and carved their own way to fortune. The great concern under notice owes all its prosperity to the fact that its proprietor has always shown a strong spirit of progress, and has from the first been a leader rather than a follower in the important trade with which his name has so long been identified.

The house of Messrs. B. Evans & Co. was founded at No. 3, Temple Street in 1865 by Mr. Evan Evans, and was taken over a year later by his brother, the present principal, Mr. Benjamin Evans. Since 1867 the business has been conducted under the title it now bears. In 1866 the adjoining premises, No. 2, Temple Street, were burnt down, but in the following year they were rebuilt upon a larger scale, and then comprised a spacious shop with a good double frontage and massive plate-glass windows. Here the business was further energetically developed, and after about two years the firm annexed a large three-storey warehouse at the rear, which latter is now used for the display of ironmongery. In 1874 Messrs. Evans commenced the erection of their fine premises in Caer Street (from the clever designs of Mr. A. Bucknall, architect, Swansea), and this handsome block was completed and opened in 1875. A year later the lease and stock of Messrs. Cook, Son & Co. were purchased. This was a firm trading at No. 1, Temple Street, and soon, afterwards that establishment was reopened under Messrs. Evans’s proprietary, becoming an important part of their constantly-growing premises. The year 1878 saw a further extension of the concern, by the purchase of the stock and shop of Mrs. Roberts, a well-known mantle-maker, milliner, and costumier, of 4, Temple Street, and that business was duly added to Messrs. Evans’s undertakings. In January, 1882, the firm acquired the stock and premises of Mrs. Hughes, whose old-established business, at 4, Castle Bailey Street, was a valuable acquisition. These premises now form Messrs. Evans & Co.’s baby-linen department. Six months later they bought the stock and premises of Messrs. Morgan, Williams & Co., at No. 6, Temple Street, and in 1883 the business of the Sporting Depot Company, together with the premises of that concern, at Nos. 1 and 2, Castle Bailey Street, was duly annexed. Still continuing their enterprising policy of extension, Messrs. B. Evans & Co. built, in the middle of 1884, large new premises at the rear of their Temple Street establishment, these being devoted to the lace trimmings and fancy goods departments. At the same time they took No. 1, Caer Street, and opened it with travelling requisites and fancy leather goods. In 1885 were added Nos. 15 and 15a, Castle Square.

In 1886 the firm made the most important addition to their existing premises by building the fine block, Nos. 36, 37, and 38, Goat Street. These are the most imposing business premises in Swansea, and were erected by Messrs. Thomas, Watkins & Jenkins, from designs by Messrs. Seward & Thomas, Swansea and Cardiff. They comprise a noble five-storey structure, rising to a height of sixty feet above the level of the pavement, and the materials employed in the building - Portland stone, buff Ebbw Vale bricks, and red bricks for bands and window arches — give the edifice a remarkably handsome appearance. The interior comprises a series of spacious and lofty floors, finely decorated, admirably lighted, and appointed throughout in the best modern style. These premises are chiefly devoted to the display of cabinet furniture. At the rear of the ground floor is a splendid show-room for furnishing ironmongery, and a fine staircase gives access to the Temple Street premises, and to a large saloon which is converted into a bazaar, and lounge at Christmas time. At other seasons this room forms part of the furnishing department. The carpet shop in Caer Street is accessible from here, and on this floor it will be noted that all the departments north, south, east, and west of the block are connected. The basement of the Goat Street premises, which is reached by a broad stairway, has been fitted up as a packing and receiving room. All goods sold and intended for delivery are sent down here from the different departments by means of a powerful lift, and after being duly checked and packed, are forwarded to the loading-stage, which admits of the carts and vans entering large doors facing Goat Street.

The delivery system of a great business like this is manifestly a matter of great importance, and Mr. Evans has made every arrangement to ensure its efficiency. His stables are probably the finest in South Wales, and were specially built for him by Mr. David Jenkins, late of the firm of Messrs. Thomas, Watkins & Jenkins, from designs by Mr. H. C. Portsmouth, of Swansea. They have a handsome frontage to Frog Street, and include a most comfortable ten-roomed dwelling-house for the foreman. On the left of this house is a large entrance gateway, spanned by a graceful arch. The yard inside is paved with Staffordshire paving-bricks, and the heaviest downpour of rain is at once carried away into the drains. Further to the rear is a spacious shed, about twenty feet high. The yard is chiefly used for grooming the horses. Two sides of it are devoted to stabling, the third being occupied by harness-rooms and a washing place. The stables afford splendid accommodation for about fourteen horses, there being twelve stalls and two looseboxes. All the sanitary arrangements are perfect, the construction of the entire place being in accordance with the very best modern ideas in such matters, and thorough ventilation is secured by three of Boyle’s large-size air-pump ventilators, fixed on the roof, in addition to the windows, fanlights, &c. The stalls, mangers,
&c., were supplied by Messrs. Musgrave & Co., of London and Belfast, and all these fittings are of the newest improved type, while the walls are tiled with green-tinted glazed tiles, producing a very bright and clean effect. The harness-rooms and other incidental departments are all equally complete in their appointments, and the loft is reached by a stairway from the wash-house, thus obviating all risk of the fumes from the stables passing into the fodder. The chaff-cutter in the loft is worked by a three horse-power gas-engine. On the opposite side of the yard is a loosebox called the “ambulance box,” and used only in the case of sick horses. The van-shed is very commodious, having an area of twelve hundred square feet, and is capable of containing twenty vans. Mr. Evans offered a prize of ten pounds for the best horse's head carved in stone. This was won by a person living at Bridgend, and the sculpture is to be placed over the gateway, with a suitable motto. Altogether these fine stables are well worthy of a visit, and they speak volumes as to the kind treatment accorded to the horses belonging to the firm. These are valuable animals, of which Mr. Evans has every reason to be proud, since they have won several prizes at the different shows in the district. Mr. Reed is the foreman of the stables, and for the past seventeen years he has performed the duties of his post with a conscientious care that is, we are sure, duly appreciated.

Having thus briefly glanced at a remarkable and highly creditable outcome of Mr. Benjamin Evans’s enterprise, we may now revert to our consideration of the business premises, which we left at the packing department. The whole of the first floor, most effectively lighted by eight large plate-glass windows, is devoted to furniture, and contains one of the finest stocks to be found in the Kingdom. The second floor has a handsomely-fitted refreshment-room, much appreciated by ladies when shopping, and adjoining this are ladies’ retiring-rooms, exclusively reserved for customers. These conveniences have deservedly met with the approval of patrons, and are noteworthy evidences of the firm’s enterprise and progressive views. On this floor also is the large dining-room for the employes of the house, access thereto being by a private staircase. The domestic departments of the establishment occupy the top floor, and we particularly noted the excellent equipment of the kitchens, which have been fitted with the most approved appliances by the eminent firm of Messrs. Benham & Son, London. The sitting-rooms and bedrooms for the resident staff are all admirably furnished, and the firm have two additional houses for the accommodation of their lady assistants. Mr. Evans has certainly looked very carefully after the health, comfort, and general well-being of his staff, the members of which are fortunate in having taken service under so considerate an employer.

By the continuous process of improvement and enlargement which Messrs. B. Evans & Co. have carried on with so much energy and enterprise during the last twenty-five years, they have built up a drapery, outfitting, and furnishing emporium which, for magnitude and completeness, has few equals in the provinces. The firm have considerably over two acres of floor space at their disposal, devoted to an enormous trade in general drapery, silks, woollen and cotton fabrics, costumes, mantles, millinery, ladies' and children’s outfitting, gentlemen’s, mercery, travelling requisites, and everything coming within the scope of complete house furnishing. Yet even here the expansion of the concern does not show signs of ceasing, for the firm having made arrangements with the Corporation of Swansea for the widening of Castle Bailey Street, a very large portion of the premises have been demolished, and the site is now in the hands of the builders for the erection of the finest block of commercial architecture to be found in Wales or the West of England. The architect is Mr. J. P. Rowlands, and the builders are Messrs. David Jenkins & Sons, but the whole of the designs, plans, specifications, and proposed fittings are the result of the careful study and experienced knowledge of Mr. B. Evans himself. The style of the new block, which will have a grand and extended frontage in three streets, is Renaissance, and the general effect of the whole block, both inside and out, will be unusually fine and imposing, as well as thoroughly adapted to the requirements of the business and the convenience and comfort of customers. The main entrances will be in Temple Street, Castle Bailey Street, and Goat Street, in addition to many additional convenient entrances. The general organisation of the whole premises, their equipment, and the disposition of the many departments leave nothing to be desired, and display a regularity and system indicating a very profound knowledge of the trade, and a highly efficient administration.

Within the limits of space at our disposal here it would be idle to attempt a detailed description of the many features of interest that daily attract hundreds of visitors to Messrs. B. Evans & Co.’s spacious shops and show-rooms. To many of our readers such a description would have the flavour of a “twice-told tale,” so widely known is this great emporium; while the few who have yet to make acquaintance with the resources of the house under notice would, perhaps, not thank us for anticipating the treat that is in store for them. For the present it may suffice to say that Messrs. Evans have gathered together one of the largest and most complete drapery stocks in the provinces, and have made all their selections for the current season with a degree of judgment that bespeaks their minute acquaintance with all the great sources of supply for the goods in which they deal. We have already briefly intimated the nature of these goods — the whole scope of the drapery and fashion trades is amply covered, and to this is added a furnishing department which forms in itself a large and flourishing business. Each section of the enormous stock exhibits the latest novelties appertaining to its particular class; and the whole represents the intelligent investment of a vast amount of capital, as well as the exercise of rare gifts of perception, and the employment of profound experience in the art of buying. The goods in the various departments range from those of inexpensive character up to the richest and most costly: but all the time there is careful attention paid to quality, and even the cheapest lines are thoroughly reliable. No firm in the country offer better value to all classes of customers, and it is one of the chief characteristics of Messrs. Evans’s business that it caters equally well for the opulent and for those who study economy in making their purchases. Every customer is assured of fair dealing and genuine worth for his or her money, and in this we find the secret of the large degree of public confidence that has been reposed in this enterprising and straightforward firm.

We commend Messrs. Evans & Co.’s emporium to our readers as a grand type of a modern drapery establishment, the resources of which are limited only by the demands of its clientele. It exemplifies the tendency of the present age to concentrate many businesses under one management, and in this it consults public convenience while it follows popular precedent. The turnover is immense, and to facilitate the routine of the many departments between three hundred and fifty and four hundred hands are constantly employed. In 1866 only twenty assistants were required — the comparison is sufficient to indicate the growth of the business. Many of the firm’s employes have fine talents, apart from their daily avocation, and they have organised and carried out various entertainments at the Theatre Royal, Swansea, whereby some £600 have been added to the funds of local charities. An establishment possessing the power to thus largely benefit deserving objects in its neighbourhood undoubtedly deserves the popularity it enjoys. We note with satisfaction that all the employes of this firm are in a measure interested in the business — that is, to the extent that Mr. Evans has for the past two years been putting into practice an excellent profit-sharing scheme, the bonuses arising from which are distributed among the employes every March. This tends to give the staff an interest in their duties over and above that which they must feel in working for so important a mercantile concern, and for so kindly and thoughtful an employer as their respected principal.

We need hardly add that Messrs. B. Evans & Co. enjoy the support of a remarkably large and widespread connection. Their establishment is regularly resorted to by immense throngs of customers from all parts of the county. Indeed, it has been aptly termed “the Whiteley’s of Wales,” and the name of “Evans” is truly a “household word” for many miles around the town and district of Swansea. The head of this great concern, Mr. Benjamin Evans, has certainly much to be proud of in the result of his untiring industry, for it is entirely owing to his active energy — his capacity to make opportunities as well as to take advantage of existing ones — that the business has attained its present colossal proportions and far-reaching influence. His wide and comprehensive knowledge of the trade, gained originally in some of the best houses of London and Paris, has been employed with rare judgment and splendid effect; and his inflexible integrity and straightforwardness have given him a clear title to his more than ordinary success. We understand that, although he has frequently been pressed to enter public life, Mr. Evans has always declined to do so, and has consistently adhered to his policy of devoting all his time to the personal supervision of his business, none of the details of which, however minute, escape his comprehension. A great and truly capable merchant is often a real benefactor to his community when he follows unswervingly the course in which his powers most conspicuously display themselves; and, though we do not doubt that a man of Mr. Benjamin Evans’s stamp would be a valuable acquisition to any public body to which he might give his adherence, yet we are of the opinion that he renders at least an equal service to his fellow-townsmen in devoting all his energies to the development of a business which is unquestionably of the highest domestic usefulness in this town and neighbourhood. Besides, it must not be forgotten that the very extensive building improvements Mr. Evans has carried out in the course of extending his commercial operations and resources constitute in themselves a valuable and permanent benefit to Swansea, and are duly appreciated as such.

Owing to the fact that the head of the firm has to give so much of his attention to the department of finance in connection with his business, he has, necessarily, to be represented at times by some competent and responsible person, able to efficiently superintend the general working of the concern. The duties of this important lieutenantcy are most zealously and effectively discharged by Mr. John White, a gentleman of special tact and experience, who has for the past eighteen years deservedly enjoyed the confidence of his chief. His methods of discipline and administration, like those of Mr. Evans, are at once firm and kindly, hence he, too, is fully appreciated and respected by the employes of the firm. The many patrons and friends of this notable house will watch with interest its future progress on those lines of sound and honourable commercial policy by which it has advanced to its present condition of prosperity and good repute.

THE SWANSEA DRY DOCKS AND ENGINEERING COMPANY, LIMITED, ENGINEERS, BOILERMAKERS, BRASS AND IRON FOUNDERS, &C.
ALBION DRY DOCK, SWANSEA.

IN every important seaport, such as Swansea, there is a large field for the operations of a well-organised and ably managed engineering and dry-dock concern like the one named above. The Swansea Dry Docks and Engineering Company, Limited, controls a business of excellent standing which was formerly in the hands of Messrs. Pyman, Watson & Co. In 1883 the present limited liability company was formed, and started with a capital of £70,000, in fourteen hundred shares of £50 each. The value of the investment thus offered is shown in the fact that all the share capital was subscribed at once. The directorate of the Company comprises the following well-known and influential gentlemen:— T. Cory, Esq. (chairman), J. Cory. Esq, L. Gueret, Esq., J. Clarke Richardson, Esq., J. W. Pyman, Esq., T. E. Watson, Esq., and D. Villiers Meager, Esq., the last-named gentleman taking the place of his father, the late Mr. G. B. Meager. The Company’s Registered offices are situated at the Albion Dry Dock, and the general operations at the works, as well as the routine of the business in both an industrial and commercial sense, are under the direct supervision of an experienced manager, Mr. Charles Watson. Both the dry docks of this notable concern are admirably situated and splendidly equipped. The Albion Dry Dock (well known as “the Slip” ) is inside the North Dock, from which it opens, and its capacity may be judged when we say that it has held the largest barque in the world - the ‘Lord Templetown,’ of Belfast. The dock is four hundred and eighty feet in length, and specially wide, affording ample space for painting and drying purposes. Adjoining are large works, fully equipped for the construction of marine boilers, tanks, and other ironwork. The Globe Dry Dock, which is also the property of this Company, was opened in 1870, and is situated inside the South Dock. It is a fine dock, four hundred feet long by forty-six feet wide at the entrance, and is provided with all the necessary workshops and best appliances. The Company have carried out many large and important contracts for repairs, one of the heaviest of these being the repairing of the iron ship ‘Agnes Lilian.’ The ‘ss. Thanemore’ was another of the very large-sized vessels that have been docked here. In addition to their boiler works, &c., the Company have large iron and brass foundries. Altogether, several acres are occupied by the Company’s establishments, which are in every respect admirably organised, and present an aspect of activity indicating the magnitude and importance of the business carried on. Both the Albion and Globe Dry Docks are so planned that they can be divided, should it be required for comparatively small vessels. The Company are large employers of labour, amounting sometimes to a thousand men. All the affairs of the concern are most capably and energetically administered, and general confidence has been gained and preserved by the execution of first-class work at moderate prices, and by unfailing promptitude in the fulfilment of all orders undertaken.
Telegrams for this Company should be addressed: “Albion, Swansea.”

WILLIAM H. ESSERY, COALOWNER,
CAMBRIAN PLACE, SWANSEA.

THE central fact in reference to Mr. Essery’s honourably prominent commercial position, which was established in 1848, is that he has sole right of sale of the original celebrated “Cox’s vein” malting coal, and of this horticultural and hop-drying anthracite. On the qualities of the former the ‘Brewers* Journal,’ page 632, December 15th, 1891, in the course of an article headed “Antiseptic Vapour from Special Vein of Anthracite,” remarks:— “This deep malting anthracite contains nearly double the antiseptic property of the famed ‘big vein.’ The superiority enables maltsters to realise a saving of say twenty-five per cent, by using half coke for burning with it, producing the results achieved by using expensive big vein without the mixture.” This is really of paramount importance to maltsters and should have their most careful investigation, and wherever tried has given entire satisfaction, corroborated by the numerous certificates in his possession. Mr. Essery has deserved well of those who are interested in the advance of the industrial and commercial progress of South Wales by the persevering manner in which he has successfully urged the advantages of using his original anthracite for a variety of purposes for which, previously, gas coke had been chiefly employed. He has shown that his hard and large anthracite, which in combustion is entirely without smoke, gives much greater heat than this coke, has greater durability, and ensures increased cleanliness and a diminution of labour. It is guaranteed twenty-five percent, more durable than cheaper sorts. It is now largely used in the houses and gardens of the nobility and gentry in all parts of the country, at the principal maltings in the United Kingdom, and also by hop and orchid growers and nurserymen. Mr. Essery holds many autograph certificates from gentlemen of the most distinguished social position, testifying to the practical economy which is effected by the use of his anthracite. He delivers the coal in trucks, bearing his own name, direct from the colliery, with the railway guarantee for weight. Mr. Essery also controls a business in large Welsh smokeless boiler and smithy coal. Mr. Essery has also made a recent discovery as to the special adaptability of his anthracite for the manufacture of bricks, &c., especially in the kilns known as Jungs. In an article on “Anthracite for Brick burning” the editor of the ‘British Clay Worker’ writes under date November, 1892:— “We have on many occasions advised our subscribers to try the effect of anthracite as a remedy for many of the troubles they meet with in burning their goods. We are glad to see that Mr. William H. Essery, of Swansea, is prepared to supply a first-class anthracite to brickmakers at the lowest possible price. It is claimed that this anthracite is almost pure carbon (about ninety per cent.), and its advantages in giving intense heat and being smokeless must be patent to all. Brickmakers would do well to give this anthracite a trial.” The analysis of this anthracite renders it essentially the clay manufacturers’ fuel, not only because of its great durability and intense heat, but its affinity to the clay itself, which is often found embedded with the vein, may be the great secret of producing such a smooth thoroughly-burnt brick. As before stated, Mr. Essery sends the coal out in trucks bearing his name, and particular attention should be given by purchasers to this fact. His business premises are situated on the first floor of an extensive building in Cambrian Place, which was formerly the Custom House.
The telegraphic address is “Essery, Swansea.”

F. PRIMAVESI & SONS, EAST INDIA, COLONIAL, AND GENERAL EXPORT AND IMPORT MERCHANTS,
SWANSEA; AND STOKE-ON- TRENT, AND GRACECHURCH STREET, LONDON, E.C.

THIS energetically conducted enterprise was initiated upwards of forty years ago. Mr. Grey, the general manager, has a thorough technical knowledge of all departments of the business, acquired during a connection of twenty-eight years with the firm. The premises comprise an admirably appointed suite of general and private offices, which are furnished with all the modern requisites for facilitating the despatch of the extensive commercial correspondence and other clerical work necessitated by the numerous transactions of the house. The show-rooms are on the first floor of the premises, and are handsomely appointed in harmonious keeping with the beautiful character of their contents. The stocks held by the firm are at all times large and varied, consisting for the most part of such articles of use and luxury as, being manufactured in Europe, find a ready sale in the great markets at home and abroad, with which Messrs. Primavesi & Sons have most intimate relations. They include the finest descriptions of earthenware, china, and glass. The firm ship general merchandise, viz., cutlery, electro-plated ware and hardware, clocks and watches, ship chandlery, saddlery, japanned and papier-mache goods, nautical, optical, philosophical, surveying, and musical instruments, chandeliers and lamps, looking-glasses, soft goods, paints and oils, and all kinds of fancy goods. Messrs. Primavesi are well represented in the potteries, where at Stoke-on-Trent they have an extensive warehouse, which gives special facilities for home trade. They have also an agency for export purposes at Gracechurch Street, London, whilst their close business connections extend throughout different parts of the world. Their extensive and intimate relations with many eminent manufacturing firms enable them to put their customers on the best possible footing as regards prices. There is no mercantile house of such standing as that of Messrs. Primavesi & Sons with a more honourable record. The firm has, of course, been in active existence throughout the whole of the period which has witnessed the marvellous development in the commercial and industrial importance of Glamorganshire, and they have been able, through their high reputation, to avail themselves to the full of the advantages of that development.

Hedley’s Collieries Company, Colliery Proprietors,
12, Cambrian Place, Swansea.

One of the best-known concerns in the coal trade of South Wales is the Company named above, which ha3 made very rapid progress since its establishment in 1890. The mines are situated at Coed Franc, near Neath. In 1891 a drift was driven a distance of about four hundred yards to the celebrated and widely-known semi-bituminous coal known as “Hedley’s” four-feet vein. This coal has now secured a firm footing in the French market, although it was only reached nine or ten months ago. It is also being shipped to Italy and to a number of English coasting ports. Wherever it is used it instantly secures favour by its all-round excellence as an economical and effective steam coal. The coal taken from this vein is also adapted for household use, and is beginning to have a large sale for this purpose. The following analysis of “Hedley’s” four-foot vein by Messrs. G. S. Merry & Co., assayers, Swansea, will indicate its valuable properties.

Top Coal.		 			Bottom Coal.  86.60 		Carbon			 87.14   4.90		Hydrogen			  4.10   2.60 		Oxygen and Nitrogen 	  4.58   1.20		Sulphur			  0.98   4.70	 	Ash				  3.20

------						------

100.00					100.00  Carbonisation. 

 84.20	Coke 				 84.65

 15.80	Volatiles 			 15.35 

At the collieries the general equipment and working organisation are excellent, and employment is given to a large number of men, which number will gradually increase as new places are opened up. There are facilities for raising one thousand tons of coal per day, and the place is under excellent management. The proprietors of the business are H. Morton Hedley, Ernest Hall Hedley, J.P. for the county of Glamorgan, and J. Hall Hedley. The head offices are at 12, Cambrian Place, Swansea.
Telegraphic address: “Hedleys, Swansea.”

WILLIAM WILLIAMS & CO., MANUFACTURERS OF CHARCOAL, COKE, AND TIN AND TERNE PLATES,
THE WORCESTER TIN-PLATE WORKS, AND THE UPPER FOREST TIN-PLATE AND STEEL WORKS, MORRISTON, R.S.O., GLAMORGANSHIRE.

THIS eminent firm commenced operations in 1868 at the Worcester Works, which have gradually assumed their present vast proportions under the influence of able and energetic management. About ten years after the establishment of these works the firm acquired the Upper Forest Steel and Tin-plate Works, also at Morriston, and these two concerns have been amalgamated with the greatest success. At the Worcester Works there are now ten mills in operation, while the Upper Forest Works have twelve mills; and all the wonderfully interesting processes of the tin-plate industry are here seen in their most perfected modern aspect. Mr. William Williams is also the managing proprietor of the Morlais Tin-plate Works, Llangennech, which alone produce two thousand boxes of tin-plates weekly. The Worcester and Upper Forest Works turn out, together, about thirteen thousand five hundred boxes of tin and terne plates per week, making an annual production of over seven hundred thousand hundredweights. In 1887 Mr. Williams further enlarged his industrial facilities by erecting a large plant consisting of eight Siemens open-hearth furnaces, capable of producing about twelve hundred tons of steel weekly, and to this is added a bar-mill, worked on the most modern principle, and able to turn out eleven hundred to twelve hundred tons of bars per week, of the finest quality. The reversible engine used for driving this plant is a magnificent one of twenty-five hundred horse-power, and an idea of the wonderful efficiency of the process of bar-making as here carried on may be gathered from the fact that an ingot of steel weighing about eleven hundredweights can be converted into a bar of from one hundred to one hundred and thirty feet in length in the space of two and a half minutes. Most of the firm’s output of steel bars is used in the making of tin and terne plates at the Worcester, Upper Forest, and Morlais Works. The surplus is sold to the neighbouring tin-plate manufacturers.

The two works at Morriston are of great size and superb equipment, and present an example of general organisation which, for the purposes of the industry carried on, may be regarded as practically perfect. The buildings cover over twenty acres of ground, and comprise all the departments incidental to the commercial and industrial routine of this vast business, the whole being most systematically planned. It is not every day that one can see a red-hot ten-hundredweight ingot of steel picked up and rolled into a ribbon almost in the twinkling of an eye, and many noted authorities on metallurgical matters have profited by opportunities afforded them of inspecting the wonders of the Worcester and Upper Forest Works.

Messrs. William Williams & Co.’s business is one of those concerns the growth of which is continuous, and in view of this fact it is satisfactory to note that there is ample space for future enlargements of the works. There are about forty acres of supplementary land included in the firm’s property, in addition to the ground covered by buildings, and the place presents a wonderfully busy scene, railway lines encircling it on every side, and affording communication by many sidings with the Midland, the Great Western, and the North-Western systems. The firm have three large locomotives of their own constantly employed on the private lines inside the boundaries of their property, and every possible convenience exists for the handling of raw material and the despatch of finished goods. Close at hand are the River Tawe and the Swansea Canal, and these waterways are also pressed into the service of the works. Upwards of two thousand hands are employed by the firm, and it will in some measure indicate the vastness of the industry carried on when we say that the daily consumption of coal exceeds three hundred tons. As to the actual nature of the processes of tin and terne plate manufacture, nowhere do they receive a greater amount of careful attention than at Messrs. Williams’s works, every plate having to be handled by different hands about fifty-five times. Various qualities of tin-plates are produced to meet different requirements, and the products of the several works engaged in the trade are recognised by their brands. Among these brands none are more highly esteemed than those of Messrs. William Williams & Co., viz., “UF,” and “JB,” for tin-plates, and “Worcester” for terne-plates. The latter are more extensively manufactured, perhaps, than any other terne-plates in the world, and have an immense sale, especially in the United States. The “JB” tin-plates also enjoy great favour throughout the United Kingdom, the Continent, and America.

Messrs. William Williams & Co. control an enormous and steadily increasing trade in the principal markets of the world. They spare no effort to maintain the high standard of quality that has always distinguished their goods; and their warehouses at Morriston are stocked with such a large quantity and variety of their manufactures that even the most extensive orders can usually be executed and despatched without the least delay. This great concern is equally distinguished by the perfection of its working organisation, the excellence and high repute of its productions, and the efficiency and sound judgment of ifs administration. The founder and sole principal of the business, William Williams, Esq., J.P., personally superintends all its operations, and to his energy and ability its great development is unquestionably due. Mr. Williams is essentially “a man of the times” — active, enterprising, fully alive to all the requirements of the trade in which he is engaged, and quick to perceive and put into practice the best methods of meeting the same. His sterling qualities as a business man and his spirited action in public matters have made him equally popular and respected in this busy and progressive neighbourhood. He is a Justice of the Peace for Glamorganshire, and for the county borough of Swansea, a member of the County Council, vice-chairman of the Glamorganshire Banking Company, Limited, a director of the Swansea Gas Light Company, and of the Swansea Chemical Company, Limited, and was Mayor of Swansea in 1884-85. The immense works over whose operations he now presides with so much skill and judgment are the largest of their kind conducted under one proprietary in a district of great manufacturing activity, where industrial and commercial enterprise moves on in many and varied channels to a common prosperity.
Telegrams for Messrs. William Williams & Co. should be addressed: “Glantawe, Swansea.” The firm’s telephone is No. 382.

MORGAN JENKINS, WHOLESALE WAREHOUSEMAN,
40, 41, AND 43, WATERLOO STREET, SWANSEA.

THIS well-known house was founded in the year 1870 by its present sole proprietor, and has had a highly successful career under his able and energetic management. Large and well-appointed premises are occupied at the above address in Waterloo Street, affording every facility for the display of goods; and this establishment, together with another in Park Street, contains remarkably extensive and varied stocks, embracing everything connected with the departments of general drapery, millinery, haberdashery, hosiery, umbrellas, toys, fancy goods, &c., &c., besides a great quantity of school copy-books, in which he does an immense trade. The business in all the above-mentioned lines is one of great magnitude, and is entirely wholesale in character, the operations of this house being confined to supplying retail and other dealers, among whom it has wide and valuable connections. One of the leading features of the business consists in fancy wools of all kinds, including the celebrated Dorset and Waterloo yarns, for which there is always a large demand. He has also developed a special line in Birmingham goods for all domestic purposes. Altogether, the stock is one of the most comprehensive to be met with in the Principality, and in the toy department there is probably no other house in Wales which can show such a wide range of new and attractive goods. The demand for toys is permanent and almost unvarying, and his vast selection of novelties is eminently successful in this department. In all parts of South Wales this house has customers, and its travellers cover a wide area of country in their regular journeys. Mr. Jenkins personally manages the entire concern, and ensures its continued progress by his enterprise and care. His thorough knowledge of the trade has enabled him to make his business one of the most complete and useful undertakings of the kind in this part of the country, and the success he has achieved is as well merited as it is substantial.

THE SWANSEA UNITED BREWERIES, LIMITED, BREWERS, WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS, &C.,
ORANGE STREET AND WASSAIL STREET. SWANSEA.

THE extensive and important brewing concern carried om under the above title has been constituted by the amalgamation of two large and old-established businesses. The company was formed in 1890 to take over the business of the Orange Street Brewery Company and that of the Glamorgan Brewery Company, the chairman being Albert Mason, Esq., J.P., ex-Mayor of Swansea, while the managing directors are H. W. Crowhurst, Esq., and F. D. Mears, Esq. Mr. W. Hopkins James is secretary to the company. A very large and flourishing trade is carried on, not only in brewing, but also in the importation and supply of wine and spirits, and the manufacture and bottling of aerated waters, &c. The company are likewise agents to some of the principal Burton brewers. They are proprietors of the Swansea Aerated Water Manufactory, which is situated in Orange Street, and has an excellent equipment of the best modern machinery. Another valuable property of this company is the South Wales Hop Bitter Ale Company, carrying on its operations in Little Madoc Street. The speciality in this latter branch of the business is a very excellent non-intoxicant hop-bitter ale which has met with great success, being very wholesome and palatable. The company’s brewery premises for the production of their celebrated mild and pale ales, bitter ales, and double stout are situated in Orange Street, and are large and well equipped. This establishment was entirely renovated in the early part of the year 1892, all the old plant being removed, and a fine new twenty-five quarter plant taking its place. In this way the latest improvements have been introduced, and the brewery may now be classed among the most effectively organised in South Wales. It is also admirably built and commodiously planned, affording every facility and convenience for the large industry to which it is devoted. The premises include spacious cellars, besides hop stores and malt warehouses, and there is an excellent supply of pure water, drawn from an artesian well on the property. In Little Wind Street and Oystermouth Road the company have extensive bonded stores, where they keep a vast stock of wines and spirits of the best quality, these goods being all carefully selected, and supplied to the trade upon favourable terms. Altogether the business is one of great magnitude, and has widespread and old-established connections. Six travellers are employed in addition to several buying agents, and the company’s affairs are all very systematically and enterprisingly administered under the personal supervision of the experienced managing directors.
Telegrams should be addressed: “Invicta, Swansea.” Telephone No. 85.

DYNE STEEL, MILNES & CO., ELECTRICAL, MECHANICAL, AND GAS ENGINEERS,
CORNWALL HOUSE, EXCHANGE BUILDINGS, SWANSEA.
Telegraphic Address: “Milnes, Swansea”; Telephone Nos. 49 and 9.

FOUNDED in 1872, the eminent firm of Messrs. Dyne Steel, Milnes & Co. have taken their place at the head of the hardware trade in Swansea, and have secured, moreover, an international reputation. In 1892 the business passed into the sole charge of Mr. George Stephenson Milnes, a gentleman who has acquired much valuable experience in the trade, under whose able and enterprising administration the connections of the house have been extended in all directions. The premises of the firm, Cornwall House, Exchange Buildings, comprise one of the largest show-rooms in South Wales, having splendid plate-glass windows, giving on the main thoroughfare. The firm are agents for the world-renowned Worthington Pumping Engine Company, examples of whose manufacture are exhibited in the show-room. They also make a speciality of electrical and gas engineering, and in these departments act as sole agents for the far-famed Brush Electrical Engineering Company, Limited, and the Campbell Gas-Engine Company, Limited, who are the manufacturers of the most simple gas-engine yet introduced, the principal features being that there are no slides, no noisy cams, greater regularity of speed, and if necessary has an ignition at every revolution. Other goods represented include engines, boilers, hydraulic and other lifting jacks, Weston’s patent blocks, rope and chain blocks, crabs, sack hoists, Giffard’s and exhaust injectors, steam fittings and pressure gauges, Ramsbottom’s and Wilson’s patent piston rings, lift and force pumps, Abyssinian pumps, blowing and ventilating fans, steam, water, gas, and boiler tubes, punching and shearing machines, portable forges, bolts and nuts, ratchet braces, tube expanders, engine counters, &c. The firm are also manufacturers of corrugated-iron roofs and girders, bridges, framed roofs, pit and general ironwork, &c. The bulk of the business, however, lies in the export of all descriptions of machinery and hardware to Italy, Malta, and other Mediterranean ports, the Baltic, Chilian, and Spanish markets. In all these ports the firm have influential correspondents, while they possess also most valuable connections at home, and carry out contracts for Her Majesty’s Government.

THE NANT MERTHYR COAL COMPANY,
17, ADELAIDE STREET, SWANSEA.

THE extensive collieries which for a good many years have been in active operation near Seven Sisters, Neath, produce a quality of coal which for certain purposes is specially useful. They have been for some time back, and still are, the property of Mr. David Thomas, whose important business is conducted under the style and title of the Nant Merthyr Coal Company. The commercial headquarters of the firm are at 17, Adelaide Street, Swansea, and are, therefore, situated in the centre
of the principal mercantile quarter of the town. They comprise a well-appointed suite of general and private offices, with all the requisites for facilitating the work of the efficient staff of clerks employed. The registered telegraphic address of the house is “Nant, Swansea.”

The coal of the Nant Merthyr Colliery is of the best quality for steam, furnace, and lime burning. The “Nant Merthyr” coal is specially adapted for blast furnaces, and three-fourths of the quantity used in the Cumberland district is drawn from Nant Merthyr Colliery. The demand is very extensive, and for the supply of the markets the firm have complete shipping arrangements, not only at Swansea, but also at Briton Ferry and Port Talbot and Llanelly. The mechanical appliances at the colliery are of the most complete character, and a large staff of experienced workmen, under efficient management, is employed.

H. WATKINS, WHOLESALE STATIONER, PRINTER, AND LITHOGRAPHER, WHOLESALE PAPER MERCHANT, AND MANUFACTURING STATIONER, STEAM PRINTING WORKS AND ACCOUNT-BOOK FACTORY,
4 AND 5, RUTLAND STREET, SWANSEA.

MR. WATKINS originally commenced business in High Street in the year 1865. He was not long before he made his mark among his competitors, and as business began to flow in additional accommodation became necessary, and a removal was made to the present quarters in 1870, and his house may deservedly claim to take a leading position in the trade. The premises are well located for the control of the business, being in close proximity to the railway station. They comprise a well-appointed suite of offices on the ground floor, together with spacious and well-lighted printing offices, lithographic-rooms, and commodious warehouses and stores. The equipment is the result of the proprietor’s long experience and liberal and progressive policy. It includes the latest and most improved machines for letterpress and lithographic printing, which are driven by a horizontal steam-engine of twelve horse-power. There has also been provided the best kind of machinery used in bookbinding, ruling, paging, cutting, and for making books. A large number of hands are kept employed, and a highly creditable system of organisation and discipline is maintained in every department. Every description of printing is undertaken, from the plainest handbill to the most ornamental and elaborated specimen of artistic work, and in each case superior workmanship can be always relied on. The litho work is accurate and well finished, and a very good name has been secured for the illustrated pattern-books and price lists turned out. The firm is largely occupied in the manufacture of account-books, ledgers, invoice and day books, journals, &c., and all their productions are well known in the trade for durable work, excellence of material, and good appearance. A portion of the manufactory is set apart for the making of paper bags for confectioners, grocers, and others, and occupation in this department is found for several skilled hands. Much enterprise has been manifested in introducing every suitable improvement, and the success of the house in this direction has been richly deserved. The stocks held embrace varied supplies of every description of paper — printing, tea, news, and wrapping. These have been obtained from the best sources of supply, and, being bought in large quantities and under advantageous conditions, are offered at such prices as cannot be surpassed elsewhere. The firm handle every description of stationers' sundries. The business includes the wholesale, and extends for many miles round Swansea, three travellers being kept constantly on the road. Mr. Watkins, who is assisted in business by his two sons, is a widely experienced and practical man, and every department of his comprehensive business receives the benefit of his able personal supervision. He occupies a position of considerable prominence in trade and commercial circles, and is noted for the just and straightforward methods which mark all his dealings.

THOMAS T. PASCOE, COAL EXPORTER,
MOUNT STREET, SWANSEA.

MR. THOMAS T. PASCOE’S career as a coal exporter extends over about twenty years, and, therefore, includes the period of the two decades during which the most marvellous advances have been made in the industrial and commercial importance of the Swansea district. The premises in the town comprise a suite of well-appointed general and private offices, with an efficient staff of clerks. The firm ship to all parts of the world coal in very large quantities, especially of such descriptions as best selected malting coal, large anthracite for lime burning, hothouses, hop-drying, iron-making, smith coal, large Aberdare steam coal, &c. Mr. Pascoe is personally well known, and held in high esteem in the best industrial and commercial circles of South Wales and Monmouthshire. Notwithstanding the heavy claims which his own business makes upon his time and attention, Mr. Pascoe finds leisure to devote to the interests of the community. He was for three years an active member of the Swansea Town Council, and has done much valuable work on the committees of that body.

ISAAC GALE, FAMILY GROCER, &C.,
18, HIGH STREET, SWANSEA.

THIS business was founded over fifty years ago and for many years successfully conducted by the late Mr. B. Goodall, and was taken over by the present proprietor in 1882. The establishment occupies an excellent position in the High Street (No. 18). On the ground floor is a spacious and handsome shop, with fine plate-glass frontage. The interior is fitted up in a very superior style with marble slab counters, glass show-cases, and other appropriate appointments; a convenient office is located at the rear of the shop. On the first floor is a large show-room, principally devoted to the display and storage of china, glass, and earthenware. The stock here includes many beautiful examples of Dresden and other china, dinner, breakfast, and dessert services, toilet sets, flower vases, beautifully decorated Bohemian and Hungarian ware, Dresden figures, Matlock, Majolica, and Worcester porcelain, Japanese goods, &c., &c. The premises also contain extensive storage accommodation for provisions, wines, and spirits, bottling department, tea-blending room, and every convenience for the effective working of a large and increasing business. The leading lines include general groceries, tea, coffee, fruits, spices, biscuits and confectionery, provisions, all the best-known proprietary articles, jams, jellies, pickles, sauces, preserved meats, fruits, and vegetable extracts, and all the specialities of the leading manufacturers of comestibles. Mr. Gale is also the agent for the following firms:— Burgoyne’s Australian wines, Gilbey’s wines and spirits, Carton’s Bristol ales and stouts in casks or bottles, and for Guinness, Allsopp, and Bass, the Peatmore Scotch whisky, Coleman’s Meat and Malt Wine.

In the provision department is a fine stock of Harris’s Wiltshire bacon, Irish and Wiltshire hams, &c., Stilton, Gorgonzola, and Cheddar cheese, &c. Mr. Gale is a very extensive and judicious buyer, and, dealing directly with the manufacturers and producers, he is enabled to give his customers the advantage of all intermediate profits, and to offer goods of a quality and at a price with which it is impossible for small dealers to compete. The house has long enjoyed a special reputation for the excellence of its teas. The stock in this line includes the finest growths of India, China, and Ceylon, and some of the most delicate flavoured teas which generally find their place only in the Russian market are to be met with here. Mr. Gale gives his special personal attention to this department. All samples are liquored and tasted by him personally, and judiciously blended to meet the requirements of his trade. In this department is a large new machine called Parnall’s Patent Blender, which has a capacity for intimately mixing one hundred and twenty pounds of tea in five minutes. A leading speciality is made of blending the finest brands of coffee, and in this department Mr. Gale probably does the largest business in South Wales, his yearly output amounting to many tons. The roasting is all done in London by professional roasters, and received quite fresh from the roasting cylinders. The trade controlled is of the highest class, and of a widespread and steadily growing character. The establishment is in connection with the telephone system, so that orders can be at once despatched to any part.

Mr. Isaac Gale is well known and highly esteemed in Swansea as a courteous and enterprising man of business; and the old and high standing of the house in the commercial world, together with the invariable excellence in quality of its numerous specialities, is calculated to constantly proeaoce the best interests of its numerous supporters and to retain that which has always fallen to its lot.

The Graigola Merthyr Company, Limited (late Cory, Yeo & Co.), Colliery Proprietors and Patent Fuel Manufacturers,
Chief Offices, Cambrian Place, Swansea.

In connection with the great coal trade of South Wales, mention must be made of the large and important business now carried on under the style of the Graigola Merthyr Company, Limited, with head offices in Swansea. This representative and old-established concern was founded over thirty years ago by Mr. Thomas Cory, the present chairman of the Company, and the late Mr. Frank Ash Yeo, member of Parliament for the Gower division of the county, and was registered as a limited liability company in 1885. F. Cory Yeo, Esq;, J.P., is managing director, and J. Roberts, Esq., J.P., is consulting engineer and manager to the Company, while the office of secretary is capably filled by Mr. W. T. Farr, a gentleman of extensive practical experience in the coal and fuel trade. The Company’s principal works are situated at North Docks, Swansea, and are fitted with a large and valuable plant of the most modern machinery and shipping appliances. Employment is given here to about four hundred men, and the industry is systematically organised in every respect, excellent facilities of transport affording conveniences for the receipt of raw material and the quick despatch of the prepared fuel. The large resources of these busy works are supplemented by another establishment at Clydach, on the Midland Railway, where the manufacture of patent fuel is also carried on, the combined capacity of Swansea and Clydach works amounting to some sixteen hundred tons per day.

This Company’s fuel is of superior quality, and their brand (the “Locomotive”) is widely and favourably known. The collieries of the Company are situated in the Swansea Valley, and produce about fifteen hundred tons of steam coal daily, the “small” being used for the manufacture of patent fuel. In coal the specialities of the concern are Cory’s Graigola Merthyr steam coal, Graig Merthyr steam coal, nut steam coal, all of which have a high reputation at home and abroad. It is a well- known characteristic of the Company’s Graigola vein coal that it is the cleanest seam of any in the great South Wales coalfield, and as a natural consequence the patent fuel manufactured from it occupies a position second to none. In South Wales steam-coal life it is recognised that the celebrated Aberdare four-foot coal stands first in all Continental markets, and in like manner the Graigola fuel, Locomotive brand, takes equal prominence. A large staff is regularly employed at the collieries, which are equipped with every appliance to maintain their efficiency. The Graigola Merthyr Company, Limited, are doubtless the largest shippers of coal and patent fuel in the port of Swansea, and they send their product in vast quantities to the Mediterranean, Baltic, and French ports, and also to well-nigh all parts of the world besides. The business is most capably administered in all its operations, and is one of the leading industrial and commercial undertakings in this flourishing town, employing a large amount of labour, and enjoying general confidence and the support of a world-wide connection. Thomas Cory, Esq., the respected chairman of the Company, is a Justice of the Peace for the borough of Swansea, where he has been well known and highly esteemed for many years. The managing director, F. Cory Yeo, Esq., is also in the commission of the peace, and is a member of the Glamorganshire County Council, and both are proprietary trustees of the Swansea Harbour.

J. B. WILSON (F.R.I.B.A.) AND GLENDINNING MOXHAM (M.S.A.), ARCHITECTS AND SURVEYORS,
15, CASTLE STREET, SWANSEA.

THIS leading firm originated in the year 1880, and its career has been a very prosperous one from the first. Mr. J. Buckley Wilson had formerly carried on a large practice as an architect in London and Bath, and Mr. Glendinning Moxham had been established in Swansea prior to the formation of the partnership. Both gentlemen brought to bear upon their respective departments a valuable fund of technical and practical experience, and their co-operation has been attended by the most gratifying results. As architects and surveyors the firm have gained public confidence and approval in all parts of South Wales, and this is particularly satisfactory when we remember that both Mr. Wilson and Mr. Moxham have worked very hard to qualify themselves for the professions they follow, and have taken high degrees therein. They have given the most ample proof of their abilities in the numerous important and extensive works they have carried out from time to time in various parts of South Wales, and it is very pleasing to note that in their principal designs this firm never forget that the element of art is an important one in all architecture worthy of the name, the result being that their conceptions are marked by grace and beauty, as well as by features implying strength and practical utility.

Among the many fine structures which testify to the taste and skill of Messrs. Wilson & Moxham are the following:— (1) Swansea Eye Hospital, which, after a close inspection by the leading authorities on the treatment of the eye, has been pronounced the finest of its kind in the Kingdom, the plan of the building being ingeniously convenient, while the sanitary arrangements are above criticism. (2) The arcade between Goat Street and Waterloo Street, concerning the facades of which a local paper has justly said that they are “very quaint and interesting, and not only attract the eyes of visitors and residents alike, but they form a welcome addition to the architectural achievements of the modern town.” (3) The new bank premises for the South Wales Banking Company, at Llanelly — a most elegant and at the same time a dignified structure, with an antique tiled front and many evidences of the thought and good taste that have been brought to bear upon the design. (4) The beautiful new church at Ystalyfera, a remarkably neat and graceful example of the modern Gothic style, which was illustrated in the ‘Architect’ not long ago. The New Market of the borough of Swansea is to be erected at a cost of £20,000, according to the designs worked out and submitted by Messrs. Wilson & Moxham. This very important commission was gained by the firm in open competition, and it is not too much to say that their designs bid fair to fully justify the choice made by the borough authorities. It is a tribute to the merit of this excellent architectural conception that it was selected for illustration in the ‘Building News’ of November 8th, 1889, the drawings in that journal showing the interior view of the new building, with its vast area entirely unobstructed by pillars or columns, and also the ground plan, and a perspective of the exterior. When this new market is completed it will rank among the most imposing erections of the kind in the Kingdom. The first schools built under the new Intermediate Act were designed by the firm under notice, who here gained another victory in open competition. These schools were approved by the County Councils and by the Charity Commissioners. Several churches, vicarages, villa residences, business premises, and other notable edifices in and around Swansea bear witness to the abundant resources, versatility, and unfailing artistic taste of Messrs. Wilson & Moxham.

As surveyors the firm also hold a high place, and have done a great; deal of important work in this country and on the Continent. They recently completed a survey of the celebrated Morfa Copper Works, which are the largest in the world. Messrs. J. B. Wilson & Glendinning Moxham have a branch office at Llanelly. They enjoy the support and confidence of a widespread and influential connection, and both the principals of the firm are well known and respected in South Wales as gentlemen of high standing and thorough attainments in all branches of their dual profession.

WILLIAMS & MICHELL, IRON AND METAL MERCHANTS, AND OIL IMPORTERS,
FERRY SIDE, SWANSEA.

THE well-known and energetically conducted business of Messrs. Williams & Michell was founded by these two gentlemen some thirty years ago, and the firm have ever since maintained a very high reputation as iron and metal and tin-plate merchants and oil importers. Mr. Michell died in 1880, and the business has since been entirely in the hands of the surviving partner, Mr. E. S. Williams. The extensive premises comprise a suite of general and private offices, of much external and internal elegance. They are furnished with all the requisites for the prompt despatch of the important transactions of the firm. To the rear are the warehouses, ample enough to permit of the careful and systematic arrangement of the heavy stocks held by the firm. The stocks always include bar, sheet, and hoop iron, brass and copper sheets, block tin, ingot copper, and spelter, tin-plates, large tinned, terne, and galvanised sheets, brass and copper tubes, spades and shovels, sheet and pipe lead, and composition gas tubes, sheet zinc, black and galvanised gas and water pipes, iron, zinc, and copper nails, iron, tinned, galvanised, brass, and copper wire, steel files, chains, anchors, vices, anvils, screws, nuts, bolts, rivets, and washers, white and red lead, and white zinc, linseed, olive, colza, and train oils, tallow, petroleum, resin, and turpentine, &c. The commercial connection of the firm extends throughout the whole of the Swansea district, and they also control a large export trade.

J. D. JONES & SONS, FISH SALESMEN AND SMACK-OWNERS,
69, HIGH STREET, SWANSEA.

THIS business has been in operation for many years, having been originally established by the present head of the firm in Garden Street in 1874, and subsequently removed to the more commodious and central site now occupied at 69, High Street in 1886. The premises at this address are situated immediately opposite the Great Western Railway Station, and comprise large shop fitted throughout in modern style, and providing ample and convenient accommodation for an extensive business of this character. The establishment is daily supplied with all kinds of fresh and salt-water fish in season, of which large quantities are received daily, the firm having correspondents in all the leading markets, from whom they obtain consignments of produce for sale on commission terms. In addition to their extensive business as salesmen the firm are also owners of the well-known smack, the ‘Pathfinder,’ a handsome and speedy boat, specially built for trawling purposes, in which it is engaged principally in the bay and other local fishing-grounds. A large wholesale and retail trade is controlled by the firm in each department of their business, the substantial patronage of an influential circle of the resident gentry, hotel and restaurant proprietors, and the general public having been secured by Messrs. Jones in all parts of the town and surrounding districts. The business is of a thoroughly substantial and successful character, and under the able management of the individual members of the firm, Mr. J. D. Jones and his two sons, Mr. Alfred and Mr. Walter Jones, the concern has achieved a well-deserved prominence in the ranks of our leading local business houses.
The telegraphic address of the firm is the appropriate word, “Herrings,” and all communication reaching Messrs. Jones & Sons through this medium receive promptest and most careful attention.

JAMES JONES & CO., WHOLESALE GROCERS, TEA AND PROVISION MERCHANTS,
GOAT STREET, SWANSEA.

ONE of the best-known and most important commercial concerns in Swansea is that of Messrs. James Jones & Co., the old-established wholesale grocers of Goat Street. This firm’s extensive business was founded in the year 1867 by Mr. James Jones, and has continued under that gentleman’s control down to the present day. Large and commodious premises are occupied at the above address, affording every facility and convenience for the conduct of an unusually extensive trade, and immense stocks are held in all departments, the leading lines embracing tea and provisions, spices, arrowroot, almonds, farinaceous foods, rice, oatmeal, peas, barley, hominy, beans, various kinds of seeds, patent goods of every description, biscuits, liquorice paste, confectionery, canned meats and fruits, dessert fruits, oils, extract of meat, sauces, pickles, cocoa, isinglass, and gelatine, all kinds of papers for wrapping purposes, twines, and an extensive variety of household sundries. From the above list it will be seen that Messrs. James Jones & Co. carry on their trade upon a thoroughly comprehensive scale, and hold supplies sufficiently large and varied to enable them to meet all the demands of their customers with unfailing promptitude. The firm has long maintained a high reputation for the quality and reliability of all the goods in which they deal. Every commodity is carefully selected at the best source of supply, and Messrs. James Jones & Co. have to do only with goods of creditable repute. They never lend the influence of their name to push the sale of an inferior article. In all departments the business is directed with conspicuous ability and judgment under the personal supervision of the principals, and the connection maintained is widespread and influential in all parts of South Wales.

James Jones, Esq., the head of the firm, is a Justice of the Peace for Glamorganshire, and has filled the important office of Mayor of Swansea. He is at the present time an Alderman of the borough and a member of the Harbour Trust. Mr. Jones is interested in three very large tinplate works, his connection having extended over many years. But it is in his philanthropic work that Mr. Jones takes most interest, and there is no movement of any importance for the benefit of his fellow-creatures that has not his ready and most willing support. He is a prominent Freemason, in which body he has held high position. He is also equally to the fore with the Grand United Order of Oddfellows, the success which has attended this body in the district being due to Mr. Jones’s well-known energy and perseverance. Some few years ago he became connected with the Manchester Unity, and has raised this institution from the small number of ten members up to the position which is now recognised as one of the strongest in the Swansea district. He persuaded large bodies of men to join, and where the initiation fees were beyond the reach of applicants, he generously paid them himself. This lodge, which is called after his name, the “James Jones Lodge,” has a worthy head, and the members meet every year at Mr. Jones’s hospitable residence. Our view of this gentleman’s private establishment is taken from a photograph showing one of these meetings. Few residents in this busy and progressive community are held in higher esteem, and whose excellent public services have won for him the respect and confidence of all his fellow-townsmen.

FULTON & CO., WINE, SPIRIT, ALE AND PORTER MERCHANTS,
59 AND 60, WIND STREET, SWANSEA.

FOUNDED in the year 1864, this well-known house attracts attention as one of the leading concerns engaged in the wine, spirit, and beer trades at Swansea. The premises occupied are well, situated in Wind Street, and are very extensive, comprising a sale-department, with warehouses, spacious cellarage, and every convenience for the conduct of a business of more than ordinary magnitude. Messrs. Fulton & Co. operate in connection with several very widely-known and influential houses, viz., Messrs. Fulton, Dunlop & Co., Cardiff and Penarth; Messrs. Dunlop, Mackie & Co., Bristol; Messrs. Findlater, Mackie & Co., London, Dublin, Brighton, Manchester, and Rochdale; and Messrs. Mackie & Gladstone, Birkenhead, Liverpool, and Birmingham. From all these firms the same description of goods at similar prices can be obtained. Reverting to Messrs. Fulton & Co.’s Swansea warehouses and cellars, we find them heavily stocked with a large and carefully-selected assortment of foreign wines of the beet growths and vintages, besides choice brandies, whiskies, and other spirits. In the beer department the firm do a large trade in ales in cask and ales and stout in bottle. They also supply Pilsener Lager Beer, and Duncan Gilmour’s non-alcoholic Hop Beer. The ales, both in bottle and in cask, are of the best description, and come from such famous breweries as those of Bass, Worthington, and Allsopp; while Guinness’s stout in bottle is a speciality. Schweppe’s, Summers’, and other eminent makers’ aerated waters are also largely handled by this firm, whose operations take in practically every branch of the wholesale wine, spirit, and beer merchant’s trade. No house has a better reputation for uniform and reliable quality in its supplies, and probably none in Swansea controls a larger volume of business. The connection is widespread and well established throughout the town and surrounding districts, and the following regular deliveries are made:— in Swansea and neighbourhood daily; the Mumbles, Tuesdays and Fridays; Llanelly, Wednesdays: Neath and Briton Ferry, Thursdays; Pontardulais, Fridays; Swansea Valley, Saturdays; Brynamman and district, fortnightly. The whole business is personally supervised by Mr. Fulton, who is a gentleman of high standing in the trade, and possessing a comprehensive knowledge of all its details.

TAYLOR & CO., LIMITED, GENERAL MERCHANTS,
CASTLE SQUARE, SWANSEA.

THIS business originated about half a century ago under the proprietorship of Messrs. Matthew Brothers & Co., and was taken over by Mr. John Taylor in 1865. In 1885, owing to its continued success and development, it was converted into a limited liability company, the directors being William Stone, Esq., J.P. (chairman), R. D. Burnie, Esq., M.P., Julius Smith, Esq., and Henry Hunt, Esq. Mr. John Taylor, the former sole proprietor, retains the office of managing director, and continues to assist the progress of the concern by his energetic and judicious methods of administration. Very large and commodious premises are occupied in Castle Square, an additional large area being added on the formation of the company, to meet the requirements of an extended sphere of operations. The fine four-storey building has a noble frontage to the square, and the site is undoubtedly one of the best in the busy part of Swansea. The block extends rearward as far as the Strand, a distance of two hundred and fifty feet, and the spacious interior affords ample scope for the systematic arrangement of the numerous departments, and for the convenient disposal of the enormous and varied stock.

The company’s special departments embrace tea, general grocery, cigars, brushes, electroplate, jewellery, watches, china, glass, cutlery, perfumery, and patent medicines. The company have introduced several new features which are greatly appreciated. For example, they have established on the premises a saloon in which customers can partake of light refreshments at very moderate charges. Besides the leading departments briefly mentioned above, there is a hire department, through the medium of which cutlery, electroplate, table-linen, glass, china, and earthenware may be had on hire for large or small parties. There is a remarkably fine display of goods in the spacious first-floor show-room, where all the most attractive and artistic designs in glass, china, electroplate and similar goods may be inspected. On the second floor visitors will find large stocks of stationery, patent medicines, &c. Up here also is the tea-blending room, personally superintended by the experienced managing director, and fully equipped with all the requisite machinery and appliances for producing those superior blends of high-class tea for which this house has long enjoyed an eminent reputation. In its entirety the company’s Castle Square warehouse will compare favourably with any in the trade, and in its orderly condition and carefully contrived working arrangements it reflects great credit upon the management and the members of the executive staff. A powerful lift runs from the cellars up to the top floor; Lamson’s patent cash railway is in use in the shop—in fact, every modern convenience is provided to facilitate the routine of the business. The stock is undoubtedly one of the largest and best of its kind in the Principality, and a reference to the company’s catalogue and price list (containing one hundred and sixty-four pages) will show how complete it is in each of its twelve great departments, and how careful the directors have been to include in their list all goods of standard quality and good repute.

The company are sole agents in this district for Messrs. Mappin & Webb, and always show a large assortment of that eminent firm’s high-class manufactures in cutlery, plate, &c., &c. The watch and jewellery department is a survival of the old-established business of Mr. Bernard R. Hennessy, founded in 1837, and taken over by this company about six years ago. It is conducted at No. 5, Wind Street, close to the headquarters in Castle Square, and continues to maintain its old-time reputation for superior articles and first-class practical work. There is a magnificent stock of watches, clocks, and jewellery of all descriptions, and careful attention is given to repairs under the supervision of Mr. Davies, the manager of this department.

The company have a number of flourishing branches in various parts of the country, viz., four local branches in Swansea, two at Aberavon, one at Taibach, one at Dover, one at Weymouth, one at Stourbridge, and one at Kidderminster. Their connection in each case is an extensive one, and the total amount of business done is exceedingly large. At the Swansea headquarters about fifty hands are employed, while an efficient staff under an experienced manager is attached to each branch. The arrangements for the delivery of goods are excellent, and the whole business is conducted in a systematic and thoroughly practical style which greatly enhances its usefulness to the public. The managing director, Mr. John Taylor, is very popular in Swansea, and enjoys the respect and confidence of all the company’s patrons, as well as of his colleagues in the management of the business. He has done a great deal by his energy and sound judgment to promote the interests of the shareholders and to place this important concern upon a firm basis. In the work of administration Mr. Taylor is ably assisted by his son, Mr. John Henry Taylor, and an excellent staff, who take a very active interest in the company’s trade.

THOMAS SIMM, METAL BROKER,
26, CASTLE STREET, SWANSEA.

SOME of the ramifications in the new developments of the metal trades in South Wales, occasioned by the marvellously rapid advance of the industrial and commercial importance of the district, may be studied by an observation of the methods adopted by such enterprising houses as that of Mr. Thomas Simm, Metal Broker, of 26, Castle Street. Mr. Simm established his already successful business in 1887, and by the aid of his thorough technical knowledge of the trade, and his exceptional business aptitude, he has already made a strong position for himself in certain departments of the metal trades of the district. His premises comprise a suite of handsomely appointed general and private offices, which are furnished with all the requisites for the rapid despatch of the large amount of correspondence and other clerical work necessitated by the numerous transactions of the firm. A staff of efficient clerks is employed. Mr. Simm has created a very important and extensive business in the buying and selling of new and second-hand machinery and old metal in general, and is also the largest importer of palm oil in South Wales, which is largely used for the tin-plate trade. In this connection he has made the tin-plate trade his speciality, and controls the transfer of large quantities of the working plant employed in that industry. The convenience of his customers is materially enhanced by the holding of large stocks of palm oil, &c., at the Dock Wharfage, Swansea, and other Welsh ports. Mr. Simm’s commercial relations now extend throughout the whole of South Wales and the West of England. Through his unvarying courtesy in his business transactions, and his untiring zeal in serving his clients by meeting their requirements, he has obtained a large measure of personal popularity which stands him in good stead throughout a large circle of customers which is ever widening.

EDWARD DANIEL, MINING ENGINEER, VALUER AND ESTATE AGENT,
5, WORCESTER PLACE, SWANSEA.

THE above business was established in 1862 by the above-named gentleman in Christina Street and Oxford Buildings, and removed to the present address in 1891. The premises here comprise a spacious suite of well-appointed offices (general and private) admirably equipped with every convenience for the rapid despatch of business. Mr. Daniel has a splendid practice as a mining engineer, valuer, and estate agent. He has the charge and management of a vast amount of valuable property, and among other appointments he is mineral agent for the Earl of Cawdor, Stackpole Court, Pembroke; the Middleton Hall Estate, Colonel Lewis, J.P.; F. Lort Phillips, Esq., Lawrenny Park, Pembroke: the Western Merthyr Coal and Fuel Company, Limited, 12, Old Jewry Chambers, London, E.C.; estate and mineral agent for A. P. Saunders-Davies, Esq., J.P., Pentre Boneath, R.S.O. Mr. Daniel is also consulting engineer for Messrs. R. B. Byass & Co., Tewgoed Collieries, at Cwmavon, near Port Talbot; the Bryndu Coal and Coke Company, Limited; Messrs. Joshua Williams & Co., Aberdylais, near Neath; the Trimsaran Company, Limited, near Kidwelly, South Wales; the Sterry’s Mountain Colliery Company; and several other important undertakings. Mr. Daniel was engaged, in the year 1870-71, in conjunction with his late partner, Mr. Evan Daniel, and also with the late Mr. William Adams, mining engineer, Cardiff, in assisting to report to the Royal Coal Commissioners on the quantity and duration of the South Wales coalfields, and for this purpose had to visit nearly the whole of the collieries in this extensive district, as well as having to take observations on the unexplored parts of the coalfield, thus giving him ample opportunity of making himself thoroughly acquainted with all the resources. He is the only surviving engineer that was connected with this important subject, it having taken about nine years to perform. Mr. Edward Daniel possesses the advantage of long professional and practical experience. He occupies a very prominent and influential position in social and business circles, and takes a keen and active interest in all matters that affect the industrial and commercial prosperity of South Wales. Mr. Edward Daniel is a director of the Swansea and Mumbles Railway and Pier Company, and is also a Justice of the Peace for the county of Glamorgan.

THE LONGLANDS HOTEL, COMMERCIAL AND FAMILY
ST. HELEN’S ROAD, SWANSEA.
Proprietress, Mrs. Jones.

The enterprise of Swansea is well shown in the ample and excellent hotel accommodation that is to be found in the town. No locality in the Principality is better provided in this respect, and among the various aspirants for public honour few have been more successful during the last few years than the well-known Longlands Hotel in St. Helen’s Road. The establishment became recognised for the efficiency of its management, and a continued increase in the business was the result. Mrs. Jones, the manageress, was mainly responsible for this pleasant state of affairs, and some four months ago she took over the business, and is now carrying it on entirely on her own responsibility. It is now regarded as one of the leading and most popular hotels in the town, a fact fully justifying to the ability and enterprise of the proprietress. The hotel is a handsome and attractive structure three lofty storeys in height, and occupying a prominent and convenient position, being within ten minutes’ walk of the Great Western station, whilst tramcars from all the principal parts of the town pass its doors every five minutes.

The main entrance, which looks upon the St. Helen’s Road, is approached through a neat garden, and the visitor on entering will perceive that the arrangement is complete in every respect, showing great judgment and taste. There is a splendidly-appointed smoke-room, and commodious commercial and coffee rooms, as well as a fine private bar. A first-class billiard-room is attached to the hotel and has been fitted up with one of Burroughes & Watts’s celebrated improved tables. A special feature is made of spacious and well-lighted stock-room and show-room, and so well are these appreciated by the commercial community that they are very rarely unoccupied. The private apartments are furnished in suitable style, and afford that privacy and comfort which are so seldom to be obtained in an hotel. The bedroom accommodation extends to about twenty-five beds which, it need hardly be said, are, like the rest of the establishment, kept in a well-managed and thoroughly enjoyable state. Hot and cold baths are provided, and the sanitary arrangements have received the utmost attention. It should be stated that the bar entrance is quite distinct from the main entrance, thus adding to the privacy and quiet for which the hotel is noticeable. An excellent staff of well-trained servants is kept, and the wishes and requirements of guests are quickly and deftly attended to. The cuisine is a prominent feature of the house, while a very choice stock of the best wines, spirits, and cigars is always on hand.

The hotel, both in its arrangement and accommodation, is specially adapted to the commercial and family trade, and every comfort and convenience joined with privacy and moderate tariff will be found at the popular Longlands Hotel. Mrs. Jones is well known in hotel circles as an efficient manager and caterer. She has had a long practical experience and is prompt to introduce every improvement that will tend to the comfort and pleasure of her guests. Her enterprise, ability, and courtesy have been rewarded with a well-deserved success, and the respect and esteem of her rapidly increasing patrons.

PARRY & ROCKE, FELLMONGERS, WOOLSTAPLERS, AND YARN SPINNERS,
STRAND, SWANSEA.

THIS very extensive and important concern was started here in the year 1870 by Messrs. Jones & Rocke, in connection with similar businesses at Wrexham and Chester, and was acquired by the present firm about twelve years ago. During late years considerable alterations have been made in the premises, the enlargement of which from time to time has afforded scope for the development of the business upon a scale of great magnitude. The latest addition to the establishment takes the form of a large four-storey warehouse, facing the Strand. This substantial and commodious brick, iron, and cement structure is one of the best-built business edifices in Swansea, the utmost care having been taken in its construction, and it affords admirable warehouse and office accommodation. Even the extensive flat roof is utilised for storing water, and for drying wools, yarns, and flannels. The ground floor is divided into two parts, one of which is used for the reception and delivery of all goods connected with the business, while the larger portion is devoted to receiving and dealing with the sheepskins, which are the all-important commodity of this industry. Here we find the water-pits, and everything pertaining to the first process in fellmongering, viz., the washing, liming, and cleansing of the skins. This having all been duly attended to, the pelts pass on through other departments, the general equipment of machinery and appliances being very complete. One process consists in pulling the wool off the skins, and this is done with great care and skill, the several colours and qualities of wool being accurately sorted and kept distinct. The wool is then dried and stored away in wool-bins until it is required for manufacturing purposes; while the skin is preserved and prepared for the use of the leather-dresser. The first floor of Messrs. Parry & Rocke’s fine new building constitutes the wool store.

The second floor is the warehouse for manufactured articles, and here are made up and packed for despatch the goods specified in the numerous orders received daily from the firm’s travellers, of whom there are three always “on the road,” covering the whole of North and South Wales and Monmouthshire. The firm have also a resident representative at Liverpool, who looks after the surrounding district. The third floor of the building under notice is divided into two large rooms, in one of which from forty to fifty young women are busily engaged in the knitting of hosiery, using machines of the most improved type. The other room on this floor is the weaving department, with a complete equipment of hand-looms, Messrs. Parry & Rocke adhering closely to the Welsh method of producing hand-woven flannels, and thus maintaining the unrivalled reputation of the Principality for this class of woollen textiles. To the rear of the new building stands the four-storey mill, fully equipped with modern steam-power machinery of the most efficient character. There is also a power-loom shed here, with a fine outfit of looms. Messrs. Parry & Rocke have also dye-works, where the raw wool is dyed in fast colours, such as red, black, and navy blue.

Altogether this business is at once a unique and highly interesting one, as well as a thriving and prosperous enterprise, and it is conducted throughout upon a thoroughly sound basis. Every process is carried out in the firm’s own works, from the initial treatment of the raw sheepskin to the completion of the finished yams, hosiery, flannels, shawls, tweeds, blanketings, &c., all of which are turned out in various kinds and qualities. Very large stocks of manufactured goods are held by the firm, and these are very carefully and systematically stored, thus enabling the largest orders to be promptly and accurately executed. All the productions of this house are protected by their registered trade-mark, the Prince of Wales’s “Feathers.” Messrs. Parry & Rocke control an exceedingly large and widespread trade, enjoying the support and confidence of a most valuable and influential connection. Their goods stand very high in public estimation, and gained the highest awards at Paris and London, 1885, the only two exhibitions at which this house has competed. The principals of the firm are Mr. T. P. Parry, J.P., and Mr. Frederick Rocke. These gentlemen are widely and favourably known in Wales, both in a commercial and a public capacity. Mr. Parry has been three times Mayor of Oswestry, where he resides; and Mr. Rocke is an Alderman of the Swansea County Council.

E. ILES, SCALE AND WEIGHING-MACHINE MAKER (ESTABLISHED 1876),
25, NELSON STREET; WORKS: CORNER OF PLYMOUTH AND SINGLETON STREETS, SWANSEA.

MR. EDWARD ILES has introduced into Swansea the important industry of the manufacture of scales and weighing-machines. Mr. Iles brought to the town invaluable experience, gained with the world-renowned house of Messrs. H. Pooley & Son, of Liverpool. The premises occupy a commanding position at 25, Nelson Street, and also at the corner of Plymouth and Singleton Streets. Abutting these important thoroughfares is a well-lighted show-room, in which are displayed a large number of weighing-machines of the most improved type, and scales suitable for all trades. Attached are workshops equipped with all the necessary appliances for the manufacture and adjustment of all descriptions of scales and balances. Mr. Iles’s productions all display expert and finished workmanship in their construction; and he has secured the support of many influential public bodies, amongst which may be mentioned Her Majesty’s Commissioners for Prisons, and the Swansea Corporation. Special attention is devoted to the manufacture of weighbridges and pit-top machines, which are also kept in repair by contract. Mr. lies is agent for Messrs. H. Parnall & Sons, of Narrow Wine Street, Bristol. He has introduced an important innovation into South Wales by adopting Bristol prices and discounts as the basis of his tariff, and how well his methods are appreciated by the trade his continuously increasing volume of business abundantly testifies.

THE ROYAL COMMERCIAL AND FAMILY HOTEL,
HIGH STREET, SWANSEA.

HOTELS play such an important part in the life of the modern world that it is of the highest consequence to every progressive town and city that it should possess a satisfactory complement of these temporary abiding-places for travellers, visitors generally, and business men. Swansea is well provided in this respect, and presents to our notice a capital example of the first-class family and commercial hostelry in the Royal Commercial and Family Hotel, so successfully conducted in High Street by the late Mr. Chester Row. This favourite house was founded about thirty years ago, and under able management its reputation has been more than sustained. Indeed, this establishment is not now second to any other in the Principality in the estimation of those who appreciate substantial comfort and good living at moderate charges. Every modern improvement, both in the laying out and general equipment of the hotel, has been called in requisition to promote the comfort and convenience of guests, and in the general details of appointment and domestic organisation it may be truly said that the Royal under able management leaves little or nothing to be desired by the most fastidious guest.

The premises are spacious and of handsome appearance, and have an excellent and central situation. Internally they are elegantly appointed in faultless taste, and always with a manifest desire to combine real comfort and luxury with beauty and artistic refinement. The man who cannot with satisfaction “take his ease in his inn” under the favourable conditions here presented would indeed be hard to please. To adequately describe the Royal Commercial and Family Hotel in its improved modern condition would require the columns of one of Swansea’s enterprising newspapers rather than the brief space here at our disposal. We shall not therefore make the attempt, but will leave it for our readers to judge for themselves regarding the hospitality and many good points of this excellent house. They will assuredly not be disappointed.

An idea of the resources of the Royal may be gathered from the fact that two hundred guests can dine at one time in its spacious and beautifully decorated salle-a-manger. As to the conveniences abounding in the establishment, they are “legion.” For example, there is direct telephone communication with Swansea, Bristol, Cardiff, Cheltenham, Newport, Pontypridd, Merthyr, Llanelly, Aberdare, and Neath, the hotel telephone being No. 56. We also noticed a letter-box adjoining the office. This has been provided for the advantage of guests, and is cleared six times daily. The sanitary arrangements throughout the hotel are perfect, being upon the very best modern principle. The cuisine and wines are unexceptionally good, the attendance is efficient and intelligent, the management courteous and painstaking. Commercial gentlemen will find that special provision has been made for them, there being no less than ten stock-rooms for their use. Ladies and gentlemen travelling for business or pleasure cannot do better than patronise the Royal, which is equally well organised as a family hotel, and affords every facility for long or short periods of residence upon reasonable terms. A night porter is always in attendance, and the servants of the hotel render every assistance to travellers on arrival and departure. The proprietors spare no personal effort to ensure the satisfaction of their guests, and it ranks among the best known and most popular hotels in South Wales. The Royal has never enjoyed greater favour than it has under the present management, and there is a marked and continuous increase in its already large and valuable clientele, the result, no doubt, of the careful and capable manner in which they are directing the affairs of the house.

W. THOMAS & CO., GROCERS AND PROVISION MERCHANTS, BONDED AND FREE STORES,
GLOSTER BUILDINGS, SOUTH DOCK, SWANSEA.

THE above house was founded four years ago by Mr. William Thomas, the present sole proprietor. Under energetic and judicious management the business has steadily increased in importance and influence. The premises utilised consist of a three-storey block of buildings extending some eighty feet to the rear. The offices, which face into Gloster Place, are large and handsomely appointed. The warehouses and stores are at the rear and on the two upper floors. The stocks held are exceedingly large and of the finest quality. Mr. Thomas is thoroughly conversant with his business, and all his goods are bought and are selected with an intimate knowledge of the requirements of customers, and patrons will always find prices here to be among the lowest that prevail. The stocks include ample and varied supplies of tea, coffee, fruits, bacon, ham, lard, butter, and cheese, &c. Mr. Thomas is agent for Idris & Co.’s pure mineral waters, which are supplied in syphons and bottles; also for their fruit cordials. He is sole agent in Swansea and district for the famous Royal Amaranth Bitters. It should be noticed that a special line is made of oatmeal, the firm being the exclusive vendors of David Graham & Co.’s Scotch oatmeal, and are also proprietors of the famous pure Welsh oatmeal (Blawd Ceirch Cymreig). Messrs. Thomas & Co. are sole agents in Wales and Monmouthshire for N. James Brownlie’s Glasgow biscuits and cakes. They are also agents for the celebrated Highbridge Bacon Factory’s, Limited, hams and bacon. The trade done is wholesale and shipping. The connection of the house is widespread and valuable, extending throughout the whole of South Wales, and among the principal shipowners. Four representatives are kept constantly on the road, and a staff of some twenty or thirty assistants is employed in the warehouses, all orders of whatever magnitude receiving prompt attention. Mr. Thomas is an energetic and enterprising business man, liberal and fair in all his dealings, and is highly esteemed in social and mercantile circles. He is noted for his active participation in all movements having for their object the improvement and welfare of his fellow- townsmen. Among other offices he has held is that of director of the Albion Permanent Building Society, a position he has now occupied for some years.

JOHN LEGG, SANITARY, ELECTRICAL, AND GENERAL ENGINEER,
17 AND 18, NELSON STREET, SWANSEA.

FOR the past twenty years a large and steadily increasing engineering business has been carried on at the above address by Mr. John Legg, who has gained a high reputation in and around Swansea for his excellent work as a sanitary, electrical, and mechanical specialist. Mr. Legg occupies spacious and commodious premises in Nelson Street, and his show-rooms display a fine stock of lamps, chandeliers, sanitary fittings, gas and electric light appliances, &c., all of the latest and most improved design. A large variety of telephones of the best make form an important speciality in this stock, and an upstairs show-room exhibits many excellent novelties in sanitary fittings of a highly efficient character. At the rear of the shop are spacious workshops fitted with powerful and efficient machinery driven by a handsome “Fielding” gas-engine. The adjoining shop (No. 17, Nelson Street) shows a large stock of water-fittings and various other goods of a similar nature. A speciality here is a sectional model in porcelain of a new closet which Mr. Legg introduced about three years ago, called the “Swansea” closet. This is a highly effective apparatus, the improvements of which are sufficiently important to recommend it for general adoption.

Mr. Legg’s business, in all its departments, is of a high-class character, calling for the use of the best materials and workmanship throughout. The whole of the sanitary and electric work for Madame Patti-Nicolini at Craig-y-nos Castle was executed by him. Pearson’s Search Light, giving a description of the home of the Queen of Song, says:— “The sanitary arrangements at Craig-y-nos Castle are simply perfection,” and recently Mr. Legg has been commissioned to fit up a long telephone line at the same palatial residence, thus enabling Madame Patti to speak to London or Paris. Mr. John Legg has many important agencies, the chief of which may br briefly ennumerated:

(1) Agent for the Fielding Gas Engine (Otto principle), made by Fielding & Platt, of Gloucester, sizes up to three hundred and fifty indicated horse-power, for Dowson or coal gas. The special features of this excellent and favourite engine are its positive self-starting gear, great strength and rigidity, large wearing parts, and economy in gas and oil.

(2) Agent for Norton’s patent “Abyssinian” Tube-wells, which gained the gold medal (highest award) at the Health Exhibition. A large number of these wells were put down by Mr. Legg to supply the town of Swansea with water during the drought of 1888, and the following excerpt from Engineering will show what he has carried out in this line of business:—“Extensive Tube-well Water Supply.— For the last three years Swansea has been more or less short of water owing to the reservoirs giving out, and during the drought of 1887 the Corporation had ten three-inch Abyssinian tube-wells put down by Messrs. Le Grand & Sutcliff, of London, to meet immediate requirements, in addition to some sixty of these wells which were put down in various parts of the town for local wants. This summer the scarcity of water having again become serious, Mr. R. H. Wyrill, the Borough engineer, determined to adopt the Abyssinian tube-well system upon an extensive scale, and erect a permanent pumping station. The site selected is at Brynwilock, about six miles out of the town, where trial tubes had proved the existence of extensive water-bearing seams, at from thirty-five feet to forty feet below surface, which when tapped, overflowed. Altogether forty-eight two-inch tube-wells are being put down, of which forty are already driven, and a supply of about a million gallons per diem obtained. These wells are placed twenty-five feet apart, along the side of the town main, on either side of which the Corporation has an easement of six feet, and the wells are connected to two horizontal receivers each about six hundred feet long, laid immediately over the town main and meeting at the pumping engine in the centre. The work of sinking the wells is being energetically carried out by Messrs. Le Grand & Sutcliff’s representative, Mr. John Legg, Engineer, Nelson Street, Swansea, and the engineer in charge is Mr. Joseph Vevers, formerly with the Leeds Waterworks. The town of Swansea, with its population of one hundred thousand, is indebted to Sir H. H. Vivian, MJP , who owns the adjoining property, for the handsome manner in which he has come forward and temporarily furnished steam power to work the pumps.”

(3) Agent for the Consolidated Telephone Construction and Maintenance Company, Limited, whose head offices are at 109, Farringdon Road, London. By this agency Mr. Legg is enabled to sell free of all royalties telephones for offices and works, for mines and collieries, for mansions and private houses, for hotels, theatres, churches, and for military purposes.

Mr. John Legg is a thorough business man, as well as a practical master of his trade in all its details, and he directs the affairs of his house with conspicuous ability, enterprise and judgment, personally supervising the execution of all orders, and sparing no effort to ensure the satisfaction of the many valued patrons whose support and confidence he enjoys. He has also been intrusted with important work by Her Majesty’s War Department and “Lloyds.”

MORGAN W. DAVIES, A.M.I.C.E., F.G.S., CIVIL AND MINING ENGINEER,
17, ADELAIDE STREET, SWANSEA, AND 7, VICTORIA STREET, WESTMINSTER.

AN eminent mining engineer who has professionally established himself here is Mr. Morgan W. Davies, who during the past ten years has created for himself a reputation second to that of none of the profession in this district. His premises are conveniently situated in Adelaide Street, where they comprise a suite of elegantly-appointed offices, admirably adapted to his requirements. Mr. Davies has devoted his exceptional abilities chiefly to anthracite coal mining, and has largely assisted in the commercial development of that fuel. He has achieved distinction as a specialist in regard to the processes of breaking and classifying anthracite coal into nuts and other sizes. In this regard he is engineer and manager of twelve or thirteen of the most important anthracite collieries in the district. Mr. Davies has also devoted considerable attention to foreign coal and metallurgical mining, and is frequently consulted in London in regard to the possible products of mines in all parts of the world. His London offices are at 7, Victoria Street, Westminster. It may be stated that Mr. Davies is a member of Mineral Industries of France. In the multiplicity of his professional engagements Mr. Davies still finds time, like other distinguished busy men, to devote considerable attention to literature, and is a special correspondent of, and contributor to, “Engineering.”

THE SWANSEA OLD BREWERY COMPANY, LIMITED, ALE AND PORTER BREWERS,
SINGLETON STREET, SWANSEA.

THIS celebrated brewery was founded upwards of fifty years ago, and has been under the control of the present limited liability company since 1887. The administration of the concern is in the hands of a board of five directors, of which the chairman is David Davies, Esq., ex-Mayor of Cardigan, and member of the well-known firm of Davies Brothers, wine and spirit merchants, Cardigan. Mr. William Davies is secretary to the Company. The Swansea Old Brewery is a very extensive establishment, covering a large area of ground with its yards and buildings. The plant, machinery, and appliances are of the best modern type, the place having. been thoroughly refitted by Messrs. George Adlam & Sons, of Bristol. Besides the brewery itself, and the various outbuildings incidental thereto, there are spacious cellars, in which the Company hold immense stocks of their different “brews,” none of which are sent out until they are in perfect condition. These beers have long enjoyed an eminent reputation in and around Swansea, and their good name is fully sustained under the present proprietary. They include three grades of “Mild Ale,” “Crystal Bitter,” “Light Bitter,” two qualities of “India Pale Ale,” and three qualities of stout, the “Invalid Stout” being specially celebrated for its strengthening and nourishing properties. The utmost care is exercised in the brewing of the different beers named above, and the excellent results obtained are due to the very favourable conditions under which they are produced. Only the best malt and hops are used, and the Company have the advantage of a splendid water supply. During the severe drought of 1887 their wells supplied a large portion of the water used in Swansea for household purposes.

As a testimony to the superior quality of the Swansea Old Brewery beers, we may say that they were awarded a prize medal and diploma at the London Exhibition of Beers in 1888. Furthermore, samples of these beers were submitted for analysis to Mr. William Virtue, F.C.S. (Oldbury), and to Mr. W. Morgan, Ph.D., F.C.S., F.I.C. (Swansea), two eminent analysts; and in each case the report sent in has been highly favourable. These reports are printed in extenso on the Company’s pricelist, so that all may see the results of the analyses in full. The Swansea Old Brewery Company control a very large general and family trade, and the affairs of a constantly increasing business are administered with conspicuous skill and judgment. Among the brewing concerns of South Wales this one holds a position of distinction which has been well earned and is being worthily maintained.

JOHN F. HARVEY & CO., CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS, AUCTIONEERS, &C.
4 AND 5, GOAT STREET, SWANSEA.

THE business of this well-known and popular firm of accountants, auctioneers, &c., was established in 1874 by Mr. John F. Harvey under the title of Messrs. John F. Harvey & Co.; the firm have come to be regarded as the leading house in this line in Swansea. Mr. John F. Harvey is a well-known and popular auctioneer, conducting sales of landed property, houses, stock, and other valuables in all parts of the town and district. As chartered accountants they have a splendid practice amongst the leading merchants, bankers, manufacturers, insurance companies, &c., and are also trustees in bankruptcy. At No. 4 and 5, Goat Street, Messrs. Harvey & Co. occupy a spacious suite of well-appointed offices (general and private), and have the largest auction-rooms in the Principality, where goods may be warehoused prior to sale or otherwise. An efficient staff of clerks and correspondents are busily employed. The firm have acquired the very highest reputation for the excellent manner in which all the business transactions are carried out, and the constant care exercised in watching the interests of their numerous clientele. Mr. John F. Harvey, who is an Associate of the Institute of Chartered Accountants, is a gentlemen well known and highly esteemed in Swansea, and has always taken a keen and active interest in all matters that affect the prosperity of the town and district. He is the secretary to the Swansea and South Wales Land Society, Limited, and manager of the Trades Commercial Bank, Limited, whose registered offices are at the above address, and is also treasurer to the Swansea Liberal Club.

JOHN S. BROWN, WHOLESALE IRONMONGER, CUTLER, ENGINEER, SMITH, AND PLUMBER, BICYCLE AND TRICYCLE DEPOT;
21 AND 62, OXFORD STREET, PLYMOUTH STREET; AND 10, NELSON STREET, SWANSEA.

MR. BROWN commenced upon a comparatively small scale in 1879, and he has worked with such excellent effect that his business is now one of the most extensive of its kind in the Principality. Large and handsome premises are occupied in Oxford Street (No. 62), and here Mr. Brown exhibits the resources of his general ironmongery, cutlery, and tool departments, showing a splendid stock of builders’ and joiners’ metalwares, tools, and brass goods, besides choice productions in electroplate, fine cutlery, &c., &c. The array of these goods in the spacious show-rooms on the first-floor is eminently attractive, and here also we find a splendid show o£ ornamental stoves, majolica tiling, new designs in baths and mantelpieces, tiled hearths, fire brasses, fenders, kerbs, &c., &c., besides a brilliant display of lamps, mirrors, gas and electric light fittings, in all the most artistic patterns. A warehouse adjoining the shop, and measuring about one hundred feet long, contains a vast stock of builders’ ironmongery, grates, ranges, paints, oils, and general heavy goods, and another warehouse adjoining this is stocked with rain-water goods and fittings. On the upper floors of the warehouse are kept large supplies of furnishing ironmongery, galvanised-iron goods, gasfittings, and joinery tools, while one spacious room is devoted to boilers, saucepans, and all manner of kitchen and household utensils. At No. 21, Oxford Street is a fine gas-engine, and a dynamo machine for lighting by electricity Mr. Brown’s three establishments. At this address there is a most comprehensive stock of sanitary appliances, embracing all the latest novelties. Mr. Brown is a qualified plumber of high standing, enjoying large patronage and excellent repute as a specialist in domestic sanitation. Other features of the heavy stock at No. 21, Oxford Street are nails, cisterns, ovens, lead piping, iron piping, cooking-ranges embodying the best patented improvements, &c. There is also a smiths’ shop, with three forges, lathes, drills, and other machinery used in making and repairing bicycles and tricycles.

The cycle department is conducted at “The Padlocks” Cycling Depot, No. 10, Nelson Street. These premises comprise two fine show-rooms for cycles, one for new machines, and one for second-hand~ In each there is a very large stock to choose from, as may be judged when we say that Mr. Brown is sole district agent for many of the foremost Coventry makers, including Singer & Co., Premier Cycle Company, the Rudge Cycle Company, the Coventry Machinists Company, Messrs. Bayliss, Thomas & Co., Messrs. Taylor, Cooper & Bednell, also the St. George’s Engineering Company, of Birmingham, the Raleigh Cycle Company, of Nottingham, and numerous other noted manufacturers. These cycle show-rooms, having a floor space of six thousand square feet, are the largest in South Wales or the West of England, and always contain about four hundred new and secondhand machines. Mr. Brown supplies machines on easy terms for cash, or on the hire purchase system. He also sells everything in the shape of cycle accessories, executes repairs, warehouses machines at moderate charges, and generally renders very great services to cyclists in this vicinity.

Mr. Brown has gone in largely for electric lighting, and has made this a special feature of his business. He undertakes the supplying of complete electric light plant for works, collieries, churches, mansions, ships, shops, public buildings, &c., arranging the same for steam, gas, oil, or water power. Upwards of sixty installations have already been designed and carried out in South Wales, a fact which testifies to the excellence of the work done. Electric-transmission of power, colliery signals, house bells, telephones and telephone lines of any length in town or country, and electro-medical apparatus, all come within the scope of Mr. Brown’s electrical department; and price lists, plans, estimates, &c., together with testimonials, will be sent anywhere on application. In its entirety Mr. Brown’s business is a concern equally creditable to its proprietor and to Swansea, and we have pleasure in chronicling its continued increase in all departments. The whole undertaking comes under the personal supervision of the experienced principal, who is locally well known and highly esteemed by the large and valuable connection whose support and confidence he has so worthily gained.

F. H. GLYNN PRICE, LAND AND MINERAL AGENT,
LONGLANDS PLACE, SWANSEA.

THE business over which Mr. F. H. Glynn Price presides has been in existence close upon half a century, and during the whole of that time has maintained a representative standing. Originally founded by Mr. Francis Price, on his demise, which took place some nine years ago, he was succeeded by his son, Mr. F. H. Glynn Price, who occupies premises in a good position in St. Helen’s Road. Mr. Price is thoroughly experienced in every branch of the profession in which he is engaged, and is fully qualified to take up every kind of business connected herewith. He is well known for the ability and judgment he exercises in the letting or mortgaging of land, and for the matured, knowledge he brings to bear in all negotiations with regard to mines and minerals. For the last forty years this house has acted as land and mineral agent for the Duke of Beaufort’s Glamorganshire estates. Mr. Price is a member of the South Wales Institute of Engineers. Surveying forms an important part of his business, and everything connected therewith is transacted in a skilful, conscientious, and thoroughly satisfactory manner. A business man of no inconsiderable ability, Mr. Price is everywhere regarded as an important member of this useful and honourable calling. At the present time he is a member of the Harbour Trust, also of the Board of Guardians’ Assessment Committee. He likewise occupies a seat on the Glamorganshire Sea Fishery Board-

G. AUCKLAND & SON, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL BOOT AND SHOE WAREHOUSE,
47, HIGH STREET, SWANSEA; AND AT LLANELLY.

THE foundation of this highly successful enterprise was laid some twenty-five years ago, and since that date the business, under the energetic management of the proprietors, has been developed with extraordinary skill and ability to its present position as the largest concern of this description in South Wales. Messrs. Auckland’s premises are centrally situated in the principal thoroughfare, and comprise a lofty and imposing building of five storeys, having a frontage to the street of thirty feet, and extending hack a distance of sixty feet, with handsome plate-glass windows effectively arranged for the display of a splendid selection of ladies’, gentlemen’s, and juvenile boots and shoes in all the newest and most fashionable styles. The interior is finely appointed throughout in modern style, and is fully furnished with every convenience for the several sale departments on the ground floor, the upper portion of the premises being reserved for spare stock, of which immense quantities are stored. The goods submitted for inspection include every description of wear for all classes. Some idea of the magnitude of the firm’s operations may be better gained by a few details of the contents of the warehouse for ordinary business purposes, a total stock of some fifteen thousand pairs of boots and shoes being the average number held by Messrs. Auckland. All goods are personally selected by Mr. Auckland, jun., purchasing directly from the leading houses for cash to the amount of between two and three thousand pounds’ worth at each trip. This system of buying enables the firm to offer exceptional advantages to the public, and by strictly adhering to cash payments for all goods purchased at their establishment, they are in a position to guarantee the highest standard of uniform quality and value in every article supplied. Messrs. Auckland have also successfully established a substantial wholesale trade, in which their connection includes many of the principal buyers in the district, in addition to the enormous retail patronage they enjoy from all classes of the inhabitants of the locality. The business is admirably organised in each department of the concern under the able and efficient management of Mr. Auckland, jun., whose thoroughly experienced knowledge of the trade eminently qualifies him to undertake the successful control of an undertaking of this magnitude and commercial importance.

HENRY T. PERKINS, BUTTER, EGG, AND POULTRY MERCHANT, DEALER IN FARM FED AND CURED BACON AND HAMS, SOLE AGENT FOR THE DAIRY TEA COMPANY,
THE CORNISH DAIRY, 17, ST. HELEN’S ROAD, SWANSEA.

THIS noteworthy business was founded four years ago at the above address by Mr. Evans, who was succeeded nearly three years ago fey the present sole proprietor, Mr. Henry T. Perkins. This energetic and enterprising gentleman has made his establishment a household word in the locality, and has rapidly built up a connection that reaches to all parts of the town. At the premises in St. Helen’s Road will be found a neat and attractive-looking shop, scrupulously clean and tastefully arranged. The shop has a good single window, in which a tempting display of the various commodities dealt in is made. At the back are roomy outhouses, these also being models of cleanliness. They are delightfully cool, even in hot weather, and form first-class keeping-places for cream, milk, butter, &c. When everything is of such an excellent quality it is a matter of some difficulty to determine the speciality of the establishment; if there is one it is comprised in the stock of home-cured and country-fed bacon and hams; we doubt if there is another house in the town where the genuine article is so extensively dealt in. There are fresh daily supplies of rich Cornish, Wiltshire, and Devonshire butters, country eggs, new milk, and Cornish cream (raw and clotted). The milk and cream, for their pure, rich properties, cannot be excelled. Deliveries are regularly made to all parts of the town. The quality of the milk elicits high praise from householders generally. Every week there are large supplies to hand of genuine Caerphilly cheese, which is a great delicacy. There is also a good variety of poultry, stocked or to order. There are several assistants employed, who are well up in their respective duties, the proprietor undertaking the responsibility of the management. The manner in which the business is conducted throughout is a credit to Mr. H. T. Perkins, who is worthy of the respect in which he is held by a large portion of the inhabitants of Swansea.

ERNEST DAVIES & CO., PRINTERS AND MANUFACTURING STATIONERS, &C.,
4 AND 5, TEMPLE BUILDINGS, GOAT STREET; WORKS, FISHER STREET, SWANSEA.

THIS large and important business was founded nearly six years ago in Caer Street. Mr. Ernest Davies, who started the concern, carried it on very successfully from the first, and was eventually joined, in July, 1892, by Mr. James Jenkins. These two enterprising and experienced gentlemen are now the joint proprietors of one of the best businesses of its kind in South Wales, trading under the firm-name of Ernest Davies & Co. The firm have large and commodious establishments, which they have organised upon a most systematic plan; they are admirably appointed throughout, and the warehouses contain immense stocks of paper and stationery. The printing works are admirably arranged, and here we find the most efficient machinery and appliances, with a splendid assortment of new type, and are fully equipped in every respect to produce all kinds of commercial, general, and artistic printing in superior style and at moderate prices.

In addition to the works in Fisher Street, Messrs. Ernest Davies & Co. have a retail stationery shop, which is the most handsome and attractive in the town. This establishment, situated in Temple Buildings, has been opened by the firm to supply really good articles at moderate prices in stationery and stationers’ fancy goods, and it has been stocked in a manner displaying at once the enterprise of the principals and their exhaustive knowledge of the trade. The elegantly appointed shop displays to advantage a most varied and interesting assortment of new goods, among which the most prominent items are novelties in purses, pocket-books, card-cases, photo albums, fancy work baskets, workboxes, tourist cases, stationery cases, writing desks, the newest designs in photo frames, blotting cases, dressing cases, jewel cases, cigar and cigarette cases, ladies’ handbags, writing albums, scrap albums, photo screens, local photographs in artistic frames, and many other useful and ornamental articles. This stock is unsurpassed in Swansea for style, novelty, and moderate prices, and all its contents have been selected with rare judgment at the best sources of supply. Messrs. Ernest Davies & Co. also keep here an unrivalled stock of commercial and general stationery, account books of every description, copying presses and stands, files, &c., in which they can offer the highest inducements to those who appreciate genuine quality and the most reasonable charges.

Messrs. Ernest Davies & Co. may truly be said to possess the most complete facilities for meeting the requirements of their patrons in every department of the trade. They can execute with the utmost promptitude any orders for stationery and fancy goods, and can turn out with equal ease and despatch all descriptions of printing, from a lady’s visiting card to the largest poster or the bulkiest trade catalogue. Account-books are a speciality, and are turned out in best style. Many skilled and experienced hands are employed, and an extensive and constantly-increasing business is carried on, the connection being an influential and valuable one. The well-ordered and highly interesting establishment in Temple Buildings is under the personal management of Mr. Haines, who has been connected with every branch of the stationery trade for many years past. The principals of this flourishing arid progressive business are to be congratulated upon the marked success that has attended their efforts to build up a first-class trade upon lines consistent with economy to the purchasing public.

L. L. & T. BULLIN, HEATHFIELD STREET AND FFYNONE MEWS,
SWANSEA.

THE above business was established upwards of forty years ago by Messrs. L. L. & T. Bullin, and during the whole of this period the firm have maintained a position of the very first rank in this important line of business. The premises in Heathfield Street are eminently adapted to the purpose, and comprise a long range of excellent stables and looseboxes, coach and carriage houses, a large covered yard, haylofts, harness-rooms, a well-appointed office, and every facility for the successful working of the business. The firm have a very fine stud of good, sound, and reliable horses, suitable for riding and driving, ladies’ hacks, hunters, and ponies. The “rolling stock” consists of a large number of open and close carriages, hansom and other cabs, phaetons, breaks, dogcarts, wagonettes, wedding equipages, and funeral carriages of every description. Private carriages are kept and horses taken into livery at reasonable rates. Both horses and carriages are turned out in excellent condition, and would do credit to the private establishment of any gentleman. The coachmen and drivers are men of reliable character and remarkable for their punctuality and unobtrusive attention. The firm have an excellent old-established connection, and number among their patrons professional gentlemen, the clergy, the leading merchants and manufacturers, and the elite of society in Swansea and the district. The business is conducted with commendable ability, and the proprietors adequately maintain the eminent reputation which has always been the distinguishing feature of their long and deservedly successful career.

JOHN JONES & CO., COACHBUILDERS,
FISHER STREET, SWANSEA.

THE above business was established in 1875 by the present proprietors. Mr. John Jones is the managing partner, to whose thorough technical knowledge of the business and commercial aptitude its present honourably prominent position is entirely due. The premises, which are conveniently situated in Fisher Street, comprise a well-lighted show-room on that important thoroughfare. Attached are offices, the works being situated at the rear. The latter are equipped with the latest and most improved machinery, adapted to the requirements of the various departments of the industry. These include well-arranged shops for smiths, wheelwrights, body-makers, painters, and trimmers, and in each department a staff of thoroughly skilled workmen is employed. The firm submit drawings and estimates for any description of vehicle and it will be found that their prices compare most favourably with those of London and Bristol houses. Repairs receive special attention, all orders being executed with promptitude, in a style displaying expert and finished workmanship in every detail. Messrs. John Jones & Co. also supply all descriptions of coach accessories and furniture, including Bird’s Patent Noiseless Indiarubber Tires, as used by the Prince of Wales, indiarubber break blocks, carriage aprons, cushions and trimmings in morocco leather, &c., lamps in all patterns and mounts, rein rails, break and door handles, and circular glasses for broughams. The leading characteristics of all vehicles built by Messrs. John Jones & Co. are gracefulness of outline, lightness, and finished workmanship, and it is these qualities, combined with moderate charges, which have gained the house the support of influential families resident in Swansea and for many miles round.

T. D. HAMMETT, BONDED STOREKEEPER AND PROVISION MERCHANT,
7, QUAY PARADE, AND BATH LANE, SWANSEA.

THE above noteworthy business was founded about half a century ago by Mr. Edward Hammett, who carried it on for some years, when he was joined by his son, Mr. T. D. Hammett. On the retirement of Mr. Hammett, senior, the business was acquired by his son on his own account, and [he] now remains its sole head. Very extensive premises are occupied, comprising a substantially built three-storeyed structure, having a frontage of over thirty feet, and a depth of one hundred and fifty feet. This extensive accommodation is devoted principally to storage space, the handsome and well-appointed offices being located on the ground floor and facing into Quay Parade. Mr. Hammett always has on hand a very varied and high-class stock of grocery goods, provisions, and general shipping outfits. British, Continental, and American produce are all represented, the stock being fresh and well selected, the principal feature being the large election of bonded stores. Mr. Hammett buys in the best markets, and the range of goods he keeps enables him to fulfil contracts to any extent. The connection is largely confined to Swansea, but it also extends to other shipping towns on the Welsh coast, and the trade is on a large and constantly developing scale. Mr. Hammett has had large experience in the business, and having a complete knowledge of its every feature, and also being possessed of great enterprise and much business aptitude, he is in a position to command the confidence and support of an influential body of patrons. He is held in much respect by all such, as well as by his more intimate friends.

PEARSE & BROWN, COMMERCIAL STATIONERS, ACCOUNT-BOOK MANUFACTURERS, AND GENERAL PRINTERS,
22, WIND STREET, SWANSEA.

THE prominent position which is held in the mercantile community of Swansea by Messrs. Pearse & Brown as commercial stationers, general printers, and account-book manufacturers is the outcome of a long series of records to which the present firm may claim to be the heirs, for the business which they conduct was founded early in the present century. Upwards of forty years ago the business came into the hands of Mr. E. Pearse (now deceased), who continued to carry it on until 1857, when he was joined by Mr. W. E. Brown, who is now the active principal of the firm. The premises which they now occupy were built in 1857. There is a spacious double-fronted shop, with printing and binding works, together with warehouses, under the same roof. The shop is well arranged and appointed, and contains, together with store-rooms, heavy stocks of mercantile and general stationery, together with an assortment of fancy goods. Messrs. Pearse & Brown are the publishers of the carefully compiled “Swansea Tide Table.” They have held this property since 1856. The work is well known in the shipping world, and has been regularly issued for upwards of a century. They are also licencees for the sale in Swansea and neighbourhood of the shipping forms issued by H.M. Customs, as well as appointed agents for the sale of the Ordnance Survey Maps. The depot of the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge is also at their establishment.

SAMUEL TAYLOR, CHARTERED ACCOUNTANT AND AUDITOR,
TEMPLE BUILDINGS, SWANSEA.

AS a great centre of business Swansea is fortunate in the possession of many accountants of exceptional ability and experience, and prominent in his profession stands Mr. Samuel Taylor, who opened his now prosperous business in the year 1877 in Castle Street, and has just recently removed to the present address, which is conveniently located in Temple Street, near the General Post-Office, and is consequently most centrally situated. His premises comprise a handsomely-appointed suite of offices, affording every facility for the rapid and effectual transaction of business, and here with a staff of fully-qualified clerks, Mr. Taylor — who is a Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants — operates on a large scale in every branch of accountancy and auditing work, and enjoys a very large share of the best patronage in the borough. He, moreover, acts as the accredited representative of the Manchester Fire Insurance Company, the Edinburgh Life Insurance Company, the Phoenix Fire Insurance Company, and the Scottish Accident Insurance Company, for all of whom he has transacted substantial business during the past few years. Mr. Taylor’s business is of a high-class character, and all its affairs are administered in a manner displaying a due regard for the eminent reputation already acquired, and a firm determination to maintain and preserve the same.

WILLIAM PIKE, POSTING MASTER, CAR AND OMNIBUS PROPRIETOR,
RUTLAND STREET LIVERY AND POSTING STABLES, SWANSEA.

THE headquarters of the posting business in Swansea is at Rutland Street Livery and Posting Stables, of which Mr. William Pike is the well-known and worthy proprietor. The business was established as far back as 1805, and was a house of great repute in the old coaching days. Mr. Williams held possession for many years, and was succeeded by the present proprietor, in whose hands it has been since 1877. The premises occupied are conveniently located, and consist of a substantial block of buildings, comprising offices, stabling, coach-houses, harness-rooms, and haylofts. The stables have been built upon the latest principles, and are provided with every sanitary arrangement; they afford the best possible accommodation for the stud of thirty horses which Mr. Pike possesses. Every facility is to be found in the various departments, among which may be noticed a gas-engine for driving the chaff-cutting machines. The spacious coach-houses are well fitted up, and are occupied by a first-class selection of vehicles, including landaus, broughams, sociables, chars-a-banc, cabs, cars, breaks, wagonettes, and omnibuses. A valuable posting business is controlled, and its continued increase shows unmistakably that patrons are receiving every satisfaction. The vehicles on hire are in every case well built and handsome in appearance, and the horses, either for riding or driving, are such as cannot be readily surpassed at any public establishment of the kind. The men Mr. Pike employs will be found civil, obliging, and smart. Special and becoming liveries are provided for the men on particular occasions, such as weddings, which latter branch of the business the proprietor has laid himself open to carry out in first-class style and at charges which cannot fail to give satisfaction.

Pleasure parties and business and professional men can be promptly supplied with suitable turn-outs. Mr. Pike owns the sole rights to ply at the Great Western Station, and orders are received at the Rutland Street stables for the railway omnibuses. A special department is made of funerals, and hearses, Shilliberes, plain or with glass sides, and mourning coaches of the latest construction, together with suitable black steeds, are supplied on the shortest notice. It is to Mr. Pike that Swansea is indebted for the introduction of the modern form of funeral carriage. The connection of this time-honoured establishment extends throughout Swansea and for many miles round. Mr. Pike is an able and experienced business man, and under his well-directed and spirited management the future of the house is well assured.

Mr. Pike is the sole proprietor of the Prince of Wales Drill Hall, in Singleton Street, Swansea, premises which contain the largest floor space in Swansea (1,350 feet). It has a full dramatic licence, and is most suitable for banquets, balls, bazaars, concerts, flower-shows, or any public entertainment. There is a minor hall which is acknowledged to be the handsomest room in the town for select dancing, dining, or tea parties. The kitchens are large, and admirably fitted with cooking range and other appliances. Particulars as to hire, &c., are available at any time on application to Mr. Pike’s manager, Mr. W. L. Pennell, 37, Wind Street. Mr. Pike has long been honourably distinguished in the public life of the district, and at the present time is an alderman of the County Council of Swansea, a harbour trustee, and lieutenant-colonel of the 3rd Glamorgan Volunteers.

BEYNON & MEAGER, AUCTIONEERS, VALUERS, &C.,
VICTORIA CHAMBERS, OXFORD STREET, SWANSEA.

THE business of this well-known firm of auctioneers, valuers, estate agents, &c., was established nearly forty years ago by Mr. John Beynon, who was afterwards joined by Mr. Frederick Franklin Meager, when the firm assumed the present title. The senior partner retired from business last year, and Mr. Meager is now the sole proprietor, the business being still carried on under the tide of Beynon & Meager. The firm occupy a spacious suite of well-appointed offices, general and private, located on the first floor of the Victoria Chambers, Oxford Street. Messrs. Beynon & Meager undertake sales by auction in all parts of the town and district of live and dead farming stock, household furniture, and other property. Sales of horses and cattle are also held periodically at the Jeffrey’s Arms Hotel. The firm also have a splendid practice as estate agents, surveyors, agricultural valuers, and arbitrators. Mr. Meager is well known and highly respected in the district. He is very popular as an auctioneer. Although frequently pressed to accept public office, Mr. Meager has hitherto declined, his business requiring all his attention. He nevertheless takes a keen and active interest in all matters that affect the prosperity of the town and district. Mr. Meager is a gentleman of thorough business qualifications, well understanding the value of the reputation which for so many years the firm has enjoyed.

GRAND HOTEL, CAFE, AND RESTAURANT,
SWANSEA.

THIS well-known house was established in 1882 by Messrs. Davies & Fitt, and during the interim it has gained a more than local celebrity as one of the largest and most popular commercial and family temperance hotels in this district. Mr. J. E. Fitt is now the sole proprietor, and under his close attention and vigorous dispensation the popularity of the hotel is being fully maintained. The hotel is an elegant and handsome four-storey building conveniently located opposite the Great Western Railway (High Street) Station. The premises comprise a splendid entrance-hall, extensive and well-lighted dining-room, having a marble-top bar counter forty feet in length, and coffee-room twenty-five feet long, handsomely furnished and admirably lighted with three fine windows. The new commercial-room is a superior apartment, comfortably fitted up and capable of accommodating some forty gentlemen in style. The smoke-room, too, deserves special notice for the liberal supply of papers and periodicals it contains. The bedrooms number about forty, and are models of cleanliness and comfort. The excellence of the cuisine is a marked feature of the establishment and one which has added in no small degree to its prosperity. All the delicacies of the season are to be found in the larder, and the cooking and serving are of a superior and high-class character, while the tariff is admittedly as low as any similar establishment in the Principality. There is an ordinary every day at 1.30 which is much patronised by business men and visitors. Picnics and wedding parties are also catered for. The Grand has always been a favourite “staying” place with commercial gentlemen visiting Swansea. The stock-rooms are spacious and well lighted, and are very rarely unoccupied. Mr. and Mrs. Fitt make the welfare of their guests their first consideration. Their experience in the business has been long and of the most valuable character. For home comfort, attention, and moderate charges the Grand Hotel is second to none in South Wales.

J. A. DEANS, FANCY STATIONER, BOOKSELLER, &C.,
4, COLLEGE STREET, SWANSEA.

MR. DEANS has recently commenced business at the above address, with, one of the most refined and useful stocks of the kind that has been introduced into Swansea. To those who can appreciate the artistic combined with the useful, his well-ordered establishment is a source of never-failing attraction, while an opportunity is afforded of witnessing the immense strides made during recent years in the manufacture of stationery. The shop has a good single plate-glass window, with a most tastefully-arranged interior. The stock is entirely new, and contains absolutely the latest novelties and improvements. The stationery department embraces all kinds of goods for commercial, legal, scholastic, and general purposes. The fancy goods are most chaste, and are well adapted for presentation purposes. There are all kinds of drawing materials and instruments, including books, blocks, moist colours, mathematical instruments, &c. In books there are elegantly-bound Bibles, church services, Prayer-books, hymnals, &c. In this department may be included the texts, Sunday-school reward tickets, &c. The cases contain handsomely-bound books by standard authors, the poets, valuable and authentic books on the sciences, theology, &c., as well as a superior and carefully-selected stock of Sunday-school reward books by the most eminent publishers. There are all the necessaries for the science and art and private and public schools. The principal newspapers, magazines, &c., are promptly and regularly supplied to order, while orders for all kinds of plain and fancy printing are executed with praiseworthy expedition. Such is the nature of the stock, and the courtesy and attention of Mr. Deans, that a high-class connection has already been formed, and one that is rapidly increasing.

PETER WHITESIDE, STEAM-TUG OWNER,
10, QUAY PARADE, SWANSEA.

IN a seaport like Swansea a good steam-tug service is a matter of prime necessity. Very important services in this respect are rendered to the shipping interests of the town by the “Stag” Steam-tug Company, which is represented by Mr. Peter Whiteside as managing owner. This business was established by Mr. Whiteside about ten years ago, and the admirable manner in which its duties have been performed have constituted the company one of the most highly appreciated institutions of the port. The position of Mr. Whiteside’s offices is most convenient for the purposes of the business; and they are furnished with every necessary convenience for the transaction of affairs. Mr. Whiteside is the owner of two powerful tugs, the “Stag,” and the “Staghound,” which respectively have engines of twenty-five and of thirty horse-power nominal. The “Staghound” has just been built, and, being supplied with all the latest improvements which marine engineering and shipbuilding skill could suggest, she constitutes a model of what a vessel of her class should be. The hands employed under the supervision of the owner are all picked men, with a large experience of the often dangerous and intricate duties which they have to perform. Mr. Whiteside, who has a thorough practical knowledge of his business, is personally well known and highly respected in all the ports of the Bristol Channel. His private address is 20, Trafalgar Terrace, to which address communications, personal or otherwise, may be addressed in cases of emergency with the assurance that they will receive prompt attention.

J. H. NOTT, SHIPS’ PLUMBER, BRAZIER, ELECTRICIAN, AND SANITARY ENGINEER,
QUAY PARADE, SWANSEA.

For the last twenty-two years Mr. J. H. Nott has carried on an important and ever-extending business, in Swansea, as a ships’ plumber, brazier, coppersmith, and iron, zinc, and tin-plate worker. Mr. Nott, through his thorough knowledge of the technical requirements of his business, and the untiring zeal which he displays in carrying out the exact desires of his customers, has been able to avail himself to the utmost of the vast strides in the trade of Swansea during late years, in regard to the amount of important work which he executes, both in ships and in private residences. About twelve years ago the increase of his business necessitated his removal to the commodious premises which he now occupies. These comprise a suite of well-appointed offices, with a convenient warehouse and a well-equipped workshop to the rear. Every requisite labour-saving appliance of the most approved modern type has been supplied, so that the industrial processes are performed under the most favourable economic conditions. The firm are enabled therefore to make the most moderate quotations in their estimates, which largely accounts for the marked success which they have achieved. About eighteen experienced workmen, several of whom are highly trained specialists, are constantly in Mr. Nott’s employment, and are always under his watchful supervision, so that the principal is in a position personally to guarantee the excellence of all the work done in connection with his establishment. Amongst the specialities of which he has a thorough knowledge, and with which he constantly deals, either in manufacturing or repairing, may be mentioned all lavatory appliances, cisterns, tank pumps, brass deck flanges, head and bilge pumps, copper boilers and steamers, lead water marks and figures, copper funnels for stoves, copper and lead scuppers, baking pans, tin measures, brass handrails, bushes for rudders, galvanised-iron ventilators and funnels, side lamps, binnacles and binnacle lamps, &c. Mr. Nott has also a splendid connection, amongst builders and private families, as a practical plumber, gas, hot-water and sanitary engineer, &c. He has always kept himself thoroughly abreast of the most modern improvements in the various departments of his trade, and has every facility for the installation of electric bells, speaking tubes, &c. Mr. Nott is personally well known throughout the Swansea district, and is highly respected for the sterling integrity which characterises all his transactions.

B. BENSON BROTHERS, HERRING CURERS, NORWEGIAN ICE IMPORTERS AND STEAM-TRAWL OWNERS, SOUTH WALES FISH, GAME, AND ICE ESTABLISHMENTS,
10 AND 170, HIGH STREET, SWANSEA.

THIS excellently-managed establishment, whose success is the result of an exceptional amount of ability combined with a thorough technical knowledge of the wholesale trade in fish and game, was founded in 1840 by Mr. Thomas Benson. The members of the present firm, who succeeded in 1883, are his sons, Messrs. Thomas and John Benson. The headquarters of the house at 10, High Street comprise a finely-proportioned sale-room, well stocked with every variety of fish and game in season. Handsome plate-glass windows, and massive marble-topped counters and slabs are in keeping with the excellent quality and bounteous supplies of necessaries or luxuries for the table which Messrs. Benson ransack sea and land to procure. The offices are fitted with telephonic communication and all the other devices of modern invention for facilitating the despatch of business. The telephone number is 94, and the registered telegraphic address is, “Benson, Swansea.” They have permanent offices at Milford, and during the season, at Grimsby and Lowestoft. Messrs. Benson Brothers have likewise a thoroughly equipped branch shop at 170, High Street, Swansea. They are owners of steam trawlers, employed in procuring fish for their trade, and were pioneers in the introduction of screw trawlers into the district. Everything in the surroundings of this admirably appointed establishment, from the spacious curing-houses and curing stores, to the cooperage, in which a large number of barrels are constantly being made or repaired, is in keeping with the magnitude and the high class of the business. Ample ice-stores and wells furnish refrigerating adjuncts, and there is excellent stabling for the horses employed by the firm. The business relations of the firm extend throughout the trade within a wide radius, including a large portion of Glamorganshire and adjacent counties. In the mackerel season the untiring enterprise of the house is illustrated by the running of their own “carrying” steamers. To their warehouses arrive daily great supplies of fish from all parts of our coasts.

S. MARQUISS, HOUSE AND SIGN DECORATOR,
46, OXFORD STREET, SWANSEA.

ORIGINALLY established in 1873 as Messrs. G. & S. Marquiss, the business passed entirely into the hands of the present proprietor in 1889. The premises occupy an excellent position in Oxford Street (No. 46), and comprise a spacious and well-appointed shop, together with office and well-equipped workshops at the rear. Mr. Marquiss holds a very large and thoroughly representative stock of paperhangings and wall coverings in all the newest and most fashionable designs, plain sheet and stained glass, paints, varnishes, and decorators’ materials of all kinds. Mr. Marquiss takes a special pride in his display of paperhangings, and it is impossible to look upon the many exquisitely beautiful and varied designs, with their wonderfully blended and thoroughly subdued yet rich colourings, without acknowledging them, to be works of art of the highest order. Mr. Marquiss has an excellent old-established connection. An efficient staff of experienced hands are regularly employed, and with the superior facilities at command, he is enabled to carry out contracts and work of any magnitude on the shortest notice, and with every attention to economy. Mr. Marquess possesses the advantage of long and thorough practical experience. All the work is carried out under his direct personal supervision. He is an active and popular man of business, and a much respected member of the mercantile community, amongst whom he takes high rank.

A. HURN, MANUFACTURER OF HIGH-CLASS SODA-WATER, LEMONADE, POTASH-WATER, &C.,
MINERAL WATER WORKS, NORTHAMPTON. LANE, SWANSEA.

MR. A. HURN commenced business on his own account in April, 1892, at the Mineral Water Works, Northampton Lane. Mr. Hurn has had an experience of an exceptionally long and valuable character, and in his new venture he brings to bear many qualifications which cannot fail to insure its success. For thirty years he held the responsible position of manager at Bett’s well-known mineral-water works in this town, and in every department of the manufacture he may be said to be equally at home. Operations are carried on in large and commodious premises, consisting of a two-floor block of building. The ground floor has been thoroughly fitted up with filling and corking apparatus and plant and machinery of the best and most modern description, the whole being driven by a four horse-power engine. It should be said that the equipment has been supplied by Messrs. Heywood & Tylor, the eminent London engineers. The first floor contains stock-rooms and warehouses, and is in every way well adapted and arranged for the business. Already a considerable connection has been secured, and the business is rapidly growing. Everything the proprietor is turning out is of first-class quality. The produce is recognised in the trade as the best of its kind that skilled experience and attention can produce. The factory is remarkably clean and tidy, and every process of manufacture is carried out under responsible supervision, so that the absolute purity of the article can always be guaranteed. The stocks held embrace superior soda-water, lemonade, potash-water, ginger ale, hop bitters, &c., &c. Mr. Hurn gives his close personal attention to every branch of the business, and takes every care that science or experience can suggest to maintain the uniform excellence of his beverages. All orders are promptly filled, an ample force of skilled workmen being employed. The proprietor, in addition to his great practical skill, is a thoroughly enterprising and persevering man, and this, with his straightforward methods of business, cannot fail to secure him a continuance of that prosperity he has already initiated.

EVAN EVANS, WHOLESALE AND FAMILY GROCER,
THE COFFEE POT PROVISION STORES, HIGH STREET AND STRAND, SWANSEA.

MAINTAINING an eminent position among the leading grocery establishments of Swansea, this prosperous business is in many ways a remarkable instance of what industry and well-directed enterprise can do, in raising the fortunes of a house from a comparatively small beginning to one of great magnitude and importance. Organised in the year l869 by the late Mr. Danial Evans, the business, at his decease some ten years later, was acquired by the present able and energetic proprietor, who was but sixteen years of age when he lost his brother, but nevertheless entered into his work with a native genius and indomitable energy which has proved effectual in overcoming every obstacle, and rising triumphant, with the result that Mr. Evan Evans is now the sole proprietor of an enormous business, having branch depots, each of which has already paid for its erection and installation, at the Castle Provision Stores, Evans’s Terrace, Dinas Plasmarl; the Household Stores, Waunarlwydd; 18 and 19, Hawarden Buildings, Landore; Manselton, Cwmburla; and Clarence Buildings, Strand, Swansea. In addition to these — each of which is self-maintained and under efficient management — Mr. Evans holds vast warehouses and stores at Richards Place, Swansea, from which all the retail shops mentioned are supplied, and a large wholesale trade connection adequately catered for.

The headquarters in High Street extend backwards for a distance of about two hundred yards to the Strand, and consist of a large and substantial three-storeyed building, admirably divided into show-rooms, offices, and warehouses, and appointed throughout in the best modern style, while a good service of horses and vans is maintained for the delivery of orders to all parts. Groceries and provisions of every conceivable kind are exhaustively represented, and none but goods of the best quality are permitted to emanate from the establishment. Mr. Evans’s connections and facilities are of a superior character altogether, enabling him to offer special advantages to customers, and to execute all orders in a prompt and satisfactory manner. He is well known and highly esteemed in trade circles, as an enterprising and thoroughly capable business man, liberal and fair in all transactions, and well deserving of the substantial success he is achieving.

CHARLES A. DAVIES, HAY AND CORN MERCHANT,
ORCHARD STREET, SWANSEA.

THE above business was established in 1862 by the late Mr. David Davies, father of the present proprietor, who acquired it on the death of the former in 1880. Commodious premises are utilised as stores and warehouse, consisting of a substantial two-storey building, which offers large accommodation for the comprehensive stock which is carried. It includes feeding-stuffs of all kinds for horses and cattle, such as hay, straw, oats, Indian corn, oil, cotton and linseed cakes, bran, crushed Indian corn and other foods, barley, wheat, and oatmeal, maize, Spratt’s dog and poultry food, Old Calabar foods for dogs and poultry, Thorley’s and Beechey’s foods for cattle, besides moss litter, &c., &c. Mr. Davies conducts both a wholesale and retail trade, and undertakes forage contracts. He is forage contractor to the Bath and West of England Agricultural Show. A splendid and flourishing business is conducted, Mr. Davies supplying patrons in all parts of the town and surrounding districts. He has a corn store in the Swansea Horse Repository, in Oxford Street, which he conducts on highly successful lines. The proprietor personally superintends the business. Possessed of a complete knowledge of the requirements of the public in this line, he is always able to supply what is by general consent admitted to be best suited for the purpose required. He is widely known in the town, and is much esteemed for his many excellent qualities.

GEORGE EDWARD GORDON, SURVEYOR,
102, OXFORD STREET, SWANSEA.

MR. GORDON commenced practice about eight years ago at Post Office Chambers, and rapidly acquired a well-established position in his profession, securing as clients many of the leading land and mine owners in the Principality, and steadily extending the scope of his operations over a wide area of the district. Three years ago Mr. Gordon removed to the more commodious and centrally situated offices he now occupies at 102, Oxford Street, the accommodation at this address including a well-furnished suite of rooms providing every convenience for the clerical staff and the requirements of the principal and his clients. The several departments of Mr. Gordon’s business embrace every branch of land and mining surveying, in which his extended professional experience gives him expert authority in all matters relating to the laying out of building and other estates, measurements for valuation, and similar work. In these operations Mr. Gordon has long enjoyed a widespread and valuable practice, and has secured the confidence of an extensive and influential clientele. In addition to his private practice as surveyor, Mr. Gordon occupies the responsible position of manager of the Penlan Colliery, and, as indicating his interest in local questions, has for some years served as a member of the Penclawdd School Board to the entire satisfaction of his colleagues on that body and all sections of his fellow townsmen.

J. MURRAY STEWART, M.R.C.V.S.G., &C., VETERINARY SURGEON (CANINE SPECIALIST),
OXFORD STREET AND NELSON STREET, SWANSEA.

SINCE 1889 the district has possessed the advantage of having a resident veterinary surgeon in the person of Mr. J. M. Stewart, M.R.C.V.S.G., who has a thorough practical knowledge of the most modern developments of veterinary science, gained after many years* experience in various parts of the country. Mr. Stewart’s premises are at Nelson Street and Oxford Street, and comprise, at the Oxford Horse Repository, a surgery, stabling, and infirmary boxes, all fitted with the necessary appliances, representing the latest improvements in veterinary surgical technology. Mr. Stewart’s practice includes the usual veterinary treatment of horses and other animals, with the aid of a thorough knowledge of the results of the most recent original research. Mr. Stewart has already attained more than a local reputation for his remarkable ability as a specialist in canine cases, and his merit, in this respect, is gratefully recognised by many leading sportsmen in all the southern counties of the Principality. In several delicate operations, such as the emasculation or cleaning of young stock and docking, the necessity for the performance of which is very frequent, a large amount of pain has hitherto been inflicted, which is almost entirely obviated by certain novel methods of treatment which Mr. Stewart has successfully introduced, thus doing away with the possibility of fractures, lockjaw, &c., so frequent by the old methods. His patrons, therefore, have an absolute assurance that, in entrusting their animals to his care, they are promoting the cause of humanity in the most practical manner possible. Mr. Stewart graduated with honours at the Glasgow Veterinary College, and several silver medals and first-class certificates testify to the zeal and success with which he went through his academic career.

WALTER POWE, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL MANUFACTURING CONFECTIONER,
219, HIGH STREET; 21, COLLEGE STREET; AND STRAND, SWANSEA.

HALF a century has now elapsed since the formation of this prosperous concern by the late Mr. John Powe, upon whose decease in 1878, the business passed into the hands of his experienced son, the present able and enterprising proprietor, who recently abandoned the original premises in Orange Street, in order to give scope to the rapidly expanding trade. The premises in High Street consist of a spacious attractively appointed retail depot, in which a particularly fine display of choice confectionery of Mr. Powe’s own manufacture, as well as the sweets of other famous firms, such as those of Barrett’s, Woodward’s, and others, is always en evidence. 21, College Street, on the other hand, is reserved as the headquarters, for the supply of the trade, and comprises a commodious handsomely fitted shop, with ample storage accommodation for a very heavy stock on the upper floors. The manufacturing department is located at the Strand, and consists of a large steam factory, elaborately equipped with a plant of the most modern machinery and appliances by Messrs. Brierly, which is capable of producing no less than fifteen tons of assorted sweets per week.

Whilst manufacturing sweets of every kind, Mr. Powe has won a widespread and well-merited renown for his Everton toffee, walnut rock, almond toffee, and French almond rock; and has recently made a speciality of a most toothsome and delicate sweet called “Creamona,” which is prepared from a basis of pure clotted Devonshire cream, which he receives in large consignments by steamboat three times a week direct from Devonshire dairies. A sample of this “Creamona,” from which large profits can be made, is sent post free to retail dealers in any part of the Kingdom, upon receipt of a postcard or letter; and so universally well has the delicacy sold that a very considerable business is done in this item alone. In addition to a good local retail and wholesale trade, Mr. Powe promotes his business in all parts of the Principality, through the agency of a full staff of travellers, and at his works and depots finds regular employment for a staff of about thirty hands. For the rest, the business is conducted upon the soundest commercial principles, and is steadily advancing in prestige and position under thr influence of the ability and energy which mark the administration of all its affairs in the mercantile world.

THOMAS HARRISON, FRUIT AND POTATO MERCHANT, COMMISSION AGENT, &C.,
PADLEY’S YARD, SWANSEA.

As it was in 1878 that Mr. Thomas Harrison established the important business which he has since conducted in Swansea, his commercial career has extended through a large portion of the period, during which the wonderful advance in the industrial and commercial importance of the South Wales coal and iron districts has taken place. This flourishing business was founded and carried on in the same yard in which the present commodious premises are situated. In 1888 the increasing volume of business necessitated the removal to the present quarters, which comprise three ample stores and a well-appointed office, furnished with all the appliances for facilitating the prompt despatch of the extensive correspondence necessitated by the numerous transactions of the firm. Mr. Harrison is a large importer and dealer in every description of fruits in their several seasons, also potatoes, fish, and parsnips, carrots, &e. The French ports give him constant supplies of apples, pears, plums, apricots, cherries, &c. Potatoes are obtained from English, Irish, and French ports, and are held in stock and in excellent condition all the year round. Mr. Harrison’s extensive and intimate relations with growers in these several districts are such that at all times he is able to offer the best class of produce at the lowest possible rates. It is thus that he is able to control an important connection amongst many classes of retail dealers, which extends throughout Glamorganshire and the adjacent counties.

JOHN BOYLE, WHOLESALE GROCER AND PROVISION MERCHANT,
OXFORD WAREHOUSE, OXFORD STREET, SWANSEA.

THIS important business was originally established by Mr. Robert Savage, at 52, Oxford Street, and was shortly afterwards acquired by Mr. Boyle. Ever since 1875, when he took over the control of the establishment, he has continued to steadily increase his connection. Before Mr. Boyle had advanced far in his commercial career, the volume of his business had become so considerable that it was necessary to remove to the commodious premises which he now occupies. These comprise a large warehouse, four storeys in height, with an extensive floor area. There is a suite of well-appointed general and private offices. The warehouse has floor-space ample enough to permit of the systematic arrangement of the large and varied stocks which are always held, and constitutes, in its internal organisation, a model of what a large wholesale grocery and provision establishment should be. On the ground floor are stocks of all sorts of groceries and provisions. The first floor is utilised for the storage of flour, meal, forage, &c., while a fine assortment of earthenware goods, together with large stocks of tea, paper, and spices, is to be found on the second floor. The third floor is utilised for surplus stocks. The business is entirely wholesale, and it is indicative of the energy which characterises its management that its interests are represented by the principal himself in the commercial journeys which he periodically makes throughout the district. Mr. Boyle’s relations with the producers of all classes of provisions are so intimate that he is able to place his customers upon the most favourable footing, both as regards the quality of the goods supplied, and the moderate prices charged for them.

T. WOODWARD, PORK BUTCHER, WELSH HAM AND BACON CURER,LARD REFINER, SAUSAGE MANUFACTURER, &C.,
WREXHAM PORK SHOP, 229, HIGH STREET, SWANSEA.

ORIGINALLY organised in the year 1877 at Wrexham, by its present able and enterprising proprietor, this prosperous and progressive business was transferred to its eligible headquarters in the High Street, Swansea, some seven years since. In 1888 Mr. T. Woodward opened a branch establishment at 13, Oxford Street, in order to give full scope to his rapidly expanding business. The Wrexham Pork Shop, as it has appropriately been called, is in every point of character and situation precisely adapted to the requirements of a very brisk business of the kind. The premises consist of a spacious double-fronted shop of singularly inviting appearance, appointed throughout in the best modern style, and always very fully stocked with the primest dairy-fed pork, Welsh hams and bacons, glazed beef, dressed ox tongues, roast pork and boiled hams, Wrexham and German sausages, polonies, puddings, pork pies, pure lard, and pork products of every kind. At the rear there is a well-constructed warehouse and a perfectly equipped factory, where the sausages are made by machinery driven by a powerful gas-engine. Mr. Woodward has won a widespread and well-merited renown as a dealer in articles of the best quality exclusively, and commands a large family as well as an extensive wholesale trade, which extends to all parts of the borough and its populous districts. His connections and facilities are of a superior character, enabling him to offer special advantages to customers, and to execute all orders in a prompt and satisfactory manner. Personally, Mr. Woodward is well known and highly esteemed in trade circles as an enterprising and thoroughly capable business man. He is president of the Swansea Butchers’ and Cattle Dealers’ Association, and managing director of the Swansea Hide, Skin, Fat, and Wool Company (Limited).

JAMES ANDREWS, ARTIST PHOTOGRAPHER,
3, SOMERSET PLACE, SWANSEA.

FOR more than thirty years Mr. Andrews has been in excellent practice as an artist photographer, and during the whole of this period he has been most intimately associated with the progress and development of the industry, and all the improvements that have been introduced into the various processes. He was undisputably the pioneer of art photography in South Wales. The studio is situated opposite the Town Hall, and close to the Custom House, telegraph offices, and the Swansea Docks. The premises are in all respects suitable for photography of the highest class, and afford facilities for the exercise of every branch of the art. The reception-rooms contain many splendid specimens of photographic portraiture in all the newest styles, which well display in clearness, definition, and beauty of finish the superior skill and talent employed in this establishment. Mr. Andrews makes a leading speciality of the photographing of steamships and other vessels, either afloat or in the dry docks. In cartes-de-visite, cabinets, enlargements, and panel work Mr. Andrews’s productions are unexcelled. Perhaps enlargements from the ordinary cartes-de-visits or small photographs are the speciality to which this gentleman devotes his most careful attention, and he has been exceedingly successful in this branch. It is no uncommon thing with him to produce a perfect life-sized picture of a single person from these, or from a group, and thus produce an effect as if the person so delineated had given an individual sitting. Persons possessing photos in groups will be glad to find that portraits of individual members can be extracted in the most perfect manner, and finished in such a way as to give the idea that a personal sitting has been given. The excellent equipment of the establishment ensures the prompt execution of orders, while the prices charged are very moderate, and the satisfaction to be obtained by an artistic and accurate portrait is guaranteed. Mr. Andrews is personally very popular, and his courteous attention to the requirements of his numerous patrons makes a visit to his well-organised studio a source of interest, pleasure, and enjoyment.

A WILLIAMSON, WHOLESALE SHIPPING AND FAMILY BUTCHER,
85, OXFORD STREET, SWANSEA.

MR. WILLIAMSON commenced operations at his present address some seven years ago, and has in that comparatively brief period firmly established this concern in the front rank of the leading purveyors of this class of produce in the district. The premises occupied by this gentleman are centrally situated at 85, Oxford Street, one of the principal thoroughfares in the town, the establishment presenting a good frontage to the street, and combining every advantage of space and convenience for carrying out the work of the several departments of the business. The premises are fitted throughout with the necessary appointments, including a large refrigerator, and are effectively illuminated with the electric light, the whole of the arrangements being designed on the most superior scale. The establishment is daily supplied with the primest qualities of home-fed and slaughtered Welsh and English beef, Welsh mutton, and lamb and veal when in season. In the rear an extensive manufactory is devoted to the sausage-making department, which is fully equipped with improved plant for this purpose, motive force being supplied by a powerful steam-engine, which is also utilised for driving the dynamo for generating the electric light. In addition to the departments already mentioned Mr. Williamson is also extensively engaged in the bacon-curing trade, and in supplying shipping orders for live pigs, sheep, poultry, and other provisions. A large and steadily increasing trade has been developed by the proprietor in each branch of the business, a widespread family and shipping connection having been established in Swansea and the neighbourhood, whose substantial and continued patronage and support have been secured by the exceptionally high quality of the goods supplied, and the prompt and careful attention given to the execution of all orders, wholesale or retail, which may be entrusted to this gentleman for completion.

J. BRADER & SONS, DEALERS IN HIGH-CLASS PIANOFORTES, AMERICAN ORGANS, AND HARMONIUMS,
9, WIND STREET, SWANSEA.

THE precise date when this noteworthy business was founded was 1840, operations being then commenced by Mr. John Brader, the father of the present proprietor. The founder died some three years ago, and was succeeded by his son, Mr. John Brader, under whose sole proprietorship the business has remained ever since. Mr. Brader brings to his business the result of a lifelong experience, and under his vigorous control the ancient prestige of the house has been more than maintained, an important and still increasing addition being made to the patronage. Operations are carried on in a handsome block of four-storey building, prominently situated in one of the leading thoroughfares. The premises consist of a double-fronted shop, admirably fitted up with every requisite, and extending to a considerable distance to the rear. The windows are worthy of special notice for their size, and the fine display of instruments they contain. There is a spacious and well-lighted show-room on the first floor, and another at the back, over the well-equipped workshops. A first-class and valuable trade is here controlled, and the establishment is deservedly regarded as having no superior in South Wales. The stocks held are exceptionally large, and every instrument offered has been personally selected, and is fully guaranteed.

The stocks include splendid samples of all the leading English and foreign pianoforte makers — Collard & Collard, Broadwood, Erard, Kirkman, Brinsmead — and especially noticeable are the magnificent instruments made by the famous firm of Bechstein, for which Mr. Brader is the sole district agent. The harmoniums in stock comprise selections from the best-known makers, and the American organs include specimens of Mason & Hamlin, Clough & Warren, Bell, Smith, Estey, and all the most famous manufacturers* A speciality is made of supplying these harmoniums, as well as pipe organs of any size, to places of worship. These are tuned, repaired, and kept in order by the firm. Estimates are supplied free of charge. There are also large assortments of every description of wind and string instruments, and fittings in great variety. Immense supplies are kept of music, both bound and in sheets, and special attention is given to supplying new pieces as soon as published. Instruments are supplied on the one, two, and three years’ system of purchase, without any increase in the price, and any instrument in the establishment can be selected. Instruments are lent on hire for any length of time. An efficient staff of skilled workmen is kept on the premises, and repairs of every description receive prompt attention; and pianofortes, organs, and harmoniums are- tuned by contract or otherwise. In each department an extensive connection is maintained, and the firm enjoys the patronage of the highest classes in Swansea and the district. Mr. Brader is widely known as an able, courteous, and honourable business man, and is respected and esteemed by all with whom he has dealings.

WILLIAM RICHARDS, PURE TEA MERCHANT, STEAM BAKER, PROVISION DEALER, &C.,
167 AND 168, HIGH STREET, SWANSEA.

AMONG the representative businesses in Swansea which claim attention by reason of their public usefulness, that of Mr. William Richards stands forth prominently. It is one of the largest and busiest concerns in the town, and dates its history from the year 1846. The original premises were taken by the tramway company, and Mr. Richards built the present fine establishment in 1881. These premises are of large extent and handsome appearance, and have a most advantageous situation facing High Street and Prince of Wales Road. The frontage is a lengthy one, and the large plate-glass windows afford superior facilities for the display of goods. Internally the warehouse is admirably appointed, and every convenience exists for the transaction of business upon a large scale. Immense stocks are held in all the departments of the trade in which Mr. Richards engages. The bakery department is a particularly important feature, as may be judged from the fact that something like two thousand cakes, buns, &c., are turned out daily. The weekly output of bread is correspondingly large, amounting to about ten thousand four-pound loaves, and among the many successful novelties introduced in this department we note a new raisin cake, which is rapidly achieving a well-merited popularity. In the bakery everything is done by steam machinery, of which there is a large and valuable plant in operation, and thus absolute purity and cleanliness are ensured. Teas also form a leading speciality of this extensive business. Mr. Richards has long been noted for his pure teas, and he continues to maintain a very high standard of excellence in this department, producing choice blends of the finest China, India, and Ceylon growths, and carefully studying all tastes with a view to meeting the requirements of every class of customers. In this he is eminently successful, and there is a widespread and steadily increasing demand upon his resources in the tea department.

Provisions of various kinds come within the wide scope of Mr. Richards’s trade, and the spacious cellars of the premises in High Street exhibit the completeness of his preparations for a large business in this line, great stocks being held in bacon, butter, cheese, lard, and other goods of a kindred nature. There is also a grist-mill, admirably equipped with the necessary machinery, and over the bakery are bins and apparatus for blending flours. Stabling is provided for fifteen horses, which, together with a number of vans and carts, are required in the delivery work of the business. Upwards of thirty competent and experienced hands are employed in the various departments, and for this staff there is ample dining-room and bedroom accommodation on the premises. Ten branches are conducted in connection with, the business, viz., at Swansea, Landore, Morriston, Manselton, and St. Thomas; and these include two butchers’ shops, which enjoy a large amount of patronage. At Caereithen Mr. Richards has a large dairy, with about fifty cows, and from this source he derives supplies of choice dairy produce; while at the same place are fed large numbers of cattle, sheep, and pigs for the butchers’ shops already mentioned. Altogether this business must be regarded as one of the most extensive and important concerns of its kind in South Wales; and it receives the regular support of a large and influential local and district clientele.

The head of the house, Mr. William Richards, is one of Swansea’s most prominent citizens, and is greatly esteemed for the energy and public spirit he has displayed in all matters affecting the welfare of the community. His popularity is evidenced by the fact that he has been a member of the Swansea Corporation since 1875, when he was elected by the remarkable majority of twelve hundred votes, five other candidates competing at the same time. He is also a Justice of the Peace for the borough, and has been an alderman since 1889. Mr. Richards takes a very active interest in the Streets Committee, of which he has been chairman for a number of years; and the fine horses so frequently seen working in the Corporation carts are the result of his judgment as purchaser of horses for the municipality. In the management of his large and important business Mr. Richards is ably assisted by his son, Mr. David Richards, a courteous and straightforward business man, possessing many excellent commercial qualities which he doubtless inherits from his respected father.

J. CAMERON HASTIE & CO., COVERERS OF STEAM BOILERS, PIPES, CYLINDERS, &C.,
13, ADELAIDE STREET, SWANSEA.

THE above firm owes its existence to the enterprise of the late Mr. Robert Hastie, who established himself in business in Swansea some seven years ago under the style of Hastie & Co. He created a valuable connection, which he successfully carried on until his decease, which occurred in the early part of 1892. Since that event the responsibilities of the business have been admirably discharged by his son, Mr. J. Cameron Hastie, who trades under the above style and title. The premises of the firm comprise a convenient office, together with workshops running through from Adelaide Street to Victoria Road, furnished with all the requisites necessary for the manufacture of the “Silicate Cotton Sheets,” &c. The registered telegraphic address of the firm is, “Hastie, Swansea.” Their principal business consists in the covering of steam boilers, pipes, cylinders, &c. It is in this connection that it becomes important to state that they are the sole district licencees for Messrs. Frederick Jones & Co.’s genuine British-made “Silicate Cotton,” or “Slag Wool,” and “Silicate Cotton Cement,” which claims to be the best-known non-conductor of heat, cold, and sound. This substance is used for covering boilers, steam pipes, exhaust pipes, cylinders, combustion pipes of gas-engines, cold- water pipes, tanks, and cisterns; for backing fire-grates and lining refrigerators, ice-houses, brewery cellars, and wine rooms, bulkheads, and underneath ships’ decks, and for pugging floors and lining walls in buildings. It can be applied woven with yarn or wire, into sheets, felted in conjunction with wire-netting. These sheets are a speciality of the firm; they are removable, and have many other advantages over other forms of covering. It can also be applied in the loose or natural form by simply packing it underneath sheet iron, zinc, wooden lagging, &c., or in the form of a cement, mixed with infusoria or fossil meal, in the same

Messrs. J. Cameron Hastie are also the sole agents, either for Wales or for the Swansea district, for several other specialities of constant use in the industrial business of the Principality. Amongst the firms which they thus represent are Messrs. Webster & Co., of the Patent Ropery, Sunderland; Mr. W. J. Robinson, of Bristol, who is a well-known importer of engine-oils, &c.; Messrs. Wallace, Cruikshank & Co., of the Carron Bank Foundry, Denny, N.B., whose castings in crucible steel and cast iron, together with other requisites for collieries, are highly appreciated in the markets; Messrs. George Argus & Co., Limited, of St. John’s Leather Works, Newcastle-on-Tyne, &c. Messrs. Hastie & Co. are also dealers in Eadie’s improved flange tubing, whose special D joint is so well known and widely used; Dodd's horse and cattle condiments, Bryant’s Indian Fluid, Morgan’s Boiler Fluid, and they likewise control a large business in new and second-hand engines, boilers, machinery tanks, &c. Mr. J. Cameron Hastie is throwing much energy and enthusiasm into the business, and the hereditary perfervidum ingenium Scotorum is once more, in his person, asserting itself in South Wales.

E. J. BRISTOW, FEATHER DYER AND FRENCH CLEANER,
6, WATERLOO STREET, SWANSEA (ESTABLISHED 1863).

SWANSEA is to be congratulated upon possessing an establishment where the operations of feather dyeing and French cleaning are performed under the best possible conditions. With Mrs. Bristow’s completely adequate resources at hand, there is no need to send to long distances, thereby incurring great risks, to secure results which can be better and less expensively accomplished at home. The business which is now ably conducted by Mrs. Bristow has been established thirty years. The premises comprise a well-appointed office, centrally situated. To the rear are the industrial departments, which are supplied with all the requisites for the due performance of the necessary processes. The business carried on at this establishment differs totally from that of ordinary dye-works, the staff being engaged entirely on the dyeing of feathers and delicate fabrics. The results are proportionately satisfactory, and the work done by Mrs. Bristow is highly appreciated, not only by the trade, but by many of the most distinguished families in the Swansea district. French cleaning of every possible description is equally well executed, the work being done by highly experienced hands. Mrs. Bristow has a very large connection, which is constantly expanding.

LEWIS EVANS, PRINTER, PUBLISHER, LITHOGRAPHER, &C.,
13, CASTLE STREET, SWANSEA.

THE above business was established, about eight years ago by the present proprietor in Oxford Street, and in consequence of the necessity for increased accommodation the more extensive and commodious premises now occupied were acquired some four years since. These have been specially fitted up in the most careful and complete manner with all the best and most improved machinery and appliances. During the last three or four years Mr. Evans has completed and has still in hand several large contracts for book printing, including hymn-books, commentaries, diaries, magazines, &c., for the Calvinistic Methodist denomination and others; he also undertakes all kinds of general printing and lithography, such as pamphlets, catalogues, posters, handbills, invoices, bill-heads, concert and ball programmes, menus, visiting cards, &c., &c. The manufacture of account-books, diaries, ledgers, memorandum-books, &c., is also extensively carried on. A very large and thoroughly representative stock is always on hand ready for immediate delivery. The trade is steadily growing, and with the superior facilities at command Mr. Evans is enabled to punctually execute all orders, and to compete on favourable terms with any firm in the trade. All the work is carried out in the very best style under the immediate supervision of the proprietor, who is well known and highly respected in Swansea as a courteous and enterprising man of business, and enjoys the confidence and support of a very extensive and valuable connection.

BEVAN & KENT, PLUMBERS AND GASFITTERS, ELECTRIC AND WIRE BELLHANGERS, SANITARY AND HOT-WATER ENGINEERS,
3, DILLWYN STREET, AND 166, ST. HELEN’S AVENUE, SWANSEA.

THIS firm are noted for the efficient manner in which they carry out every class of work intrusted to them, and the house enjoys a high and fast increasing reputation. Business operations were commenced in 1888 by the present proprietors, Mr. J. A. Bevan and Mr. W. J. Kent, who brought to bear upon their new venture the result of many years’ practical acquaintance with, and close study of, the trade. It should be stated that for over eight years both partners were in the employ of Mr. John Legg, the sanitary engineer, of Nelson Street. The premises occupied comprise stores and workshops, the whole being well fitted up with the necessary plant and apparatus. A number of skilled workpeople are kept constantly employed, and every branch of work is taken in hand in connection with the business the house is engaged in. The firm are very extensively occupied in sanitary plumbing, and as hot and cold water engineers and gasfitters. Their work in these departments is well recognised in Swansea and the district. The materials used are of the best quality, and all contracts are carried out on the most approved principles and under able and responsible supervision. Public buildings, conservatories, and private houses are fitted up with hot-water apparatus, also churches heated on the most approved principles, and baths are fixed to orders. A special department is made of electric and wire bellhanging; and colliery signals, burglary and fire alarms are put up and maintained. The show-rooms and warehouses contain a large and well-selected supply of gasfittings, including many new patterns and designs, the latest and most improved sanitary appliances, lavatory and water closets, baths, urinals, &c. The house maintains an influential connection among the local gentry, medical practitioners, and others, and possesses every facility for executing orders with promptness. The partners are thoroughly practical men, who give the business the benefit of their personal supervision in every department, and the success they have achieved is both substantial and well deserved.

WILLIAM BRIGHT & SON, ENGLISH AND FOREIGN FRUITERERS,
55, WIND STREET, SWANSEA.

THIS popular commercial enterprise was founded in 1865 by Mr. William Bright, who subsequently admitted his son into partnership, when the present title was assumed. The premises are large, appropriate, and well situated. The shop has a large Window, in which a thoroughly attractive display is made, especially in the fruit season. The whole of the spacious interior is laid out in a very suitable manner. The stocks are constantly being renewed. Here will be found a great variety of the choicest English and foreign fruits according to season, there being many delicious table delicacies, cooking and preserving fruits, &c. These are all retailed at close market prices, excellent value being given in every case. The partners have a thorough knowledge of all the various branches of the trade, taking the personal superintendence of all the operations. Several competent hands are employed, and customers are served with commendable promptitude. Messrs. Bright & Son, through their courteous and straightforward dealing, have won the hearty respect of a large portion of the community by which they are surrounded.

F. AUSTIN & CO., DEALERS IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN BIRDS, BEASTS, AND REPTILES,
25, GOAT STREET, SWANSEA.

THIS is one of the very oldest concerns of the kind in the neighbourhood, having been founded over thirty years ago by the present sole proprietor, Mr. F. Austin, who trades under the above title. This enterprising and active gentleman has made his interesting calling his life study, and in all parts of the country is quoted as a reliable authority upon all matters pertaining to beasts, birds, and reptiles. The premises occupied lend much additional interest to the surroundings. Over the door there is to be seen a tablet bearing this inscription:- Date, 18th October, 1679, and setting forth that this is the house in which the famous Richard Nash first saw the light. This was the renowned Beau Nash, who became the leader of fashion both in Bath and in London. The spacious interior is also fully occupied with stock, and there is a good show-room on the first floor. Mr. Austin has no room for rubbish, his stock being of high quality, many first-class prize-winners having been obtained from him. Among the more notable specimens are all kinds of British and foreign birds (song or otherwise), many of the foreign specimens being of the most brilliant plumage. There are also fancy rabbits, guinea-pigs, rats, mice, dogs, cats, &c., &c. A good display is made of all kinds of cages. The connection extends all over South Wales, among fanciers, private collectors, and others. Mr. Austin has gained the thorough confident! of his clientele by his straightforward transactions, being held in high respect and esteem.

THE ANGEL COMMERCIAL HOTEL (MR. R. E. JONES, PROPRIETOR),
HIGH STREET, SWANSEA.

This fine hotel, founded in 1889 by its present proprietor, Mr. R. E. Jones, has become one of the most esteemed hostelries in Swansea, and has also gained a great reputation for its high-class cafe and restaurant, which are conducted upon the best modern lines. The establishment is at the corner of the Arcade in High Street, and about a minute’s walk from the Great Western Railway station. The premises form a very handsome and commodious block, with two entrances and several large plate-glass windows, fitted with handsomely decorated window screens in ground glass and polished mahogany. The interior of the establishment is elegantly and tastefully appointed, the restaurant, with its fine buffet, excellent general furnishings, and beautifully ornamented ceiling, being particularly attractive. Here luncheons and dinners are served in the best style at all hours of the day, and the menu includes the choicest viands in season. On the first floor of the premises is the coffee-room, and this floor also contains the commercial-room, a handsome and well-furnished room, admirably lighted, and well adapted to the requirements of commercial-travellers. Large alterations have been recently completed, and there is now a new feature in the shape of a fine large billiard-room lighted by electricity. There are also stock-rooms.

The Angel Hotel contains twenty bedrooms, all of which are furnished in the most complete style. The sanitary arrangements of the house are excellent throughout, and everything calculated to contribute to the comfort and convenience of visitors is brought into requisition. It is intended in 1894 to erect a splendid new block with elegant entrance to the hotel. This addition will treble the accommodation at the Angel. The tariff is extremely moderate. Mr. Jones is a most popular host, possessing the happy faculty of making his guests feel thoroughly at home, and both himself and his well-conducted house stand high in the estimation of a large and valuable clientele.

Equally successful has Mr. Jones been in his proprietorship of the Washington Hotel, St. Mary’s Street, Cardiff, a fine establishment with one hundred beds, six billiard-tables, and an excellent restaurant. This latter house is conducted with great ability and enterprise by Mr. Jones, who has made it as popular as “The Angel” at Swansea. He also has flourishing branch restaurants on another street: the Castle Cafe, Castle Street; the Midland Cafe, opposite Wind Street Theatre; and at the Mumbles, the Yacht Cafe, New Terminus, which receive a due share of patronage and are always carefully looked after by the energetic and experienced proprietor. Both the “ Angel” and the “Washington” are justly regarded as being amongst the best-managed and most comfortable hotels in South Wales.

MRS. EVANS, MINERAL WATER MANUFACTURER,
GORSE LANE, SWANSEA.

THE increasing demand for beverages of a non-intoxicating character has in no district been more marked than in Swansea, where the steady spread of temperance principles has been the primary cause of the extensive development of the mineral water trade within the past few years. In connection with this important industry we have pleasure in directing the attention of our readers to the well-known business originally established some eleven years ago by Mrs. A. Evans. The premises in Gorse Lane comprise spacious three-storey manufactory, replete with improved modern machinery and appliances for perfecting the various processes. A plentiful supply of pure water is obtained from natural sources, and the various ingredients used in the works are of guaranteed excellence. Mrs. Evans's specialities include lemonade, soda and potass water, ginger ale and hop bitters, and other mineral and aerated waters in demand in the district. A widespread and valuable connection has long been established by the proprietress and her respected predecessor in the trade, Mrs. Evans enjoying the substantial support of many of the leading clubs, hotels, restaurants, and innkeepers in the town and neighbourhood, who are daily waited upon for orders by a staff of civil and attentive van-men employed for this purpose. The business is admirably managed, under the personal supervision of the lady principal, who has had considerable practical experience in working the several departments of the concern, and ably sustains the high reputation of the establishment for the uniform standard of its productions, which in perfect purity, flavour, and wholesome qualities are unsurpassed by those of any other local maker.

THOMAS RANDLES, BOOT AND SHOE MAKER,
15, CASTLE STREET, SWANSEA.

MR. RANDLES commenced business some forty-three years ago, and throughout this long business career he has uninterruptedly controlled and supervised his establishment. The premises occupied are exceptionally handsome and attractive. Possessed of a pleasing double frontage and spacious interior, facilities for the display of stock are manifold. On either side of the shop are counters, and at the immediate rear is a very superiorly equipped fitting-on department. A very high-class business is conducted: consequently the stock carried is of the most fashionable and stylish character. Everything in the way of boots and shoes, whether for ladies or gentlemen, both in English and French manufacture, is held in stock. Riding, shooting, tourist, cricket, football, tennis, and walking boots and shoes of all kinds, and suitable for every purpose, may be procured at this establishment of a quality and at a price which commend them to all.

A special department is the bespoke trade. Mr. Randles has long enjoyed the patronage of an influential section of the community in this connection, and his reputation stands high in the trade. He makes from special lasts for each customer, and guarantees both material and fit. In boots for hunting and shooting purposes he is most favourably known to a wide area. He is also agent for the “Bective,” “Adapted,” Dr. Jaeger’s and Scafe’s patent rubber boot, and other well-known styles of manufacture in boots and shoes. Mr. Randles is the sole agent also for the Golphore boot, which is highly suitable for shooting, golfing, and as a general rough weather boot, it is warranted to keep the feet and legs dry; no separate attachment, such as leggings or gaiters is required. It can be regulated to fit any size leg, and is ready at a moment’s notice for fine weather or foul. The boots afford special freedom to the ankles, are light in weight, and are specially adapted for country and general wear. The manufacturing, and a large repairing trade as well, are severally carried out on the premises by experienced and reliable workmen. Mr. Randles personally manages his business. He controls a splendid trade among the upper and middle classes of the town and districts, and by his numerous patrons, as well as by all who have the pleasure of his acquaintance, he is held in high esteem for his many excellent qualities.

JOHN W. MILES & CO., CARRIAGE BUILDERS,
208, HIGH STREET, SWANSEA.

A RECENT but very important addition to the carriage-building industry of Swansea has been made by the establishment of the admirably conducted business of Messrs. John W. Miles & Co., who have in the space of three years attained a reputation second to that of none in the trade in this district. The premises of the firm are well adapted to the large trade in operation. Abutting the street is a spacious and admirably lighted show-room, containing many excellent specimens of the finished work of the firm. Carriage lamps, harness, whips, and fittings of the newest designs and best workmanship are also well represented in the show-room. The works, which are at the rear, embrace a smiths’ shop, equipped with two forges, and various appliances, including improved drills and tire-bending machines. There are also well-fitted carriage-building shops. The timber store is especially noteworthy, on account of the large stock which the firm has laid in, so that all timber may be thoroughly seasoned. The body-building shop is, naturally, the most extensive department, and here may be seen vehicles of all descriptions, being built according to special designs. There is also a well-fitted upholstering department, and a dust-proof shop for painting and varnishing. Messrs. Miles & Co. manufacture every description of vehicles from the lightest dogcart to the most ponderous drag or four-in-hand. The most important speciality, however, is the “medical car,” of which the firm are the inventors and sole manufacturers. This car is certainly the most convenient ever offered to gentlemen of the medical profession. It is easy of ingress and egress, has a movable head which opens and closes at the pleasure of the occupant, is tastefully upholstered, and is fitted with an additional seat, which may be raised or let down as required, and is mounted on cee-springs, with patent wheels and axles. Estimates and designs for all descriptions of vehicles are submitted upon application, and it will be found that the firm are in a position to quote as favourably as any firm in South Wales.

JENKINS & CO., WHOLESALE AND MANUFACTURING IRONMONGERS, PLUMBERS, GASFITTERS, &C.,
89, OXFORD STREET, AND 9 AND 10, PARK STREET, SWANSEA.

THIS energetically conducted and flourishing business was originally founded about thirty-five years ago by Mr. Andrews, who, during the eleven years of his proprietorship, created a valuable connection. Mr. Andrews was followed by Mr. Sandbrook, who about three years ago was succeeded by Mr. Jenkins, trading under the existing style of the firm. The premises occupied by the firm are very extensive, and comprise a fine double-fronted shop in Oxford Street, occupying a commanding position at the junction of Oxford Street and Park Street, into which latter thoroughfare the buildings extend to about sixty yards in depth, with entrances at 9 and 10, Park Street. The interior is admirably appointed, and as the floors above the shop are utilised as show-rooms, there is ample space for the systematic arrangement of the large and varied stocks which the firm always hold of every description of general furnishing and builders’ ironmongery. The firm make a speciality of their cutlery and electro-plated goods, and they have at all times a practically unlimited selection of lamps for the choice of their customers. They are justly noted, too, for the promptitude with which they introduce every description of approved novelties in tools as soon as they are put on the market. The important and intimate relations which Messrs. Jenkins & Co. maintain with many of the leading firms of manufacturers enable them to offer their customers goods of high intrinsic value at exceptionally low prices. The industrial departments are at the rear. They are supplied with an excellent forge, and all the requisite labour-saving mechanical appliances of the latest description for the various industrial processes. The advantages of the material economies thus effected are fully shared by the patrons of the house in the form of greatly reduced prices. A staff of some twenty efficient workmen, many of whom are highly-skilled experts in their several departments, are regularly employed in electrical work, bellhanging, gasfitting, and plumbing. Mr. Jenkins is well known throughout the district, and is held in high esteem for his high commercial principles, which manifest themselves in all his business transactions.

POWLESLAND & MASON, DELIVERY, FORWARDING, AND SHIPPING AGENTS, FURNITURE REMOVAL AND GENERAL CONTRACTORS,
SWANSEA.

THE remarkably rapid expansion which, during the last three decades, has taken place in the importance of the staple trades of Glamorganshire has, necessarily, given an enormous impetus to the demand, in Swansea, for increased facilities for the delivery, forwarding, and shipping of goods of all kinds. The notable increase in the population of the borough, too, has created a greatly augmented demand for facilities for the removal of household furniture, and its safe storage on the pantechnicon system. Since 1863 most valuable services have been rendered to the community, in all these different departments, by the energetic and judiciously enterprising firm of Messrs. Powlesland & Mason. This admirably conducted business was established in 1863 by the late Mr. R. B. Powlesland, who in 1875 was joined in partnership by Mr. A. Mason, who had previously gained a most extensive and valuable knowledge of the carrying trade, during a lengthened period throughout which he had been in the service of the Great Western Railway Company. Mr. Powlesland, after a most successful and honourable commercial career, died about eight years ago, and the business has since been conducted by Mr. Mason as sole proprietor and general manager.

The premises which serve as the headquarters of the firm are very extensive, and comprise large warehouses and stables, conveniently situated in Clarence Terrace. Like all the other arrangements of the firm the equipment of the stables gives evidence in its completeness of the wise expenditure of capital which has been made in order to secure the perfection of prompt and economic service. The stable department includes a substantial two-storeyed building, with thirty-six stalls and a spacious loose-box. The haylofts, corn-room, and chopping-room have been specially adapted to the storage of fodder under the best conditions, and the chopping cutter is driven by a powerful gas-engine of recent construction. The fodder is lowered by shafts, and every other requisite is provided for economising labour. These appliances include, in the yard, a weighbridge, with all the modern improvements, by Pooley. There is ample warehouse accommodation for the storage of furniture, merchandise, and property of all kinds, the charge of which is undertaken by the firm, at moderate rates, and under the best possible conditions; while large sheds have been erected for the protection of mammoth furniture vans and carts of all descriptions. Thirty-five horses, which are always kept in the best condition, are regularly employed in the various operations of the firm, which include contracts for forwarding goods to all parts of the world, while the staff of workmen regularly engaged ranges from a hundred to a hundred and fifty, frequently exceeding the latter number. The magnitude of the firm’s operations is considerably augmented by the work which they perform as local agents for the Great Western Railway Company.

Mr. Mason, like many other busy men of exceptionally high administrative ability, has, in the midst of his responsibilities, found a large amount of leisure to devote to the service of the public. He was in 1882 elected a member of the Town Council, and, during the subsequent seven years rendered such notable assistance in the conduct of public affairs that in 1889 he was created an alderman of the borough, and in 1892 he deservedly attained the supreme municipal dignity of Mayor of Swansea. He is also a Proprietary Harbour Trustee. Both in his official and his commercial capacity Alderman Mason enjoys the respect of every class of his fellow-townsmen.

“THE CAMBRIAN” NEWSPAPER COMPANY, LIMITED,
57 AND 58, WIND STREET, SWANSEA.
Mr. S. C. Gamwell, Managing Director.

A VERY conspicuous instance of well-earned journalistic success is presented to our notice by that well-known and influential newspaper, The Cambrian, which dates its history from the year 1804, and which can claim the distinction of having been the first newspaper ever published in the Principality. The Cambrian has enjoyed a career of uninterrupted progress and prosperity, and has wielded its influence with justice, courage, and a right appreciation of the best interests of the county and the country generally, all of which has sufficed to gain for it a wide circulation, and to secure in a marked degree the approval and confidence of the public. In January, 1891, the business was taken over by the present Company, with Mr. S. C. Gamwell as managing director and editor, that gentleman having been many years previously one of the proprietors' under the firm of H. W. Williams & Co. Little can now be said of “The Cambrian” that is not already pretty generally known, and not even its political opponents can say anything of it that is not to its credit, as far as the true spirit of journalism is concerned. In politics “The Cambrian” is moderately Liberal. It is the county paper of Glamorganshire, and is unsurpassed for news, while it is locally supreme as an advertising: medium.

The price of the paper when it first started was 6d. unstamped, and 7d. stamped. It was afterwards reduced to 3d., and continued at that price for many years. About eighteen months ago the paper was considerably enlarged, and the price was further reduced to 2d., a concession to the views of present-day readers which has evidently been greatly appreciated. Not only in its special district of South Wales does “The Cambrian” circulate. It goes all over the Principality, and, indeed, to every part of the world where Welshmen have been scattered. Its post list for America, India, and all the British Colonies is a large one, and testifies to the fact that Welshmen in distant lands still like to see their old friend of former times, and to unpack its budget of news fresh, from the old homeland. “The Cambrian” devotes itself to carefully and conscientiously recording the proceedings of all local public bodies; hence the files of this journal, which are bound and preserved in the library of the Royal Institution of South Wales, are rightly regarded as the most complete and valuable history of the district during the past eighty or ninety years. The librarian of the Royal Institution declares that the successive volumes of “The Cambrian” are more consulted than any other work in the large national Welsh collection under his care.

The paper is still printed and published at the old convenient offices, No. 58, Wind Street, where, in addition to the several departments connected with the journal itself, the Company have a very large and prosperous jobbing office for the execution of all kinds of printing. The resources of this establishment are most complete, and it turns out some of the largest and finest poster and placard work produced in Wales and the West of England. A large assortment of the newest and most attractive types from the leading English, German, and American foundries has been laid in, and it is generally acknowledged that for fine-art and general printing in all its branches this Company leads the way in the district. Indeed, their work would be very difficult to excel anywhere, particularly the more, artistic kinds, and a large amount of distinguished patronage is consequently received. Madame Patti-Nicolini, when in residence at Craig-y-nos Castle, at the head of Swansea Valley, has all the beautiful programmes for the performances in her Bijou Theatre done at “The Cambrian” office, and the eminent prima donna has often congratulated the Company upon the excellent style of the work they turn out. In conjunction with the newspaper and jobbing departments “The Cambrian” Newspaper Company, Limited, do a very considerable trade in mercantile stationery.

Altogether, the business is a fully developed and admirably organised concern, reflecting credit no less upon the town than upon its own immediate proprietary; and there can be no doubt that its success and good repute will be fully maintained under the able administration of a Mr. Gamwell, who is a thoroughly practical man in every way, and has, moreover, been connected with “The Cambrian” for nearly twenty years. Both as managing director of the Company and as editor of the paper, Mr. Gamwell displays sound judgment, tact, and discernment; and in many ways he has proved himself to be eminently qualified for the important dual office he now fills in connection with this old-established and valuable journalistic property.

FOWLER & BRAY, TEA, COFFEE, AND SNGAR MERCHANTS,
7, OXFORD STREET, SWANSEA.

ALTHOUGH scarcely a decade has elapsed since the inauguration of this business, the house already occupies a position of prominence among the principal trading concerns of Swansea, by reason of the high excellence and moderate prices of all its supplies. Messrs. Henry Fowler and Frederick J. Bray are well known as practical experts in connection with the important branch of business to which their attention is now so vigorously and successfully directed, Mr. Henry Fowler devoting his attention more particularly to the London wholesale branch. Whilst holding in stock enormous supplies of the finest coffees and sugars, it is as tea merchants and blenders that the firm have won their high reputation, their intimate acquaintance with the leading markets and sources of supply enabling them to secure the pick of each season’s crops at advantageous terms, and to blend these to suit the various tastes of their customers, and sell at moderate rates. The premises occupied comprise a spacious well-appointed shop, fitted throughout in the best modern style, with an office on the first floor, and ample accommodation for blending, packing, and storing. The various blends of teas are carefully packed in cardboard drums lined with parchment, so as to remain practically air-tight, and in this perfect condition vast quantities are distributed to retail dealers, by means of a staff of travellers; while a good counter and retail family trade is transacted throughout the town and its outlying districts for many miles around. The business in all its details is directed with the marked ability and enterprise that have been so strongly instrumental in establishing its position and assuring its substantial prosperity.

THE GILFACH COLLIERY COMPANY, LIMITED, PROPRIETORS AND SHIPPERS OF THE FINEST ANTHRACITE COAL,
8, CAMBRIAN PLACE, SWANSEA.
MANAGING DIRECTOR, MR. ALFRED C. JONAS.

AN IMMENSE trade is controlled in Swansea in coal, numerous extensive firms finding occupation in exporting the superior quality of this article for which, the district is celebrated. Among these mention should be made of the Gilfach Colliery Company, Limited, of which Alfred C. Jonas, F.R. His. S., is the managing owner. Mr. Jonas has been connected with the coal trade for very many years, during which time he has had years of close connection with Anthracite, from its production to its sale, and has always held a prominent and respected position in this the leading branch of local commerce, and has been a long time regarded as one of its most important and reliable representatives. The present premises have been occupied about two years, and consist of a well-appointed suite of offices on the first floor of 8 Cambrian Place. They are well arranged, with every requisite for the control of the business on hand. The collieries are worked on the latest and most scientific principles. The out-put is a very fair one for Anthracite, and a splendid trade is being done to almost every part of the world. The quality of the produce is exceptionally fine, and for special purposes cannot be surpassed in the whole of the Welsh coalfield. An analysis shows that this Company’s celebrated best hand-picked and selected Anthracite coal contains 92.44 per cent, of carbon, whilst its sulphur and ash are represented by 0.49 and 1.08 per cent, respectively. It is largely in demand for malting, hop drying, brewing, and lime burning and household purposes. The Company supply various classes of coals, and the special nuts for Continental and home uses stand Al as to quality. They are prepared to fill export orders of any magnitude consistent with that class of product with promptitude and at the lowest list prices. Mr. Jonas is among those patronised by the Admiralty, and enjoys one of the most valuable connections in the trade. He is thoroughly conversant with every branch of the business. By his straightforward methods he commands the renewed support of all who come into business connection with him, and no man works harder to retain or better deserve prosperity.
The telegraphic address of the house is “Jonas, Swansea,” and all communications receive immediate attention.

WILLIAMS & CO., COAL EXPORTERS AND PITWOOD IMPORTERS,
28, EXCHANGE BUILDINGS, SWANSEA.

THIS important business was established by the present head of the firm, Mr. John Williams, in 1880, and was then located in Gloucester Place, in partnership with Mr. Davies, from whence it was removed in 1885 to the more central position now occupied. The accommodation comprises well-furnished suite of clerks’ and principals’ offices, affording every convenience for the operations of the business. The leading features of the firm’s business include several important agencies, amongst which may be mentioned those for the sale of the extra best Stanllyd big-vein hand-picked malting coals, best lime burning coal, best smokeless steam coal, and best bituminous house coal. These qualities of coal are in steady demand in the principal markets of the Kingdom, and are largely exported by the company to the leading Continental ports. Messrs. Williams & Co. are also extensively engaged in the importation of pitwood, mainly obtained from France, and supplied in large quantities by the firm to many of the collieries in the South Wales coalfield. The business in each department is of considerable magnitude and importance, Messrs. Williams having established a widespread connection in the trade, and by unremitting attention to the requirements of their clients have secured a substantial and well-merited measure of commercial success.
The registered telegraphic address of the firm is, “Williams Company, Swansea,” all communications reaching them through this medium receiving the promptest attention and consideration.

D. W. JOHNS, TIMBER AND SLATE MERCHANT,
OFFICE AND BRICK-YARD, BROAD QUAY, SWANSEA; AND AT THE BEAUFORT TIMBER YARD, SOUTH DOCKS.

ESTABLISHED in 1852 by Mr. D. W. Johns, the concern soon gained a good position among local firms, and grew at a rapid rate upon the most substantial basis. The business was acquired by the present proprietors in 1835, the co-partners being Mr. D. W. Johns and Mr. J. R. Johns. The premises at Broad Quay are large and commodious, and are used for the storage of bricks, tiles, cement, and all kinds of fireclay goods. The Beaufort yard covers rather more than half an acre in extent, and is conveniently located as the South Docks, possessing every facility for receiving or forwarding goods by water or rail. The stocks held are of immense bulk, consisting mainly of every description of British and foreign timber. There are well-appointed offices at both places, and telephonic communication is maintained between them, the number being 37. A numerous and competent staff of clerks is employed, and a valuable and fast-increasing business is controlled. The timber held by the firm is always of the best growth, and is duly seasoned before being sent out. Large consignments are received from Canada and the Baltic ports, and the facilities generally are of an unequalled character for doing an extensive and valuable business. Ample stocks, too, are held of bricks, slates from all the best-known Welsh quarries, tiles, sewage pipes, chimney-pieces, firebricks, &c., &c. A branch house has been established at Combmartin, North Devon, where ample supplies are held, and where a very important business has been developed. The connection extends throughout the whole of South Wales and to many English counties, and is of a substantial and valuable kind. The partners are thoroughly conversant with the different branches of their business, and the concern, in its entirety, receives the benefit of their long experience and wide knowledge. Both as business men and private citizens they are held in the highest esteem in and round Swansea, and the success they have achieved is a fitting reward for their industry, enterprise, and ability.

F. E. NICHOLLS, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL FAMILY BAKER,
19, WATERLOO STREET, SWANSEA.

THIS business was established over thirty years ago by Mr. Edmund Nicholls, the father of the present proprietor, who retired about six years since, when Mr. F. Nicholls took it over. The premises occupy an excellent position in Waterlow Street, and comprise a spacious and handsomely appointed shop, together with extensive warehouse accommodation, a large and well-equipped bakery, and every facility for the successful working of the business. To meet the extensive requirements of the trade, Mr. Nicholls has always on hand a liberal supply of plain and fancy bread, flour and meal of the best American and English brands, the specialities of the leading manufacturers of comestibles. Mr. Nicholls is a very extensive and judicious buyer in the best markets, and with the large stock always on hand, and the superior facilities at command, he is enabled to punctually execute all orders, and to give his customers exceptional advantages. The trade, which is both wholesale and retail, is of a widespread and steadily-growing character, a brisk business being done in every department. Mr. F. E. Nicholls is well known and highly respected as a courteous and enterprising man of business, and spares no effort to maintain and extend the high reputation the establishment has so long enjoyed.

W. JOINT, PRACTICAL TAILOR,
19, ST. HELEN’S ROAD, SWANSEA.

THIS superior business has held a prominent position in Swansea and the surrounding districts for the past twenty years. The present handsome and commodious premises have been occupied since 1884. The shop has an imposing-looking double front, with a tastefully fitted interior. Included in the stock are many of the newest patterns and colours in West of Englands, English and Scotch tweeds, fancy and plain worsteds, meltons, superfines, overcoatings, &c. As a thorbughly practical and artistic tailor, Mr. Joint is in the possession of a well-earned reputation. During his lengthy career he has been regularly patronised by many of the principal residents, to whom he has invariably afforded entire satisfaction. An accomplished cutter, he employs the most approved system by which a perfect fit is assured. In the spacious work-rooms, which are at the rear of the premises, every requisite appliance is provided, while a staff of competent and trustworthy hands find constant employment under the able direction of the proprietor. Mr. Joint possesses every facility for giving prompt attention to urgent orders. He constantly receives the latest fashion plates, and is quite up to date in any class of garment. All kinds of repairs and alterations are neatly and quickly executed. The business is worthy of its high standing, and is conducted on solid and straightforward principles. Mr. Joint is included among the most respected of the tradesmen of Swansea, and is well known in private circles.

LEWIS & CO.,
8, COLLEGE STREET, SWANSEA.

AMONG the numerous superior grocery and provision stores in Swansea, the one under notice has held a leading position for many years, the proprietors displaying that knowledge of the trade that can only be acquired by long experience. The premises occupied well meet the requirements of the calling pursued. The trade is a steady-going one, having attached to it a thoroughly superior and far-reaching connection. The windows are always tastefully stocked with a representative selection of goods, the establishment altogether bearing a well-cared-for and prosperous appearance. In the grocery department there is everything necessary to meet the requirements of a good family trade. The quality throughout is excellent; the goods bearing the names of renowned manufacturers. The establishment is noted for superiority in all branches, coupled with economy. Several competent assistants promptly attend to customers, the proprietor taking personal supervision.

DAVID WILLIAMS & SON, SADDLERS AND HARNESS-MAKERS,
152, HIGH STREET, SWANSEA.

THIS business was established some five years ago by Mr. David Williams in the premises now occupied, which comprise a spacious and well-appointed shop with large and well-equipped workshops at the rear. In the shop and warehouse Messrs. Williams & Son hold a very large and comprehensive stock of single and double harness, cart and agricultural harness, riding and hunting saddles, ladies’ side-saddles, bits, bridles, stirrups, girths and horse clothing, hunting, riding, and driving whips, brushes, sponges, and all stable requisites. With obvious exceptions the bulk of the stock is manufactured on the premises, a large staff of skilled and experienced hands being regularly employed. Messrs. Williams & Son have always aimed at the attainment and maintenance of a high standard of excellence as a characteristic of all their work. Repairs receive prompt attention and are executed on moderate terms and with the least possible delay. Messrs. David Williams & Son have a very extensive and steadily increasing connection. They are well known as courteous and enterprising men of business, assiduous in their endeavours to give every satisfaction to their numerous patrons.

T. GRIFFITHS & CO., GENERAL GROCERS, PROVISION AND FLOUR MERCHANTS,
FABIAN STREET, SWANSEA.

THIS business, known as the East Side Supply Stores, is the most important of the kind in the neighbourhood in which it is situate. The stores comprise a conspicuous and imposing-looking corner block, having windows facing into Fabian Street and Sebastopol Street. The building is of three floors, part being used for domestic purposes. The shop front is an excellent piece of workmanship. One window is devoted to the display of various kinds of groceries and provisions, the other exclusively to bread, and all kinds of confectionery. At the rear is a fine warehouse, chiefly used for reserve stock and heavy goods. There is also an excellent bakehouse, fitted with all the latest and most approved contrivances and ovens. The stock is of a thoroughly representative character, comprising as it does every description of groceries and provisions. The firm sell the primest provisions at remarkably low prices. Their knowledge of the markets and always paying prompt cash enables them to purchase most advantageously. They make a splendid show of tinned and bottled goods, jams, sauces, &c. Agencies are held for many renowned packet teas, notably Liquor, Mazawattee, Silverbrook, Tower, Dalu Kola and Khangani, besides which many choice blends are kept. The great speciality is the bakery department, and one with which the proprietors have worthily gained much renown. Their pure home-made bread, cakes, and buns are acknowledged to be without equal in the town. The services of several smart assistants are employed, customers being attended to with the most praiseworthy promptitude. The business is wholesale and retail, chiefly the latter, extending to all parts of the East Side. Mr. Griffiths, a genial and conscientious manager, is highly esteemed by all who are brought into contact with him.

A. ROSSER & SON, WHOLESALE SPRING MATTRESS, BEDDING AND PALLIASSE MANUFACTURER,
WORCESTER PLACE, SWANSEA.

AN IMPORTANT branch of productive industry is represented in Swansea by this old-established business, which is one of the oldest of its kind in the district, having been originally founded in 1860 by the above-named gentleman. The premises in Worcester Place comprise commodious and conveniently arranged manufactory, with spacious show-rooms on the ground floor, in which may be inspected a large stock of finished goods, the upper portion being used for the work in connection with the production of the goods for which the house is noted. These include spring, hair, wool, and flock mattresses, palliasses, feather, wool, and flock beds, in the manufacture of which only the best and purest materials are employed and superior workmanship guaranteed, thus ensuring a uniform standard of good quality and value in every article supplied. An extensive and well-established wholesale trade is controlled by Mr. Rosser, who numbers on his books the names of many of the leading furnishing houses in Swansea and the neighbouring districts. A staff of hands is employed in the manufactory, under the personal supervision of the principal, whose thoroughly practical experience of every branch of the trade ensures the efficiency and completeness of every detail of the management of this deservedly successful and prosperous concern.

WILKES & CO., ENGRAVERS AND STEAM LITHOGRAPHERS,
10, CAER STREET, SWANSEA.

A VERY important and interesting branch of artistic industry is well represented in Swansea at the extensive establishment of Messrs. Wilkes & Co., formerly Mr. C. H. Rott, who has recently been joined by his sons, the firm taking this new title. The business was established in 1863 by Mr. H. Rott, in Oxford Street. This gentleman was succeeded by Mr. C. H. Rott, in 1879, and in 1886 he removed to the more extensive and commodious premises now occupied. These comprise a spacious and well-appointed show-room, with large and well-equipped workshops at the rear. The several departments are replete with machinery and appliances embodying all the latest improvements. The firm undertake all kinds of plain and ornamental engraving, lithographing, copperplate and general printing, invoices, account and note heads, cheques, receipts, ball and concert programmes, business and address cards, crests, monograms, and initials. Door and window plates are also made and engraved, and steel dies and stamps. Mr. Rott, the manager, is personally well skilled in every branch of the business. He has an excellent old-established connection in Swansea and the district, and with the superior facilities at command he is enabled to punctually execute all orders, and to satisfactorily meet the demands of the trade and his numerous private patrons.

A. J. CHAPPELL, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL FISH, GAME, AND POULTRY MERCHANT,
53, WIND STREET, SWANSEA. BRANCH: GLOUCESTER HOUSE, MUMBLES.

MR. CHAPPELL commenced business some twenty-one years since in a comparatively small way in Caer Street, but for the past sixteen years he has been located at the present address. The premises here comprise a spacious and handsome shop, fitted with marble slab counters and other appropriate appointments. To the rear of this is a well- fitted-up oyster saloon, liberally patronised in the season. Oysters are a leading speciality with Mr. Chappell. He has also a constant supply of fresh and salt water fish, and all kinds of English and foreign game in season. In the selection of his stock Mr. Chappell exercises that great care and sound judgment which come of mature experience. He buys in very large quantities direct from the sources of supply, and is thus enabled to give his customers exceptional advantages, both in quality and price. The trade, which is both wholesale and retail, is of a widespread, influential, and steadily growing character, and in addition to supplying the principal hotels, clubs, and restaurants, Mr. Chappell has a very extensive and high-class family connection. Country orders receive prompt attention. Families are waited upon, and no effort is spared to meet the convenience of customers in the punctual execution of orders. Mr. Chappell has a branch establishment, on similar lines, at Gloucester House, Mumbles. He is a well-known and highly respected tradesman, and indefatigable in his efforts to give satisfaction to his numerous patrons. Telephone No. 138.

D. G. PHILLIPS, UNDERTAKER AND COMPLETE FUNERAL FURNISHER,
33, WELLINGTON STREET, SWANSEA.

FOR over half a century the firm of which Mr. D. G. Phillips is now the principal have held an honourable position amongst the Swansea community, as undertakers and funeral furnishers. It is natural, therefore, that, having gained the unreserved confidence of large numbers of all classes of the population, their business should have grown to the great proportions which it has now assumed. It was originally established by the late Mr. W. Phillips, and in 1890 came into the hands of the present proprietor, Mr. D. G. Phillips, who has successfully maintained all the best traditions of the house, while at the same time he has exhibited an exceptional amount of intelligent enterprise in the introduction of improved methods in accordance with the modern movement in the direction of funeral reform. The premises comprise a commodious show-room with a most comprehensive stock of all funeral requisites. A speciality is made of artificial wreaths, in the construction of which a refined and artistic taste is manifested. Inasmuch as the firm have always devoted their whole attention to the conduct of funerals, and have not diverted their energies in the pursuit of other occupations with which the business of the undertaker is often associated, they have acquired a store of valuable experience which enables them on all occasions to conduct the ceremonies of interment with due respect to the memory of the deceased, and delicate regard for the feelings of the survivors. The appliances at the command of the firm are so complete as to enable them to undertake the conduct of funerals, either in town or country, on a scale of charges which represents the highest degree of economy. Estimates are at all times furnished on application.

DAVID LEYSHON, CARPENTER, JOINER, CABINETMAKER, GENERAL REPAIRER, &C.
WORKSHOP AND YARD: WORCESTER PLACE, SWANSEA.

MR. LEYSHON originally commenced business at White Rock in 1886, and has recently removed to the more commodious premises he now occupies. The accommodation afforded comprises a spacious yard, well stocked with timber, deals, slates, bricks, tiles, and other building materials, together with large and Conveniently arranged workshop for the working departments of the trade. These include every description of carpenters’, joiners’, and cabinetmakers’ work, and all kinds of general builders’ repairs, which are executed in the promptest and most workmanlike style on the shortest notice. A new branch has just been undertaken by the principal, viz., making and repairing all kinds of wire and Venetian blinds, &c. A capital all-round business connection has been established by the proprietor in the various branches of the trade in which he is engaged, several first-class workmen being employed in the execution of orders, under the personal direction of the principal, whose thoroughly practical experience in every class of work affords a guarantee for the efficiency of every detail of the management of this deservedly successful concern.

CHARLES GROVE, GREENGROCER, FRUITERER, &C.,
NO. 1, PHILLIP’S PARADE, SWANSEA.

THIS business was established about fifteen years ago by Mr. Charles Grove, the present sole proprietor. The premises now occupied were acquired some five years ago. These are very extensive, the building being of two-storey elevation, and standing in a good corner position. The shop has two commodious windows, being approached by a wide entrance. The windows display a most tempting variety of English and foreign fruits, including the delicacies of each respective season. There are choice hothouse grapes, pineapple, and every description of fruit for the dessert-table, and for preserving and cooking purposes. Mr. Grove is a well-known and successful grower of tomatoes, showing magnificent specimens. There are all kinds of fresh, sound vegetables, large supplies being to hand daily. Very artistically arranged wreaths and fresh-cut flowers are on hand, or are made up tm order. There are also large quantities of new-laid eggs. The upper portion of the premises, as well as portions at the rear, are used for domestic purposes. Behind there is an extensive plot of nursery gardens, measuring some fifty-eight feet. The gardens contain seven excellent greenhouses, which keep the shop well supplied with early fruit. The celebrated Bideford earthenware can be obtained here in large quantities, and in almost every shape, this being well adapted for painting upon. The connection is of a valuable nature, and includes a large portion of the residents of the west-end of Swansea. Mr. Grove is a tradesman who has long catered conscientiously for the public, and has his reward in substantial support and the good opinion of his fellow-townsmen.

H. RUSSELL, FAMILY BUTCHER,
69, ST. HELEN’S ROAD, SWANSEA.

THIS business was commenced in the early part of the present year by the sole proprietor, Mr. H. Russell, who is to be heartily congratulated upon the pronounced success that has attended his well-directed efforts. Already his connection reaches very respectable proportions, and includes many of the gentry of the district. He has established an excellent reputation for supplying nothing of an inferior quality, all his purchases being confined to the very best markets. The premises are well situate, and have a most prepossessing appearance. The internal fittings and furnishings are very handsome, and are specially adapted to the purposes of the trade. There are several marble slabs, and whitewood fittings, presenting a cool and scrupulously clean appearance. At the rear and in the basement there are large rooms, provided with every appliance for making sausages, &c. Like the shop, these are remarkably clean. Scrupulous care is taken in selecting the choicest pork, the various processes being taken in hand by experienced men. These sausages have become deservedly popular in all parts of the town. Among other well-known delicacies are the prime pickled ox-tongues, corned beef, &c., and there are fresh daily supplies of all kinds of cooked meat, tripe, &c. The beef and mutton, it should be remarked, is of the highest quality, obtained from English and Welsh animals, purchased from well-known raisers. In season there is a splendid selection of lamb, veal, and pork. The services of several assistants are required, the business in every section being conducted with remarkable ability. Mr. Russell personally superintends the whole of the operations. With his supporters he is exceedingly popular.

W. WILLIAMS, JEWELLER, &C.,
29, CASTLE STREET, SWANSEA,

MR. W. WILLIAMS has for the past sixteen years conducted one of the largest businesses of its kind in the town. Eligibly located in the principal street of the place, the shop presents a very attractive appearance. Within, all the appointments are in the best modern style, and the stock, which is remarkable for its volume, variety, and artistic merit, is a collection of pretty things from the best English, Continental and American makers, suitable for engagement, wedding, and birthday presents, and for the decoration of the house and table. At the rear there is a well-equipped workshop, where electroplating in gold and silver is carried on, and all kinds of watches, clocks, and jewellery cleaned and repaired. A very important department of the business, also, is the exchange of all kinds of foreign money, which is brought to Swansea by seamen and others from all parts of the world.

ALAN FRAZIER, AUCTIONEER, VALUER, ACCOUNTANT, AND ESTATE AGENT, LIFE AND FIRE INSURANCE AGENT,
57, WIND STREET, SWANSEA.

A HIGHLY important branch of commercial activity is represented in this district by Mr. Alan Frazier, who has already secured a considerable share of substantial support in the various departments over which his operations extend. The several departments of the business comprise the sale by auction of all kinds of freehold and leasehold property, household furniture, pictures, wines, plate and other valuable effects, valuations for probate and other purposes, accountancy, auditing and periodical examinations of tradesmen’s books, estate agency and the collection of rents and debts, and all the general work connected with the management of properties, &c. Mr. Frazier is also local agent for the Scottish Widows' Life Insurance Company, the County Fire Insurance Company, the Sickness and Accident Insurance Company, and the National and Provincial Plate-glass Company. Although of only comparatively recent establishment, Mr. Frazier s business is being steadily developed with increasing success, and by his prompt and unremitting attention to all matters entrusted to him in his professional capacity this gentleman is making rapid headway in his practice amongst the more influential members of the commercial community in Swansea and the surrounding districts in this part of South Wales.

GEORGE MARQUISS, HOUSE PAINTER, DECORATOR, AND GLAZIER,
6, WALTER ROAD, SWANSEA.

THE modern decorative artist's comprehensive craft, which nowadays includes all manner of distempering, painting, paperhanging, plain and ornamental glazing, and kindred operations, finds admirable illustration and exemplification in Swansea at the hands of Mr. George Marquiss, who entered upon his present prosperous career in the year 1869, at 46, Oxford Street. He carried it on by himself till 1881, when his health gave way, and he took his brother into partnership, the firm then being known as G. & S. Marquiss. In 1889 Mr. Marquiss found it necessary to very considerably increase his working facilities, and accordingly entered upon the present more convenient and commodious premises, where his business expanded with such rapidity that he is even now carrying out extensive enlargements and alterations. The premises occupied comprise a spacious shop, handsomely appointed throughout in the best modern style, and very fully stocked with wallpapers of every class and grade, from the cheapest and plainest to the most costly and recherche designs, including fine flock papers, Japanese paper, Lincrusta Walton decorations, Anaglypta and the like, ornamental and plain glass for ordinary glaziers’ work, and for ecclesiastical and domestic windows, panels, &c., and a vast variety of paints, colours, varnishes, and decorative items and requisites of every kind. The neatly-appointed office and glass warehouse are located on the first floor, while the extensive and elaborately equipped workshops are at the rear, and call into active requisition the services of a very large staff of skilled and experienced hands. The business is in a splendid condition of progressive development, a state in which it is well sustained by the ability and sound judgment that mark Mr. Marquiss’s administration, and a first-class connection is consequently maintained, which takes effect amongst builders, architects, and private gentlemen throughout the busy borough and its populous districts for about eighty miles around.

THE UNIVERSAL BILL-POSTING AND ADVERTISING COMPANY,
28, UNION STREET, SWANSEA.

THE business of mural advertisement management has in Swansea been reduced to a system of scientific precision by the Universal Bill-posting and Advertising Company, under judicious and energetic management. For the existence of this most convenient organisation the community are indebted to the enterprise of the gentlemen who constitute the firm. The secretarial work is also admirably performed. The premises, which form the headquarters of the Company, are conveniently situated in the busy thoroughfare of Union Street (No. 28), and comprise a suite of well-appointed general and private offices, furnished with all the requisites for the speedy dispatch of the very considerable amount of clerical work necessitated by the numerous and often intricate transactions of the Company. It says much for the organising ability of the manager that all the business of the office goes on with perfect smoothness, and with thorough satisfaction to the Company’s numerous clients. This flourishing business was established in 1867, the original premises being situated in Fisher Street. The increase in the demands upon the resources of the Company necessitated a removal, which took place in 1885, to their present commodious headquarters. The principal business of the firm consists in the effective display of all sorts of mural advertisements. They publish, in a remarkably neat and handy form, a list of posting stations in the town and suburbs. Necessarily subject to changes at comparatively frequent periods, this list is always notably complete, and includes a very large number of hoardings of most varied dimensions in all the chief thoroughfares. Special terms are made for large contracts or long periods, and the terms of the Company will be found to be most liberal, having regard to the valuable character of the services which they perform. A large and useful experience has been gained by the directorate, in reference to all kinds of theatrical and entertainment posting. The Company also undertake the delivery of handbills, either from house to house, or in the streets. Business of all kinds in the district is much facilitated by the smart operations of this useful firm.

E. & J. GRIFFITHS, PRINTERS, BOOKSELLERS, AND STATIONERS,
11, HIGH STREET, SWANSEA.

THIS substantial business dates back in its foundation to 1832, when the concern was originally established by Mr. E. Griffiths, who was subsequently joined in partnership by the present sole proprietor, Mr. J. Griffiths, who still continues the trade under the title so long associated with its operations. The premises occupied by the firm in High Street comprise a commodious shop with good frontage and of great depth, extending to a distance of one hundred feet to the rear, and providing ample and convenient accommodation for the sale and working departments of the business. The interior is well appointed, and is heavily stocked with a wide range of goods in the several branches of the trade, including elegantly-bound works by standard authors, devotional, and other books; plain, fancy, commercial, and school stationery; fancy goods in leather, picture frames, and a great variety of useful and ornamental articles suitable for presents, &c. On the first floor a spacious show-room is also utilised for the display of general stock, and there are also store-rooms and warehouse for reserve stock, &c. Special terms are quoted to the clergy and ministers, equal to those given by the London and other houses. The printing department is fully equipped with every description of modern type and machinery, motive force for the latter being supplied by gas power, and here the firm undertakes every branch of the typographical art in the best style. The business in each department is of the most substantial and old-established character, a widespread and influential connection having been secured by the firm, embracing the leading commercial houses, schools, and private residents in the locality. The establishment is conducted with exceptional ability in each detail of its management, a numerous staff of assistants and workpeople being employed in their respective departments under the personal direction of the head of the firm, Mr. J. Griffiths, whose long practical experience and knowledge of the trade in every branch afford an ample guarantee for the highest efficiency in the organisation of this deservedly successful concern. Mr. J. Griffiths is widely known and esteemed in local circles, having for many years represented the ward in the Town Council, and, as a member of the Board of Guardians since 1875, has rendered efficient service in the interests of all classes of his fellow ratepayers in the borough.

J. PRICE JONES & CO., OIL AND GREASE MANUFACTURERS,
STRAND, SWANSEA.

JUDICIOUSLY profiting by the increased demand for lubricating substances which, during the last twenty years, has naturally followed the marvellous development of the staple industries of South Wales, Mr. Price Jones has recently established, under the above style, a thoroughly equipped manufactory for oil and grease. Two spacious railway arches in the Strand have been utilised for manufacturing and warehouse purposes, and every necessary appliance of the most approved modern type has been provided. Large stocks of oil, in a great variety of descriptions, each specially suitable for particular classes of industrial operations, are always held. Mr. Price Jones has successfully made a speciality of greases, which are used, for the most part, in the tin-plate manufactures of the district. Among several firms engaged in this industry Mr. Price Jones has already established a valuable connection, which is constantly expanding. The business is, for the most part, retail, and the proprietor has important commercial relations which extend not only throughout Swansea and Glamorganshire, but into certain districts of Carmarthenshire. Mr. Price Jones gives his careful personal attention to all the details of his business, and guarantees the quality of all the goods which he supplies.

JOHN PROSSER & CO., CORPORATION BRASSFOUNDRY,
SQUIRE’S PLACE, STRAND, SWANSEA.

THE above business was established in 1878 by Mr. John Prosser, and being a man of large experience and great practical skill, he soon succeeded in raising his house into a position of prominence among similar establishments. At the decease of the founder the business was taken over by his widow, who still carries it on under efficient management. Ample and well-arranged premises are occupied, consisting of offices, warehouses, foundry and casting sheds. A good number of skilled hands are employed, and a good system of control is enforced throughout the whole establishment. An extensive business is controlled in the manufacture of every description of brasswork for engineers, steam users, and waterworks. The work turned out is thoroughly good in every respect, and as such holds a high place in the estimation of the principal buyers and users. The material employed is of the best possible kind, and the articles manufactured are noted for their exactness and excellent finish. A speciality is made of brass castings for ships, and the utmost accuracy and despatch can be relied upon. Bearings of every description, slide valves, slide faces, valves, &c., are turned out in great quantities, and the house enjoys a well-deserved and special reputation for its hydraulic pumps, piston rods, plungers, pinions, bells, propellers for launches, &c. In addition to every description of brasswork, castings are made to order in phosphor bronze. By reliable work, prompt attention in the execution of all orders, and reasonable prices, a good connection has been secured, and is being maintained and increased. The manager is a man of sound experience and knowledge of his craft, and no effort is spared by him to keep up the status of the house. The firm is well known for its straightforward dealings, and the success it enjoys has been fairly and honourably won.

FRANK BIRKBECK & CO., IRON, TIN-PLATE, AND METAL MERCHANTS,
20, WIND STREET, SWANSEA.

THE metal trade of South Wales is one of paramount importance, and a well-known firm in Swansea so occupied is that named above. Operations were originally commenced by Mr. Frank Birkbeck some four years ago at Penclawdd. Mr. Birkbeck brought to bear upon the development of his new undertaking great practical knowledge acquired in a long and varied experience with every branch of the trade; and being a man of energy and much executive ability, he has succeeded in establishing a large connection which is every year growing in extent and value. The premises now occupied are centrally situated, and are handsomely fitted up throughout with everything necessary for the adequate control of a business of this description. Every kind of metal is handled, and the business is carried on upon the most approved basis. Being thoroughly conversant with the markets and buying always at the right time, he can supply anything in his line at the lowest current rates. Extensive stocks are held at Swansea Docks. They include iron and steel rails, hoop, bar, rod, and angle iron: tinplates of every well-known brand; iron, steel, and copper wire, &c., &c. An important feature is made of machinery, especially such as is used in the local mills, and Mr. Birkbeck is prepared to supply customers with any kind that may be required, as well as to purchase the same in any quantity. An exceedingly large business is controlled in the district and in various parts of the country. The London trade has increased so fast that a branch office has been opened for its better management. The proprietors of this noted house are men of wide experience and sterling business habits. They occupy a much respected position in the trade circles of the district, and every transaction in which they are concerned is carried out in an able and conscientious manner. The success they have achieved during their brief career is as substantial as it is well deserved.
The telegraphic address is “Castings, Swansea.”

J. T. DAVIES, TIN-PLATE AND METAL MERCHANT,
8, TEMPLE BUILDINGS, GOAT STREET, SWANSEA.

IT IS now some seven years or more since Mr. J. T. Davies established himself in Swansea. His business premises are situated in the busiest mercantile quarter of the town, and comprise a suite of well-appointed general and private offices, with an entrance in Caer Street. The offices are furnished with telephonic communication, and with all other modern devices for facilitating the prompt despatch of business. Mr. Davies is assisted by a staff of efficient clerks; but he devotes his personal and careful attention to all matters of importance in which the interests of his clients are involved. He undertakes all descriptions of metal brokering, and his substantial commercial relations have enabled him successfully to make a speciality of tin plates. His high reputation has also secured for him the special representation of several firms of the highest eminence in South Wales. Thus he is the agent for the Blaenavon Company, Limited, whose Bessemer tin bars are celebrated in all the metal markets of the world. He also represents Messrs. Berk & Co., of London, for whose sulphuric acid there is a large demand throughout the Swansea district. As the natural result of Mr. Davies’ exceptional energy and business aptitude, his connection is rapidly extending throughout the whole of South Wales. He is personally well known in the best commercial circles, and is highly esteemed by his large circle of clients.
The telephone number of his office is 112, and the registered telegraphic address is “Jaytee, Swansea.”

JAMES H. JONES & CO., ENGINEERING DEPOT,
41, WIND STREET, SWANSEA.

MESSRS. JONES founded the above business some four years ago, and every year has added to the extent of the business. Ample and convenient premises are occupied, comprising an extensive single-fronted shop, running a long distance to the back, together with several store-rooms, and every description of work is executed in a manner that cannot fail to give entire satisfaction. The house is thoroughly reliable, and all Orders receive prompt and careful attention. The stocks of machinery have been selected with a close knowledge of the requirements of the local trades, and include almost every description of plant and machinery that can possibly be required. The selections have been made from the best makers in every line. Among these comprehensive accumulations are first-class steam-engines and boilers, gas-engines, steam and hand winches, pulley-blocks, jacks, and all kinds of lifting tackle, steam pumps, saw benches, punching and drilling machines, stocks and dies, valves and gauges, and fittings of every description. These articles are all quoted at low prices, being bought in large quantities and under the best conditions. Messrs. Jones are agents for asbestos and indiarubber manufacturers, and also for Genuine Packings. They have likewise the district agency for the Cortex Calorifuge Company’s patent solid cork coverings for steam pipes. A good business is being done in both directions. The connection of the house extends throughout Swansea and to all the manufacturing and mining districts of South Wales, and, being based upon reliable articles, prompt attention, and moderate prices, its steady expansion is a foregone conclusion. Messrs. Jones are widely known in the trade circles of the district, and everywhere respected for their skill, energy, and strict business principles. They are assiduous in their endeavours to give general satisfaction, and well deserve the large measure of success they have already achieved.
The establishment is connected with the telephone system, the number being 59.

WILLIAM PARFREY, MANUFACTURER OF THE MALVERN CYCLES,
17, OXFORD STREET, SWANSEA.

THIS notable business was established in 1879, by Mr. William Parfrey. The original address was in Orchard Street, but in 1889, to meet the grown state of the business, a removal was made to the premises in Wassail Square, and recently to 17, Oxford Street. Here there is ample room for carrying on the various branches, while the place is thoroughly equipped with machinery of a new and improved type, driven by steam-power. There are a forge, turning lathes, drilling and planing machines, &c. Mr. Parfrey shares with Mr. Drury the patent of the renowned “Malvern cycle crank,” one of the most useful modern inventions connected with cycling. Here, too, are made the “Malvern” cycles, among the fastest in the market for road riding and path racing. The mounts have a most graceful appearance, and, while being light, are remarkably strong, every part being made of the very best tempered material. They have a further recommendation, in that they are most reasonable in price. The owners, having no large advertising expenses, can afford to sell a good machine for pounds less than charged by some firms, who supply a second-rate mount. The proprietor is constantly receiving expressions of satisfaction from pleased purchasers, who recommend the machines to their friends. Repairs of all kinds are at once executed, and parts supplied at strictly moderate prices. The connection now extends over a wide area, the machines having become established favourites. Mr. Parfrey, an enterprising, energetic, and honourable man, is much respected by all who are brought into contact with him.

WILLIAM ROSSER, WHOLESALE SPRING MATTRESS, BEDDING AND PALLIASSE MANUFACTURER,
ALBANY BUILDINGS, GOWER STREET, SWANSEA.

THIS business is an offshoot of one of the oldest of the kind in Swansea, and has recently been considerably developed by the present proprietor, who lately removed to the extensive and commodious premises now occupied. These comprise a large and well-constructed building of three floors, which has been specially fitted up in the most careful and complete manner to ensure the effective and economical working of the various departments of the business. Mr. Rosser gives regular employment to a large staff of skilled and experienced hands in the manufacture of pure bedding, spring and hair mattresses, and palliasses in all sizes. A large stock is always on hand ready for immediate delivery; the very best material only is used, and sound workmanship is guaranteed in every item of production. Mr. Rosser also undertakes all kinds of upholstery work, and with the superior facilities at command he is enabled to punctually execute all orders and to compete on favourable terms with any firm in the trade. Mr. William Rosser brings to bear upon the management the advantage of fourteen years’ practical experience gained in London, Manchester, and Bristol. He is well known and highly respected in Swansea, and widely recognised as a courteous and enterprising business man. Just as we go to press we learn that Mr. Rosser is building a new factory, which will be situated in Ffynone Street. This will be about three times the size of his present premises, and most admirably suited in every way to the requirements of the trade.

THOMAS PHILLIPS & CO., EXCELSIOR CLOTHIERS,
38, HIGH STREET AND TOWER LANE, SWANSEA; EXCELSIOR BUILDINGS, TONYPANDY; AND 33, VILLIERS STREET, BRITON FERRY, SOUTH WALES.

THIS important undertaking, like many similarly successful trading ventures, was originally established on a comparatively modest scale, the present head of the firm having commenced operations some fifteen years ago at Tonypandy, where he opened a clothier’s and outfitter’s business, and in order to obviate confusion in the not uncommon name, selected the trading title of “Excelsior” as most appropriate for the line he had marked out for his enterprise. After a few years of increasing and substantial progress in the Rhondda Valley, Mr. Phillips determined on extending the scope of his operations, and secured a suitable site at 38, High Street, Swansea, where he opened his present establishment in 1888. The premises at this address comprise a handsome and commodious shop, presenting a wide frontage to the street, and, extending a depth of about sixty feet, afford ample accommodation for the several departments of the business. The establishment is well fitted throughout with suitable appointments, and, in addition to the extensive space on the ground floor, contains large stock-rooms in the upper portion for the heavier classes of goods. The stock in each department is widely comprehensive and varied, to suit the taste and means of all classes of customers. All kinds of outfitting goods are also held in stock, shirts, underclothing, hats, caps, and every requisite of this kind, with the exception of boots and shoes, a line not yet included in the proprietor’s comprehensive programme.

Messrs. Phillips & Co. possess a great advantage in being in a position to buy in the best markets from the leading wholesale houses and manufacturers, thus avoiding the extortionate toll usually grasped by the voracious middleman, and enabling the firm to supply the very best quality of goods at prices immeasurably below those usually in force. A widespread connection has been established by the firm both in Swansea and the seats of industry in the locality, whose confidence and support have been gained by the exceptional standard of quality and value maintained in each branch, of their extensive trade. The services of a numerous staff of assistants are employed in the business, each of whom, it is an advantage to know, are proficient in both the English and Welsh languages, thus facilitating commercial intercourse, and enabling buyers of either nationality to obtain their requirements without difficulty or delay. The business throughout is controlled with singular enterprise and sagacity under the personal supervision of its energetic founder, who may justly claim creditable recognition for his efforts in meeting the demands of all classes of the inhabitants in this department of commercial activity by a system of equitable and honourable trading which has been deservedly rewarded with the most conspicuously successful results.

ENOCH & CO., WOOLLEN AND TAILORS’ TRIMMING MERCHANTS,
48, WATERLOO STREET, SWANSEA.
Telegrams: “Enoch, Swansea.”

ORIGINALLY organised some six years ago under the style of Messrs. Dodds, Enoch & Co., the sole proprietary rights of the concern have recently become vested in the hands of Mr. E. L. Enoch. The premises occupied are in every point of character and situation precisely adapted to the requirements of a very brisk business, and consist of a large and substantial three-storeyed warehouse, heavily stocked with goods, a special selection of which are effectively displayed in the well-appointed showroom on the ground floor. Mr. Enoch keeps in constant touch with all the leading manufacturers of the day, both at home and abroad, and his stocks of woollen fabrics and tailors’ trimmings may therefore be relied upon as including all the latest and most fashionable items incidental to the trade. Energetic and enterprising in following up every advance of the times, he thoroughly deserves the distinct success that has attended his representative house, and it is manifest that he spares no effort to preserve intact the reputation it has acquired, the confidence it has gained, and the high advantages it has secured in the possession of a large and valuable connection amongst the tailors, clothiers, and woollen-drapers throughout the busy borough and its populous outlying districts.

ALFRED HALL & CO., LIMITED, WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS,
7, FISHER STREET, SWANSEA.

THIS is one of the oldest established wine and spirit businesses in Swansea. It was originally established about the beginning of the century. About forty years ago it was taken over by Messrs. J. D. Wheeler & Co., of Gloucester, of which Mr. Hall senior was principal. Mr. Hall’s son, Mr. Alfred Hall, considerably developed it, and it has recently been transformed into a limited liability company, of which Mr. Alfred Hall is the manager. The company occupies extensive premises in a good business portion of Swansea. The stock is comprehensive and embraces noted brands of ports and sherries, French, and German wines of the best vintages, and a large bonded stock. All spirits kept are of the best quality and not used until matured by age. The company buy the finest produce known to the trade, and as it has a large connection among the best families of the surrounding districts, as well as a good wholesale trade in Swansea and neighbourhood, it makes every endeavour to sustain yet more effectually that reputation so long enjoyed.

CASTLE HOTEL,
WIND STREET, SWANSEA.
Anne Thomas, Proprietress.

ONE of the most acceptable items of information that can be tendered to fresh arrivals in any town is unquestionably that concerning the whereabouts of a thoroughly comfortable hotel, where unexceptionable attendance and a moderate tariff of charges can be relied upon, and such is the conveniently situated Castle Hotel in Wind Street, Swansea. Established over ninety years ago, the property came into the hands of Mr. Thomas some fourteen years since, and continued under his vigorous regime until 1890, the date of his decease, since then its affairs have been administered upon the same sound lines by his widow, Mrs. Anne Thomas, the present able and genial proprietress. The hotel, per se, consists of a large and substantial three-storeyed building; provided with an imposing entrance which leads to the several public apartments of the place, conspicuous amongst which is the spacious commercial-room with its writing-room attached, and safe accommodation for stock. A comfortable coffee-room, a cosy smoke-room, elegantly furnished sitting-rooms, modern bars equipped in the best style, and a complement of thirty-six clean and comfortable bed-chambers complete the menage of the hotel proper. Adjoining and affiliated to the hotel there is a luxuriously furnished gentlemen’s club, which has the advantage of a private entrance via the hotel. The hotel has become a favourite resting house for gentlemen on the road, as for private parties en famille. A staff of twenty servants is fully employed, under the careful, yet always energetic and enterprising superintendence of Mrs. Anne Thomas, who is everywhere respected as much by reason of her courtesy and well-known business integrity as for her many estimable personal qualities.

JAMES PARFREY, CYCLE MANUFACTURER,
43, OXFORD STREET, AND PICTON LANE, SWANSEA.

UPON the principle that “who drives fat oxen should himself be fat,” there is assuredly no more competent maker of cycles than Mr. James Parfrey, of Swansea. His achievements are well known to every student of the contemporary literature of cycling. Mr. Parfrey is the tricycle champion of Wales and Monmouthshire, and is also champion of the East Side Cycling Club. He has gained no less than fifteen gold or silver medals, three silver cups, and other prizes. He also holds the twenty-five miles tricycle “record” for South Wales, having covered the distance in one hour, forty-five minutes, and also the one mile path and grass “record” for the same district. Being thus possessed of a thorough knowledge of the requirements of the cyclist, Mr. Parfrey has been remarkably successful in providing for them.

Mr. Parfrey founded the prosperous business he now conducts in 1866. His premises were originally in Fisher Street, but the steady increase in his volume of business at length necessitated a removal, which was effected in 1887, to the commodious premises which he occupies at 43, Oxford Street, opposite the National Schools. They comprise a spacious show-room, with plate-glass display windows, which, with their varied exhibits of the specialities of the firm, form a notable point of attraction in the thoroughfare. A large stock of cycles, and of all their accessories, is always held, presenting to the intending purchaser a choice which for all practical purposes is unlimited. The industrial departments of the business are in Picton Lane, where the workshops are fitted with all the required labour-saving mechanical appliances of the most approved modern type, both for original work and for repairs, which are carefully and skilfully executed by a staff of experts. Mr. Parfrey is therefore enabled to conduct all his industrial processes under the most favourable economic conditions, and his customers are allowed to share to the full in the advantages thereby accruing, through the very moderate quotations which he makes for machines of the best workmanship and materials. Mr. Parfrey is the sole maker of the cycles which bear his name, and which — especially the “Parfrey Racer” — have gained more than a local celebrity. He is also the sole agent in the Swansea district for the celebrated “Rover” cycles.

J. V, DAVIES, JEWELLER, AND DEALER IN LONDON, BIRMINGHAM, AND SHEFFIELD GOODS,
25, ARCADE, HIGH STREET, SWANSEA.

NO business is better known in Swansea than that of Mr. J. V. Davies, whose extensive establishments are situated at 24 and 25, and 2 and 3, Arcade, High Street, and who occupies several extensive stalls in the Market Place. His shops are amongst the largest and finest in the town. His four capacious windows in the Arcade (where he was the first to commence business) are always sources of attraction. An immense trade is being done, particularly in London, Birmingham, and Sheffield goods. Mr. Davies is thoroughly familiar with all the best sources of supply, both at home and abroad, and being in constant communication with all the leading makers, novelties and new goods find their way into his hands before they are generally known in the trade. The stocks held embrace a mass of miscellaneous goods too numerous to specify. A leading line is made of electro-plated goods, and also of high-class pocket and table cutlery from the best makers. Optical goods are well represented here, the supply of opera-glasses, folders, and spectacles being very large. A noted feature with the business consists of cutting and mounting Aberystwith pebbles. A number of workmen is kept constantly employed, and every description of jewellery or optical instrument is promptly and carefully repaired. A branch establishment is kept at Llanrrtyd Wells. Mr. Davies is a man that keeps fully in touch with the wants and fashions of the times, and by his perseverance, energy, and attention to business, he is rapidly adding to the valuable connection he has developed during the two years he has been established at Swansea. He is a straightforward and honourable business man, liberal in all his dealings, and he well deserves his success.

E. J. DANN & CO., SOUTH WALES CLOTHING STORES,
23, WIND STREET, SWANSEA.

MESSRS. E. J. DANN & CO. are the proprietors of one of the largest and most popular clothing establishments in Swansea. The business was founded many years ago by a Mr. C. Tagholm, and was taken over by Mr. E. J. Dann, better known as Captain Dann, about eighteen years since. This gentleman retired in 1888 in favour of his son, the present proprietor, who trades under the above title. The establishment, which is so well and widely known as the South Wales Clothing Stores, occupies an excellent position in Wind Street (No. 23). The premises comprise a large and attractive three-storeyed building, containing a spacious and well-appointed shop on the ground floor, with ten large and well-fitted stock-rooms above. To give a detailed account of the large and varied stock held by the firm would far exceed the limits of space at command. A few of the leading lines, however, embrace men’s and youths’ ready-made clothing of every description, best hand-made oilskins, boots and shoes of all kinds, specially suitable for seamen, seamen’s bedding and tins, and, in fact, every article necessary for a complete seaman’s outfit. Indeed, one of the features upon which the firm very justly pride themselves, apart from the quality of the goods, is the large and varied stock always on hand, and in no place in Swansea can be found such an excellent assortment and economical prices. The goods are selected with a special view to meet the requirements of seamen, and, buying as they do in such large lines direct from the manufacturers, Messrs. Dann & Co. give their customers the advantage of all intermediate profits, and can defy competition both in quality and price. The business is conducted personally by the proprietor with commendable enterprise and ability. Mr. E. J. Dann is well known and highly respected in Swansea, and spares no effort to maintain and extend the high reputation and popularity his establishment has so long enjoyed.

WILLIAM TAYLOR, TEA DEALER, BAKER, FLOUR FACTOR, &C.,
174, ST. HELEN’S AVENUE, SWANSEA.

THIS superior business was founded fourteen years ago by Mr. William Taylor, who is the present sole proprietor. The premises occupy a first-class corner position, the shop having two good windows. The interior is fixtured with much taste and effect, while excellent arrangements are made for the convenience of shoppers. Mr. Taylor confines his purchases to the leading markets, his stock being known all over the west end of Swansea for its superior and reliable quality. In the grocery department there is every requirement to meet a good all-round family trade. There is an excellent assortment of tinned goods of all kinds, also jams, pickles, sauces, and biscuits. There is also a full complement of provisions, including prime English-cured hams, bacon, &c. There is also a good variety of home, foreign, and Colonial cheese. Mr. Taylor is an accomplished judge of tea, and keeps several favourite blends noted for their pure rich flavour. At the rear there is a commodious bakehouse, constructed on the good old-fashioned principle. The place is faultlessly dean, and affords ample accommodation for turning out large bakings daily. Several well-known specialities are produced, such as currant, seed, and sultana cakes, these being composed of the best ingredients only. The demand for the household bread steadily continues, and for quality cannot be surpassed. There are several competent hands employed, these being under the personal supervision of the proprietor. The establishment is singularly well conducted, and has accorded to it a very fair share of patronage and support. During the years Mr. Taylor has been at the above address he has steadily increased in the estimation of those by whom he is surrounded, being well known as a courteous and honourable gentleman.

EVANS & DAVIES, TAILORS,
THE ARCADE, HIGH STREET, SWANSEA.

ALTHOUGH this business is one of the most recent candidates of the kind for public support and favour in Swansea, such has been the masterly skill and enterprise displayed on the part of the proprietors that already a highly respectable connection has been formed, and one that is daily being added to. Messrs. James Evans and Thomas Davies, the present proprietors, commenced business in 1892, at the above address. During the short time that has elapsed they have amply proved that they are men of ability, and are in the possession of a thorough knowledge of all the branches of their calling. The premises in the Arcade are neatly and tastefully fitted and furnished, the shop being provided with a handsome plate-glass window. The firm show a well-selected stock of cloths, which are the productions of some of the leading manufacturers, and embrace their very latest novelties, both with regard to pattern and colour. There are materials for lounge suits, suits for commercial and ordinary wear, morning coats, dress suits, mourning suits, shooting, fishing, boating, &c., as well as materials for marine officers, engineers, and others. The principal fame of Messrs. Evans & Davies has been acquired by the perfection of their style and fit. The utmost attention is paid to the measurement, while in cutting out an approved scientific system is adopted. Notwithstanding the high-class nature of the material and workmanship, all the charges made are strictly within the bounds of moderation, the firm seeking their profit in an extended patronage. The work-rooms are on the first floor, wherein competent hands only are employed. Messrs. Evans & Davies are to be highly congratulated upon attaining to their great success, more especially when it has been brought about by their personal courtesy, skill, and strict integrity.

W. WESTLAKE, THE LOW LEVEL HAULAGE AND STORAGE COMPANY, SWANSEA.
AMERICAN OFFICE:— A. E. CULLINGWORTH, 225, DEARBORN STREET, CHICAGO.

Contractor and Agent for the London and North-Western Railway Company; the Grovesend Steel Company, Limited, Gorseinon; Messrs. E. Underwood & Sons, Limited, Merchants, Brentford.
Stevedores, ships’ agents, and general hauliers, by road, rail, or canal. Locomotives, steam barges, and lighters on hire.
Cargoes of all descriptions discharged or shipped at reasonable rates.
Proprietor of the Mersey Engineering Works, Prince of Wales Dock; Office:— 1, Mount Street, Swansea.
Managing Director of the Pacific Patent Fuel Company, Limited; Works:— East Docks, Swansea.

THE SWANSEA FARE MILK COMPANY, MILK DEALERS AND CONTRACTORS, MAKERS OF BUTTER, CREAM CHEESE, AND CLOTTED CREAM,
11, DE LA BECHE STREET, SWANSEA.

ANY record of the commercial and industrial institutions of Swansea that may be said to have contributed materially to the business prosperity of the town, and to the every-day needs and requirements of the community at large, would indeed be deficient without due reference to the rise and progress of the notable house popularly known as The Swansea Pure Milk Company. This prosperous and progressive concern was organised in 1875, under the able auspices of the late Mr. W. T. Perkins, for the purpose of supplying the public of Swansea and its surrounding districts with milk of guaranteed hygienic purity, all of which is carefully tested before leaving the premises, to ensure both purity and quality, and, as having been subjected to a process of refrigeration, will be found to keep sweet for a longer period than ordinary milk, and is more suitable for the use of infants and invalids. The firm also supply to order raw cream, clotted cream (a speciality which they send in large quantities to all parts of the country), new-laid eggs, and the finest of butters and cream cheeses, and all goods can be thoroughly relied upon, and the firm are noted for their moderate prices. The headquarters at De la Beche Street comprise a spacious shop, with large cool rooms at the rear, appointed throughout in the best modern style, and provided with all the latest dairy appliances of the day, for the perfect preparation of the productions enumerated. Their system of organisation is complete, deliveries being effected from the headquarters as well as from their branches at Wassail Square, Swansea, and the districts of Landore, Moniston, Mumbles, and St. Thomas, &c., and a radius of ten miles around, altogether entailing the employment of a very large staff of hands, and a full service of horses and carts.

Messrs. Perkins & Co., moreover, act as the agents in Swansea for the leading Bristol brewers, for whom they transact a considerable business by the sale of their mild ales, bitter and pale ales, and porters and stouts, in casks and bottles, all of which are accounted to be unsurpassed for family use. Altogether a vast trade is kept in brisk operation, and the business in its entirety is directed with all the ability and enterprise that have been so strongly instrumental in establishing its position and assuring its substantial prosperity.

LANDORE.

THE MILLBROOK IRON AND STEEL COMPANY, IRON AND BRASS FOUNDERS, MAKERS OF STEAM-ENGINES, &C.,
LANDORE.

THE important works at Landore carried on by the above named Company were founded as far back as the year 1804 as a blast-furnace works, and can claim to be about the oldest of their kind in South Wales. They were originally called the Nantrhydyvilas Air Furnace Works, and were owned by Messrs. Bevan & Co. Subsequently the concern was acquired by the Morris family, the members of which have controlled it uninterruptedly down to the present day. G. B. Morris, Esq., J.P., father of the present managing partner, Mr. G. L. Morris, is still connected with the business. The works at Landore are very extensive, occupying about five acres of land, and comprising large foundries for iron and brass work, engine- fitting shops, smiths’ shops, pattern-shops, and all other characteristic features of a great ironfounding and engineering establishment. The various working departments are well equipped, possessing every improvement in the most modern class of machinery. The productive facilities in all divisions of these busy works are more than ordinarily large, and the Company enjoy the advantage of close proximity and connection to the Great Western Railway line, and also to the port of Swansea. Besides the foundries, machine-shops, and smithies with their numerous forges, these works include two large Siemens steel furnaces, with three-high rolling-mill for manufacturing tin-plate bars.

The Millbrook Iron and Steel Company employ a large force of hands, and carry on an industry of great magnitude as iron and brass founders, engineers, and makers of all kinds of steam-engines, especially of the compound type, mill castings, grain and chilled rolls, hammered iron of all descriptions, spades, shovels, &c. For all their products the firm enjoy an eminent reputation, and several of their leading specialities are well known, such as the “Millbrook pickling’ machine,” which is supplied to a great number of the tin-plate works in the South Wales district. The Company are also noted in the export markets as well as at home, and they send their manufactures to a number of the Continental ports, and to America, where they have long been held in high esteem. The business in its entirety is a large one and ranks among the most representative concerns in this part of the Principality. It is conducted with marked ability and judgment, and in all its operations it has the personal supervision of experienced managers. These gentlemen are much respected in the trade with which their firm has been so long identified.
Telegrams for the Company should be addressed: “Millbrook, Landore.”

MORRISTON.

THE GRAIG BRICK WORKS.
PROPRIETORS, MESSRS. WALTERS JOHNS.
OFFICES, DILLWYN STREET, MORRISTON.

MESSRS. WALTERS & JOHNS, the proprietors and managers of the Graig Brick Works, are both accomplished surveyors, with a large professional practice in Glamorganshire and the adjoining counties. The enterprise on which they are engaged has been carried out by the creation of the already notably successful establishment near Morriston, which they conduct under the style and title of the Graig Brick Company, which was founded in 1890, and which at the present moment has assumed a prominent position among the leading industrial institutions of the district. The works, which cover a considerable area of ground, the soil of which is admirably adapted to the manufacture of bricks of the best class, have been equipped with mechanical appliances which represent the highest developments of modern, engineering skill as applied to the industry in which the firm are engaged. They are completely fitted with the machinery known as the Scholefield patent press system, and driven by a steam-engine of fourteen horse-power. At the Graig Brick Works are manufactured the best descriptions of ornamental and other bricks. The ordinary output amounts to about fifteen thousand per day, and includes large quantities of ordinary red building bricks, and the best red facing bricks. The excellence of the working plant saves an enormous percentage of labour, but, nevertheless, the demand for the productions of the Graig Brick Works is so great as to give regular employment to an average of twenty-five hands. Although the enterprise, in the first instance, benefited very largely by the valuable business relations established by the members of the firm in their professional capacity, there can be no question that its subsequent notable development is the result of the exceptionally high quality of the bricks produced, and of the notably moderate quotations which, as a result of the economies effected by the improved machinery, they are enabled to make.

The commercial headquarters of the Graig Brick Company are in Dillwyn Street, Morriston. They comprise a suite of well-appointed general and private offices, with telephonic communication, and all other appliances for facilitating the large amount of clerical work necessitated by the magnitude of the firm’s operations. The telephone number is 396, and the registered telegraphic address “Builders.” Both the partners are personally well known and highly respected. They interest themselves largely in all movements having for their object the public advantage of the district, and Mr. Walters has done good service as an active member of the Swansea Board of Guardians.

DAVID WILLIAMS, FURNISHER AND GENERAL IRONMONGER,
66 AND 67, WOODFIELD STREET, MORRISTON.

PROJECTED about twenty years ago, this prosperous concern was acquired by its present enterprising proprietor, and under his vigorous regime has been rapidly expanded to its present proportions. The premises occupied consist of a large and substantial three-storeyed building, having a frontage of about forty feet, and extending for a distance of fully sixty feet to commodious warehouses at the rear. The shop and various show-rooms are handsomely appointed in the best modern style, and most methodically arranged to hold and display a vast and comprehensive stock of ironmongery goods, made by the leading manufacturers of the day, and comprising all manner of household hardware, cutlery, domestic utensils, and furnishing ironmongery; builders’ and cabinet makers’ ironmongery: tools for all trades; domestic machines; garden and agricultural implements; galvanised, corrugated, sheet, and tube iron, and other metals; plumbers’ goods of every description; oils, colours, and paints: brushes and brooms; lamps in vast variety; and, in short, every available article incidental to the trade. In addition to these, Mr. Williams holds a very large assortment of paperhangings, and a well-selected stock of household furniture, carpets, oilcloths, &c., specimens of which are effectively exhibited in special departments, apart from the ironmongery per se; and he also runs a branch general ironmongery store at Brynhyfryd. In every department of the business high-class quality is made a sine qua non and it is largely due to this fact that the house has become so widely popular, and that such an extensive and thriving business has been developed.

DANIEL EDWARDS & CO., MANUFACTURERS OF SIEMENS STEEL BARS, AND TIN AND TERNE PLATES,
DYFFRYN STEEL AND TIN-PLATE WORKS, MORRISTON, R.S.O., GLAMORGANSHIRE.

AMONG the great metallurgical industries that flourish in the vicinity of Swansea there is none more worthy of attentive consideration in these reviews of Welsh enterprise than that carried on at the Dyffryn Steel and Tin-plate Works, Morriston, by the eminent firm of Messrs. Daniel Edwards & Co. This gigantic concern, ranking among the largest of its kind in the Principality, is the outcome of one man’s untiring energy and application, and commands our attention as a splendid example of what natural business gifts and steady perseverance can accomplish by their own unaided force. Founded in 1873 by their present sole principal, Mr. Daniel Edwards, the Dyffryn Steel and Tin-plate Works owe all their perfection of organisation and their completeness of productive resource to the practical skill and long experience of their originator. Mr. Edwards has worked his way up through all grades of the tin-plate trade until he is now a recognised leader therein, and the vast works he has established at Morriston embody in their various details of plan and equipment the fruit of many years of knowledge acquired by him under conditions of hard work and laborious study. These works are situated on the banks of the River Tawe, and close to the Midland Railway Station, the facilities of transport being most complete owing to the extensive system of sidings running into and through the yards. On these sidings the firm run their own fine locomotives, one of which appropriately bears the name of the respected head of the house.

The length of the building occupied by the mills and cold rolls is three hundred and nine feet, height from floor twenty-two feet. It is admirably lighted by two rows of windows, placed close to each other. The span is sixty feet, and the roof is one of extraordinary strength. The scouring and annealing house is one hundred and eighty feet long, the tin-house and warehouse is two hundred and twelve feet long, and this brings the total length of the building up to seven hundred and one feet. In other words, to pass through the establishment from one end to the other means a walk of a little more than an eighth of a mile. The works stand on a property of about ten acres, and are equipped with eight mills and eleven pairs of cold rolls. Power is supplied by two fine engines and five large-sized boilers of the Galloway type. The two fly-wheels of the engines are each twenty-two feet in diameter and thirty-eight tons in weight. The plant also includes one ten-ton steam hammer and two five-ton, the former of which is among the finest in the country. For the production of steel bars for working into tin and terne plates, the firm have at the present time in operation two of Siemens open-hearth furnaces, and two more furnaces are in course of construction to meet the requirements of a rapidly growing trade. There are also large regenerators for purifying the gas from the furnaces, and a chemical laboratory for the careful testing of all metals and materials used in the industry.

The manufacture of tin-plates, like most other industries largely carried on at the present day, has been facilitated in many ways by the invention of various kinds of labour-saving machines. Among these it is safe to say that none has met with more general approval or achieved better results in working than the “Edwards Tinning Machine,” invented and patented by Mr. Daniel Edwards, the head of the firm under notice. The perfection which this machine has attained is the outcome of many experiments and a large expenditure, the patentee having always kept in view the enormously extended field which would be open to an invention combining a reduction of labour with prevention of waste in materials, and thus possessing a double advantage over other so-called economic machines. That Mr. Edwards has been highly successful in perfecting such an ideal machine as this is proved not only by the results obtained in his own works, but also by the testimony of many of the leading tin-plate firms in the country. The letters received from users, buyers, and consumers have been exceedingly numerous, and all express unqualified satisfaction with the Edwards tinning machine, the advantages of which may be concisely summed up as follows:- (1) No washman; (2) no pumps; (3) no grease-pot cradle; (4) no hemp: (5) no brushes. The machine is adaptable to any gearing. It is not so subject to wear as other machines, and the wearing parts can be readily and cheaply renewed, such renewals being needed only at long intervals. The fact that the whole machine can be lifted (removed) in five minutes indicates the ease with which it can be cleaned, and manufacturers will greatly appreciate its compactness. Actual figures show that this machine effects a saving of twenty per cent, by avoiding waste in metal and oil, and the services of the “washman” being dispensed with means an economy of threepence per box in the production of tin-plates. We strongly commend this excellent machine to the attention of those of our readers who are interested directly or indirectly in the tin-plate industry. It certainly seems to us to afford a means of checkmating the “McKinley tariff,” which has operated so greatly to the disadvantage of many of our leading trades. If manufacturers can effect large economy in production they may still be able to combat the heavy fiscal tax imposed upon their goods in “protected” markets, and as an economiser the “Edwards Tinning Machine” is facile princeps. As to the manner in which, it does its work we need only refer enquirers to the products of the Dyffryn Works, the various brands of which are held in universal estimation for their beautiful finish and all-round uniform excellence in every size of plate.

The Dyffryn Steel and Tin-plate Works, as we have already indicated, were specially designed by Mr. Daniel Edwards, and built and equipped under his immediate instructions and supervision. They afford employment to upwards of eleven hundred hands, and have the reputation of being the most perfectly-appointed works of the kind ever erected, both as regards their construction, machinery, &c., and also as being the most comfortable for the workmen, and the most convenient in their methods of saving labour, each of the many processes of the industry following one another in systematic succession. The British Association, which held its annual session at Swansea in September, 1880, selected these fine works for inspection, and the members of that important scientific body were highly gratified at the facilities afforded them for witnessing the interesting manufacture of tin-plates, and expressed their warm admiration of the manner in which the various processes are carried out at Messrs. Edwards’ establishment. We need hardly add that the firm under notice control an immense trade in both the home and the export markets, their manufactures being held in the highest confidence by an international connection.

The life of Mr. Daniel Edwards, J.P., founder and chief of the great industrial concern we have herein briefly reviewed, reads almost like a modern romance, and furnishes an example of perseverance, industry, and self-help which ought to be highly encouraging to all young men who stand upon the threshold of their life’s career and hesitate to engage in the struggle that lies before them. Born in 1835 at Morriston, Mr. Edwards was the third son of a stonemason and contractor who enjoyed an excellent local reputation in his trade. Many are the stories told of Mr. Daniel Edwards’ boyhood, which would well bear repeating here had we the space at our disposal, but it is, perhaps, sufficient to note that they all tend to illustrate his inherent energy and resolution, and point in the direction of the future successes he was destined to achieve. When very young “he struck out for himself,” as the saying goes, and obtained a situation in a copper-works near Morriston, where his youthful efforts gave such satisfaction that he obtained a letter of recommendation to the Morriston Foundry, where he continued until the place was closed. He then engaged in stone-dressing under his father, and later on we find him plying that craft on the Vale of Neath Railway, thus assisting in the construction of the first railway in the district. He also worked as a stone-dresser on the first dock (the North Dock) at Swansea, and subsequently was employed in the erection of the Ystalyfera Tin-plate Works, and in the extension of the Upper Forest Tin-plate Works at Morriston. There he diligently acquired the large fund of practical knowledge which he has employed to such splendid advantage in his own steel and tin-plate works at the same place. He added to that knowledge during his subsequent engagements at the Landore and the Beaufort Tin-plate Works, and after that entered into a partnership with Mr. William Williams, at the Worcester Tin-plate Works, Morriston. That partnership being dissolved after two years, Mr. Edwards was induced to undertake the supervision of the work in connection with building the new chapel of the Libanus Congregational Church at Morriston. This is the largest and most substantially-built place of worship in Wales, and its eminently satisfactory completion reflected great credit upon Mr. Edwards’ skill as a builder. Eventually he accomplished what may be regarded as the purpose of his life in founding the Dyffryn Tin-plate Works, and here he has associated his name with many of the most valuable improvements of recent years in the methods of tin-plate manufacture. For more minute particulars concerning the busy career of this “captain of industry” from the days of his boyhood onward, we commend our readers to the highly interesting account of Mr. Edwards’ life which appeared in the “Cambrian,” Swansea, May 15th, 1891, and from which we have extracted the few biographical details above given. In 1891 Mr. Edwards was placed on the Commission of the Peace — a fitting recognition both of his personal merits and of his influential standing in the world of industry. He is a liberal supporter of local charities and benevolent institutions, and a just and kindly employer; while as a business man he is admired for his energy, enterprise, and progressive spirit, and respected for the honourable and straightforward principles that have always governed his actions in commercial affairs.
The telegraphic address of Messrs. Daniel Edwards & Co. is “Dyffryn, Swansea”; telephone No, 380.

WALTERS & JOHNS, BUILDERS, CONTRACTORS, SLATE MERCHANTS, &C.,
DILLWYN STREET SAW-MILLS, MORRISTON, R.S.O.

THE above business was established in 1874 by the present proprietors, under whose able and enterprising management it has shown a record of conspicuous success. The premises include, first, a fine joinery shop, some eighty feet in length, fitted with fifteen benches, and the best mechanical appliances, including circular, shaping, moulding and morticing machines of the most modern type. There is another spacious workshop, which is extensively fitted with circular saws, planing and tenoning machines, and turning lathes. In this shop is made all the joinery which, is largely supplied by the firm to builders throughout the district. There are also powerful circular saws in the yard for cutting heavy timber. The various mechanical appliances are driven by a steam-engine of twenty horse-power, and of modern construction. Other industrial departments are devoted to plumbers, smiths, and wheelwrights, and are all equipped in accordance with the latest developments of applied science. Attached to the premises are extensive stores for warehousing slates and building materials of every description. The stabling is arranged for twelve horses, and is equipped with the most approved machinery for chaff-cutting, corn-crushing, &c. Adjoining the works are conveniently arranged offices.

The telephone number of the firm is 396, and the registered telegraphic address is “Builders, Morriston.” Messrs. Walters & Johns are also surveyors, and have a large connection in this department. They are both well known in the district, and are highly respected. Mr. Walters has been for many years a member of the Swansea Board of Guardians.

NEATH, BRITON FERRY, PORT TALBOT, MERTHYR TYDFIL, PONTYPRIDD, ABERDARE.

THE group of towns to which we may now turn our attention exhibit some very interesting developments of the mercantile and manufacturing life of South Wales, and are intimately associated with the typical industries of this part of the Principality. They are all busy places, showing an abundance of that progressive energy which seems to be a heritage among the people of Glamorganshire; and they command our attention as centres of activity in the employment of labour and the profitable and intelligent investment of capital.

NEATH, an ancient place, and the site of a famous old Cistercian abbey, the ruins of which still attract the notice of the tourist, is a flourishing industrial town, with important undertakings in the metal trades with which this district has identified itself. Here are extensive copper and tin-plate works, besides other manufacturing establishments, giving employment in the aggregate to a large force of hands, and turning out vast quantities of goods which eventually find their way to all the principal markets of the world. There is also a large export trade here in coal and other mineral products of the neighbourhood. Neath is a town of some size, having a population of over 11,000, and it possesses the advantages of excellent railway facilities and a good situation on the River Nedd or Neath, the distance from Swansea being about eight miles in a north-easterly direction.

BRITON FERRY is the port of Neath, and is situated at the mouth of the river, in a very charming and picturesque position. It has good dock accommodation and railway facilities, and is a very promising and progressive place, bidding fair to rank in time among the chief ports of South Wales. Several industries of a large and important character have been established here and worked with marked success, and the place has a population of about 6,000.

PORT TALBOT IS a rising seaport on the east side of Swansea Bay, and is the port for Aberavon, which is situated about two miles to the north. There is a large amount of business done here, and the place has natural advantages of a notable character. Its fine floating harbour, for instance, has a great depth of water, and coasting vessels come hither in great numbers. The railway communication is excellent, and there is a good service of steamers to and from Bristol. There are important copper works at Port Talbot, and the industrial aspect of the place displays some interesting features.

MERTHYR TYDFIL, the headquarters of the South Wales coal and iron industries, is a large and populous town, occupying a situation in the midst of some of the wildest and grandest scenery of the Glamorgan hills, and in the very heart of the richest mineral region of the Principality. Its growth has been continuous during the last hundred and forty years, and its undertakings in iron and steel manufacture are carried on upon a scale hardly surpassed in the British Isles. In the town itself one meets with all the evidences of a well-governed and thriving community, and there are many well-managed business establishments here, representing a wide range of general trades, and catering in an enterprising and adequate manner to the varied requirements of a large population. Tremendous activity prevails; in the mines and iron-works of this busy district, the products of which are in universal demand.

PONTYPRIDD, in which are comprised several important Glamorganshire parishes, is a flourishing town of about 20,000 inhabitants, situated at the junction of the Rivers Rhondda and Taff. It is sometimes called Newbridge — probably in honour of the beautiful bridge which spans the Taff at this point. Like many other prominent towns of South Wales at the present day Pontypridd has grown up from the proportions of a simple country village to be a place of mark in the industrial world, and the secret of it 3 success and progress has been the mineral wealth of the district in which it is situated. The coal and iron mines of the district are extensively and profitably worked, and the town itself has become a busy and thriving industrial centre, where anchors and chains are largely made, and where the operations incidental to a variety of iron and brass working industries are vigorously carried on. There are excellent facilities of railway transport, and there is every reason to believe that the growth and prosperity of Pontypridd will be continuous, for its people are industrious and enterprising, and their various business undertakings are well advanced and firmly established.

ABERDARE, a populous market town and manufacturing centre of Glamorganshire, forms part of the parliamentary borough of Merthyr Tydfil, from which town it is about four miles distant to the south-west. It lies 24 miles to the north of Cardiff, and has excellent means of communication with that port. Coal and iron are abundant in the district, and the principal local industries are connected with the working and utilisation of those invaluable minerals. The population of Aberdare in 1891 was 38,513.

The articles which now follow will serve to indicate the nature and scope of the great industries and trades of the above-named towns by presenting a review of the history and operations of leading firms engaged therein.

REPRESENTATIVES OF COMMERCE.

NEATH.

VALE OF NEATH BREWERY,
NEATH.

A CALL by appointment at the offices of the “Vale of Neath Brewery,” situate in High Street, Neath, secures an interview with the courteous proprietor, Mr. Evan Evans Bevan, who is at present (1893) Mayor of the borough of Neath. After a critical inspection of the well-furnished and ably conducted, offices, Mr. Bevan is good enough to suggest a drive out to Cadoxton, where the brewery is situated. The brewery (of which we have annexed a bird’s-eye view), or rather a portion of the present establishment, was originally erected in 1840 at a cost of £60,000 by a joint-stock company, and after some years of trading was purchased by Evan Evans, Esq., who by skill and perseverance refitted it throughout in a judicious manner, replete with every requirement, and made considerable additions. He was succeeded by his son-in-law, the late Mr. David Bevan, the father of the present proprietor, and the concern has been in his hands since 1888. If all the beer offered for public sale were of similar quality to that supplied from this brewery, good and wholesome, there would be less heard of the grievous drunkenness which so disgraces our land. The consumption of adulterated mixtures dignified by the name of beer must be held responsible for a great deal of this blot upon our national reputation. The building itself is imposing and substantial and is fitted with none but the very best machinery and appliances in every department. The first essential is that the ingredients be of the highest quality obtainable in the market, and to this Mr. Bevan devotes the most scrupulous personal attention. Every process of manufacture is watched with jealous care, and in the result the brewery issues the very best beers and stout, which are largely consumed throughout the district.

THOMAS S. SUTTON & SONS, SMELTERS AND METAL REFINERS,
NEATH.

THE business of smelting and metal refining carried on by this firm at their Mill-lands Works, Neath, was commenced many years ago by the present senior partner, and has been since largely developed under the management of Mr. Herbert S. Sutton, the elder of the two junior partners, who was a pupil of the late Mr. James S. Merry, metallurgical chemist, of Swansea, and was trained for this profession at the laboratory in the ore-yards of Messrs. Henry Bath & Son, Swansea. The firm at first dealt with metallic wastes, which arise in the local manufactories, and further on, in the reduction of metals from their native ores and in other combinations. From the metals thus obtained this firm manufactures alloys for various uses, as well as solder for tinsmiths, plumbers, &c., their makes of which are in high repute, and protected by a registered trade-mark. The works are most eligibly situated, being in close proximity to the Great Western Railway, and to the navigable River Neath. The plant which has been setup for the various purposes — some of it protected by patent — is of a kind which ensures both efficiency and economy. The experience, arising from a long business career, of the senior partner, supplemented by the junior partners, who are trained assayers, and practical in all departments of their manufacture, gives them special advantages for the carrying on of their business, and secures to them the reputation they enjoy.

T. WILLIAMS & CO. STEAM SAW MILLS,
NEATH.

ESTABLISHED some fifty years ago by a Mr. Henry Strick, the property subsequently passed into the hands of Messrs. Munro, Grant & Co., from whom it was acquired by Messrs. John Williams & Co., and finally came into the possession of Mr. Thomas Williams, who since the year 1862 has been sole proprietor, trading under the style of T. Williams & Co. The timber yard and mills are very extensive, occupying a most advantageous site between the canal and the River Neath, to both of which they have a wharf frontage of considerable depth. The works are thus placed in direct water communication with the various foreign ports whence supplies of valuable timber are drawn, and on the other hand with the vast network of towns and mining properties tapped by the canal, and over which the proprietor of the Neath Steam Saw Mills disperses his goods. Not only are considerable cargoes of timber discharged into the yard for treatment in the mills, but deals and other boarding are imported. These latter are at once stacked with the utmost precision in vast sheds, in order to secure a thorough seasoning of the wood. The massive blocks of timber stacked on the wharves are passed to the mills by means of a gantry, and a powerful crane greatly facilitates the unloading of cargo from ships lying alongside. The engine-house contains two horizontal twenty-four horse-power engines, which have full occupation in driving the numerous circular, vertical, horizontal, and other saws with which the mills are fitted. In another building is a third engine, of twelve horse-power, employed in driving elaborate planing and moulding machines. Besides this the yard boasts extensive carpenters’ and smiths’ shops, not only for the purposes of the works, but also for the use of the firm’s customers. In addition to the timber trade a very considerable business is transacted in the usual builders’ requisites, such as Welsh slates, bricks, pantiles, lathes, &c., and a staff of some twenty men find ample employment upon the works, while many horses, stabled on the premises, are used in the delivery of timber and other goods. In connection with the business there is also a large timber-yard at Port Talbot, a few miles away. The trade of both establishments is chiefly local, but of large and increasing dimensions.

WILLIAM HARRY REES, AUCTIONEER, LAND AGENT, AND VALUER, &C.,
CHARLESVILLE PLACE, NEATH.

THE department of business operations undertaken by the auctioneer is without question one that is of the greatest importance in all communities; and the town of Neath and the districts comprising the charming Vale of Neath, including Briton Ferry, Aberavon, Port Talbot, the Swansea Valley, and West Glamorgan, find a very able representative and exponent in Mr. William Harry Rees, an Associate of the Institute of Auctioneers, who opened his present business in the year 1867, and now holds the premiere place as auctioneer, valuer, &c., in his town and district.. Mr. Rees conducts auctions, in all parts of the town and country, of all manner of household furniture and effects, works, plant, and machinery, estates, collieries, land and house property, farming stock, &c. All classes of land and estate agency business are transacted, and among other work in which Mr. Rees is largely engaged may be mentioned confidential reporting for mortgages and other purposes, and the making of surveys and effecting valuations of estates, works, business premises, and the like, as well as all kinds of arbitrator’s and referee’s work. The business is well sustained by the ability, experience, and sound judgment that mark Mr. Rees’s administration, his qualifications being evidently well known and appreciated by the legal profession and an extensive clientele; and a first-class connection is maintained among the landed proprietors, property owners, investors, and professional and business men throughout the town and district of Neath and the surrounding neighbourhood, as well as in many adjacent towns and districts. Mr. Rees’s premises, situated in a commanding position in a main thoroughfare, comprise a well-appointed suite of general, clerical, and private offices and auction-rooms on the ground floor, and an efficient staff of assistants is engaged, under the personal superintendence of Mr. Rees; and a well-equipped printing office is attached and conducted under able direction, where auction announcements, bills, and catalogues are printed, as well as superior general letterpress and job commercial work, artistic work, and also account-book making, machine ruling, bookbinding, colour and relief stamping are executed by expert and experienced hands.

J. D. LLEWELLYN, GROCER, FLOUR, AND PROVISION MERCHANT,
THE NEATH SUPPLY STORES, WIND STREET, NEATH.

SPRUNG from a family of farmers, Mr. Llewellyn’s father, at one time a prosperous man, was forced, through agricultural depression, to settle in the town of Neath. He determined, however, to give to his son as good an education as the town could afford, and Mr. Llewellyn passed with credit both through Alderman Davies’s Schools and the Neath Academy. After some years of valuable experience gained in the well-known house of Mr. T. J. Osborne, in 1874 Mr. Llewellyn commenced business on his own account as grocer and provision merchant in Queen Street. His success was assured and rapid. The business speedily outgrew the resources of the original premises, and a removal was made to a more commodious shop in Wind Street. But even this soon proved inadequate to cope with the ever-increasing volume of business, and the two adjoining shops were added. The premises comprise three handsome shops, with a frontage of sixty feet of spacious plate-glass windows.

No. 5, Wind Street is an extensive shop, sixty feet in depth, and is splendidly lighted from the roof. This shop has been elegantly fitted by Bartlett, of Bristol, with mahogany and marble-top counters, and ornamental polished mahogany and brass shelving and fixtures. For the expedition of business the shop has been equipped with Lamson’s Patent Ball-Cash Railway. From the shop an arcade leads to the private office, and at the end of the shop is a massive mirror. This shop is stocked with groceries and provisions of the choicest brands, patent medicines, wines and spirits (Mr. Llewellyn being an agent for W. & A. Gilbey), biscuits and cakes in great variety, fruits, both fresh and dried, and brushes, fancy goods, sponges, &c. No. 7, which is a shop of equally large size, has also been fitted in a similarly elegant manner by Bartlett, of Bristol. Attached to this department is the well-appointed counting-house. No. 6, Wind Street, which has been recently completed, is devoted exclusively to the tea department. It has been fitted after the most approved metropolitan style, and is distinctly the best shop of the kind in South Wales.

At the rear of the shops is a substantially built warehouse of four storeys. The large space thus afforded is stocked to repletion with splendid selections of the goods in which Mr. Llewellyn deals. The ground floor is devoted to the storage of heavy goods, such as sacks of flour and grain, bags of sugar, cheeses, and provisions. A tramway connects this part of the warehouse with the street, and there is also a hoist in use. The first floor is devoted to the warehousing of various condiments and Italian goods, together with household requisites. On this floor, also, is the coffee store-room, very large assortments of this commodity being held. The coffee is roasted as well as ground on the premises. The roasting mill used is a patent by Parnall & Co., of Bristol. The upper floors are used as store-rooms for spices, farinaceous foods, and teas. This latter commodity enters very largely into Mr. Llewellyn’s operations. He makes his purchases with the greatest discrimination, and his stock is reputed to be one of the best in South Wales. The patent blending machine in use is also a production of Messrs. Parnall & Co., of Bristol. There is also a spacious room for the storage of fruit. In this room is a patent fruit-cleaning machine.

Attached to the premises is commodious stabling, erected upon the most approved sanitary principles. Here ample accommodation is afforded for the large number of horses and carts used in the business. Upwards of twenty-five hands are employed, and Mr. Llewellyn enjoys a very high reputation for the attention which he devotes to the comforts of those who serve him. No. 4, Wind Street, a spacious private house, has been conveniently fitted up for their accommodation. Although he possesses very extensive and valuable retail connections, Mr. Llewellyn’s business is by no means confined to this department, for he conducts a most important wholesale trade. In 1888 Mr. Llewellyn was elected a town councillor. His eminent business abilities speedily marked him out as a man of more than ordinary service. In regard to the Railway Rates Bill especially he signalised himself, by inducing the council to take prominent action in regard to the question. In 1891 Mr. Llewellyn was elected mayor, and throughout his year of office he worthily carried out his duties, with dignity to himself, and to the complete satisfaction of his fellow-townsmen.

LEVI JAMES, FAMILY GROCER, &C.,
THE GENERAL SUPPLY STORES, 14, WINDSOR STREET, NEATH.

ALTHOUGH but recently opened, “The General Supply Stores,” No. 14, Windsor Street, has become one of the most popular emporiums in Neath for the supply of family groceries, tea, coffee, and provisions. Mr. Levi James has been very fortunate in securing the large and commodious premises, No. 14, Windsor Street. The spacious and handsome shop has a very imposing plate-glass frontage of fully twenty feet, and the interior is fitted up in a very superior style. The stock is very large and comprehensive, being replete with all the best features of the various lines engaged in, and thoroughly representative of the business in all its branches, embracing a most extensive assortment of general groceries, tea, coffee, fruits, spices, biscuits in great variety; a choice selection of Italian goods and table delicacies; provisions of all kinds; hams and bacon of prime quality; English, American, and Continental cheese; jams, jellies, pickles, sauces, and all the specialities of the leading manufacturers of comestibles. Mr. James is a very extensive and judicious buyer in the best markets, and is in a position to give his customers the benefit of all intermediate profits and exceptional advantages both in quality and price. Mr. James makes a special feature of Welsh produce, and is the largest retailer of real Welsh provisions in Neath and district. An efficient staff of salesmen and assistants is employed, and no effort is spared to meet the convenience of customers in the punctual execution of orders. Mr. Levi James is a well-known and popular man of business, and has won the confidence and respect of all classes of the community.

MRS. E. CHAPPLE, PASTRYCOOK AND CONFECTIONER,
21,GREEN STREET, NEATH.

THIS superior business was established at the above address in 1860, by Mr. John Chapple, who conducted it up to the time of his decease, which occurred in 1890. Since that time it has been carried, on by Mrs. Chapple. The premises occupied are not only commodious, but are also well adapted to the special requirements of the business. The shop has a large single plate-glass window. The whole of the interior is fitted up in a superior manner, its appearance being greatly enhanced by the scrupulous cleanliness maintained. The stock of pastry is replenished daily. It consists of numerous exquisite delicacies, mostly prepared from valuable recipes. The absolute purity of the ingredients, and the care expended upon the preparing, baking, &c., renders them as wholesome as they are acceptable. Several choice kinds of cake have gained for the establishment a high reputation. Fancy confectionery of every kind is well represented, all of the best quality. The leading speciality is the justly celebrated wedding-cake. This delicious compound has long been in almost universal request. The cakes can be made to any size on the shortest notice, and can be ornamented to any requirement. Pic-nic parties, balls, and supper parties are catered for on reasonable terms, entire satisfaction being invariably given. Cakes are made for tea parties and funeral parties. Not the least praiseworthy feature of tins complete and well-managed establishment is the courteous manner in which all customers are waited upon. Mrs. Chapple personally superintends the various operations, holding the entire regard of a substantial and influential clientele.

J. FEAR DAVIES, CABINETMAKER, UPHOLSTERER, UNDERTAKER, &C.,
OLD MARKET STREET, NEATH.

THE cabinetmakers’ craft, and the kindred operations of the upholsterer, undertaker and general house furnisher, find admirable representation in Neath at the hands of Mr. J. Fear Davies, who in the year 1872 acquired the thriving business which had been formed some twenty years previously by his father, Mr. Philip Davies. Eligibly located in the commanding corner position formed by the junction of Old Market Street and Church Place, abutting on the old parish church, the premises are in every point of character precisely adapted to the requirements of a very brisk business of the kind. They comprise a large and substantial four-floored building, the first three storeys of which are admirably appointed throughout in the best modern style. They contain a complete and comprehensive stock of modern furniture of every kind in suites and single pieces, from which selections can be made to suit the pockets of all classes of the community, the prices charged being in every instance based upon the lowest remunerative scale consistent with equitable trading. The topmost storey of the building is capitally equipped as a workshop, where a full staff of expert and experienced craftsmen operate in every branch of repairs and re-upholstery work, in the making of furniture of special designs, and in the production of complete funeral requisites as supplementary to Mr. Davies’s undertaking business. The trade connections of the house are of a highly influential character, and Mr. Davies is well known and respected for the deep interest he takes in both the social and commercial welfare of the district in which he dwells, and of the parish of which he is the esteemed churchwarden.

SAMUEL EVANS, FURNISHING AND GENERAL IRONMONGER,
NEW STREET, NEATH.

ORGANISED as far back as the year 1837 by a Mr. T. Andrew, this business was in 1878 acquired by the present able and energetic proprietor, Mr. S. Evans, who had gained his experience of the trade in assisting his predecessor. The commercial development of the concern has been continuous from the commencement. The premises occupied are in every point of character and situation well adapted to the requirements of the business transacted. They consist of a show-room, admirably appointed throughout in the best modern style, and most methodically arranged to hold and effectively display a complete and comprehensive stock of goods illustrative of every conceivable kind of household, furnishing, builders’, cabinetmakers’, and general ironmongery goods, the surplus stocks of which are carefully stored in the ware-rooms on the two upper floors, and the heavy goods in the basement below. A leading feature is made of colliery requirements, and ships’ stores are held in stock in order to meet urgent demands with promptitude and completeness. Mr. Evans is also the local agent for Nobel’s dynamite and blasting gelatine, and Strange’s A 1 crystal oil, articles that are in constant demand in the district. In every department of the business high-class quality is made a feature of special importance, to which the proprietor’s attention is particularly directed; and it is doubtless due to this fact that the house has become so widely popular, and that such an extensive and thriving business has been developed.

JOHN REES, CURRIER AND LEATHER MERCHANT,
OLD MARKET STREET, NEATH.

A VERY important branch of the industrial activity of Neath is well represented in the extensive establishment of Mr. John Rees, whose business was established as far back as the year 1862 by the present proprietor originally in Church Place, and removed to the more extensive and commodious premises now occupied. These comprise a spacious and well-appointed double shop, with large plate-glass windows. There is also extensive warehouse accommodation, a well-equipped workshop, and every convenience for the rapid despatch of business. A business of a similar character had been established by the late Mr. Rowland Thomas, an ex-Mayor of Neath, who was succeeded by Mr. Price, of Bridge End. It is interesting to note that Mr. Rees was for some fourteen years in the employ of the first-named gentleman, having served his apprenticeship with him, and afterwards rose to the position of manager, which he duly resigned on Mr. Thomas’s retirement from business. After being a short time manager for Mr. Price, be started on his own account. Mr. Rees gives employment to a large staff of experienced workmen, and a very large and comprehensive stock of leather of various kinds is held. Besides all materials for boots and shoes, belting, harness, hides, &c., he keeps in stock all goods accessary for the clogging trade, as well as grindery of all descriptions. Mr. Rees is a thoroughly practical man, and exercises in the management of his business that great care and sound judgment which are acquired only by long experience. He has a very extensive and old-established connection, which is well founded on the eminent reputation so long enjoyed, and the thorough confidence established by the well-known quality and character of all the goods dealt in. Mr. Rees has long taken an active interest in the welfare of his fellow-townsmen. He sat in the council for many years, and served the office of mayor in the municipal year 1887-1888. At the expiration of his term of office, however, his health gave way, and he did not seek re-election.

THE WINDSOR ENGINEERING COMPANY,
NEATH.

IN the year 1852 Messrs. Pole & Sons commenced business at Neath as engineers and brass and iron founders. After a highly successful career of thirty-five years they disposed of their enterprise in the year 1887 to the present proprietor, Mr. Oliver H. Thomas, who trades under the title of the “Windsor Engineering Company.” The premises comprise s foundry of substantial construction, no expense having been spared in the endeavour to secure efficiency, and the foundry is replete with every requisite for the production of all descriptions of brass and iron castings. In the fitting shop are the most elaborate arrangements for the service of this important department, where a large staff of skilled artisans is employed. The machinery includes turning lathes, drilling machines, punching and planing machines, and other necessary apparatus, the whole being driven by a horizontal engine of twenty horse-power. In the smiths' shops are four forges, while there is a commodious and well-fitted pattern-shop for the use of the foundry department. An extensive trade is carried on in every species of engineering work, in addition to the brass and iron castings already mentioned. Mr. Oliver H. Thomas is also a colliery proprietor and manufacturer of patent purified coke. He is also chairman of the Jersey Tin-plate Company, Limited.
The registered telegraphic address is “Windsor, Neath.”

H. STONE, IMPORTER OF WINES AND SPIRITS,
NEATH
(Telegrams: “Stone, Neath”).

THE importation and wholesale as well as retail distribution of wines and spirits of the most popular brands, and the most noted vintages and blends, throughout the vast area comprised by the southern Welsh counties of Glamorgan, Carmarthen, Pembroke, Cardigan, and Brecon, have since the year 1879 found admirable representation at the hands of Mr. H. Stone, merchant, of Neath. Mr. Stone’s headquarters comprise stores in High Street, and cellars beneath the Post Office. The ample accommodation afforded is very heavily stocked with an enormous quantity of the choicest of wines and spirits of every known variety in both wood and bottles, representing the outlay of a very large capital. In addition to these Mr. Stone has won a widespread and well-merited renown as the sole proprietor of the “Craig-y-Nos” Scotch whisky, and the “Kilnoman” Irish whisky, as the wholesale agent for South Wales for Messrs. John Dewar & Sons’ celebrated “Old Highland Whisky,” which has been awarded no less than twenty-two medals, and as agent for Messrs. Hiram Walker & Son’s “Canadian Club” whisky, Messrs. Bass, Allsopp, and Worthington’s Burton Ales, the Anglo-Bavarian Brewery Company, Shepton Mallet, and Mr. W. J. Rogers’s Bristol ales, and Messrs. Guinness & Co.’s Dublin stout. Mr. Stone’s reputation has been entirely built up by constant and conscientious catering to the needs and requirements of an essentially superior clientele, and his house stands high in the estimation of a widespread and influential trade and family connection, by reason of the sound principles and honourable methods which have always characterised its business transactions, and it is manifestly his resolution that the high reputation he has won shall not only be well sustained, but steadily enhanced and consistently developed in days to come.

MATTHEW WHITTINGTON, AUCTIONEER, ACCOUNTANT, VALUER, AND GENERAL AGENT,
3, LONDON ROAD, NEATH.

MR. WHITTINGTON entered upon his present prosperous career in the year 1884, by opening his business in the Post Office Chambers. Five years, however, had scarcely elapsed before Mr. Whittington found it necessary to make considerable extensions in order to keep pace with his rapidly expanding undertaking, and he accordingly entered upon his present quarters. The premises occupied are precisely adapted to the requirements of the very brisk business transacted. Auctions of all descriptions of goods, furniture, household effects, merchandise, farm stock, &c., are regularly conducted, and every sale so announced under the auspices of Mr. Whittington’s name is assured of a goodly concourse of buyers. Accountant’s and auditing work, all classes of land and estate agency business, the valuation of property and effects, general commission work, and insurance agency business for the Railway Passengers, and Northern Accident Insurance Company, and Imperial Life and Fire Insurance Company, and the Scottish Equitable Life Office, are all undertaken by Mr. Whittington with credit to himself and the undoubted advantage of his numerous clients.

A. SIDNEY GARDNER, EAGLESBUSH FOUNDRY AND FORGES,
NEATH.

THE Eaglesbush Foundry and Forgos were established about the year 1838 by the late Mr. Sankey Gardner, of Neath, and were successfully worked by him for forty-five years. Upon his death in 1883 the property passed into the hands of its present holder, Mr. A. Sidney Gardner, an active and energetic man of business. Mr. Sidney Gardner finds time to devote to public interests. He is a Guardian of the Poor for the Neath Union, chairman of the Rural Sanitary Authority, and a member of the Highway Board. By way of recreation he fills the arduous position of Major commanding the 5th Company, 1st Glamorgan Volunteer Artillery. The Eaglesbush’ Foundry embraces various buildings incidental to the working of iron and brass, and the execution of orders for castings of all classes. The engineers’ shops are fitted with the newest appliances and machinery, inclusive of lathes, drilling and punching machines, &c., while in the smiths’ shop are three forges and all the usual requisites. There is a large forge-hammer, worked by hydraulic power, and employed in the production of hammered metal of all descriptions. The usual pattern and templet making shops are provided, also general offices. The output of the foundry is almost entirely utilised by the collieries and works throughout the South Welsh manufacturing districts.
The telegraphic address is “Gardner, Neath.”

PHILIP T. COUCH, GENERAL IRONMONGER, OIL AND COLOUR AND IRON MERCHANT,
WIND STREET, NEATH.

DATING back in its foundation to the year 1820, this extensive business was then established by Messrs. Morgan & Gardner, and carried on by them for a considerable number of years, and when Mr. Morgan retired, the business was carried on by Mr. Gardner, and passed into the hands of the present proprietor in 1880, Mr. Couch having for twenty years previously managed the business for Mr. Gardner. The premises in Wind Street (which are the largest in the town) comprise a large and commodious double shop, admirably appointed and well arranged for the display, sale, and storage of the large and varied stock. To the rear of this are two large warehouses (which also have an entrance from Water Street), chiefly devoted to heavy iron goods. The premises are well and completely stocked throughout with general ironmongery suitable for domestic and tradesmen’s use, hardware of every description, table and pocket cutlery, electro-plated goods, fire and burglar proof safes, register and other grates, kitchen ranges, rain-water goods, gas, water, and steam tubing, and every description of rod and bar iron, galvanised tanks, bolts, and nuts, nails, galvanised corrugated and other sheet iron, wire netting and fencing, and a large assortment of paints, oils, colours, , and rope, &c., &c. The whole of the stock, of which the above are but a few of the leading lines, is selected from the best sources. Mr. Couch is an extensive and judicious buyer, and, dealing direct with the manufacturer, he is enabled to give his customers the benefit of all intermediate profits and exceptional advantages in quality and price. The trade is widespread, the wholesale and retail branches operating extensively in all parts of the town and country. Mr. Philip T. Couch is well known and highly respected in Neath, and conducts his extensive business in that true spirit of commercial enterprise which makes the interests of his customers a consideration of the very first importance. He has received very great assistance from his son, Mr. W. L. Couch, who has been in this business over eighteen years, and now takes an active part in its management.

T. J. OSBORNE, THE GOLDEN KEY TEA WAREHOUSE,
MARKET STREET, NEATH.

THE history of the business dates back to its foundation in 1865 by the present proprietor, who has, during this lengthened period, succeeded in developing a substantial and progressive trade. The premises occupied comprise handsome and commodious double-fronted shop, fitted throughout in modern style, and combining every convenience for the display of the goods and the efficient working of the several departments of the business. The stocks held have been selected with great care from the best sources of supply, and embrace a choice assortment of the finest blends of new season’s teas, coffees, spices, and general groceries, and a range of Italian warehouse goods and provisions, including every description of English, American, and Continental produce of the most superior brands. An extensive and influential family trade is in operation at this establishment. Mr. Osborne, by specially catering for the requirements of all classes of the general public, has secured the confidence and support of every section of the inhabitants of the neighbourhood. An adequate staff of assistants is employed in the various departments of the business, under the personal supervision of the principal, whose thoroughly practical knowledge of the trade ensures the efficiency of the management, and has contributed in no small degree to the success achieved by this old-established and deservedly popular concern. A branch business is also in operation at 32, Church Street, Briton Ferry, which is conducted on similar lines to the head establishment, and now forms the centre of & steadily increasing and improving local trade.

A. FURTWANGLER, WATCHMAKER, JEWELLER, &C.,
24, GREEN STREET, NEATH.

THIS extensive business was established in 1881 by Messrs. Grieslaber & Co, and was taken over in 1888 by the present proprietor. The establishment occupies an excellent position in Green Street, the spacious and handsome shop is fitted up in a very superior style, and the large and valuable stock embraces a most-extensive assortment of gold and silver watches by the most noted makers. Clocks and timepieces of the best English and Continental manufacture, a choice assortment of diamond and signet rings, brooches, necklets, lockets, earrings, watch-chains and alberts, and a splendid display of silver and electro-plated goods of exquisite workmanship and refined beauty. The entire stock is of exceptional quality and of the very best manufacture. Mr. Furtwangler is a very extensive and judicious buyer, and is consequently enabled to give his clients exceptional advantages. He is also the agent for the “Dorcas” thimble, a very popular article and quite unequalled for durability. Mr. Furtwangler possesses the advantage of long practical experience, and by his spirited enterprise, genial courtesy, and considerate attention to the requirements of his patrons he has secured the confidence and support of a very extensive and high-class connection.

CHARLES HUTCHINS, CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST,
3, QUEEN STREET, NEATH.

THIS extensive business was established by the present proprietor in 1855, originally in Wind Street, and removed to the more extensive and commodious premises now occupied in 1886. Here the fine plate-glass windows are well and tastefully arranged, and present all the interesting characteristics of a high-class pharmacy. The interior is well stocked with drugs and chemicals of well-attested purity, all the best-known patent medicines and proprietary articles, surgical appliances of all kinds, hospital and sick-room requirements; also a choice selection of perfumes and fancy soaps, sponges, brushes, and toilet requisites of every description. In the dispensing department physicians’ prescriptions are accurately compounded, and family recipes carefully prepared, the best and purest drugs and chemicals only being used. Amongst the specialities of the house may be mentioned Hutchins’s “Compound Balsam of Liquorice,” which is guaranteed to contain an ingredient possessed by no other cough mixture in the world. Its relieving effects are as immediate as its curative powers are certain. It is an unfailing and natural remedy, as palatable as its power is potent. Mr. Charles Hutchins is well known and highly esteemed for his long and honourable connection with this town; he enjoys the confidence and recommendation of the leading medical gentlemen, and the patronage and support of a very extensive and valuable connection.

BRITON FERRY.

THE VILLIERS TIN-PLATE COMPANY, LIMITED,
VICTORIA TIN-PLATE WORKS, BRITON FERRY.

THE Villiers Tin-plate Company, Limited, was founded in 1889, and started under the favourable auspices of an influential directorate, comprising W. P. Struve, Esq., J.P. (chairman), G. H. Davey, Esq., J.P., H. F. Taylor, Esq;, D. T. Sims, Esq., and M. G. Roberts, Esq. Mr. W. H. Harris fills the office of secretary and manager with thorough efficiency. Enterprisingly administered, and fortunate in the possession of skilful executive officers and ample resources, it is not surprising that this concern has advanced into the front rank of the trade. The works at Briton Ferry are new and substantially built upon the best lines for their purpose, and the plant they contain (comprising six mills and eight pairs of cold rolls, with all accessories) is of the most improved and effective modern type. The fact that most of the directors are well known as practical engineers is sufficient to guarantee the perfect organisation of the establishment in all its departments. The Company’s productions in tin and terne plates are highly esteemed, and the several brands are as follows:— “Osterley” (Crown), extra-coated charcoal; “Albert,” best charcoal; “H.J.D.,” charcoal; “B.F.,” best coke; “Sims,” best charcoal; “W.P.S.,” best coke. Also in terne-plates — “Warren,” old style; “H.F.T.,” dull charcoal; and “M.G.R.,” bright charcoal. The “Osterley,” “Albert,” “H.J.D.,” and “B.F.” brands of tin-plates are made only of specially selected best soft Siemens-Martin steel. The “Sims,” “Davey,” and “W.P.S.” brands are made of the best selected Bessemer steel. All the tetne-plates are made of the best-selected soft Siemens-Martin steel. In all cases the Company use the best and most reliable materials, and turn out a class of plates that cannot be surpassed for quality and finish by any others in the market. An immense trade is controlled, which is steadily increasing, and the Company have agents in all parts of the world. Their tin, terne, and black plates are exported to all the chief markets abroad, besides being widely distributed in the home trade. Upwards of four hundred hands are employed at the Victoria Tin-plate Works, and the establishment is capable of turning out about four thousand boxes of plates per week.
Telegraphic address: “ Osterley, Briton Ferry.”

THE JERSEY TIN-PLATE COMPANY, LIMITED,
BRITON FERRY, GLAMORGANSHIRE.

THIS Company was incorporated so recently as 1891, and as its experienced executive had an ample supply of capital for the equipment of all the industrial departments, they represent all that mechanical skill has hitherto been able to effect in economising time and labour. The board of directors is an especially strong one, having Mr. Oliver H. Thomas as chairman, while Mr. E. W. Evans is the managing director. The other directors are Messrs. James Griffiths, Evan Jones, Richard Gill, and Thomas Francis. The premises, which are most conveniently situated on the banks of the River Neath, cover a large area of ground, and include three mills and four pairs of cold rolls, with a tin-house and six sets of tinning machines. The separate sheds, which give accommodation to these appliances, are each of large dimensions, and are most substantially built. There are also extensive fitting shops, provided with lathes and drilling and cutting machines, all of the most approved modern type. One of the lathes in this department is of special design, and as a piece of metal-working machinery, can scarcely be equalled in the district. The carpenters’ and smiths’ shops are equally well equipped. The situation of the works, so far as regards their facilities for locomotion, is a peculiarly happy one. Advantage has been taken of the riverside situation to erect a commodious wharf, and this is so close to the sorting-room that one man will be able to put in upwards of twenty-five tons between tides, and the Great Western Railway trucks run within two hundred yards of the works, with tram sidings into the premises.

The productions of the Company consist of large quantities of first-class steel tin-plates and terne-plates, the output of which reaches the high figure of about sixteen hundred boxes weekly. These goods, for the most part, reach their ultimate destinations in foreign ports through Swansea. At the present time about a hundred and thirty hands, many of whom are experts of the highest technical skill, are employed. When the third mill is in working order the number of hands will be increased to a hundred and ninety. The suite of general and private offices is well appointed, and provided with all requisites. The registered telegraphic address is, “Nidum, Briton Ferry.” Already the brands of the Company are well known in the markets of the world, and are everywhere recognised as guaranteeing standard qualities. They are as follows:— RAY (Siemens steel, second charcoal); EWE (Siemens coke); CRUX (Bessemer coke); GIANT (Siemens charcoal terne). It required only the recent improvement in the prospects of the American market with reference to tariffs to ensure a highly prosperous future for the Jersey Tin-plate Company, Limited.

TAYLOR, STRUVE, EATON & PRICE, GENERAL ENGINEERS, IRON AND BRASS FOUNDERS,
BRITON FERRY FOUNDRY, BRITON FERRY.

THE large works and foundry of the above-named firm constitute one of the most important industrial institutions of Briton Ferry. Messrs. Taylor, Struve, Eaton & Price, who also control the Vale of Neath Engineering Works at Neath, carry on a very large system of operations as general engineers, and iron and brass founders. The business is one of long establishment, and was originally in the hands of Messrs. William Davies & Son. In 1882 it was acquired by the present firm, and since then its scope has been considerably enlarged and its connection much increased. The works at Briton Ferry are of large extent, and include specially equipped shops for the manufacture of wrought-iron annealing pots for tin-plate works. It may be said that the speciality of the Briton Ferry establishment consists in all requirements for tin-plate manufacturers, including engines, mills, chilled rolls, tinning machines, pickling machines, and the wrought-iron annealing pots above mentioned. Other manufactures for which this firm have a high reputation embrace colliery plant, pumps, winding machinery, brick machinery for silica, and also for ganister and ordinary fire bricks; steam-engines and all kinds of general engineering work; castings in iron, brass, and phosphor bronze; air-compressing machinery, &c., &c. They are sole makers of Taylor’s and Struve’s patent tinning machine, and are also sole licensors of the same. Machinery, castings, and general plant for copper works also come within the range of this enterprising firm, and Messrs. Taylor, Struve, Eaton & Price send their productions in this department to the Cape and to Newfoundland, besides supplying local copper-works. Their excellent tin-works plant and appliances are largely in use throughout South Wales, and also in Staffordshire, and are sent in considerable quantities to the Continent, as well as of late to the United States.

The works at Briton Ferry cover two acres of ground, employ nearly one hundred hands, and have excellent facilities of transport, sidings connecting them with the Great Western Railway and with Briton Ferry Dock. The Vale of Neath Engineering Works date from 1876, when they were founded by Mr. H. F. Taylor. They have been in the hands of Messrs.; Taylor, Struve, Eaton & Price since 1882. These works are large and admirably equipped and form a valuable factor in the industrial resources of the firm. Their special productions embrace tin-works plant, colliery plant, and the several items of brick machinery, general engineering, castings, &c., to which reference has already been made. The business of this well-known and highly esteemed firm is conducted with conspicuous ability and enterprise, under the personal direction of the principals, and is supported by an influential and steadily increasing connection. Its success has been thoroughly well earned, and its further progress will be watched with interest in a neighbourhood where Messrs. Taylor, Struve, Eaton & Price have gained many friends by their honourable and business-like methods.
Telegrams should be addressed: “Struve,” Briton Ferry or Neath.

THE BRITON FERRY STEEL COMPANY, LIMITED,
BRITON KERRY, GLAMORGANSHIRE.

THE works of the Briton Perry Steel Company, Limited, are a conspicuous feature, and travellers by the Great Western Railway detect, while still many miles distant, the tall shafts, of one hundred and sixty-one, one hundred and forty, and one hundred and ten feet respectively, from which night and day are emitted volumes of smoke and vapour indicative of the busy, unceasing labours of the human hive clustered at their base. The initiation of the business owes its origin to Mr. H. Eccles, F.C.S., and Mr. F. F. Card, the present managing directors, who in 1889 invited the co-operation of such well-known local men as Mr. W. Bevan (chairman), who is also chairman of the Ashburnham Tin-plate Company, and director of several other important local industries, Mr. Isaiah Bevan and Mr. Lewis Jenkins, chairman of the Bay Tin-plate Company. The business is still in its infancy, and has from the first commanded brilliant success. The site chosen comprises five acres of land bordered on both flanks by the Great Western Railway sidings, is admirably served by its own private wharf on the River Neath, and in close proximity to the Docks. The works consist of Siemens-Martin steel-producing plant, viz., five thirty-ton melting furnaces, gas re-heating furnaces, a reversing rolling-mill driven by a handsome horizontal reversing engine of twenty-five hundred horse-power, by Galloway, of Manchester, together with four boilers (thirty feet by eight by six), supplied by the well-known firms of Tinker Brothers, of Manchester, and Thompson, Wolverhampton, names to conjure with in the engineering world. The works contain fitting shops, all the machinery in which is driven by steam-power, smiths’ shop, with three forges, &c., carpenters’ shop, and stores, the whole being lighted throughout by electricity, including both arc and incandescent lamps. The steel bars produced by the works are used principally in the South Wales tin-plate industry, and an average weekly output of a thousand tons is obtained when the whole plant is in full operation.
The Company’s registered telegraphic address is “Ingot, Briton Ferry,” and the telephone is in constant requisition on the works.

THE BAGLAN BAY TIN-PLATE COMPANY, LIMITED,
BRITON FERRY, GLAMORGANSHIRE.

THE premises of the Baglan Bay Company can show marvels of modern ingenuity in the arrangement and fitting of mills and machinery, and thus compensate for the lack of antiquity, the works haring been only two years in active existence. The total area of about four acres is covered by various mills and other substantial buildings, the whole of the edifices being surrounded by yards, traversed in all directions by private sidings, and directly connected with the Great Western Railway on the one hand and the Docks on the other. Three large rolling mills occupy a prominent site, with the usual complement of cold rolls, and the necessary pickling and annealing departments, with tin-house equipped with all the latest requisites. The whole of the machinery is of the most modern kind, and is of extreme value, the directors having wisely determined to spare no expense in their preliminary outlay. The necessary motive power is communicated to the mills by a vertical engine of four hundred indicated horse-power. There are also several engines of smaller size for various purposes. The buildings occupied by the mills and cold rolls have a dimension of one hundred and fifty feet by sixty, the pickling and annealing houses ninety by fifty, and the tin-house and sorting-room one hundred and ten by fifty. The workshops consist of elaborately equipped fitting department, whose lathes and other machines are driven by steam-power; also smiths’ shop, with two forges and that essential adjunct — a carpenter’s shop. The tinplates manufactured by this Company are of the very finest quality, and only the best kinds of Bessemer and Siemens steel are used in their production. The Company’s brands are:— Bessemer: BAY (coke), MOR (charcoal); Siemens: RHYD (coke), SAWEL (charcoal). The plates are used largely for home consumption, and are exported to all parts of the world.
Telegrams should be addressed: “Bay, Briton Ferry.”
The directors are Mr. Lewis Jenkins (chairman), Mr. Jenkin Hill, C.C., Mr. John Jones, Mr. R. Williams, and Mr. William Morris, who is also the able and indefatigable manager.

THE JERSEY COAL AND BRICK COMPANY,
BRITON FERRY, SOUTH WALES.

FORMERLY worked as a colliery by Messrs. Price, of Neath Abbey, this estate was acquired by the present proprietors in 1882. Situate near the well-known Vernon Works, at the busy manufacturing town and seaport of Briton Ferry, the position is admirably suited to the nature of the occupation undertaken. With a view to the proper treatment of the clay found upon the estate its proprietor has established an extensive level for its working, and has erected mills of the most approved modern type. A staff of experienced hands is employed upon the works, and, in order to keep pace with the exigencies of the trade, four large kilns are in use. From the kilns the bricks are drawn for prompt despatch to the neighbouring town, and also in large quantities to Swansea and the surrounding district, where the best quality of firebricks are in unfailing demand for the hundreds of furnaces with which the face of this busy country is covered. The establishment is, in its way, complete, the smiths’ shop, with its forge, &c., the offices, and other buildings being all that the most exacting business man could wish for.

ARTHUR WILLIAMS, DRAPER AND MILLINER,
41, VILLIERS STREET, BRITON FERRY.

PROJECTED in the year 1872 by Mr. W. D. Jones, this prosperous drapery and millinery establishment was acquired by his nephew, the present able and energetic proprietor, who, with a staff of about twenty competent hands in the various departments, caters most successfully to the needs and requirements of a very large and desirable local and district patronage. The premises occupied comprise a spacious emporium extending for a distance of fully sixty feet to the rear, where it terminates in a huge mirror, which greatly enhances the ensemble of the attractively arranged shop. On the first floor there are two elegantly-appointed show-rooms for the display of the latest London and Paris fashions in millinery and for mantles and jackets up to date, in cloth, velvet, furs, &c., the work-room in connection with these leading lines of the business being presided over by an accomplished modiste. General every-day, household, and fancy drapery goods of all kinds illustrative of the latest fashionable novelties, are prominently en evidence, and everywhere there are evidences of the care and attention bestowed by the proprietor in arranging for the reception, prompt service, and general convenience of his numerous patrons. The house develops in all its resources and operations under Mr. Williams’s careful yet always energetic and enterprising management, and a very large trade of a middle-class character is done, the firm’s valuable connections extending throughout the town and its districts for many miles around.

W. D. JONES & CO., GENERAL OUTFITTERS AND CLOTHIERS,
39, VILLIERS STREET, BRITON FERRY.

THIS well-known house was organised by Mr. W. D. Jones in the year 1872, since which time the commercial development of the concern has been both rapid and continuous. Eligibly located in one of the principal business thoroughfares of the town, the spacious double-fronted premises are admirably adapted throughout in the best modern style, and display to advantage a complete and comprehensive stock of superior goods illustrative of gentlemen’s, boys’, and juvenile suits and single garments of every kind and for all occasions, hats and caps by all the leading manufacturers of the day, men’s mercery of all kinds, and the numerous items incidental to a thoroughly typical outfitting depot. A large reserve stock of seasonable goods is held in readiness in the commodious ware-rooms above the shop, and the entire business is conducted in a manner which has won for Mr. Jones the full confidence and liberal support of the best families resident in the town and its populous rural districts for many miles around, and it is manifestly Mr. Jones’s resolution that the high reputation he has won shall not only be well sustained, but steadily enhanced in time to come.

PORT TALBOT.

D. R. DAVID & CO., TAIBACH TIN-PLATE WORKS,
PORT TALBOT, GLAMORGANSHIRE.

THE above important industry, which gives employment to a large number of experienced workmen, was established in 1879 by Mr. D. R. David and Mr. Llewellyn Howell, both of whom possess a thorough knowledge of the requirements of the trade. The premises comprise four tin-mills, equipped with all the requisite machinery of the most approved modern type, driven by two powerful steam-engines of recent construction. They occupy in all about three acres of land, with about ten additional acres of tipping ground. The position of the works is an exceptionally favourable one for the purpose of the transport of their heavy output. They are the nearest to the Port Talbot station of the Great Western Railway, and also to the Port Talbot Harbour, to which the works are directly connected by the rails of the Port Talbot Harbour. Thence the tin-plates produced at the Taibach Works are forwarded to Liverpool by a regular line of steamships, leaving weekly, and sometimes more frequently. The goods of the firm are also sent to Swansea for direct shipment to the United States by the ocean liners. This outlet for the tin plates of South Wales is likely to regain its former importance as a result of the probable change in the fiscal policy of the United States Government. A large portion of the output of the Taibach Works also finds its way to London, Birmingham, and other English towns.

The brands of the firm are well known in the markets of the world, and are everywhere regarded as a guarantee of excellence. Within the premises is the suite of well-appointed general and private offices, which are furnished with every requisite for the prompt despatch of the considerable amount of clerical work necessitated by the magnitude of the firm’s operations at home and abroad. The registered telegraphic address is “David, Port Talbot.” The works are under the personal supervision of the senior partner, Mr. D. R. David, who occupies a leading social position in the county. He is a Justice of the Peace for Glamorganshire, and holds the rank of major in the 2nd Volunteer Battalion of the Welsh Regiment. The junior partner, Mr. Llewellyn Howell, is one of the best-known authorities on the technical questions connected with the tin-plate trade of the district.

JOHN DAVIES, ABERAVON STEAM SAW MILLS,
PORT TALBOT.

THIS energetically conducted business was founded in 1877, so that its history has been coincident with the great development of the industry already referred to. The premises, which are known as the Aberavon Steam Saw Mills, cover a very large area, and are stocked to repletion with English and foreign timber of the best description, and with slates, bricks, tiles, drain pipes, firebricks, and other building materials of the best quality. The saw-mill itself is a fine building, some eighty feet in length, and is equipped with circular and rack saws, driven by a horizontal engine of twenty-five horse-power. Above the saw-mill is a large joinery department, equipped with six benches and all the necessary appliances. Here there is a second circular saw, used for tenoning purposes. The store-houses for the timber are arranged in accordance with the most approved system, and a very heavy stock of sawn timber, matchboards, skirting, &c., is always being seasoned. Above the offices is a spacious show-room for the display of chimney-pieces, plaster centrepieces, and other decorative appliances. There are also well-built stables for the large establishment of horses and wagons used in the business. The vast extent of his operations and his intimate relations with leading wholesale houses and manufacturers enable Mr. Davies to supply his goods at exceptionally low rates, and that this fact is recognised throughout the trade, his ever-increasing volume of business abundantly testifies.

Referring to Mr. Davies’s connection with the development of Port Talbot, it is interesting to point out a few of the works which have been executed by him, amongst which may be mentioned the Public Hall, the Unsectarian Schools, several of the tin plate works, &c., &c. To him also was entrusted the carrying out of the extensive drainage system for the whole of the Port Talbot district, as well as the water supply and drainage works for Penycae, and he has just completed the water supply and drainage works at Groes and Cwmbrombill, Margam. Mr. Davies had a long connection with municipal matters as a member of the Aberavon Town Council for about twelve years, and in 1887 and 1888 presided over that body as mayor. The exigencies of his business then compelled him to retire from active public life.

MERTHYR TYDFIL.

”THE MERTHYR EXPRESS”
PROPRIETOR: MR. H. W. SOUTHEY,
HIGH STREET, MERTHYR TYDFIL

THE history of the “Merthyr Express” is, in effect, a microcosm of the records of South Wales during the last quarter of a century and more. It has been in active existence throughout the whole of the eventful period during which the great iron and coal industries of Glamorganshire have risen to the highest rank in economic importance. In every branch of this great movement the “Merthyr Express” has been energetically interested; and by the enterprising and judicious management of the proprietor, Mr. H. W. Southey, the “Express” has, throughout all these changes, held its position as an influential leader of public opinion. The paper was originally founded in 1864, by a limited liability company, with Mr. W. H. Harrison, formerly of the staff of the “Cambria Daily Leader,” as manager. This gentleman was succeeded in the management by Mr. H. W. Southey, in the month of March, 1865, and, shortly afterwards, the business was sold to Mr. David Morgan, one of the directors of the company, Mr. Southey continuing in the management. In 1868 the success of the paper necessitated larger offices, and the present premises, opposite to St. David’s Church, in the High Street, were acquired, and a new office built at the back thereof, with entrance from Post Office Lane. In 1869 Mr. Southey acquired a half-share in the property, which, under his enlightened management, increased rapidly in value. In 1874 he bought the other half-share, and so became sole proprietor.

The “Merthyr Express” was at first a four-paged Times-size newspaper. Mr. Morgan enlarged the pages immediately after he acquired the concern, and when it became the sole property of Mr. Southey, another bold step was taken by its conversion into an eight-paged newspaper, the price remaining the same. As the career of the paper continued to be proportionately prosperous, additional space had to be provided for news and advertisements, and in 1884 the pages were lengthened. Before two years, however, had elapsed it became necessary to add yet another column to the page, which involved the laying down of a new Wharfedale machine, by Messrs. D. Payne & Sons, to print the larger formes. With this extension the enterprising proprietor experienced a further increase of sales, the paper went further afield, new advertisers came to know its value as a medium for their business announcements, and supplements became a common feature of the weekly issue. To obviate the inconvenience of these latter, in 1890 yet another enlargement was decided upon. The pages were lengthened at the same time that an eighth column was added to the seven previously existing, the full sheet being thus one of the largest produced by any weekly local newspaper in the country. To meet the demands of the occasion, a No. 4 two-feeder machine was laid down by the well-known Otley firm of Messrs. D. Payne & Sons, together with a new folder of corresponding size.

The “Merthyr Express” has the leading position of all newspapers in the densely populated coal and iron district of which Merthyr Tydfil is the centre. Its regular circulation is eleven thousand copies, and is constantly increasing. The continuity of editorial and commercial management, in the same hands for twenty-eight years, has had a vital influence in promoting the success of this popular and well-established newspaper. Its politics are Liberal, of an advanced type. In connection with the newspaper there is a valuable printing and bookbinding business, and the front portion of the premises, which were entirely rebuilt in 1880, contains a shop, used for a commercial stationery business, on the ground floor, with editorial and other offices behind and above, and bookbinding and machine-ruling departments on the upper floors. The printing: offices at the rear consist of three-storey and two-storey buildings. The- plant is all of the most approved modern description, the machinery being driven by two of Crossley’s Otto gas-engines.

GILES & HARRAP, BREWERS, WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS,
THE BREWERY, MERTHYR TYDFIL.

THE large brewing business carried on by the above firm has a history dating back over a century. For many years past it has been very successfully conducted under its present title, and enjoys the advantage of most capable management. The premises occupied are of more than ordinary extent, having a frontage of two hundred and fifty feet, and comprising a fine, substantial block of stone buildings, covering an area of about two acres of ground. The brewery is admirably equipped with machinery of a highly efficient description, affording facilities for a large output, and there is an abundant supply of water, of a quality specially suitable for brewing purposes, derived from an artesian well three hundred and thirty-six feet deep. Storage accommodation of a superior character is afforded by the extensive and well-arranged cellars of the establishment; and in addition to this there are spacious spirit stores, in one of which there are large casks, each containing two hundred gallons, besides many other hogsheads and casks of the best brands. Another store-room affords space for a valuable stock of wines and spirits in the case; and it may be mentioned that the firm have bonded stores at Bristol, London, Cork, Belfast and Greenock, at all of which places they hold considerable stocks of wines and spirits. Bottling stores, coopers' shops, smiths’ shops, and extensive stabling and cart-sheds complete the large premises at Merthyr, and make up one of the best-organised establishments of the kind in the county. As brewers, Messrs. Giles & Harrap have an excellent reputation for their high-class mild and bitter ales, and for their fine quality of stout. The firm are also well known as wine and spirit merchants, and supply very carefully selected and reliable goods in this department, their list of foreign wines, whiskies, brandies, liqueurs, &c., being thoroughly representative. The trade in its entirety is a large and flourishing one, and the house is well and favourably known to a wide and valuable connection in all parts of South Wales and the West of England.

DAVID WILLIAMS & CO., THE TAFF VALE BREWERY,
MERTHYR TYDFIL.

THIS notable concern was founded upwards of half a century ago by Mr. Thomas Evans, and was acquired, in 1867, by Mr. David Williams, who, in 1883, took into partnership his nephew, Mr. William Griffiths. Mr. Williams and Mr. Griffiths still constitute the personnel of the firm, and trade very successfully under the above title. The business is one of great magnitude, and its chief feature consists in the distribution of the fine ales and beers produced at the Taff Vale Brewery. These have an excellent reputation, and are in large and steady demand in Merthyr Tydfil and the surrounding districts. Both in light malts, strong beers, and double stout the firm under notice have gained celebrity, and no finer goods are produced at any brewery in Wales. The Taff Vale Brewery is admirably equipped with a large plant of the best machinery and appliances, and the industry is carried on under the most favourable conditions. The firm are also owners of large bonded stores at the Taff Vale Railway Station. These are the only bonded stores nearer than Cardiff and Swansea, and they always contain very extensive stocks, for Messrs. David Williams & Co. are among the leading Welsh firms of wine and spirit merchants. They are especially large holders of the finest old Scotch and Irish whiskies, and always have in stock quantities of very choice brandy and port and other wines. This department of the business has been developed upon a scale of considerable magnitude, and, combined with the brewing department, places the firm in control of an immense trade, with widespread and influential connections in all parts of South Wales. The principals both take an active part in the management, and are much esteemed in the district.

Mr. David Williams, who is one of the most popular men in Merthyr, has been three times in succession High Constable of the town, and established the Merthyr Coffee Tavern Company, of which he is chairman. He is also a member of the Board of Health and of the Board of Guardians. He resides now at Henstaff Court, near Llantrissant. Mr. William Griffiths is president of the Merthyr, Dowlais and District Licensed Victuallers' Association, and he was one of the founders of the Cardiff Malting Company. We must not omit to mention that Messrs. David Williams & Co. gained a prize medal for their ales at the National Brewers’ Exhibition, London, 1890, a fact which proves that the products of the Taff Vale Brewery possess qualities that commend them to more than local approval.

WILLIAM POOL’S TURKISH BATHS,
LOWER HIGH STREET, MERTHYR TYDFIL.

THE custom of bathing is of the highest antiquity. Every civilisation of the ancient world made a feature of the bath. As long ago as the days of Homer the warm bath was in general use, and among the ancient Romans the thermae, or public baths, were held in the highest estimation. Healthy persons are those who have the cleanest and purest skins. The very best kind of bathing that can be employed is that known as the Turkish or hot-air bath. Merthyr is well provided in this respect in that excellent institution known as Pool’s Turkish Baths, situated in Lower High Street, near the Taff Vale Station. These baths were established over twenty-five years ago, and were formerly owned by a limited company, and passed into the hands of the present proprietor in 1889. They consist of a series of rooms, which have recently been renovated throughout, and are now heated and ventilated on the most scientific and approved principles, with a degree of perfection and comfort unsurpassed by any baths in Wales. The superiority of the heating and ventilating arrangements can be proved the fact that persons can sit in a temperature of two hundred and twenty degrees for twenty to thirty minutes without the least discomfort or organic disturbance. Shampooing, massage, and all other forms of treatment are skilfully carried out by an experienced attendant, and coffee and cigars may be enjoyed on returning to the cooling chamber.

The Turkish Baths are open to gentlemen every day except Tuesdays, from 9 a.m. to 9 30 p.m., and ladies’ baths on Tuesdays only, from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. There is a large swimming bath, which is the headquarters of the Merthyr Swimming Club. This is open at 6 a.m., and closed at 9.30 p.m. The baths are admirably managed, and well patronised by all classes in Merthyr. The prices charged are strictly moderate. It cannot be too strongly impressed upon the public that, in all probability, could we but ascertain the truth, that more than half the premature deaths among us are due to skin affections, which remain invisible, because their evil effects are all inward. The healthy man breathes as it were through every pore, but those who are not careful of their skins remain all their days in a semi-congested state, all the worse because unguessed. All this may be averted by the use of the Turkish bath, which is a luxury, a comfort, and a certain health- giving agency.

THOMAS THOMAS & SONS, FURNISHING AND GENERAL IRONMONGERS, PLUMBERS, TIN-PLATE AND ZINC WORKERS, BELL-HANGERS, LOCKSMITHS, AND BRAZIERS,
130, HIGH STREET, MERTHYR.

OPERATIONS were originally commenced in 1850 at No. 132, High Street, the present premises being occupied about four years ago. The premises consist of an extensive four-storey building, and comprise a spacious shop, seventy feet in depth, and having a frontage of twenty feet, thoroughly fitted up with every requirement and convenience for the business. The shop is stocked with a fine assortment of general ironmongery, tools for every trade, locks and keys, nails, screws, and various domestic appliances, as well as electro-plate and cutlery from the best-known makers. The show-room, above the shop, is of the same size, and contains a splendid display of marble and other mantelpieces, grates, ranges, and many novel designs in gasfittings and chandeliers. The basement is filled with heavy goods, and the second floor is occupied by a well-assorted store of every description of hollow-ware. The various departments are connected by a lift, and, generally speaking, throughout the whole establishment the greatest conveniences and facilities are possessed. These goods have been obtained from the best sources of supply, and everything vended here can be accepted as of the best quality and latest make. A number of skilled workmen are kept constantly employed, and every description of plumbing and tin-plate and zinc work is undertaken and carried out in a prompt and thoroughly satisfactory manner. Bell-hanging of every kind is done, and the house has always on hand an ample supply of oils, paints, and colours. The connection acquired during the firm’s long and prosperous career is widespread and valuable, and a branch establishment has been opened at Cardiff for the better control of the business.

Mr. Thomas is the senior partner in the celebrated firm of Messrs. Thomas Thomas & Sons, of the Acme Hoist Works, Cardiff, with London offices at 141, Queen Victoria Street. The firm have obtained a world-wide reputation for their “Safety Self-sustaining” hoisting machinery, which they have been manufacturing for many years. Experienced workmen are employed, and only the best material that has been well tested is used. Reliance can be placed upon goods emanating from Messrs. Thomas & Sons, their position in the trade guaranteeing efficient and durable work. Every description of lift, elevator, winch, and hand-crane is manufactured. The lifts require no brake-rope; an endless rope only is used for raising and lowering. The cage cannot run down nor up of itself, but it can be brought to a standstill at any moment without the slightest shock, and the lifts are perfectly noiseless. The following kinds of hand-power lifts are made by this firm:— single and double dinner lifts, luggage and coal lifts, warehouse lifts, furniture and pianoforte lifts, carriage and wagon lifts, invalid and hospital lifts, cellar lifts, and single and double sack lifts. The firm’s power and hydraulic lifts or elevators for passengers and freight possess special intrinsic advantages. They have been supplied to every part of the Kingdom, and to many foreign countries for hotels, public buildings, offices, flats, factories, workshops, mills, breweries, warehouses, granaries, stores, &c., and they invariably give the greatest satisfaction. Messrs. Thomas’s manufactures obtained the highest award at Manchester, 1879, and at Amsterdam, 1883, while at the International Inventions Exhibition, London, 1885, they carried off the only gold medal awarded for lifts and elevators for hand, gas, and steam power. Messrs. Thomas & Sons are also largely occupied in the manufacture of shafting, pulleys, and leather belting. Estimates, specifications, and plans are forwarded on application. The proprietors are men of skill in their important branch of industry, and are recognised ah thorough representatives of the trade, and they occupy a prominent position in the manufacturing circles of South Wales.
The telegraphic address of this branch of the latter business is “Acme, Cardiff.”

T. CLARKSON WAKELING, M.S.A., ARCHITECT AND SURVEYOR,
MERTHYR TYDFIL, NEATH, AND PONTYPRIDD.
THIS gentleman began to practice in Merthyr Tydfil in 1884.

J. E. DAVIES & CO., DRAPERY, MILLINERY, AND DRESSMAKING ESTABLISHMENT,
106, HIGH STREET, MERTHYR TYDFIL.

THE above business was established by the late Mr. J. E. Davies in 1865, and by him was successfully conducted up to his demise in 1891, when his two sons under the above title continued to conduct it in their own interests, and under their energetic management the business continues to flourish and prosper. The premises are very commodious. The shop extends a long distance back, and is handsomely equipped and tastefully arranged throughout. A spacious show-room immediately adjoins, which is also of superior appointments, it being devoted to a display of such, goods as millinery of all kinds, representing all the latest London and Parisian novelties and styles, also mantles, jackets, waterproofs, ladies’ underclothing, children’s costumes and outfits, while one portion of this room is set apart to art pottery and fancy goods of English and foreign manufacture, including leather goods, albums, writing-cases, work-boxes, bronze, metal, and electro-plated goods, &c., &c. This room is about one hundred and fifty feet in length, this large accommodation offering a splendid opportunity for effect which has not been lost sight of.

On the first floor a large room is devoted to the furnishing department, such goods as carpets, floorcloths, rugs, matting, blankets, tapestry and other curtains, &c., being well represented. Other departments represented on this floor are devoted to reserve stocks of haberdashery, hosiery, and fancy goods in general. In the basement are also large rooms, principally utilised as stock-rooms for heavy drapery goods, &c. In the front shop a general stock of the goods enumerated is displayed. The establishment is fitted throughout with an American cash railway, for facilitating the numerous transactions which are passed through the hands of a cashier.

In addition to these premises, large though they are, the firm own other extensive premises at 54 and 55, Castle Street, for stock-room and dwelling-house purposes, a number of the assistants boarding on the premises. They have also further premises at 16 and 17, Castle Street, for dressmaking, mantle and jacket making purposes. They have also stabling and coach-houses at 5 and 6, Post Office Lane, parcels being delivered per own vans twice daily to all parts of the town and districts. A splendid business is being conducted, the reputation of the house extending to a wide area among all classes of the community. The firm’s goods are noted for their freshness and excellence of selection, as they are bought in the best available markets. The business is under the direct personal supervision and control of the two partners, who have had a large experience in London and Cardiff houses of eminence and repute, which has fitted them for the heavy responsibility which attaches itself to a business of such importance as that over which they have now practical control, but which they have shown themselves capable of managing with such ability as to ensure a prosperous future for the concern.

JOHN PRICE LEWIS, PRINTER AND STATIONER,
46, HIGH STREET, MERTHYR.

THIS business owns the distinction of being the oldest of the kind in Merthyr, having flourished for the last half century. It was founded by Mr. Rees Lewis, father of the present sole proprietor, Mr. John Price Lewis. The interior of the shop wears a refined appearance, and is arranged with a vast amount of taste, the nature of the stock greatly assisting the general effect. There is a comprehensive stock of all kinds of commercial, legal, scholastic, general, and artistic stationery, which includes many of the latest novelties. A well-purchased selection of fancy goods is also on hand, appropriate for presentation purposes. This is the depot for the British and Foreign Bible Society, the choice and handsomely bound volumes of these eminent publishers showing to great advantage. The printing works are at the rear, and are well equipped with a first-rate plant. Style, clearness, and correctness are apparent in all work turned out, large or small. A general printing trade is carried on, especially successful efforts appearing to be made in business and show cards, plain and coloured posters, programmes, fashion circulars, &c. Account-books of all kinds are ruled and bound, pattern being closely followed when required. An old resident of Merthyr, Mr. Lewis is well known, and as well respected. He occupies a high social standing, j and is at the head of a superior and refined business, which is liberally supported.

PONTYPRIDD.

G. BOYLES, SADDLERY AND HARNESS MANUFACTURER,
29, TAFF STREET, PONTYPRIDD.

THE unexampled growth of the industrial importance of the Rhondda Valley during the last ten years has enormously increased the amount of locomotion by road as well as by rail. Hence Mr. G. Boyles was wise in his generation when, in 1890, he established the business of a first-class and fully equipped manufacturer of all kinds of saddlery and harness. After a comparatively brief experience it was found necessary to remove to more roomy quarters. In 1891, therefore, the present commodious premises at 29, Taff Street were acquired. They comprise a commodious shop, with a spacious plate-glass window, in which are exhibited a tastefully arranged assortment of examples of Mr. Boyles’s handiwork. The shop is well appointed and substantially fitted, with a most attractive and representative collection of harness, saddlery, rugs, &c. A large and steady business is done in the sale of the durable and frequently highly-ornamental harness, which is manufactured on the premises by an efficient staff of skilled and experienced workmen, under the personal supervision of the principal. Mr. Boyles holds heavy stocks of horse-clothing and all other kinds of stable requisites. The spacious workshops are in the rear, and are fitted up with all the necessary modern appliances for the saving of time and labour. All kinds of repairs, as well as of original work, are carefully and promptly executed in his workshops. Mr. Boyles took the first prize at the show of the East Glamorgan Agricultural Society, held at Pontypridd in September, 1892, for his exhibit of saddlery and general excellence of workmanship in all the productions.

THOMAS FORREST & SONS, CAMBRIAN STUDIO,
14, MARKET STREET, PONTYPRIDD.

MODERN photography is well represented in Pontypridd at the well-known and popular establishment of Thomas Forrest & Sons, the Cambrian Studio, directly opposite the post-office. The premises, which were erected by Mr. Forrest, senior, specially for the business, are eminently suited to their especial purpose, having been designed more for general utility and adaptability to the business than for grandeur or ostentations display. The shop is well stocked with photographs, views, picture frames, &c. The rooms contain many excellent examples of photography which well display, in every detail of execution and beauty of finish, the superior skill and talent employed in this establishment. Amongst these may be mentioned a portrait of the late Lord Mayor of London (Alderman David Evans, now Sir David Evans), in his robes of office, executed by Mr. Forrest (who was honoured with a special sitting at the Mansion House, London), and is the only portrait his lordship has had taken by a Welsh firm. The studio is erected on the latest principles for artistic lighting and instantaneous exposures.

Messrs. Forrest undertake photographic work of every description, portraits, groups, views, buildings, machinery, animals, &c., enlargements in silver, carbon, platinum, &c. Portraits are also executed in oils, water-colours, or crayons. Tennis, cricket, and football teams are photographed on their own grounds. Family, wedding, and other groups at the studio or at parties’ own homes. Solicitors’ orders for photographs in connection with disputes as to boundaries, property contracts, hotel licences, &c., also copies of important documents or plans, receive special personal attention. Auctioneers’ orders for photographs of houses and other property or articles for sale are promptly executed. Engineers’ and contractors’ works in progress are photographed carefully and promptly. The productions of the Cambrian Studio are unexcelled for beauty, permanency, and superior workmanship; in addition to this the prices charged are very moderate, while the satisfaction to be obtained by an artistic and accurate portrait is guaranteed. Another important branch of the business is the production of picture-frames in a variety of artistic designs, which is carried out on the premises. Amateurs and the trade are also supplied with photo apparatus and materials, picture mouldings, glass, backboards, rings, &c., &c., a large and well-selected stock being always on hand. Mr. Thomas Forrest has been established here over thirty years, and his talent and executive skill are well known and highly appreciated by a wide circle of distinguished patrons. The name of Forrest, of the Cambrian Studio, Pontypridd, has become a household word throughout the districts.

JOHN EVANS & CO., DRAPERS, SILK MERCERS, AND OUTFITTERS,
PONTYPRIDD.

THIS well-known and popular establishment was founded in 1872, and at once took a leading position in the town, which has been well maintained by an unremitting attention to the varying dictates of fashion and the requirements of a very extensive and high-class connection. The premises occupy an excellent position; the spacious and handsome double shop has a very fine frontage, consisting of five large plate-glass windows, well and tastefully dressed with high-class drapery goods and fashionable novelties in millinery, &c. The fittings and appointments of the interior are of a very superior character. The premises also contain well-equipped work-rooms, and all the accessories of a thoroughly organised establishment. The extensive and truly engaging stock of Messrs. John Evans & Co. is replete with all the best features of the various lines engaged in, and fully representative of the business in all its branches, embracing as it does a most extensive assortment of general drapery goods, costumes, and dress fabrics in all the newest styles, silks, satins, and velvets, elegant in style and rich in colour. The millinery show-rooms afford many special attractions in hats, caps, and bonnets, charmingly becoming and sweetly pretty. Indeed, the house stands unrivalled in the town for the endless variety, style, beauty, and novelty of its goods, while not the least important feature is the strictly moderate charges. Dress and mantle making and millinery are carried out in all their branches on the premises, and the extensive work-room accommodation, with every improved appliance, affords unusual facilities for supplying the largest orders in dress and costumes, wedding trousseaux, millinery, travelling outfits, or family mourning on the shortest notice and with every attention to economy. The executive staff numbers upwards of forty. The best talent and most experienced artistes are employed in the work-rooms, and the polite yet unobtrusive attention of the salesmen and lady assistants renders an inspection of the large and fashionable stock a source of real pleasure and enjoyment. A very brisk business is done in every department. Mr, John Evans gives his strict personal attention to the business, which is conducted throughout in that true spirit of commercial enterprise which makes the interests of customers a consideration of the very first importance.

JAMES COOMBES, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL BAKER AND CONFECTIONER,
MARKET STREET, PONTYPRIDD.

THE extensive business carried on by Mr. James Coombes was established in the year 1858, and is well recognised as the leading establishment of the kind in Pontypridd. The premises occupy a splendid position in the Market Square, and in the Arcade. They comprise two spacious and handsome shops. The interior is fitted up in a very superior style with elegant yet substantial counters, stands, show-cases, and other appropriate appointments. As to Mr. Coombes’s display of cakes, biscuits, fancy confectionery, bonbons, chaudfroids, entremets, entrees, soups, jams, jellies, and other appetising delicacies, nothing can be said to enhance its many self-evident points of merit and excellence. To the rear of the establishment is a bakehouse, fitted with the celebrated “Decker” ovens by Mason, of Manchester. The principal bakery is in Gas Road, and, in addition to two pairs of the above-mentioned ovens, is replete with other machinery and appliances of the most improved description, and driven by a powerful “Otto” gas-engine. A marked feature is the scrupulous cleanliness that is everywhere apparent, and the admirable arrangements for minimising the handling of the dough. Mr. Coombes has also a dining and refreshment establishment adjoining the Town Hall, and a coffee tavern near the Taff Vale Station, High Street. A very brisk business is done at all these establishments. Mr. Coombes makes a leading feature in catering for banquets, dinners, wedding breakfasts, pic-nics, &c. These are served in the very best style, and all the arrangements carried out, including the loan of plate, table decorations, &c., on most moderate terms. Mr. James Coombes occupies a prominent and influential position in social and business circles, being well known and highly esteemed for his active exertions in promoting the best interests of the trade and commerce of the town and district. Mr. Coombes has been elected president of the Chamber of Commerce, and is still an active member. He is also a member of the local Burial Board, chairman of the Pontypridd Coach-building Company, Limited, and is a member of the Llanwonno School Board.

MORRIS BROTHERS, CYCLE MANUFACTURERS AND ENGINEERS,
CAMBRIAN WORKS, PONTYPRIDD, SOUTH WALES.

THE firm of Messrs. Morris Brothers, of Pontypridd, have held a high position as engineers since 1872. Of late years they have successfully utilised their thorough technical knowledge and great mechanical skill in the direction of consolidating and extending their connection in the cycling world. The premises occupied comprise two spacious and well-appointed showrooms, in which is displayed a varied and most representative assortment of cycles by many of the leading firms of manufacturers with whom Messrs. Morris Brothers have such intimate relations that they are enabled to offer to their customers a practically unlimited choice, under the most favourable conditions as to price. The extensive works which are adjacent are fitted up with a complete electro-plating plant and other necessary mechanical appliances for the manufacture of cycles, all of the most approved modern type. The whole of the machinery is driven by a powerful gas-engine of modern construction. So important are the economies effected by the aid of this excellent plant that Messrs. Morris Brothers are justified in quoting such remarkably moderate prices for first-class machines of their own manufacture that their reputation for the cheapness of their cycles has extended far beyond the limits of Glamorganshire. An example of the moderation of their rates is to be found in their very popular youth’s safety bicycle, fitted in enamel with plated parts, complete with pedals, bag, spanner, oiler, ball bearings, and cushion tires, which is offered at seven pounds ten shillings nett. The firm have successfully made a special feature of executing all sorts of cycle repairs for the trade, and in this branch of their business they have a valuable connection which extends over a wide area. Messrs. Morris Brothers also hold heavy stocks of cycle sundries and accessories, in which they conduct a large wholesale, and also a considerable retail trade. They hold the position of official repairers to the C.T.C. Their general and private offices are well appointed, and are provided with all the requisites for the rapid despatch of a large amount of correspondence.
The telegraphic address is: “Morris Bros., Pontypridd.”

THOMAS & JONES, WHOLESALE COLLAR-MAKERS,
MILL STREET, PONTYPRIDD

THIS recently-formed business is giving every indication of speedily taking up a foremost position in the locality. The proprietors are conducting their transactions with such energy and enterprise and are giving such exceptional value that a respectable connection has already been founded. The premises occupied comprise a fairly large shop with a double plate-glass front. A very effective display is made in the windows, and in the shop the articles are very well arranged. The stock is a varied and superior one, many of the goods being manufactured on the premises. There are excellent examples of well-made pigskin saddles, light and elegant, and almost everlasting wear. All kinds of harness and every requisite for the horses and the stables are on hand, in all the latest improvements. At the rear are the two well-equipped workshops where the goods are manufactured, and where all kinds of repairs are promptly and reasonably executed. The firm issue a very comprehensive list of collars for any sized animal, horse, pony, or donkey. They have improved patent collars with round throat, the best quality, which are giving entire satisfaction. Compared to the excellence of the material and the superior quality of the workmanship, the prices charged are little short of marvellous, the partners relying on an extended sale for their remuneration. They are the agents for Elliman’s embrocation for horses, &c. As honourable and courteous tradesmen Messrs. Thomas & Jones have readily secured the respect and esteem of a large portion of the community by which they are surrounded.

ISAAC PROTHERO, FAMILY GROCER AND PROVISION MERCHANT,
PONTYPRIDD.

IT is now more than twenty years since Mr. Prothero commenced business on the opposite side of the street, and about three years ago he built the handsome and commodious premises now occupied, which are by far the finest of their kind in the town. The building is three storeys high, and of pleasing architectural appearance. The spacious double shop has a splendid plate-glass frontage of fully sixty feet. The interior is fitted up in a very superior style, with elegant yet substantial counters, show-cases, skilfully arranged mirrors, and other appropriate appointments. The basement contains ample storage, and accommodation for curing hams and bacon. To the rear of the shop are the warehouses, also a large and well-equipped steam bakery, fitted with the celebrated Perkins Decker steam ovens, and other machinery and appliances necessary to the successful working of a large and increasing business. The establishment may be justly considered a model of its kind, and the proprietor has spared neither pains nor expense in making it such. The stock embraces a most extensive assortment of general groceries, tea, coffee, fruits, spices, biscuits in great variety, a choice selection of Italian goods and table delicacies, English, Irish, and American provisions, hams and bacon of prime quality, jams, jellies, preserved fruits and vegetables, canned salmon and lobster, soups, pickles, and all the specialities of the leading manufacturers of comestibles. The whole is selected from the best sources with great care and sound judgment, and buying in such large lines direct from the manufacturers and importers, he is enabled to give his customers exceptional advantages, both in quality and price. A very brisk business is done in every department. The proprietor’s own vans deliver goods in all parts of the town and district, and no effort is spared to meet the convenience of customers in the punctual execution of orders. Mr. Isaac Prothero is well known and highly esteemed as a courteous and enterprising man of business. He takes a keen and active interest in all local matters, and is the President of the Pontypridd Grocers’ Association, and a director of the Glamorgan Free Press.

ABERDARE.

J. DAVIES & CO., LINENDRAPERS, MERCERS, MILLINERY, DRESS AND MANTLE MAKERS,
COMMERCE HOUSE, ABERDARE.

PROJECTED in the year 1873 by its present able and energetic proprietor, the commercial development of this concern has been both rapid and continuous from the very first. Commerce House, as it is popularly known, is in every point of character and situation precisely adapted to the requirements of a very large business of the kind. It comprises a spacious double-fronted emporium, sixty feet in breadth, length seventy feet, with commodious show-rooms, work-rooms, and warehouses attached, handsomely appointed throughout in the best modern style, and most methodically arranged to hold and effectively display a complete and comprehensive stock of superior goods incidental to the trade. Silks, dresses, mantles, costumes, general every-day drapery, blankets, flannels, baby-linen, millinery, feathers, flowers, ribbons, lace, gloves, haberdashery, and the numerous other items incidental to the trade are all fully represented; while dressmaking and the production of mantles and millinery up to date, in accordance with the latest London and Parisian fashions, form a special department of the business, under the experienced supervision of Mrs. Davies and a staff of skilled modistes and needlewomen. The attendance is of the most efficient order, and is furnished by a staff of thirty competent assistants; while everywhere there are evidences of the care and attention bestowed by the proprietor in arranging for the reception, prompt service, and general convenience of his numerous customers. Every branch of the business receives the personal supervision of the principal, and is conducted with a careful competence that is well calculated to preserve all the creditable traditions of the house, and to sustain it in the public favour it has so long and so deservedly enjoyed.

DAVID DAVIES, GROCER, AND PROVISION, CORN, AND FLOUR MERCHANT,
2, CANON STREET, AND 21 AND 22, COMMERCIAL PLACE, ABERDARE.

THE records of this flourishing business date back to over a quarter of a century ago, when it was founded by the present sole proprietor, David Davies, to whose energy and practical capacity in mercantile affairs the concern owes the well-won prestige it has achieved in local trade circles. The premises at 2, Canon Street comprise commanding double-fronted shops with fine plate-glass windows, in which are tastefully displayed samples of the high-class goods representing the various departments of the trade. The interior of the establishment is of spacious proportions, and is fitted throughout with substantial mahogany and marble-topped counters, elegant glass show-cases, tea-bins arranged on the well system, and other appointments and requisites in harmony with the general arrangements of a high-class trade. The stocks in each department have been carefully selected from the leading produce markets, and embrace the choicest qualities of teas, coffees, fruits, spices, Italian warehouse specialities, and a great variety of general groceries and household requisites of every description.

On the provision side will be found a splendid selection of the best brands of hams, bacon, lard, butter, cheese, and other goods of the most approved quality, large reserve stocks of which are also held in the stores in the basement and rear, the latter portion of the premises extending through to Dean Street, where are located the stables, cart-sheds, &c. The first floor is also utilised as warehouse for corn, flour, and other feeding stuffs, and above this are stored large stocks of tea, spices, fruits, &c. The establishment at 21, Commercial Place is similarly arranged and fitted, and is also devoted to the purposes of the general grocery and provision trades, the adjoining premises, No. 22, being appropriated to the confectionery department, of which the leading speciality is a fine display of artistically designed wedding cakes and other examples of the pastrycook’s and confectioner’s skill. Telephonic communication has been established between the several departments in Canon Street and Commercial Place, and the entire arrangements and organisation of the concern in every detail furnish convincing evidence of the admirable administrative abilities which govern the management of this notable enterprise. An extensive and influential clientele has been established by the proprietor, whose continued confidence has been secured by the high standard of uniform quality and value of all goods supplied from these popular and widely patronised establishments.

Mr. Davies has long been prominently identified with the leading public bodies of the town, having for the past twenty years given efficient service to the ratepayers as member of the Aberdare Local Board; is a member of the Burial Board; South Wales Crown Soap Company, Cardiff; South Wales Jam Company, Cardiff; Eastern Dry Docks, Newport; and Aberdare Steam Laundry Company; and in addition to fulfilling the duties of a county magistrate, was high constable of Aberdare in the years 1886-87, and a director of the gas company and the market company, and is president of the Aberdare Grocers’ Association.

ROYAL TEMPERANCE HOTEL,
CANON STREET, ABERDARE.
MR. W. DAVIES, PROPRIETOR.

THIS popular and ably conducted hotel was long known by the name of Thomas’s Royal Temperance Commercial Hotel, and assumed the name of Royal Temperance Hotel when Mr. Davies acquired it in 1891. The hotel has been considerably enlarged, improved, and modernised within recent years, and offers commercial gentlemen and visitors every comfort and convenience to be met with in a first-class hotel. Besides fourteen airy and roomy bedrooms, the accommodation includes a spacious, lofty, and well-furnished commercial-room in which commercial gentlemen will find every convenience. It also includes a commodious coffee-room, and there are private sitting-rooms, and other conveniences. The cuisine is under the personal superintendence of Mrs. Davies, who has had large experience; consequently patrons cannot fail to be satisfied with this department. In short, commercial gentlemen and visitors will find at this hotel every home comfort with moderate charges. A porter meets all trains. Mr. Davies supervises the hotel, his tact, energy, and general aptitude being ever in evidence. Mr. Davies has also a large coffee tavern, 23, Commercial Street, near to the stations. This is well equipped with all modern improvements for the comfort of visitors, and a large business is done here.

LANMAN & VICARY, COACHBUILDERS AND WHEELWRIGHTS,
DEAN STREET, AND GLOSTER STREET, ABERDARE.

THIS business was established by the above-named gentleman in 1878, and has since that date been steadily and progressively developed to its present successful position in the local trade. The premises comprise spacious workshops, smithy, and painting and repairing departments, combining every convenience for carrying out the work of the several branches of the trade in an extensive business of this character. Messrs. Lanman & Vicary have long enjoyed a high reputation for the superior excellence of designs and finished workmanship of their productions m every class of vehicles, and the firm also pays the most careful and prompt attention to the execution of all kinds of carriage and wagon repairs and other branches of the wheelwright’s trade which the ample resources at their disposal enable them to undertake and complete on the shortest notice. A numerous staff of about twenty skilled hands is employed in the several departments of the works in order to meet the requirements of the extensive orders constantly on hand, the firm enjoying the support and confidence of a widespread circle of influential patronage of the leading resident gentry in the town and district. The business is ably managed in each department, under the personal supervision of the partners, both gentlemen possessing a thoroughly practical knowledge of the trade in all its branches, thus ensuring the highest efficiency in carrying out all work entrusted to their skilful hands for completion.

J. G. CHURCHILL, SADDLER AND HARNESS-MAKER,
24, WHITCOMBE STREET, ABERDARE.

THIS business was established some seventy-five years ago, and was purchased in 1867 by the present proprietor, originally at No. 39, High Street, and removed to the more extensive premises now occupied in 1880. These comprise a spacious and well-appointed show-room, admirably arranged for the display and storage of the large and varied stock. To the rear are the workshops, in which a large staff of skilled and experienced hands are busily employed. The shop and warehouse contain a very large and comprehensive stock of single and double harness, hunting and riding saddles, bridles, collars, reins, martingales, girths, ladies’ saddles constructed with all the recent improvements; a good assortment of whips, bits, spurs, brushes, horse clothing and stable requisites, Gladstone, travelling, and carpet bags, footballs, boxing gloves, cricket balls, &c., are also well represented. Mr. Churchill is an extensive manufacturer of leather driving-belts for machinery, &c. With obvious exceptions the bulk of the stock is manufactured on the premises. Mr. Churchill is a practical man, thoroughly conversant with every detail of the business. He has always aimed at the attainment and maintenance of a high standard of excellence as a characteristic of all his work, and this, combined with strictly moderate charges, has secured the confidence and support of a very extensive and steadily increasing connection.

J. WILLIAMS, GROCER, PROVISION MERCHANT, BAKER, AND CONFECTIONER,
2, CARDIFF STREET, ABERDARE.

IN connection with the trade in domestic supplies at Aberdare, a well-known and highly reputed house is that of Mr. J. Williams, of Cardiff Street, whose name is identified with the higher branches of the grocery, provision, bakery, and confectionery trades. Mr. Williams controls a select and substantial business in these important lines, and enjoys the support of a widespread and well-established connection among the leading families in the town and district. His premises are commodious and well appointed, and have a good situation, affording every facility for the convenient transaction of business and fulfilment of orders. Mr. Williams holds a stock of unexceptionable excellence, embracing all descriptions of superior family groceries, provisions, Italian and Continental specialities, &c., together with a large and choice assortment of confectionery of the purest quality. He buys in the best markets, and makes his selections with a degree of sound judgment that has done much to win popularity and support for his establishment. The bakery department is also a very important feature of the business, and in this direction Mr. Williams fully sustains the reputation of his house for reliability. His productions in household and fancy bread, cakes, biscuits, &c., maintain a uniform standard of merit, and have a large sale in and around Aberdare. Altogether, this business presents an example of effective organisation which attests its proprietor’s practical skill and experience, and which affords to customers an assurance that all their orders will be promptly attended to and expeditiously carried out. Mr. Williams always keeps pace with the latest advances of the trades in which he is engaged, and his enterprise and personal courtesy are much appreciated by his numerous clientele.

MRS. H. ESCHLE, WATCHMAKER AND JEWELLER,
13, COMMERCIAL PLACE, ABERDARE.

IT is now over forty years since this establishment was founded by the late Mr. F. Eschle, the original address being in Commercial Street, but in 1866 a removal was made to the fine premises now occupied, situate in one of the best trading positions in the town. The building is an imposing one, and is well adapted to the requirements of the trade, the shop-window being used to display a rich and costly stock of gold and silver jewellery. The interior is fitted with air-tight glass show-cases, containing a well-bought selection of ladies’ and gentlemen’s gold and silver watches, fitted with the latest improvements. There are also ladies’ and gentlemen’s watch-chains, gold and silver brooches, bracelets, lockets, charms, ear-rings, links, studs, &c. Gem and wedding rings make a brilliant show, there being many chaste devices. A very pleasing effect is created by the cased goods, these being in morocco leather and silk-lined, containing elegantly chased silver, cutlery, &c. There are also marble and other clocks, well adapted for purposes of presentation. Specialities are made of Worcester and Dresden china, and Copeland’s Spode china, these forming a truly magnificent collection, and is one of the finest in South Wales. At the rear of the shop are the workshops, where all kinds of repairs are done to watches, clocks, jewellery, &c., at very moderate prices, and with perfect skill. The sole proprietress, Mrs. H. Eschle, who is assisted by her son, takes personal management, and by a high-class and far-reaching clientele is much esteemed and respected.

M. R. DAVID, BREWER, WHOLESALE WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANT,
ROCK BREWERY, ABERDARE.

THIS notable concern was founded in 1840 by Mr. Thomas Williams, and in 1880 it came into the hands of Mr. David, under whose able administration it has pursued a steadily prosperous career. The large and commodious premises devoted to the purpose of wholesale wine and spirit stores contain very extensive stocks of wines in all the best growths and vintages, together with, the leading brands of Irish and Scotch whisky and other foreign spirits, making up a supply adequate to the requirements of Mr. David’s very extensive trade in these departments. The goods are all of sound quality, being carefully selected in the best markets. The brewery is a substantial and very lofty building, containing a very fine ten-quarter plant, said to be the best in the district. This property covers an area of two acres, including the Rock Recreation Ground, the favourite local running track where two hundred yards can be covered in a straight course. All the processes of the brewing industry are carried on at the Rock Brewery under the best conditions, the arrangement of the departments being excellent, while the appliances are of the most improved type. There is a splendid water supply, and the superior qualify of this is largely responsible for the fine character of the beers and stout produced. Besides his specialities in “Home Brewed Ales” and “Brown Stout,” Mr. David brews a renowned “Invalid’s Stout,” which, is largely recommended by the medical profession, and is considered to be quite equal to the finest Dublin stout, and for which there is a large demand. He has very extensive cellarage and storage accommodation generally, and the bottling department is provided with every modern facility. All the minor, but by no means unimportant, features of the Rock Brewery establishment, such as the coopers’ shops, washhouses for casks, malt stores, stabling, carriage-house, harness-room, &c., present additional evidences of the thorough organisation of this old-established business, which is one of the most substantial and successful concerns in the district. A number of travellers wait upon the connection of the house in Aberdare and the neighbourhood, showing that a large and steady demand exists for Mr. David’s high-class beers and stout, the purity and wholesome quality of which are fully recognised in this part of the country. The entire business is personally supervised by the experienced principal, whose straightforward and honourable methods have won the approval and confidence of a large and increasing circle of patrons.

THOMAS LLOYD, GROCER, BAKER, AND PROVISION MERCHANT,
14, COMMERCIAL STREET, ABERDARE.

THE business which Mr. Thomas Lloyd conducts was established by him in 1878. His original premises were in the same thoroughfare as are those which he now occupies, bat at various times the growing volume of the business has necessitated the carrying out of considerable alterations, enlargements, and improvements, which have continued even since the removal, some three years ago, to the commodious quarters which Mr. Lloyd now occupies. For the convenience of certain sections of his numerous customers he has found it judicious to open out thoroughly-equipped branches at 87, Gadley’s Road, and at 22, Bridge Road, Cwmbach.

The premises at Mr. Lloyd’s headquarters comprise a commodious shop, with a fine double front and plate-glass display windows. The interior is of exceptionally large area, and the fittings are of an elegance which harmonises with the high class of the business conducted. Marble and mahogany counters, and other appliances in keeping, have been supplied by the eminent firm of Messrs. Parnell & Co., of Bristol. Large stocks are always held of the finest groceries and provisions, and Mr. Lloyd’s extensive and intimate relations with the most eminent firms of producers enable him to place his customers upon the best possible terms, both as to quality and prices. There are large warehouses in the rear, for the storage of surplus stocks, together with bottling stores for Bass’s ales and other liquors of the most celebrated brands. Mr. Lloyd has made a speciality of this class of business, and holds several important agencies, including those for Kennaway & Co.’s wines and spirits, Rogers’s noted “A.K.” ales, and Whitbread’s family ales and London cooper. He also represents the St. Pauli Breweries Company, Limited, of Bremen, for the sale of their lager beer, and likewise supplies the English lager beer of the Batheaston Brewery, Bath. Another important industry is admirably represented in Mr. Lloyd’s establishment by his commodious bakery, which is fitted with patent Decker ovens, where large quantities of excellent white and brown bread are baked, which have become justly celebrated throughout the district. Mr. Lloyd takes a warm interest in all matters affecting the welfare of the community, and he is an active member of the committee of the Intermediate Schools about to be erected near the Parkin Aberdare.

DANIEL GRIFFITHS, GENERAL AND FURNISHING IRONMONGER,
6, HIGH STREET, ABERDARE.

THIS business may claim to be among the oldest concerns of the kind in Aberdare. Its foundation dates back as far as 1830, in which year it was commenced by Mr. Evan Griffiths, the present sole proprietor coming into possession in 1850. The establishment owns a firm and well-won reputation for the general excellence of the stock, which, for variety and usefulness, has no equal in the district. The shop is of fairly large proportions, and is fitted and furnished throughout in the most appropriate manner. There are two good front windows, in which a very effective show is made. As a general and furnishing ironmonger, Mr. Daniel Griffiths has had a lifelong experience. His knowledge of all the branches is most extensive, and his purchases, which are confined to the leading markets, are characterised by sound judgment. In general ironmongery there are the thousand and one articles constituting a stock of this kind. In furnishing ironmongery there are the very latest improvements in cooking and heating ranges, fenders, fire-irons, lamps, coal wagons, cooking utensils, &c. A first-class selection of tools for various trades is always kept; also shovels, picks, nails, lead, and kindred goods. One of the features of the establishment is the fine display of hollow-ware. There is a commodious warehouse at the rear, principally used for reserve stock. Nothing could exceed the courtesy with which Mr. Griffiths conducts his transactions, while for his strict integrity he is widely known and greatly respected. The connection is a sound and far-reaching one.

M. CREED & CO., PRINTERS, BOOKBINDERS, MACHINE RULERS, AND ACCOUNT-BOOK MAKERS,
1, WEATHERALL STREET, ABERDARE.

THE above extensive business was originally established in 1883 in Gadley’s Road, and was continued at that address for about two years, when, in consequence of the rapid expansion of the trade, it became necessary to acquire more extended accommodation, which was secured at the site now occupied. The premises here comprise spacious show-room and office, with composing and machine rooms, providing every convenience for carrying out the work of the several departments of the business. The works are fully equipped with new and improved machinery and plant for facilitating the execution of high-class work in each branch of production, including every description of letterpress printing, bookbinding, machine ruling, and account-book making. The services of a numerous staff of skilled hands are employed in the works to meet the requirements of the extensive trade of the firm, the resources of the establishment in each department enabling them to undertake orders of any magnitude with the utmost promptitude and in the highest style of art. The business is ably organised in every detail, under the personal supervision of Mr. A. G. Creed, the principal, to whole energetic direction must be attributed the continued success and progressive development of this well-established and eminently representative commercial undertaking.

GEORGE DAVIES, HOSIER, GLOVER, HATTER, AND SHIRT-MAKER,
39, COMMERCIAL STREET, ABERDARE.

FOUNDED in the year 1881, this business stands out prominently as the leading representative of the kind in Aberdare. Added to business tact and thrift, Mr. Davies possesses the advantage of sound judgment and excellent taste in buying, evidence of this being found in every department of his well-ordered establishment. The premises occupied at once command attention, being among the architectural features of Commercial Street. The shop has a handsome double front, the windows being of plate-glass, set in a handsome brass frame, while the entrance is very attractive, having a mirrored top and tesselated bottom, with handsome show-cases all fitted and complete. These are used to make what is generally allowed to be one of the most effective and imposing displays of the kind to be found in the district, and the frontage is considered one of the handsomest in South Wales. The internal fittings and furnishings are elegant, strictly in accordance with the high-class and chaste character of the stock. Whether in hats, gloves, hosiery, or shirts, style, quality, comfort, variety, cheapness are the predominating features. Added to a splendid selection in each department, is the additional fact that infinite pains are taken to suit the requirements of each patron. Competent assistants are employed, under the personal supervision of the principal. Mr. Davies has in every way proved himself to be worthy of the high respect in which he is held.

NEWPOKT.

FEW Western towns have made more satisfactory progress in modern times than the thriving parliamentary and municipal borough of Newport, in Monmouthshire. Admirably situated on the River Usk, this important port enjoys natural advantages which have contributed largely to its growth, both as a shipping centre and as a seat of various industries which derive benefit from the proximity of superior maritime facilities. These advantages in respect of transport by river and sea have been supplemented by the opening up of excellent railway communications to the west, north, and east; and all the resources thus placed at their command have been utilised by the people of Newport to the fullest extent. The business activity of this town, and of the districts immediately adjacent to it, is therefore very conspicuous, and the visitor who comes here expecting to find plenty of life and vitality in the local trades will not be disappointed.

At the same time Newport is a very creditable example of a modern town where life in its social and pleasurable, as well as in its work-a-day aspects, may be seen to advantage. The place plays the part of a metropolis to its district, and as one walks through its principal streets and notes the excellent organisation of the many large and interesting business establishments therein, one realises that the time has indeed passed away when provincial towns were content to lag a year or two in the wake of the great metropolis, and provincial merchants knew nothing better than to treat their patrons to a choice selection of the crumbs from the table of last season’s London trade. A growing spirit of independence, and a vast improvement in means of communication have changed all this; and to-day the tradesman of the counties is on a par with his brother of the metropolis in all resources of supply, and he makes full use of every means at his disposal for keeping his establishment thoroughly “up to date.” This is not less evident in Newport than in other large and progressive provincial communities, and the retail tradesmen of the town show themselves capable of meeting all the requirements of their customers as completely and as satisfactorily as they could be met in London itself. Such a state of things is noteworthy not merely as a proof of energy and enterprise in any one particular locality, but also as a testimony to the altered and improved conditions of life and business which, in these closing years of the century, are imparting to our large towns and cities all over the Kingdom an individuality of which their inhabitants have every reason to be proud. In Newport, with its large population engaged in many and varied spheres of active life, social and educational institutions are in a condition of advancement not less marked than that which distinguishes the business undertakings of the place, and the town enjoys the benefits of public-spirited local government in a degree which has done much to consolidate its prosperity and give it a position of dignity and influence among Western municipalities.

Its relations with the outer world in matters commercial are facilitated by excellent arrangements for the accommodation of a large maritime trade, and the extensive docks that have been constructed here now offer many attractions to shipping and bring a great amount of business to the port. The export trade of Newport during the six years 1884-90 showed an increase in value of over 35 per cent., and the merchandise shipped from the port during that period included a large variety of the products of the United Kingdom, as well as local manufactures to a very considerable amount.

The railway communication between Newport and the mineral districts of Wales and the English borderland has promoted the growth of the leading local industries in a marked degree, and the town has gained widespread renown in late years as a source of production for various articles of heavy hardware, such as anchors, chains, &c., while the engineering industries have prospered conspicuously, and ironfounding, shipbuilding, and ship-repairing have been carried on upon a large scale with very satisfactory results. The exportation of manufactured iron is also an important feature of the foreign trade of the port. Newport, in short, has in itself all the elements that conduce to enduring prosperity, and there is every prospect that it will occupy a position of increasing importance in years to come - a position reached and maintained chiefly by the unremitting exercise of those faculties of business aptitude of which its inhabitants have repeatedly proved themselves to be the possessors. Among Monmouthshire towns there are two others, at least, which, deserve some special mention by reason of their high standing in industrial matters.

ABERGAVENNY is one of these, and is a thriving place of about 8,000 inhabitants, well situated in the north-western part of the county, at a point where the Gavenny and the Usk unite their streams. This is just seventeen miles north of Newport, and there are good facilities of communication between the two towns. Abergavenny has large iron-works and collieries in its vicinity, and is a busy town generally, its various local trades and industries being in a prosperous condition that denotes good management.

PONTYPOOL, situated on the border of the coal and iron fields of South Wales, is a great seat of the metal-working industries, particularly in connection with the manufacture of iron and of tin-plates. Its output in these commodities is very large, and the various works established in the town and district give employment to a large number of hands.

We shall now have pleasure in placing before our readers some historical and descriptive particulars concerning prominent firms whose operations are centred in the three towns which may be regarded as fairly representing the industrial and commercial interests of Monmouthshire.

REPRESENTATIVES OF COMMERCE.

THE ISCA FOUNDRY AND ENGINEERING COMPANY, GENERAL ENGINEERS AND MANUFACTURERS OF RAILWAY PLANT,
NEWPORT (MON.), H

THE busy port of Newport has gained a widespread renown for its industrial enterprise, and has become particularly noted for the magnitude and importance of its undertakings in engineering and metalworking, and of these undertakings one of the most notable is that here referred to. For upwards of thirty years the Isca Foundry and Engineering Works have contributed largely to the industrial activity of Newport, and their productions have added not a little to the reputation of the town in home and foreign markets. During a long period these great works have remained under the joint control of the present managing partners, Mr. Richard Laybourne and Mr. C. W. E. Marsh. These gentlemen trade under the firm-name of the Isca Foundry and Engineering Company, and their able and energetic administration has been one of the chief secrets of the success of the concern. The works are among the finest of their kind, and cover about four acres of ground on a particularly advantageous site, owing to its proximity to the Docks and railways. Sidings from the Alexandra Docks and from the Great Western and other lines afford very superior facility of transport, and place this important concern in close communication with the whole of the United Kingdom and the outer world.

In their general plan and organisation these extensive works, with their busy brass and iron foundries, smiths’ shops, turning and fitting shops, erecting shops, forges, boiler sheds, yards, warehouses, offices, &c., displaying a completeness and sufficiency of resources speaking well for the management of the place and the progressive enterprise of its proprietors. Everything is thoroughly “up to date,” and each department is fully equipped with the best modern machinery for its particular purpose. With these facilities at their command the Company are in a position to produce the highest class of work with all possible rapidity, and the extent of their operations will be understood when we say that they employ upwards of three hundred skilled hands in addition to their large and valuable plant of labour-saving machinery. In plan and equipment, as well as in the character of the work turned out, this fine establishment is a credit to Newport and a testimony to the practical skill and business capacity of its proprietors. There is probably not a finer outfit of engineering and iron-working machinery in Monmouthshire than that which plays such an important part in the routine of this Company’s industry.

Railway plant of all kinds constitutes the leading speciality of the Isca Foundry and Engineering Company, and the output of the works in this connection includes portable railways, switches, crossings, railway bridges-in iron and steel, railway tanks, signals, railway wagons, lever boxes, tramway points and crossings, &c., &c. In addition to the above the Company build vertical and horizontal boilers, blowing engines and fans for ventilating mines, pumps of all kinds, pipes for gas and steam, water-pipes of all sizes, wheels, axles, pulleys, portable cranes, wharf cranes, crab winches, colliery wagons, iron dock fittings, and general castings and forgings. For all the above manufactures the Company enjoy an unsurpassed reputation, and the continuous development of their trade from year to year speaks for the sound quality of their productions and the great demand existing for them both at home and abroad.

Among the leading specialities of this celebrated engineering house may be noted Laybourne’s Patent Anti-Breakage Coal-shipping Crane, which is, we believe, the most rapid crane of the kind yet constructed, being capable of shipping six hundred tons of coal per hour, and requiring only one man to work it. This valuable appliance is driven by hydraulic power, and has only recently been patented. It is sure to gain the favour of dock companies and coal shippers, and it carries its own guarantee of success in its high practical efficiency. A working model of this crane may be seen at the works by arrangement with the managers. Other noteworthy specialities to which the Company devote considerable attention include Marsh’s Patent Reversible Lever with crank combined, and Marsh’s Patent Solid Wrought-steel Railway Chairs, the latter being made in one piece of metal, and being greatly favoured by railway companies.

In all their manufactures this eminent firm embody the soundest materials and best workmanship, and their goods of every kind have long enjoyed a standard reputation for reliability and excellent finish. An immense trade is carried on, and a most, valuable connection is maintained among the leading railway and dock companies, collieries, ironworks, &c., not only throughout the United Kingdom, but also on the Continent and in the Colonies. The routine of this widespread and influential trade is greatly facilitated by a London office at 10, Bush Lane, Cannon Street, E.C. The works at Newport receive the direct personal supervision oi Mr. Laybourne and Mr. Marsh, both gentlemen of large experience and sound practical and technical skill. They have been connected with the concern for many years, and have greatly influenced its progress and prosperity by their sterling business qualities. Mr. Laybourne is one of the best-known men in Newport, enjoying general respect and confidence; and, besides being a Justice of the Peace for the county, he is chairman of the Newport Conservative Association, vice-chairman of the Newport Gas Company, and chairman of the Tir Pentwys Colliery Company. Mr. Marsh is also a Justice of the Peace for the county. By their joint efforts Messrs. Laybourne and Marsh have made the business over which they preside the largest of its kind in the Newport district, and have gained for it an honourable position among the great industrial enterprises of South Wales and Monmouthshire.

GEORGE H. FOTHERGILL, TOBACCO MANUFACTURER,
70, DOCK STREET, NEWPORT (MON.).

AMONG the smokers in the South Wales district the name of Fothergill is well and widely known in connection with their favourite weed, as it was, indeed, with many of their fathers. The house under notice, which is the oldest in the trade in this district, has been in existence upwards of thirty years, having been originally stablished in Newport by the father of the present proprietor. The founder was a man of large experience in the trade, and of considerable practical skill, and he soon succeeded in earning a good name for the reliable character of his productions. He was succeeded some four years ago by the present owner, who removed to the quarters now occupied in Dock Street, and who, by enterprise and well-directed energy, has succeeded in raising the business to a position of prominence among similar establishments in the Principality. Operations are conducted in a large two-storey factory, having on the ground floor a compact suite of offices, and steam-power for working the presses and twisting machines. There are also cutting-rooms and stock-rooms, and bonded stores at Burton’s Wharf. The equipment of this establishment has been carried out on an elaborate scale, comprising as it does the best class of plant and machinery known to the trade, and many labour-saving appliances. Several experienced and skilled hands are employed, and the visitor to this manufactory cannot fail to be struck with the systematic manner in which the whole business is conducted. Mr. George H. Fothergill is extensively occupied in the manufacture of various kinds of tobacco, notable among which are the brands bearing his name. Fothergill’s light and dark shag tobaccos and his twist tobaccos are firmly established favourites among all classes of buyers, and the uniform excellence of their quality is continually adding to the circle of consumers. The leaf is procured in large quantities from the best known sources of supply, and bought under advantageous conditions, a circumstance which, combined with the facilities the proprietor possesses for manufacturing, enables him to quote prices which the trade cannot equal elsewhere. A special line is made of foreign and British cigars, of which immense stocks are carried, including all the most celebrated and saleable brands. The connection of the house is steadily increasing under the superior management of the proprietor, and now extends to every part of Wales among retail shopkeepers and tobacco merchants. Mr. Fothergill occupies a good position in the trade, and is widely respected for the straightforward and honourable lines on which he conducts his business. He is well known in private life, and everywhere esteemed for his ability, public usefulness, and personal worth.

W. EVANS & CO., LIMITED, WHOLESALE GROCERS, IMPORTERS OF IRISH, AMERICAN, AND CONTINENTAL PROVISIONS,
CORN STREET, NEWPORT (MON.).
Telegrams: “Evans, Newport,” and “Wevans, Cardiff”; Telephones: Newport, No. 125, and Cardiff, No. 106.

CLAIMING to be the oldest established as it certainly is the best and most extensive undertaking of the kind in South Wales, this prosperous concern was organised as far back as fifty years ago by Mr. W. Evans, and was formerly carried on under the style of W. Evans until the year 1880, when, upon the retirement of Mr. Evans, the business was converted into a private joint-stock company, with Mr. Alfred Williams as its able and experienced managing director and active superintendent. The old premises in Dock Street were demolished about ten years ago to make room for street improvements, and the present massive warehouse was then erected to meet the exact requirements of the vast business. They consist of a large and substantial three-storeyed building having a length of one hundred and twenty feet in Dock Street, a facade of sixty feet in Corn Street, a main office entrance from Corn Street, and two goods entrances in Corn Street and Dock Street respectively. The ground floor is fully utilised for a suite of general offices, the manager’s private room, a large stock warehouse, and the packing department, while a hoist connects the three floors, the upper two of which are divided into a series of large stock-rooms.

The company operate on an extensive scale as direct importers of all kinds of Irish, American, and Continental provisions in the way of hams, bacons, cheeses, canned meats and fruit, &c., which they receive in large consignments from the leading producers of the day; also large importers of Continental sugars. They act, moreover, as the accredited agents for Monmouthshire and South Wales for Mr. J. J. Richardson’s Waterford bacon and Messrs. James Connell & Co.’s Cork butter, and deal in all kinds of general groceries, provisions, sugars, and tinned goods. The trade controlled is one of very considerable volume, and is promoted, both from the headquarters and from the branch depot at John Street, Cardiff, through the agency of a capitally organised staff of travellers, amongst retail dealers in groceries and provisions throughout the towns and villages of South Wales; while the business in all its details, under the vigorous and judicious direction of Mr. Williams, is promoted with all the ability and enterprise that have been so strongly instrumental in establishing its position and assuring its substantial prosperity. Messrs. W. Evan & Co., Limited, in 1884 built the flour and meal mills known as the Star Mills, and which were worked successfully until July, 1891, when this part of the business was amalgamated with the business of Mr. H. J. Parnall, the two being formed into a joint stock company under the style of Parnall & Evans, Limited.

ROBERTS & SON, WHOLESALE GROCERS AND PROVISION MERCHANTS,
NEW DOCK STREET, NEWPORT (MON.).

FOR more than eighteen years this extensive grocery establishment has been one of the leading business houses in the town of Newport. Operations were originally commenced in Commercial Street by Messrs. Gregory & Roberts, who had had a long practical experience in this department of trade and who developed their undertaking with untiring energy and perseverance. Mr. Gregory died some seven years ago, since which period the concern has been successfully carried on by Mr. Roberts alone up to the early part of 1893, when his son, Mr. Ernest Roberts, was taken into partnership. During the course of the firm’s career many additions and alterations in the premises have been rendered necessary to keep pace with the constant increase in the trade, and for the better control of affairs a removal was made in February last to the present conspicuous and commodious quarters. These consist of large warehouses under the Phillips Memorial Temperance Hall, a building of large m extent and imposing appearance, designed by the well-known local architects, Messrs. Habershon & Fawckner. The premises occupied, which are admirably suited for the purpose on account of their coolness and dryness, have been specially arranged and fitted up with every requisite and convenience for the expeditious control of the business. The shops are spacious and lofty, and the storage accommodation is on a very extensive scale. There is, also, a compact suite of offices at the rear, where a staff of clerks find employment in conducting the commercial part of the transactions. Some eighteen or twenty assistants are kept constantly engaged, and one of the most important local trades of this character is carried on here.

Messrs. Roberts are familiar with all the best sources of supply, and all purchases are made in the best markets and under the most advantageous conditions. They are consequently in a position to offer patrons the best class of goods at such favourable prices as cannot be surpassed elsewhere. The teas, of which the proprietors make a great speciality, are procured direct and are selected with care from the finest growths. They are of uniformly superior quality, and for strength and flavour cannot be surpassed. Another leading feature consists of American, Irish and foreign provisions generally. These the proprietor imports in large quantities. The stocks held are large and representative, containing the choicest selections in the respective departments. They include China, India, and Ceylon teas, coffees, dried fruits, jams, spices, English and foreign bacon and hams, cheese of numerous kinds, Irish, Danish and Kiel butter, and immense supplies of tinned goods, potted meats, and general Colonial produce. By close attention to the wants of customers, and by always supplying a thoroughly reliable article, a substantial and extensive connection has been developed throughout Monmouthshire and Glamorganshire, and the steady but continuous increase in the clientele shows how satisfaction is being given at every point. Two travellers are kept continually covering the area of operations, and the Messrs. Roberts give the business in its entirety the full benefit of their close personal attention. The senior proprietor of this noteworthy establishment occupies a position of no small importance in local trade and commercial circles, and is everywhere respected for his just and equitable methods of transacting business. He is also an active supporter of all measures conducive to the welfare of his fellow-townsmen, and in all his efforts he is ably seconded by his son and partner, Mr. Ernest Roberts.

ROBERT H. JOHNS, LITHOGRAPHIC AND LETTERPRESS PRINTER AND PUBLISHER,
NEWPORT (MON.).

THE business carried on by Mr. Robt. H. Johns, Lithographic and Letterpress Printer, Commercial Stationer, &c., is one of the most important, extensive, and compact printing and publishing offices in Newport, he having succeeded to the old-established business of Messrs. E. Palmer & Son some three years ago. The premises at 5, Llanarth Street comprise a spacious and well-appointed front shop, with printing works at the rear. On the floors above, the various departments are fitted with lithographic and letter-press machines, with the latest improvements, and every other necessary requisite, together with a large selection of the most modern-faced types, borders, &c. An efficient staff of experienced hands is busily employed in the production of all kinds of general letterpress and lithographic printing, as circulars, pamphlets, posters and handbills, headed notepaper, visiting cards, ball and concert tickets and programmes, memorial cards, &c. The work is carried out in the very best style of the art, at exceptionally moderate prices. With the superior facilities at command, Mr. Johns can execute orders with the utmost despatch. He is also the proprietor and publisher of the “Newport Directory,” a work which has done good service in showing the immense commercial facilities of the port, and in publishing from year to year the progress and development of the borough. It is a most reliable publication, containing a mass of useful local information, an alphabetical list of private residents and villas, and a street and trades directory, covering some forty or fifty parishes, in the immediate neighbourhood. This useful and popular work, which he has published for seventeen years, is largely patronised as an advertising medium by all the leading manufacturing merchants, and others in the town and district. It is issued in book form, cloth, 3s., paper covers, 2s. 6d. He is also the proprietor of the “Newport Tide-table,” price 6d., and publisher of the “Handy Pocket Timetable Monthly.” A good business is also done in commercial stationery, of which a large stock is always on hand. Mr. Johns possesses the advantage of a thorough practical acquaintance with every detail of the business, having secured a large and influential connection with the leading mercantile establishments of the town and neighbourhood.

THE USKSIDE ENGINEERING AND RIVET COMPANY, LIMITED,
NEWPORT (MON.).

THE extensive works of this great engineering concern are among the largest and busiest seats of industrial activity in the Newport district. They were established about sixty years ago as an iron foundry, and were taken over by the Uskside Engineering Company in 1866. Under that style they were carried on until 1883, when the present limited liability company was formed, with Mr. A. J. Stevens as managing director. The works cover about two acres of ground, and have recently been considerably enlarged by the erection of a new machine shop one hundred and fifty feet in length by eighty feet wide, which is now equipped with large travelling cranes, planing and drilling machinery, and other plant and appliances of the very best class. The whole mechanical organisation of the works is of the most effective modern type, and includes a valuable plant of special rivet-making machinery by Miller of Glasgow. In this department forty tons of rivets can be turned our weekly, and the productive resources of the works in other departments are upon a correspondingly large scale. The establishment has advantages in the excellent facilities of transport afforded by sidings from the Great Western main line.

Constant employment is given at these works to upwards of a hundred and fifty skilled hands, and the company’s manufacturing operations embrace the production of a large number of mechanical specialities, prominent among which are the following highly-esteemed apparatus: (1) Stevens’s improved patent fuel machine for pressing briquettes of coal. This machine is turned out in sizes designed to make from six to two hundred tons of patent fuel per day. A few years ago the Uskside Company erected the whole of the machinery at the Arrow Patent Fuel works at Newport — a plant capable of producing four hundred tons of patent fuel per day — and it is a striking testimony to the efficiency of the Stevens patent machine that the plant at those works has continued in operation down to the present time without any breakdown or accident whatever, a result probably unparalleled in the history of the patent fuel trade. (2) The Long Type Hauling Machine for collieries, mines, excavation work, &c. This powerful engine is so arranged as to be exceedingly easy of access for the adjustment or repairing of any part. It is fitted with outside steam chests, link motion, and clutches and gearing, and all the working parts are under the eye of the engine-man. Many of these machines have been made by the Company for mines and collieries in all parts of the United Kingdom, and also for export. (3) Stevens’s patent machine for subterranean traction, an apparatus which has gained the award of a silver medal for its all-round efficiency. From its special and peculiar construction this machine is not only remarkably rigid and strong, but is also very compact and easily managed. It requires little or nothing in the way of foundations, and is not liable to be affected by any movement of the ground. Although it is so compact and enclosed in a solid frame, all the parts are readily accessible, and the machine can be worked either by steam or by compressed air. (4) Air compressors for mines, made of great strength and durability, a special feature being the strength of the valves, one of which was recently tested up to thirty-five tons per square inch. (5) Hauling and winding plant for gold and diamond mines, a department in which the Company have done a great amount of work for South Africa and Australia (6) Pit machinery of all kinds, including pit cages in iron or steel, with single or double decks and dutch gear, or with lifting floors, to expedite delivery of the tram. Also pit keeps, with levers, handles, weights, plummer blocks, and all the latest improvements.

An important branch of the Company’s industry consists in repair work for shipping, chiefly in shafting and stem frames, for which a portable steam hammer can be used. Shaft forgings are largely made, and are kept in stock from fifteen feet long, and in diameter from eight inches to fourteen inches. Altogether, the Company’s operations are carried on upon a most comprehensive scale, and they have a very extensive trade all over Wales, and throughout the chief centres of the United Kingdom, as well as with Norway, Sweden, France, Spain, Australia, South Africa, and other countries. The works and the entire practical and mercantile routine of this vast business are under the personal management of Mr. Stevens, the managing director, who has had a particularly extensive experience in this class of industry. It is mainly due to his business capacity, application, and sound technical knowledge that the concern has achieved a reputation second to that of no other western house for the excellent and reliable character of all its work. Mr. Stevens is a Justice of the Peace for the borough of Newport, and is much respected in commercial and social circles for his straightforward principles and for his personal courtesy and affability.

SOCIETE COMMERCIALE D’AFFRETEMENTS ET DE COMMISSION.
HEAD OFFICE: PARIS, 1, RUE ST. GEORGES. JULES MESNIER, ADMINISTRATEUR AGENT-GENERAL.

THE above company are very large importers of iron ores, iron pyrites, &c., and are sole agents in the United Kingdom and continent of Europe for the celebrated Tafna and Mokta ores. Large quantities of these ores are constantly being imported into Newport, Cardiff, and Swansea. This company are large exporters of best South Wales steam coals and patent fuels. The head office is in Paris, and M. Jules Mesnier is the Director-general. There are branches in London, Cardiff, Swansea, Newport, Antwerp, Havre, and Bordeaux. William Blow is the Newport agent.

MORRIS & DIBBLE, OIL, GREASE, AND COLOUR MERCHANTS, CONTRACTORS TO THE PRINCIPAL RAILWAYS, IRON WORKS, AND COLLIERIES,
BALTIC STORES, PORTLAND STREET, PILLGWENLLY, NEWPORT.

AMONGST other industries of the town and port, that of Messrs. Morris & Dibble must not be overlooked. They are large importers of oils and tallow, and have several specialities of their own invention, amongst which are Castor Cylinder Oil and special Wire Rope Oil, which have gained for them a name and a large business amongst the collieries and iron-works in Monmouthshire and Glamorganshire. They give personal attention to all orders entrusted to them, and their business is a steadily increasing one. They trade under the style of Morris & Dibble, Baltic Stores, Newport (Mon).

SEARLE & HERRING, LIMITED, ALE AND PORTER BREWERS,
CASTLE BREWERY, NEWPORT (MON.).

WHEN in the long past of the twelfth century the founders built the fortified castle of Newport, it could not by any process of ratiocination have entered into their heads that the nineteenth century would see their architectural achievements utilised for “ye brewynge of ale.” Yet such is what has come to pass, and the whirligig of time has had, as Shakespeare says, its revenges. It is now more than half a century since operations in this direction were commenced in the castellated structure by Messrs. Alfrey, who in the course of time transferred his privilege to one Mr. Alfred Blake. Messrs. Searle & Herring & Dunning took over the business some twelve years ago, and the concern was converted into a limited company about four years back. The remains of the old castle comprise a block of building, with one central and two antique wing towers facing the River Usk, and close to Newport Bridge. To these old relics new premises have been added, including offices, stables, and other departments. The castle is used for brewing purposes, and has been well arranged and fitted up with every known appliance and machinery for the successful carrying on of a high-class business of this description upon the most modern principles. The “subterranean dungeons” have been converted into very serviceable cellars and stores, and are now filled with extensive supplies of October and other special brewings, amounting in the aggregate to as much as seventy thousand gallons. The plant is what is designated as a twenty-five quarter one, and the machinery is driven by a twenty horse-power engine, built by the well-known firm of Adlam & Sons, of Bristol. The offices are large and thoroughly well appointed, and consist of four or five separate apartments; they afford convenient accommodation for a numerous staff of clerks. There is also a large range of stabling in which are kept a fine stud of horses.

About thirty experienced men are constantly employed, and it should be noticed that every department is maintained in an admirable state of efficiency. The directorate includes men of high standing in business and commercial circles, the directors being as follows:— Arthur Evans, Esq., J.P. (chairman), H. E. Dunning, Esq., Richard Searle, Esq., Alfred Williams, Esq., Alfred H. Herring, Esq., and Richard Searle, Esq., junior, the two latter gentlemen being managing directors. The secretary is Mr. E. H. Willey, an industrious and exceedingly courteous gentleman.

An extensive trade is being controlled by the Castle Brewery Company, and their productions are well known and highly appreciated throughout Newport borough, Monmouthshire, Gloucestershire, Herefordshire, Devonshire, Glamorganshire, and Somerset. The hops and malt used in the brewing are selected from the best growths in the country, and the various processes of manufacture are carried on in the most efficient manner, so as to insure the best possible results. As bright, pleasant, palatable beverages, these ales have few equals in the district, and the constant increase in the demand is manifest evidence that they are giving satisfaction to all sorts and conditions of consumers. Light dinner ale, mild and pale ale, “vatted ale,” and ”castle underground” (XXXX), as well as superior stout, are among the leading lines, and in each kind the house has succeeded in establishing a good name. The company are straightforward and honourable in all their dealings, and by their liberal policy they retain the continued patronage of all who once come into business relations with them. No effort or expense is spared to keep up the foremost position they occupy in the ranks of brewers, and to which they are so justly entitled by their long and prosperous business career. In private life they are well known throughout the district, and are universally respected for their ability, public services, and personal worth.

THOMAS PARRY, AUCTIONEER AND ESTATE AGENT,
HIGH STREET, NEWPORT (MON.).

MR. THOMAS PARRY established his present prosperous business some twenty years ago. There are few men in the profession in South Wales that are as well known, and the valuable reputation that pertains to the name of Mr. Thomas Parry is conclusive proof of the sound commercial principles upon which the business has always been conducted. The premises occupied comprise a suite of three handsomely-appointed offices, immediately above the well-known music warehouse of Messrs. Newman & Sons in the High Street, where an adequate staff of clerks is employed, and an extensive business is transacted. Mr. Parry’s operations embrace every branch of auctioneering business, and take effect in a number of other departments usually associated therewith, and every sale conducted under the auspices of his name is assured of a numerous concourse of buyers. All classes of land, house, and estate agency business is transacted, and among other work largely engaged in Mr. Parry effects general valuations for probate, assessments for fire losses, tenant right, and hotel valuation work, and the like. In addition to this business Mr. Parry is the superintendent registrar of births, deaths, and marriages for the district of Newport (Mon.), chairman of the Newport and Monmouthshire Bill-posting Company, Limited, a director of St. Julian’s Brick and Tile Company, Limited, and a valued and useful member of the Monmouthshire County Council, on the Standing Joint, Asylum, Weights and Measures, and Technical Instruction, Committees on which he has served, being chairman of the last mentioned important committees, and a liberal supporter of every social 'movement calculated to advance the welfare of the community in which he dwells. The business is in a splendid condition of progressive prosperity, a state in which it is well sustained by the ability and judgment that mark Mr. Parry’s administration, and a first-class connection is consequently maintained among the well-to-do classes, landed proprietors, house-owners, and business men, not only locally, but throughout the length and breadth of the Principality.

THE TALBOT HOTEL,
NEWPORT (MON.)
PROPRIETOR, MR. D. E. HUMPHREYS.

THE above hotel is prominently and conveniently situated at the bottom of Charles Street, and in close proximity to the “Empire,” and in the midst of the principal places of business. It is built on the site of one of the oldest houses in the town, formerly known as the Parrot Hotel. Mr. Humphreys took possession of that establishment some twelve years ago, and some six years after, to meet the requirements of his increasing and improving trade, the ancient structure was pulled down, and the present modern building erected from designs by Mr. Chatwin, a well-known architect of Birmingham. The premises now consist of a splendid block of four-storey buildings of an eminently attractive style of architecture. The interior has been arranged with every regard to the requirements of present-day hotel life, and is replete with all the appliances and comforts of a modern first-class hotel. On the ground floor are the public bar and vaults; also the private bar, which is elegantly appointed and upholstered in plush, the smoke-room, a spacious apartment furnished in black oak with bright red leather seatings, and likewise the billiard-room, which is equipped with one of Messrs. Burroughes & Watts’ tables. The first floor comprises a large commercial-room, well supplied with tables and desks for the use of its occupants, together with coffee-room, dining-room, and private writing room, all handsomely furnished in black oak. The second and third floors are occupied with the bedrooms, which are about twenty in number. These are lofty and well ventilated, and particularly clean and comfortable in appearance. The kitchens are on the upper floor, and are equipped with all the latest and best appliances. The whole of the pile is lighted by electricity, and fitted up with electric communication, while every precaution has been taken with the sanitary arrangements.

The cuisine is well known in Newport and among visitors for its general excellence. An experienced chef is kept at the head of affairs, and the cooking will always be found of a first-rate character, the viands including all the delicacies of the season. There is an excellent staff of about twenty servants, and the service and attendance in every department leave nothing to be desired. One of the most enjoyable tables d'hote is provided here daily at 1.30 p.m., and the culinary capability of the house is so well known that Mr. Humphrey is the recognised caterer for public banquets. The house is very popular with commercial gentlemen, who find here every comfort they can anticipate, well-appointed commercial-room, large and admirably-lighted stock-rooms, good catering, and exceedingly moderate charges. The proprietor has had a long and valuable experience in hotel management, and his name is held in great respect throughout South Wales. He is attentive and considerate to all his guests, and unceasing in his efforts to forestall their wants and requirements. Under his courteous and efficient management the prosperity of the “Talbot” has increased in a very notable manner, and all who once visit his well conducted establishment will be sure, as occasion serves, to become regular patrons.

D. P. DAVIES & CO., WOOLLEN MERCHANTS,
CLOTH HALL, 12, TREDEGAR PLACE, NEWPORT (MON.).

IN connection with the extensive and important interests of the trade in woollen goods, a representative position has for many years been successfully maintained in Newport by the well-known and old-established house of Messrs. D. P. Davies, who carry on a very substantial trade as woollen merchants, &c. This prosperous and flourishing old concern was originally founded as far back as about eighty years ago, and for about thirty years has been carried on by a member of the Davies family, and has thus for more than three-quarters of a century pursued a continuous career of steady increase and progressive development. The headquarters of the firm were until recently in High Street, and it was only quite lately that the business was transferred to the present address. The premises now occupied comprise a commanding corner shop, having three excellent show windows, and the interior fittings and appointments are admirably arranged for the convenient display of the stock, while at the rear is a capital office and roomy warehouses. A very extensive and varied selection of the newest and most fashionable cloths of all kinds is shown, including the finest productions of the leading West of England and Yorkshire mills. Messrs. D. P. Davies & Co. also keep on hand an abundant supply of all kinds of hosiery, &c., for gentlemen’s wear. A numerous staff of experienced assistants are employed, and Mr. Davies personally superintends all the details of the working of the business. He is well known and highly respected in the trade and among a numerous and widespread clientele.

F. R. BATES, ARCHITECT AND SURVEYOR,
ARLINGTON CHAMBERS, 4, COMMERCIAL STREET, NEWPORT (MON.).

THIS business was recently established in Newport by Mr. F. R. Bates, who has had fifteen years’ practical training in his profession in the midland and southern counties, and was formerly with the well-known firm of Graham, Son & Hichcox, of Newport. The offices are very centrally situated in Arlington Chambers, Commercial Street, and comprise convenient drawing and private offices. Experienced assistants are employed under the superintendence of Mr. Bates, who undertakes general surveying, quantities, and estimates, and all work connected with the profession. He has recently designed the Oddfellows’ Hall at Wool, in Dorsetshire, a public hall for Treharria, a reading institute for Blaina, and a Wesleyan chapel for the same town, for which his design was selected in public competition. Another branch of the business is the leasing and sale of building land of which he has numeous plots in Newport and district. Mr. Bates is thoroughly capable and experienced in all branches of his profession, and all business entrusted to him receives skilful and careful attention, and is carried out in a manner that is thoroughly satisfactory to his patrons and creditable to himself.

R. ARTHUR & SON, ENGINEERS, SMITHS, BOILERMAKERS,&C.
NEWCASTLE ENGINE WORKS, COOMASSIE STREET, NEWPORT (MON.).

THE Newcastle Engine Works, which are the property of Messrs. R. Arthur & Son, would afford a genuine pleasure to any engineering expert visiting them, in the spectacle which they present of an establishment admirably adapted in its arrangements to the purposes which it is intended to serve, and supplied, in an exceptionally complete manner, with all the requisite mechanical tools. This excellently conducted business was established many years ago on the Old Dock. Some seven years ago Mr. R. Arthur, the Proprietor, found that, as a consequence of the technical skill, the wide experience, and the unwearied industry which he had expended in creating a valuable connection, the demands upon his producing resources had grown to such an extent that it was necessary to acquire more extended premises. Mr. Arthur, therefore, proceeded to erect the commodious works which he now occupied, and which were specially designed for the requirements of his business. Shortly afterwards he admitted into partnership his son, who had previously qualified himself for the position by a thorough theoretical and practical training as a mechanical engineer, and whose assistance is now of the greatest value in the conduct of the works.

The new premises are most conveniently situated near the Alexandra Dock office. They represent, in every way, the best modern ideas in style and construction, including a main block of buildings, with two wings and large yards. In the main building is a suite of well- appointed general and private offices, furnished with all the requisites for the prompt dispatch of the firm’s necessarily extensive commercial business. Adjacent is a lofty fitting-shop, with various mechanical appliances. The appliances include a powerful crane, planing machine, several modern lathes, slotting and drilling machines, &c. In close proximity is the smiths’ shop, containing several hearths and a steam-hammer. At the rear is a spacious moulding-shop, and a store-room for castings. The yards contain rolls for rolling plates, with furnaces and boiler sheds. All the working plant and labour-saving machinery are of the most approved modern type. An ample experience has been utilised, and a considerable amount of capital has been judiciously invested in providing mechanical tools which enable the firm to effect material economies in time and labour, and so to quote notably moderate prices for their productions. This accounts for much of the marked success which has recently attended their enterprise. Messrs. R. Arthur & Son manufacture boilers of all types for stationary and marine engines, and also every description of wheels, pulleys, blocks, pumps, shafting, axles, and castings to any design. They also execute, promptly and carefully, repairs to ships engines and boilers, stationary engines, locomotives, and machines of all kinds. As iron and brass founders, coppersmiths, &c., they produce castings to order with the utmost accuracy, working to designs, drawings, or specifications.

THOMAS SPITTLE, LIMITED, IRONFOUNDERS, ENGINEERS, PIPE MANUFACTURERS, AND BOILER MAKERS,
CAMBRIAN FOUNDRY, NEWPORT (MON.).

THIS extensive business furnishes a notable example of the manner in which representative industries on a large scale have been developed in the busy town of Newport. The Cambrian Foundry was established upwards of half a century ago by Mr. Thomas Spittle, grandfather of the present managing director of the concern. The latter gentleman, also named Thomas Spittle, succeeded to the control of the business in 1882. Two years prior to that it had been converted into a limited company by the late Mr. Spittle, under the present title. For cast-iron pipes of all descriptions this house enjoys a national reputation. The works are very extensive, with a splendid equipment of the most improved and effective plant and machinery; and these valuable manufacturing resources, coupled with very superior facilities of transport by rail and water, afford unsurpassed conveniences for the conduct of an immense industry and the development of an influential trade in all markets at home and abroad. Some idea of the magnitude of the business may be gathered from the fact that the foundry and works, yards, stores, &c., occupy about seven acres of ground, with a river frontage on the Usk of about three hundred yards, and give employment to between two hundred and fifty and three hundred hands, including a large number of highly skilled workmen.

Enormous stocks are kept in all the different kinds of iron pipes produced by the Company, the available supply of pipes held in readiness to meet immediate requirements amounting to no less than two thousand tons. In fact, they are the largest makers of pipes in Wales or the West. These include all manner of pipes for gas and water works. The firm have running contracts with the corporations of Newport, Cardiff, Swansea, Barry, &c., &c., and for steam and hydraulic machinery, the different makes embracing pipes with flanges, spigots, and faucets, and turned and bored joints, suitable either for lead joints or patent joints without lead or yarn. These pipes are of the first quality of material, and among the many notable pieces of machinery comprised in the splendid equipment of the Cambrian Foundry we noticed a pipe-testing machine and engine for testing pipes up to a pressure of two thousand pounds per square inch, thus ensuring the utmost reliability. At the time of our visit to the firm’s works they had just been testing some six-inch hydraulic pipes made for the Alexandra Dock Company; the pressure they were to stand according to the specifications was one ton per square inch, and this they withstood to the entire satisfaction of the inspector.

In addition to their leading lines in iron pipes, the company manufacture iron columns, girders, tanks, pumps, tram plates, colliery plant, railway and shipping rollers, and castings of every description for ironworks, shipbuilders, docks, collieries, engineers, and general purposes, the greatest care being bestowed upon constructional ironwork to ensure strength and durability. Special attention is also given to the production of such important goods as hydraulic tubes and fittings, pipes and tubes for marine and agricultural boilers, and to the construction of locomotives suitable for collieries, docks, contractors, and general works traffic. The company’s locomotives are of a compact, useful, and powerful type, and four excellent specimens of their work in this department may be seen plying in their own yards. Other noteworthy manufactures with which Messrs. Thomas Spittle, Limited, have associated their name include lamp columns, wrought-iron lamp-holders, copper and tin lamps, crab-winches, rope-pulleys of all sizes for pit-work, &c., manhole covers, gully and ventilating grates, wrought-iron tanks, bolts and nuts, lamp-racks for safety lamps, spur-wheels and pinions, fire-doors and frames, sight-holes, hydraulic mains, ship-pumps, and many other products of a kindred nature, in all of which a very high standard of excellence is maintained. The patent cask stand above illustrated is designed for the purpose of gently tilting liquids without disturbing the sediment, and is made in two sizes. It can be fitted with rollers, so as to admit of being easily pushed into a recess, &c. Thynne’s patent pipe (see illustration) is arranged so that the joint can be made without bolts and nuts, or yarn and lead. These pipes are easily and quickly laid, and are strongly recommended.

Altogether the industry is one of the most important and comprehensive in the district. Its productions are held in general esteem and confidence, and the works, in point of mechanical equipment and general facilities, are among the most complete of the kind in the West of England. The engineering department is specially accommodated at a well-appointed branch establishment on the east side of the river, where a numerous and skilled staff is employed. The company enjoy the support of a wide and valuable connection, and control a trade which is marked by continuous growth and expansion. Mr. Thomas Spittle, the energetic and experienced managing director of this influential concern, was formerly a member of the Newport Town Council, and resides at Llanhennock. He is a thoroughly capable and painstaking business man, specially qualified by practical knowledge to administer the affairs of a great industry of this class; and at all times he has evinced a lively interest in local matters, which has gained for him the respect of the community. The late Mr. Thomas Spittle, founder of the business, was also a Town Councillor, and a prominent figure in the public life of his time. He distinguished himself by building two large iron clippers on the east side of the Usk, for the tea trade. These fine vessels, named the “Iron King” and the “Iron Queen,” are still actively engaged in various branches of foreign trade, and uphold their reputation for speed and general capacity.

HENRY J. FILLINGER & CO., STOCK AND SHARE BROKERS,
45, HIGH STREET, NEWPORT (MON.)
(LATE BETTON SAYCE, VAUGHAN & CO.).

THE extensive connection in South Wales was originally founded by Mr. Samuel J. Sayce in 1848, at which time there were few or no stockbrokers in South Wales. After a number of years he was succeeded by his son, Mr. Betton Sayce, who took into partnership Mr. H. Vaughan and Sir Francis Blackwood, Bart, who continued this business together until the present firm acquired it. Mr. Henry J. Pillinger (who was with the senior member, Mr. Samuel J. Sayce) has been closely connected with and well known in financial circles in South Wales, and has very close connection with all the busy centres of England and Wales, in addition to numerous correspondents in Scotland and Ireland. This firm has from time to time taken part in several large projects requiring financial assistance. They issue a comprehensive share list, and it may be mentioned they were the originators of the paper reports which appear in the financial columns of the South Wales papers weekly. They take a good part in the investment of trust moneys, having always the command of a good amount of stock, available under the Trustee Investment Act of 1889; in addition to which they have extensive dealing in all railway stocks, notably Taff Vale, Rhymney, Barry Railway, Cambrian, Mid Wales, Neath & Brecon, Brecon & Merthyr, Severn &: Wye, and in the numerous coal and iron shares; also in all the commercial enterprises not only of the district, but the West of England. The firm have numerous agents on the London and every provincial Stock Exchange, thus giving every facility for dealings in any security. They take part in the underwriting and floating of limited liability companies, and assist in various other ways.
Telegraphic address: “Pillinger, Newport”; National Telephone No. 127.

JONES BROTHERS & CO., STEAMSHIP OWNERS AND SHIP AND INSURANCE BROKERS,
DOCK STREET, NEWPORT (MON.): AND AT CARDIFF.

THE firm of Messrs. Jones Brothers & Co. has a history which goes back to 1847, and are the oldest firm of shipbrokers in the town. The firm was established in 1847, by Mr. George Inglis Jones, the present senior partner of the firm, to whose far-seeing commercial instincts, thorough technical knowledge of the staple trades of the district, and indomitable energy much of the notable success of the enterprise has been due. Mr. G. J. Jones was afterwards joined by Messrs. M. M. and William Jones, when the firm assumed its present style and title of Jones Brothers & Co. Their premises, which are conveniently situated in Dock Street, in the midst of the leading mercantile quarter of the town, are very commodious, and comprise a suite of admirably appointed general offices, together with private rooms for the use of the members of the firm. The offices are furnished with all the requisites for the prompt despatch of the immense correspondence and other commercial business which is necessitated by the numerous transactions of the house. The registered telegraphic address — a familiar one in many leading business houses in all parts of the world — is: “Brothers, Newport.”

A large and efficient clerical staff is employed in the offices, many of the members being experts in their several departments. For the greater facility of making shipments at Cardiff, the firm also maintain a well-equipped establishment at Mountstuart Square. The staff at headquarters is under the direct personal control of Messrs. G. J. and W. Jones; that in the Cardiff establishment is supervised by Mr. M. M. Jones. All questions of moment arising in either of the offices are promptly and personally dealt with by the principals. Since 1859 the firm have been steamship-owners, and are at present the proprietors of the steamers “Friary” and “Bryn Glas,” both recently constructed and powerfully engined vessels, engaged in the East Indian trade. They conduct a large and ever-growing business in exporting coal to Continental and Mediterranean ports, and, indeed, to all coaling stations in every part of the world where there is a demand for the unrivalled steam-coal of the district. On the other hand they import large quantities of pitwood, and of grain from Eastern ports. As the oldest firm of shipbrokers in Newport they are well known and are held in high esteem in commercial circles in every part of the globe. Messrs. Jones Brothers & Co., in addition to the conduct of their own business, act as agents for several very important concerns. Thus they represent the Newport, Plymouth, and New York regular line of steamers, and are also agents for the celebrated Muntz’s Metal Company, whose productions are much in request in every important seaport.

The firm owes much to the personality of Mr. George Inglis Jones whose activity is unabated. He is Vice-Consul for Sweden and Norway, a harbour commissioner, ex-president of the Newport Chamber of Commerce, director of the Eastern Dry-dock Company, and chairman of the South Monmouthshire Conservative Association. He resides at Maindee Park, in the vicinity of Newport, amidst the well-earned honour and respect of his neighbours. All the members of this eminent firm are distinguished for their thorough business aptitude and for the high commercial principles which animate all their transactions.

THOMAS PLUMMER, CARRIAGE BUILDER, &C.,
PORTLAND STREET, NEWPORT (MON.).

ABOUT seven years ago Mr. Thomas Plummer, of Portland Street, succeeded to the flourishing carriage-building business which some twenty years previously had been established by his father, who enjoyed the entire confidence of a large circle of customers. The present proprietor has not only fully maintained the excellent traditions which were bequeathed him, but has considerably extended the connection of the house. Such has been the success achieved that two years ago Mr. Plummer found himself justified in building the commodious new premises which he now occupies, which have been specially adapted to the purposes of the trade. They comprise a spacious area, which is partly utilised as open yards and is partly covered with buildings devoted to the different industrial operations. There are well-appointed offices with all the requisites for the convenient despatch of the considerable amount of commercial business necessitated by the numerous transactions of the firm. A spacious show-room always contains a representative assortment of the strongly-built and handsomely-finished vehicles produced by the firm. There are commodious smiths’ shops, paint-shops, and stores. All the industrial departments are provided with the necessary labour-saving mechanical appliances. All the manufacturing processes, therefore, are performed under the best possible conditions, and with such economy that the proprietor is enabled to quote the most moderate prices for vehicles of the best materials and the most careful finish.

Mr. Plummer builds all varieties of wagonettes, phaetons, dog-carts, rustic and business carts, lurries, vans, bakers’, butchers’, and grocers’ carts, &c. He also conducts a large repairing business. In this connection smith and wheelwright work, painting, upholstering, and general renovation are undertaken. The firm has a special reputation for the excellence of its work in dogcarts, country carts, and carts for the use of different classes of tradesmen. A large number of these vehicles which have been specially built to order are now regularly employed throughout the district. The output of the firm is such as to give regular employment to some fifteen highly-skilled workmen, some of whom are experts in the artistic decoration of carriages. All their work is done under the personal supervision of Mr. Plummer, whose large experience in all the departments of the business materially aids him in meeting the special requirements of each of his numerous customers. His zeal in this respect has gained Mm much popularity in the town and district.

THOMAS H. HOWELL, IRON AND OIL MERCHANT,
LLANARTH STREET, NEWPORT (MON.).

THIS large and important business dates its history from the year 1840, when it was founded by the late Mr. Aaron Crosfield, who was joined in 1846 by the late Mr. Samuel Miles Phillips, under the firm name of Crosfield & Phillips. Five years later the style was altered to Phillips & Gething, and in 1853 it became S. M. & H. Phillips. In 1863 Mr. Henry Phillips, J.P., was sole proprietor, and on his retirement in 1879 the concern passed into the hands of its present sole proprietor, Mr. Thomas H. Howell, who had been connected with the firm since 1855, and had since 1865 occupied the position of manager. To Mr. Howell’s energy and sound practical skill the great growth of the business in recent years is mainly due. Up to the year 1872 the house had its headquarters in Commercial Buildings, Commercial Street, but increased accommodation then became necessary, and a move was made to the commodious premises now occupied in Llanarth Street. Here there is very extensive storage space, and every facility exists for the conduct of a trade of much more than ordinary magnitude, a large part of the premises having lately been rebuilt to meet the special requirements of Mr. Howell’s trade in iron, oils, and kindred commodities. The whole establishment is now very completely organised, and the iron warehouses contain a vast stock, consisting of many hundreds of tons of iron and steel, in ship and boiler plates, angles, sheets, bars, bulbs, tees, &c.; also tubes, chain, bolts and nuts, rivets, anvils, vices, and other kinds of engineers’ and smiths’ requirements. In addition to the above Mr. Howell’s warehouses accommodate very large supplies of lead, copper, brass, zinc, block tin, spelter, &c., together with such important sundries as grindstones, shovels, cement, alkali, &c., &c.

As an oil merchant Mr. Howell has for many years imported the principal oils in which he deals, notably, olive, seal, castor, colza, rapeseed, also Russian and American, cylinder, burning, and lubricating oils — these oils being stored principally in large tanks capable of holding many tuns each. Adjoining the oil warehouse are other warehouses wherein are stored large quantities of turpentine, petroleum, tallow, paints and colours, tar, resin, hemp, yarn, waste, &c., &c. This establishment is, in fact, a vast emporium of oils, metals, paints, chemicals, and engineers’ requisites, and in all these goods Mr. Howell does a trade which is undoubtedly one of the largest of its kind in South Wales and Monmouthshire. He has a very extensive and valuable connection among large works in South Wales and the Midlands, supplying these concerns with large quantities of oils, tallow, &c., &c., and an important business has also been worked up among shipbuilders and ship-repairers in Bristol, Chepstow, Cardiff, Swansea, and other ports. Employment is given to a numerous staff of hands, all of whom have had a thorough practical experience in the trade, and the whole business is personally supervised by the proprietor, who is popular with his men and much esteemed by his customers. Mr. Howell holds several important agencies, viz., for the West Hartlepool Steel and Iron Company, Limited, for Bristol, Newport and South Wales; also the agency for the district for the sale of Messrs. W. Barrows & Son’s (Tipton) BBH Iron, and of Messrs. James Russell & Son’s, Limited (Wednesbury), tubes and fittings.

Mr. Thomas H. Howell is well known in public life as well as in commercial affairs, and has rendered good service to Newport in his capacity of councillor for the North Ward, which important municipal office he has held with great credit since his election thereto in 1888.
The telegraphic address of this prominent house is, “Howell, Newport (Mon.).” The telephone numbers are: Post Office, No. 51; Western. Counties, No. 37.

ALFRED SIMMONDS, HATTER, HOSIER, AND GENERAL OUTFITTER,
26, HIGH STREET, NEWPORT (MON.).

MR. ALFRED SIMMONDS opened business in the High Street some sixteen years ago. By making it a hard-and-fast rule to supply goods of the best quality and most fashionable make at the lowest possible prices consistent with equitable trading, Mr. Simmonds’s business early showed extraordinary developing, tendencies, which resulted in such an accession to his business that scarcely four years had elapsed before he entered upon his present more convenient and commodious quarters in the same main thoroughfare. Here, the spacious ground floor of his four-storeyed depot is elegantly appointed in the best modern style, the anterior moiety for the display and sale of hosiery, gloves, braces, ties, collars, cuffs, shirts, umbrellas, and outfitting items of every description for gentlemen, and the rear for silk, felt, straw, cloth, and other hats and caps by all the leading manufacturers. Another important branch of the business is that of bespoke clothing, Mr. Simmonds having been for several years the local agent for the Wood Street Clothing Company, Limited (late C. J. Kino), and every description of gentlemen’s clothing is made up of the best materials, and a perfect and stylish fit is guaranteed. A great variety of the newest and best cloths are kept in stock and pattern, and the garments turned out give the highest satisfaction to his patrons. Specialities include Lincoln & Bennett’s hats, travelling rugs and shawls, mackintoshes, umbrellas, and football and cricketing outfits. Mr. Simmonds supplies the Newport Football Club with all their requisites. A speciality of the business is their noted trousers at 13s. 6d. per pair. Each article kept in stock is representative of the best qualities proper to its kind, and every department is replete with fashionable novelties strictly up to date. The high reputation of the establishment has always been its best advertisement, and this, coupled with the efficiency and sound judgment that continue to mark the methods of its administration, has secured and retained for the house a patronage characterised by every attribute of desirability and distinction.

THE SOUTH WALES BRATTICE CLOTH AND INDIA RUBBER-COMPANY, LIMITED,
179, DOCK STREET, NEWPORT (MON.);
WORKS: EAST USK ROAD.

THE inception of this noted Company goes back to the year 1868, when operations were commenced by the late Mr. R. H. Richards, and by him were carried forward with notable energy, ability, and success. He continued at the head of affairs as managing director to the limited liability company until his death in 1888, at which date he was succeeded in his office by Mr. A. M. James, who had for some time filled the post of manager under him. As a result of the spirited policy of Mr. James, the transactions of the Company have been extended in every direction. The premises in Dock Street comprise a large double-fronted shop, the interior of which has been admirably arranged and fitted up with every requisite and convenience for the adequate accommodation of the goods and the satisfactory control of the business. The well-appointed suite of offices is on the first floor. The works and wholesale warehouses at East Usk Road cover a large area, and have recently been rebuilt and re-arranged throughout on the most modern and improved lines. No care or expense has been spared in the equipment, which comprises plant and machinery of the most efficient kind, and many special labour-saving appliances, a numerous body of workpeople being employed. Under such favourable conditions an extensive and fast-increasing trade is controlled in the manufacture of brattice doth, air tubing, tarpaulin, rick cloths, railway truck covers, and horse cloths. In these and kindred goods the Company have earned a well-deserved reputation, and their productions are accepted as standards of excellence in their respective lines. Only the best and most suitable material is used, and every article is turned out strong, durable, and thoroughly well finished. From the extensive facilities the firm possess in manufacturing, they can produce at the minimum of cost, and prices here will always be found among the lowest, whilst the unsullied reputation the house has enjoyed for a quarter of a century is ample guarantee that the recognised quality will be fully maintained.

In addition to being manufacturers, the firm are extensively occupied as merchants in indiarubber for all mechanical purposes, valves, sheets, washers, buffer springs, belting, hose, engine packing, asbestos goods, roofing felt and canvas, and all descriptions of colliery and ironworks requisites. Large and varied stocks are held, which have been selected with a thorough knowledge of the requirements of the trade, and from which orders of any magnitude can be filled promptly and satisfactorily. The connection extends throughout the Principality and to many parts of England, in addition to which the Company export largely to the Colonies, United States, and Japan. Every effort is made by the Company to push the business, special quotations and discounts are given for quantities, and all goods are delivered free in England and Wales unless under £2 in value. Mr. James is thoroughly familiar with every branch of this many-sided business, and is noted in trade and commercial circles for his fair and honourable mode of doing business. The chairman of the Company is A. Garrod Thomas, Esq., M.D., a gentleman well known and respected in Newport and the district, not only for his high professional standing and the genial manner in which he performs his magisterial and municipal duties, but also for the active interest he takes in many commercial enterprises in the borough.

PARTRIDGE, JONES & CO., LIMITED, COLLIERY PROPRIETORS,
ABER&YCHAN; AND 93, DOCK STREET, NEWPORT (MON.).

THE firm of Messrs. Partridge, Jones & Co., Limited, is worthy of special notice in the record of the industries and commerce of Newport. The business was founded over thirty years ago, under the style of Partridge & Jones, and its operations were developed and increased so much that about eighteen years ago it was found desirable to convert it into a limited company, under the style of Partridge, Jones & Co., Limited, with Mr. W. B. Partridge as chairman, and Mr. Edward Jones as managing director. The company are the owners of several important collieries, situated within a radius of twenty miles round Newport, including Varteg, Llanerch, Blanserchan, Hafod Yan Plasycoed, and Llanhilleth, The total output of these collieries amounts to nearly two thousand tons per day, and these figures will be largely increased during the course of next year by the development of the Llanhilleth Black Vein steam-coal pits. They are worked by the latest methods of mining science, and an efficient system of management is maintained amongst the large body of hands employed by the firm. The Llanhilleth Pits, which have recently been sunk to the celebrated Black Vein seam of steam coals, are now in working order, and are provided with modern plant and appliances of the most approved kind. The analysis of this coal proves it to be of remarkably pure quality, and it finds a ready market where high-class steam coal is required. The Llanerch and Varteg coal is used largely for general steam purposes, for forges, making gas, and for household purposes. The Red Ash coal, produced at the company’s various house-coal collieries, commands a good sale for local consumption, and is shipped to the West of England and Ireland. The shipping offices of the company are at 93, Dock Street, Newport, near the old docks. The firm are large exporters of steam and house coal to France, Spain, Portugal, Italy, and other Continental ports.
The telegraphic address for the collieries is “Partridge, Tallywain,” and for the shipping office, “Partridge, Newport.” The telephone numbers are Tallywain, No. 10, and Newport, No. 21. The registered offices of the company are at Abersychan, near Pontypool, and the nearest railway station is Tallywain. The firm is eminently representative of its class, and occupies a high position and reputation among the commercial circles of South Wales and Monmouthshire.

THE MERCANTILE COMPANY, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL CLOTHIERS, MANUFACTURERS, AND MERCHANTS,
LIVERPOOL HOUSE, 96 97, COMMERCIAL ROAD, AND 66, CHEPSTOW ROAD, MAINDEE, NEWPORT (MON.).

THIS business was initiated more than a quarter of a century ago by the present sole proprietors, Messrs. A. J. and E. Jacobs. A favourable start was effected, and the business grew rapidly in extent and importance. Some eight years ago, in order to meet the vast increase in the trade, the premises were rebuilt. They now consist of a spacious and attractive block of three-storey buildings occupying a commanding corner position, and having a frontage of ninety feet to Commercial Road, together with a depth of one hundred and seven feet. The ground floor comprises an extensive shop with two main entrances and six fine plate-glass show windows. The interior of the shop has been capitally arranged for the business carried on, and handsomely fitted up with every requisite for the accommodation of the goods and the comfort of visitors. There is an office at the rear, and also a large boot and shoe fitting room, as well as a department for the sale of watches, clocks, guns, field-glasses, sextants, musical instruments, jewellery, and general shipping goods. The first floor, which is reached by a wide staircase, contains a suite of private offices, an extensive show-room, and several work-rooms fitted with sewing machines and other appliances for the manufacture of clothing. The various departments of this extensive business find employment for a considerable staff of hands, and it is interesting to note the admirable system and management which the proprietors maintain. Here is carried on the largest and most diversified business in Newport.

All the goods handled by the firm are obtained from the best-known manufacturers and under the most favourable conditions. Being bought in large quantities, every advantage is secured in price, and purchasers at the Liverpool House will find that neither in variety of selection and reasonable prices can they possibly do better in the district. The speciality of the business consists in supplying ships with clothing, nautical instruments, and every requisite in furniture, and also with stores. The bespoke clothing department occupies a prominent position. An efficient staff of cutters and tailors is kept, and a good choice of the latest and most fashionable material is always on hand from which to select. Every satisfaction in style and fit is guaranteed. The stocks which the house holds are immense in bulk, and comprise a large variety of each of the multifarious articles of which they consist. The leading lines are: large quantities of ready-made clothing for men and boys; woollen, Oxford, serge, print, and white shirts, drawers, jumpers; every description of hosiery, hats and caps, blankets, travelling rugs, beds and bedding, boots and shoes (including sea-boots and indiarubber Napoleon and fishing boots), waterproof coats, nautical instruments, barometers, marine and opera glasses, cutlery (Haywood’s celebrated make), gold and silver watches, clocks, pianos, harmoniums, and musical instruments; guns, revolvers, and ammunition; diamond rings and pins, and every description of jewellery. The Company are the sole agents for the celebrated firm of Messrs. Bertrand Fils, of Liege, the largest gun manufacturers in the world. It should be noticed that a large business is being done in exchanging foreign money. The connection of this establishment is widespread, and its annual increase is a sure indication that business is being conducted on popular lines. The partners give their close personal supervision to the various departments of their concern, and by this means have built up their present large connection. In trade and commercial circles the Messrs. Jacobs occupy a position of prominence, and their house is well known in Newport and surrounding districts.

HEYBYRNE & BROWN, ACCOUNTANTS, AUDITORS, INSURANCE UNDERWRITERS, HOUSE, ESTATE, AND COMMISSION AGENTS, &C.,
1, FRIARS CHAMBERS, DOCK STREET, NEWPORT (MON.).

THIS important and prominently representative firm was originally founded in the year 1862, by Messrs. Harse & Brown. After the death of the latter gentleman several changes took place in its composition, by the admission of Mr. Heybyrne (who acted as chief clerk for many years) into the firm. On Mr. Harse’s retirement, Mr. L. J. Brown, a son of the deceased partner, joined the firm, which was altered to the style and title of Heybyrne & Brown, the business having been carried on under the present style since the year 1886. The partners are Mr. Francis John Heybyrne and Mr. Lucian James Brown, and both gentlemen are active and energetic business men of extensive and valuable experience, who are respected and enjoy the confidence and support of a widespread circle of friends and connections. Messrs. Heybyrne & Brown occupy handsome and commodious offices known as Friars Chambers, and situated in a commanding corner position in Dock Street, where they are very centrally and conveniently placed for business purposes. They employ an efficient staff of clerks and have spacious and well-appointed rooms for the meetings of public companies, &c. Their telephone address is No. 139, National Telephone Company; they have also offices at West Bute Street, Docks, Cardiff, and High Street, Barry. In addition to their extensive and important general practice, Messrs. Heybyrne & Brown hold appointments as district managers for several large insurance companies, among which is the Marine and General Mutual Life Assurance Society. They have also considerable business arising in connection with various public offices held by the senior partner, Mr. Heybyrne being managing secretary of the Monmouthshire and South Wales Permanent Benefit Building Society, secretary of the British Workman Public-house Company, and secretary of the Phillips Memorial Temperance Hall, and other appointments.

THE WESTGATE HOTEL,
NEWPORT.
MR. S. DEAN, PROPRIETOR.

THE hotels of Newport are fully in keeping with the general advancement of this busy and progressive town, and among them the Westgate Hotel commands our attention as one of the largest and most perfectly organised first-class hotels in the western counties. It is also one of the oldest, for it was founded as long ago as the year 1709, and for upwards of fifty years was in the occupation of the late Mr. Samuel Hallen, who died in the year 1884. Subsequently the house passed through the hands of many proprietors, always maintaining an excellent reputation, and eventually it was acquired by the company who now own it. Mr. Samuel Dean is the present lessee, and under his able administration the Westgate Hotel in its modernised form has become a prime favourite with the best classes of visitors to Newport. In former days the house became noted not only for its good cheer and excellent accommodation, but also as the stopping place of many important personages visiting this part of the country; and in 1839 it was the scene of the very serious conflict between the local authorities and the Chartists. The rioters, numbering several thousands, met in front of the Westgate Hotel, where the magistrates were assembled with a few soldiers of the 45th Regiment and several special constables. The Chartists broke the windows and fired on the inmates, wounding the Mayor, Mr. (afterwards Sir Thomas) Phillips, and some other persons. The soldiers returned the fire and the mob dispersed, leaving a number of their party dead and wounded. Soon afterwards a detachment of Hussars arrived from Bristol, and the town became tranquil.

Reverting to the hotel as it now stands, we find that the pillars of the vestibule, which still bear the marks of Chartist bullets, are the only remains of the old house, for the place was entirely rebuilt on a magnificent scale in 1887, from the designs of Mr. A. E. Lansdowne, architect. The new edifice is one of the structural ornaments of the town, and is a remarkably handsome block, four storeys high, and covering a large space of ground. It stands at the corner of Stow Hill and Commercial Street (an unrivalled site), and presents a most imposing appearance. The whole of the interior has been carried out in the style of the Italian Renaissance, and the many large and lofty public-rooms are appointed and decorated in a manner combining luxury and comfort with great taste and elegance. In addition to the fine coffee, dining, drawing, smoking, and billiard rooms, there is a grand ball-room, which is also frequently used for banquets, and which will accommodate one hundred and fifty persons. All the private apartments, bedrooms, &c., are furnished in the best style, and are equally comfortable and attractive. There are numerous baths, a luggage lift, and complete precautions against fire. All the sanitary arrangements are in accordance with the best modern methods, and the domestic departments are perfectly equipped. In the corridors visitors will note a number of cases containing interesting “curios” and mementoes of the Chartist riots above referred to, including some of the pikes used by the Chartists

The work of the hotel is performed by a large and intelligent staff, under the personal direction of the proprietor. Mr. Dean has had a great deal of experience in hotel management, and by his constant, attention to all matters of routine he fully ensures the satisfaction of the splendid connection this house enjoys. As regards its cuisine, wines, and general accommodation the Westgate Hotel ranks to-day among the finest in the country, and this is in a large measure the result of Mr. Dean’s careful and capable administration. Mr. Dean is greatly respected in Newport as an enterprising and straightforward business man. He has done a great deal to promote the welfare and popularity of the town, and is personally interested in several of its important industrial undertakings, being a director of the Newport Steam Laundry Company, of J. L. Lloyd & Co., Limited, and of the Newport Aerated Water Company, Limited.

RICHARDS & HOPKINS, ENGINEERS, IRON AND BRASS FOUNDERS,
BRITANNIA WORKS, PILLGWENLLY, NEWPORT (MON.)

THE above named firm originated in 1861 at the above premises, the first partners being Messrs. Pearce & Richards. Subsequently Mr. Pearce retired, and Mr. J. Richards then continued the business under his own name. In 1883 Mr. G. H. Hopkins joined the firm, when the style of Richards & Hopkins was adopted. That title has been retained, and the partnership remains unchanged, Mr. J. Richards and Mr. G. H. Hopkins continuing to direct the affairs of this highly successful house. The Britannia Works cover about two acres of ground, and have been extended from time to time as the growth of the business necessitated. One of the most notable additions made during recent years was the construction of the fine erecting shed, in which the machinery made by the firm is put together. There is also a brassfoundry capable of casting two tons of metal at a time, and another highly interesting department is the large shop for ship-repairing, with an excellent new plant, comprising heavy punching and shearing machines, and powerful rolls for plate-bending, together with a large assortment of other efficient appliances. Here there is a railway siding from the main line and the Docks, affording ample facilities of transport. The older portion of the works includes large turning sheds, smiths’ shops, moulding-shop, pattern-shops, melting cupolas, and coke- making sheds. The machinery in use is all of the best modern type, and includes many powerful and highly effective apparatus, designed to economise labour and improve production. Some of the finest lathes, slotting machines, punching and drilling machines, &c., to be found in the district are in operation at these works, all being driven by compound condensing engines.

Messrs. Richards & Hopkins give employment to about one hundred hands in the various departments of their well-organised establishment, and their manufactures embrace a very comprehensive variety of machinery, including air-compressing engines, winding engines, pumping and donkey engines, blowing and shearing engines, shafting of all kinds, steam hammers, &c., together with iron roofing, girders, pit work and pump work, iron coal-trams, wood coal-trams, pit carriages, points and crossings, turntables, roll screws and boxes, forgings, patent machine-moulded wheels, and every description of iron castings. This firm are makers of duplex briquette machinery, elevators, and disintegrators. The briquette machines have an output of from twenty to two hundred tons per day, according to size and make. Richards & Hopkins’ briquette press is, as will be seen from the illustration, designed on the best fuel machine lines. Its construction is most commendable. In action there is little danger of any of the parts getting out of order. Its operation is rapid. The briquettes are delivered immediately after being pressed by a ram worked off the pressing lever. The block is forced out of the mould before the full power of the cylinder is required for pressing the next. In this way the firm dispense entirely with heavy machinery and with the strain of an incline, and a large amount of steam-power is at the same time saved. The table is circular, and the briquettes are pressed on each side by two separate cylinders. In this way double results are obtained, at a very trifling advance over the ordinary single form. Whenever desirable, only one cylinder need be worked at a time, in which case the output would be reduced one-half. Another important speciality consists in re-tiring and turning railway wheels, for which work the firm have special machinery and very superior facilities generally. The ship-repairing department is also a most notable one, and is equipped with every requisite appliance.

For all their work Messrs. Richards & Hopkins enjoy an eminent reputation, and their productions are greatly esteemed for sound workmanship and perfect finish. The Britannia Works, being situated in close proximity to the Old Docks, have good wharfage, and there are also sidings from the Great Western Railway running right into- the establishment. The firm have a widespread and old-established connection among collieries, ironworks, shipowners, &c., in all parts of South Wales, and they cater to the requirements of their numerous customers in a manner giving the utmost satisfaction. Everything connected with the business is personally superintended by the principals of the firm, who are both thoroughly practical engineers and machinists, and whose technical skill and business capacity have placed this house among the recognised leaders of its important industry.

THE ABERDEEN AND SOUTH WALES MONUMENTAL COMPANY,
159, DOCK STREET, NEWPORT (MON.).

BOTH in respect of the magnitude of its operations and the extent of its premises and its stocks, the Aberdeen and South Wales Monumental Company, which is under the cultured and energetic management of Mr. A. H. James, represents the most important business of its class in the district. As the name of the Company implies, they pioneered the importing of Aberdeen granite and also Italian marbles into Newport, and their imports are in large quantities, and of the finest quality. Mr. James introduced about 1860 the indelible inlaid metallic letters in marble, and received testimonials for the same from all parts of the country. The premises are situated immediately adjoining the Free Library in Dock Street. They cover a considerable area, which is occupied by extensive stone-yards, large sheds, which are used as workshops, with a suite of well-appointed general and private offices, supplied with all the requisites for the prompt despatch of the Company’s commercial business. The several industrial departments are fitted up with stone-cutting and marble-polishing machinery, worked by steam-power cranes, and all other necessary mechanical appliances of the most approved modern type. The yards and show-rooms always contain large stocks of granite and marble monumental works in numerous carved designs, and also a varied and thoroughly representative assortment of marble fittings for butchers, grocers; slabs for counter tops and window furnishing tables and lavatories for hotels, bath-rooms, &c. Supplies also are held at all times of cement, plaster of Paris, drainpipes, chimney-tops, enamelled floor tiles, hearths, stable brick fittings, &c.

The Company have gained a very high reputation for the artistic finish and absolute accuracy with which they carry out all designs in stonework for reredoses, mural tablets, stained memorial windows, and artistic sculpture of every kind for churches and chapels. The large and thoroughly efficient staff of workmen includes highly-skilled experts and designers in stone and marble work, stone-cutters and carvers, all of whose work is performed under the personal supervision and direction of Mr. James, who possesses a thorough technical knowledge of all the branches of this artistic industry. Amongst the numerous beautiful works of art which have been executed by this Company may be instanced the reredos to the memory of Dr. Robothun, and the Jubilee pulpit, specially designed by Mr. James, which was erected in the parish church of Risca, near Newport, to commemorate the Jubilee of Queen Victoria, and also to perpetuate the memory of the clergymen who officiated in the parish during the half-century. It is composed of the celebrated Caen stone, with figures of the four Evangelists in the front panels, having columns of polished red marble with carved capitals and handsome tracery work. The Aberdeen and South Wales Monumental Company is well known throughout the Principality, and has been commercially most successful throughout its lengthy career. These works are the oldest in the county, and were established in the year 1828. Mr. James is personally well known in Newport and the surrounding district and is held in high respect for his commercial abilities.

F. C. SERJENT (LATE MR. G. E. SERJENT), BRASS AND IRON FOUNDER, GENERAL IRONMONGER, &C.,
COURTYBELLA TERRACE, NEWPORT (MON.).

Mr. G. E. Serjent, late of 150, Commercial Road, Newport, for many years carried on a busy and important trade as a bell and general brass and iron founder, and general ironmonger, &c., and was recently succeeded by his son, Mr. F. C. Serjent, who removed the business to the present premises. This Courtybella Terrace undertaking dated from thirty-three years back, when Mr. Serjent senior first established himself in Commercial Road. The present premises comprise foundry and
casting shops, coppersmiths’ shops, &c., fitted very completely with a superior modern plant, lathes, tools and appliances for the many and varied branches of work undertaken. Mr. F. C. Serjent executes the founding of castings of every description in bell-metal, brass and iron, as well as the manufacture of all kinds of marine and engine brasswork, mill and forge brasses, and railway axle-boxes and brasses. Brasses are lined with patent anti-friction metal, and brass-finishing and coppersmiths’ work are done, as well as all kinds of iron and tin-plate work. Taps and fittings, connections, &c., for baths and lavatories and gas-fittings are also made and kept in stock. Mr. F. C. Serjent has a very excellent reputation for sound and thoroughly reliable workmanship, and he has the confidence and support of a very valuable and widespread connection among the principal factories, dock and ship owners, collieries, exporters, and others. He employs a number of skilled and experienced hands under his own personal supervision. Mr. F. C. Serjent is a thoroughly practical man, taking an active part in all multifarious details of his business and he is widely known and respected.

NEWPORT POTTERY COMPANY (MESSRS. ROGERS & CO., PROPRIETORS), MANUFACTURERS OF GARDEN-POTS, POTTERY, VASES, HORTICULTURAL AND ARCHITECTURAL TERRA-COTTAS, &C.,
ALEXANDRA ROAD, NEWPORT (MON.).

For more than half a century this business has been in existence, and, by energetic and well-directed management, has grown annually in the extent of its transactions and the capability of its resources. Some thirty odd years ago Mr. Rogers came into possession. He developed the business with considerable vigour and successfully controlled affairs for a period of fifteen years, when he was succeeded by Mr. Price, the present owner, who trades under the ancient and respected title. During the long career of the business the manufacturing premises have been added to from time to time, and have been furnished with plant and apparatus fully up to date. The premises now comprise various well-arranged making-rooms and packing warehouses, together with numerous large storage sheds for earthenware and terra-cotta goods of all kinds, and spacious yards, with three baking kilns of large capacity. There is also an adequate suite of private and general offices, affording accommodation for a staff of clerks. Commodious premises have been purchased at Crindau, Newport, where the manufacture of building bricks, &c., is carried on. An extensive trade is controlled in the various goods manufactured, and a splendid name has been secured for the uniform and superior excellence of everything turned out. Ridges and finials are manufactured in a variety of styles, sizes, and shapes to fit every pitch of roof, as well as pier caps, enriched panels, &c., in red terra-cotta. Architects’ designs, too, are faithfully carried out, and estimates given for every description of work in this line of business free of cost.

This establishment is well known for the novel and charming designs it has produced in garden vases, including many handsome tazzas of various sizes, moulded vases, and the celebrated Newport and Pelican vases, each of which is two feet three inches in diameter by three feet in height, and form perfect specimens of artistic work. Every conceivable variety of garden pots is made by the Company, who in the manufacture use a clay of marine alluvial formation of a peculiar porosity, admirably suited for this class of pottery. Horticultural terra-cottas and pottery are made leading departments, and Mr. Price is continually adding some desirable novelty in this branch of the business. In quality, selection, and price the Company can offer many special inducements in this line, and the particular increase in this section of the manufacture shows how well they are catering for the requirements of the trade. The firm are also factors of china, earthenware, and yellow-ware. The connection extends to every part of Wales, the west and midland counties of England, and the various commercial centres of Ireland. Mr. Price, who has had a long and valuable experience in every branch of his craft, gives his constant personal supervision to the business in its entirety. He is the recognised representative of the trade, and by his labours and skill he has considerably raised the standard of this class of productions. In all his dealings he is strictly fair and straightforward, and commands the respect of all who know him, whether in business or social life.

J. H. LLOYD & CO., WHOLESALE AND RETAIL IRONMONGERS AND CUTLERS, OIL, FAINT, AND COLOUR MERCHANTS,
31, COMMERCIAL STREET, NEWPORT, MONMOUTHSHIRE.

THE wholesale and retail distribution of every description of ironmongery and general hardware, oils, paints, and colours forms an important branch of business in every great commercial centre, and finds admirable illustration and exemplification in the busy borough of Newport, at the hands of Mr. J. H. Lloyd, who still vigorously conducts the prosperous undertaking which he initiated some fourteen years ago at 131, Commercial Street, from which he recently moved to his present premises, No. 31, in the same street, which were specially built for the business. These consist of a very handsome shop and show-room, extending about forty yards back, with a basement of similar length, and show-rooms above, Mr. Lloyd catering not only to the needs of families resident in the district, but also supplying the trade, his long experience and thorough acquaintance with the leading producers enabling him to obtain picked goods of the soundest quality, and to sell at close market prices. In his well-arranged emporium and large stores attached he displays and holds a very large and comprehensive stock of carefully selected goods comprising every description of household and furnishing ironmongery, builders’ ironmongery of every description, tools for all trades, agricultural and horticultural implements, cutlery and electroplated ware, and an exhaustive series of oils, paints, and colours, all of which are held in heavy stock to meet the exigencies of a large demand. In every department of the business high-class quality is made a feature of special importance, and as already suggested the prices are regulated at the very lowest level consistent with equitable trading, and it is largely due to these facts that the firm has become so widely popular, and that such an extensive and thriving business has been developed. Mr. Lloyd is sole agent for the celebrated “Pyn-ka,” a perfect polishing tablet, unsurpassed for polishing all kinds of metal articles and glassware, and for general household work. “Pyn-ka” is clean and economical in use, it does not corrode, and is not affected by temperature, and is, therefore, admirably adapted for export purposes to any climate. It contains no mercury or deleterious substance, and does not scratch the article on which it is used. It is supplied largely to the British Admiralty, and is supplied to the public in slabs at from one penny to threepence each, according to size.

ALFRED E. GARWOOD, CONSULTING ENGINEER,
GLOUCESTER BANK CHAMBERS, NEWPORT (MON.).

AFTER many years’ professional and practical experience in London, Russia, Egypt, and on the Continent, Mr. Alfred Garwood was engaged for five years as resident engineer of the Alexandra Dock Company, Newport, before establishing himself as a consulting engineer in 1891, and since that time he has been very successful in his business operations. Mr. Garwood occupies a suite of offices in Gloucester Bank Chambers, and, associated with the London office, can at all times command an efficient staff of draughtsmen and clerks. He is a member of the Institute of Civil Engineers, and was formerly Engineer-in-chief of the Mechanical Department the South Russian Railways to the Crimea, and later of the Egyptian Governmental Railways; he undertakes the preparation of plans and specifications, estimations of coal, &c., and all matters connected with civil or mechanical engineering for works, mills, steam-engines, and general plant. He is also the agent for the well-known firm of Stotthert & Pitt, Limited, of Bath, for steam-cranes, overhead gantries, and other specialities, and is well known to the leading makers of iron and steel machinery and other productions. Mr. Garwood was recently elected a member of the South Wales Institute of Civil Engineers, and is managing director of the Newport Ropery Company, Limited, and director of the old-established Broadweir Engineering Works, Bristol, now carried on by Messrs. Watts, Oldham & Co. He enjoys the support of an extensive connection, and to his ability and business habits may be attributed the success he has achieved, and the position he holds in his professional capacity.

WILLIAM EVANS, BOOT MANUFACTURER,
1 AND 2, LLANARTH STREET, NEWPORT (MON.).

IT would be difficult to indicate a better-known or more noteworthy example of the boot trade of Newport than the one whose rise and progress is here referred to. Projected thirteen years ago under the able auspices of its present talented proprietor, Mr. William Evans, the commercial progress of the concern has been both rapid and continuous, four large branch depots having been instituted respectively at 152, Commercial Road, and 12 and 13, High Street. Mr. Evans’s headquarters are most eligibly located in the main commercial thoroughfare of the borough, and occupy a commanding corner position possessed of three large and well-dressed show-windows, a spacious handsomely-appointed shop and show-room combined, and offices and well-equipped workshops at the rear. The High Street branch consists of a similarly constituted double shop, while the depot at 152, Commercial Road consists of a neat, double-fronted shop. The ample, accommodation thus afforded is very fully stocked with boots and shoes of every class and grade, selected with great care and judgment from the leading French and English producers of the day, and particularly from the most noted Leicester and Northampton and London manufacturers. These boots, shoes, and slippers are held in very great variety to meet the wants of all classes of the community, from the dainty French bottine for ladies’ evening wear to the heavy hobnailed labourers’ boots; and among them special prominence is given to the best quality of stitched boots and shoes, known by the names of the “Nobility,” the “Supremacy,” and the “Sensible,” all of which are noted for their elegance and stylish appearance, strength and durability, and moderate prices, and all of which find a ready sale in all parts of the Kingdom. Mr. Evans, moreover, operates on a large scale in the bespoke department, retaining a special staff of skilled craftsmen for that purpose and for undertaking repairs in all its branches. The bespoke goods are in all cases made of the best materials procurable, and in addition to elegance, modern style, and hand or machine work of the very best kind, are guaranteed to fit perfectly, and to afford the utmost comfort for the feet. The five depots are each under efficient management, a staff of close upon thirty hands, all told, being engaged in the various departments. Energetic and enterprising in following up every advance of the times, Mr. Evans thoroughly deserves the distinct success that has attended his house, and he manifestly spares no effort to enhance the reputation he has won, and to retain the full confidence of a large and influential family and general cash connection. Mr. Evans was the first in South Wales to commence the now popular “while you wait” quick-repairing system, and at one time the firm repaired from eight hundred to a thousand pairs of boots per week, and in this branch have scored an enormous success.

JOHN LINTON, BUILDER AND CONTRACTOR, COMMERCIAL STEAM JOINERY WORKS,
NEWPORT (MON.).

IT is now close upon a quarter of a century since Mr. Linton, the present proprietor, founded this business. Having had a long and valuable experience in every branch of the trade, and being intimately acquainted with the requirements of customers, he soon got together a good connection. The original premises were abandoned twenty-one years ago in favour pf further accommodation, and enlargements and alterations have been required from time to time in those now occupied to keep pace with the increase in the business. They consist of a suite of offices at the front, with workshops and stock-yards at the rear, approached by a large gateway. The workshops have been equipped in a style consistent with the enterprise and experience of the worthy proprietor, comprising the latest and most improved plant and machinery, driven by a powerful steam-engine. The extensive yards are well stocked with foreign timber in various stages of seasoning, as well as with adequate collections of drain pipes, chimneypots, pans, siphons, glazed stoneware, sanitary requirements, cement, plaster of Paris, and building material of every description. Employment is found by the firm at busy times for as many as from four hundred to five hundred hands.

Mr. Linton is noted for the thorough manner in which everything undertaken is carried out, and his business reputation is increasing every day. Many of the principal contracts in Newport and the surrounding country have been placed in his hands, and have always been completed in a conscientious and eminently satisfactory style. Among these it is interesting to note the following:— Building the Town Hall, Newport, in 1884: Westgate Hotel, 1885: New Markets, Newport, 1889; most of the large business establishments in Commercial Street; New County Police Station, Newport; new gas tank for Newport Gas Company; numerous villas in Stow Park; new Police Station at Risca; also five hundred workmen's cottages at Newbridge, and numerous chapels and schools in the vicinity of Newport. The most recent contract the firm has been occupied with is the erection of the National Provincial Bank, High Street, Newport, which is a distinct acquisition to the architectural features of the town. An extensive business is controlled in the manufacture of doors, sashes, staircases, frames, mouldings, skirtings, stop and quoined beads, &c. These articles can always be relied upon to be of good and suitable material and to be well finished and accurate. From the extent of his transactions in this department and the facilities he possesses for turning out work in large quantities, the proprietor can quote prices which cannot fail to induce business. Large stocks are also held of dry mahogany, pine, and other boards ready for immediate use. All orders intrusted this house are filled promptly and satisfactorily.

Mr. Linton, who is himself a thoroughly practical man, personally superintends the business, assisted by a numerous and competent staff of clerks, draughtsmen and managers. Mr. Clarke, the head cashier, has been with the firm twenty years. Mr. Linton has by his energy and ability built up a business second to none of its kind in the district, and no man works harder to maintain the honourable position he has so deservedly obtained. He occupies a position of importance in trade and commercial circles, and by his straightforward and liberal methods secures the confidence of all who come into business connection with him. In private life he enjoys the respect of a large body of friends and acquaintances for his personal worth. At the present time he is a director of the Westgate Hotel Company, chairman of the Star Brick and Tile Company, chairman of the Newport and Pillgwenlly House Property Company, and director of Spingfeed Park Estate Building Company. He is also a councillor of the county borough of Newport.

THE NEWPORT ROPERY COMPANY, LIMITED,
CLARENCE PLACE, NEWPORT (MON.).

ROPES of some kind, and under certain conditions, have been made in Newport ever since there was a sailing-boat in its harbour, or a ton of coal raised in Monmouthshire. But it was not until the incorporation of the Newport Ropery Company, Limited, formerly Pugsley & Co., that this industry became of importance in the town. This event took place in 1890, and the result has so far been satisfactory. There is a strong board of directors, including some of the leading commercial men in the town. The managing director, since April, 1892, is Mr. A. E. Garwood, a gentleman to whom credit is due for his successful efforts in rapidly creating a valuable and substantial business connection for the disposal of the Company’s productions. The former Works manager was Mr. Waugh, who held the position until recently, when he was succeeded by Mr. J. Dixon, who has a thorough knowledge of the business, of which he has had an intimate experience at Hebburn- on-Tyne. The premises in Clarence Place were specially enlarged by the Company for developing the business, and are therefore well adapted to its requirements. The entrance to the main building fronts Clarence Place, where the offices are situated, and are well appointed with all the appliances for the rapid despatch of the large amount of business transactions of the Company. At the rear of this front building are the works. The manilla and hemp used in rope-making is carded, spun, and twisted by machinery of best and most modern construction, driven by a thirty horse-power steam-engine. There are also a number of automatic spinning machines. The rope-walk proper is eleven hundred feet in length, and is one of the longest in the United Kingdom, and admits of the most lengthy ropes ever made being manufactured. It is provided with two sets of rope-making machines of the latest construction procurable in the market. Here the largest and longest rope required in the trade can be made and despatched in three hours from receipt of the order. It may here be appropriately mentioned that the registered telegraphic address of the Company, which is now constantly being used in all parts of the country, is “Ropes, Newport.” The output is already very large, as extensive orders are constantly being received direct, or by the agency of commercial representatives. The Company are also using their best endeavours to establish a home, foreign, and Colonial trade.

LEWIS & LEWIS, GENERAL HOUSE FURNISHERS AND CARPET WAREHOUSEMEN,
137 AND 137A, COMMERCIAL STREET, NEWPORT (MON.).

THIS old and widely-known furnishing house was founded at Newport, in 1815, by Mr. Wyndham Jones, who was formerly Mayor of Newport. On his retirement from business about ten years ago he was succeeded by the present firm, who continued the business under the style of Lewis & Lewis. The present partners are Mr. D. E. Lewis and Mr. J. P. Lewis, who trade in co-partnership as Lewis & Lewis. The premises at Newport form a spacious and handsomely appointed establishment, well situated in the leading thoroughfare, and possessing every convenience for a large and comprehensive trade. These spacious premises are admirably arranged throughout, and the fine show-rooms display to great advantage a vast stock of house furnishings of every description. All styles and classes of goods are here represented, including the antique styles now so fashionable, and the best of the modern artistic designs. The variety is so great that every requirement and every taste can be satisfied, and it is evident that Messrs. Lewis & Lewis have resolved to make their establishment a complete emporium of everything that can be classed under the broad head of “furniture.”

The decorative departments have been considered as carefully as the utilitarian, and the firm show a splendid assortment of carved work, walnut and oak mantels inlaid with ivory and painted tiles, also choice terra-cotta ware and art vases for hall decoration, hand-painted screens, mirrors in elegant gilt frames and carved wood designs, &c., &c. The materials employed in upholstering drawing-room and other suites are in many cases remarkably rich and beautiful, and include figured satins, plushes, velvets, and brocades. Show-rooms are specially devoted to hangings, trimmings, and other furnishing draperies, and the firm display a splendid stock of tapestry, Kidderminster, Axminster, Persian, and Turkey carpets, all in the newest designs and richest colourings. Immense stocks are kept in the reserve stock-rooms, and the supply of bedroom furniture and brass and iron bedsteads is particularly large and varied, while the requirements of the kitchen and the servants’ hall are not by any means forgotten.

At the rear of these premises stands a large block of workshops in which the firm carry on cabinetmaking, upholstering, varnishing, polishing, &c., on a very important scale, their experienced and efficient staff being aided in their work by modern machinery of the best type. Here also we note stores for wool, leather, and other necessary materials, and sheds for the furniture vans which are kept for carrying out removals to any part of the country, by rail or road. Messrs. Lewis & Lewis doubtless hold the largest and most comprehensive stock of furniture to be found in the district, and no other western firm can offer its patrons a wider range of choice or give better value for money in any class of furnishing goods.

This house has a great reputation for the complete furnishing of large establishments, residences, public buildings, &c., and has carried out in a most satisfactory manner the contracts for fitting up the Westgate and the Talbot Hotels (Newport), the Corporation Baths, and a great many mansions and private houses in the town and neighbourhood. Mr. J. P. Lewis gives his personal attention to the Newport house, while his partner, Mr. D. E. Lewis, attends to the Cardiff establishment. Under their capable direction the house ably maintains its position in the trade, and continues to merit and receive the patronage of the leading families of Monmouthshire. All orders are carried out in the latest styles and with perfect taste and due regard to uniform completeness, and in many respects this firm may fairly be said to have raised house furnishing to the level of a fine art, so charming are the results they achieve.

DAVID JONES & CO., TIMBER, BARK, AND HOOP MERCHANTS,
ARCADE CHAMBERS, NEWPORT (MON.).

ORIGINALLY established about half a century ago by the late Mr. Nelson Hewertson, who was for some time mayor of the borough of Newport, this important institution was, after the death of the founder some fifteen years ago, conducted on behalf of his widow for a couple of years by Mr. David Jones, who thereafter became sole proprietor of the concern which he had been instrumental in developing to its present position. Mr. Jones, who is a gentleman of local influence, and acts as the overseer of the parish of Trevethin, in which he resides, and a member of the Pontypool Board of Guardians, is ably assisted in his work by his brother, Mr. Henry Jones, and controls one of the largest businesses of the kind in South Wales. He also takes an active interest in the shipping of the borough, being managing director of the Planet Steamship Company, and the Llanthewy Steamship Company, Limited. To revert to the business under review, however, the premises occupied comprise suite of offices in Arcade Chambers, off the High Street, and a large timber and bark yard on the East Usk tide of the river. The firm operate as dealers in exclusively English-grown timber and coppice woods, felling, trimming, and disposing of the timber, bark and hoops made therefrom from their headquarters at Newport.

ALFRED SWASH, M.S.A.,
8, FRIARS CHAMBERS, NEWPORT (MON.).

IT was after much valuable professional experience in Newport that Mr. Alfred Swash, M.S.A., established himself some three years ago in independent practice as an architect and surveyor at 3, Friars Chambers, Newport. The result has been very satisfactory, and Mr. Swash has been continually enlarging the circle of clients with which, in the first instance, he began his professional career. His offices, which are admirably adapted for his business requirements, are suitably appointed, and comprise ample accommodation for draughtsmen’s work as well as for consultations and private interviews. Mr. Swash is aided in his work by several qualified assistants, who have had large experience in drawing plans, in surveying, and in the general routine of the office. But all the details of the work executed in his establishment are performed under his personal supervision, and he is able, therefore, to guarantee its accuracy. Before beginning his independent professional career, Mr. Swash had become personally well known and highly popular amongst the best commercial and social circles in the district, and this advantage, combined with his distinct artistic ability and his large technical knowledge, has already obtained for him many important commissions which he has executed to the complete satisfaction of his clients. The rapidly-increasing material importance of the Newport district during the last few years has, of course, contributed to his professional advancement.

Amongst the numerous buildings which Mr. Swash has designed may be mentioned the Branch Free Library, in Temple Street, for the Newport Corporation; the business premises of Mr. Phillips in Commercial Road; and those of Messrs. Alger & Sons, in Commercial Street; and also the Isca Hotel, for Messrs. Phillips & Sons. More recently he has been responsible for a market, hall, hotel, &c., at Abertillery, additional buildings to the asylum at Abergavenny for the joint counties of Monmouth, Radnor, and Brecon. He has, since the completion of these, been commissioned to prepare plans for further extensive alterations and additions to provide increased dormitory and day-room accommodation at an estimated cost of £10,000. He was architect for the Congregational Church at Risca, the foundation stone of which was laid by the Mayor, S. Batchelor, Esq., J.P., and which has recently been opened. Mr. Swash was successful in having his plans selected in open competition for large Board schools now being erected at Newport for the Newport School Board. He has also been selected as architect for the new United Methodist Free Church to be shortly built in Newport, and been commissioned to prepare plans for the rebuilding of the Museum at Newport, and a new Art Gallery. Quite recently, in an open competition, he was awarded by a professional referee the premium for the best plan, which was sent in under a nom de plume, for the development of a large and important estate; the owner, Arthur Evans, Esq., J.P., of Llangibby Castle, has decided to proceed with the development, and Mr. Swash has been appointed architect to the estate. With every prospect of an increased and extensive practice, Mr. Swash has deemed it advisable and desirable to take into partnership Mr. J. Bain, A.R.I.B.A., who has also had excellent experience in some of the leading offices, and who was for some time engaged by Mr. Hippolyte Blanc, Associate of the Royal Scottish Academy. The firm will therefore in future be known as Swash & Bain. Whilst their ability commands a general respect, their prompt attention to the work entrusted to them has secured the absolute confidence of their clients, and, in view of the steady growth of the Newport district in all its industrial and commercial interests, a brilliant career may confidently be predicted for this able firm of architects.

MORRISH’S COMMERCIAL AND FAMILY TEMPERANCE HOTEL,
NEWPORT (MON.).

AS a temperance hotel the establishment known as Morrish's is second to none in the county, and has proved a complete success since it was first opened in 1888 by the present proprietor, Mr. Henry William Morrish, who built the premises in 1875 from designs by Mr. B. Lawrence, of Newport. Previous to its opening as a temperance hotel, the building was specially altered and enlarged to suit the requirements of a comfortable and first-class temperance house. The hotel is situated immediately adjoining the passenger station of the Great Western Railway, and can be seen from either platform; it consists of a substantial three-storey block, having on the ground floor an entrance-hall, a writing and smokeroom twenty-seven feet in length; a commercial-room forty-two feet in length; an office, private sitting-rooms, and commodious kitchens. On the first floor is a coffee-room twenty-three feet in length, and several lofty and well-furnished bedrooms. On the second floor are numerous bedrooms, all comfortably furnished, fitted with electric bells, and every modern convenience. These rooms are lofty, well ventilated, and are kept strictly clean and in good order. At the rear of the premises there is commodious stabling with separate entrance; there is also an entrance in the front for luggage. Other conveniences include bath-rooms with hot and cold water, and telephone communication with all parts of the town and principal towns of South Wales and the Midland counties. The hotel is open for night express trains, and horses and carriages are kept for hire if required. The accommodation comprises about twenty bedrooms, all fitted up with a view to the comfort of visitors. Mr. Morrish has formed a large connection of a commercial class, and the patronage he receives is an ample guarantee that the resources of his establishment are of a most satisfactory character. Mr. Morrish is a genial proprietor, who studies in every way the comfort and convenience of his patrons.
The telegraphic and postal address is, “Morrish’s Hotel, Newport (Mon.).” Telephone number, “National, 79.”

W. JESSEMAN & CO., INDIARUBBER, GUTTAPERCHA, AND LEATHER MANUFACTURERS AND MERCHANTS,
3, WESLEY CHAMBERS, COMMERCIAL STREET, AND 128, DOCK STREET, NEWPORT (MON.)
ESTABLISHED some eight years ago by the present sole proprietor, Mr. W. Jesseman, the above important concern has been developed with a thorough knowledge of the various departments of this complicated business, aided by untiring application and well-directed energy. A good name was early gained for the reliable character of everything handled, and this enviable reputation the proprietor has been sedulous to keep during the whole of his business career. The premises in Commercial Street consist of a handsome double-fronted show-room, and possess fine display windows. The offices at the rear are large and admirably fitted up with every requisite, including telephone connection with the National system (the Dock Street number being 33, and the Wesley Chambers No. 34). These premises are appropriated to the waterproof, fancy, lawn-tennis, cricket, football, and gymnastic requisites, and extensive and varied stocks are held which have no superior in Newport or the district. The Dock Street warehouses are occupied by the mechanical goods and those of a more bulky character, such as solid sheet rubber and insertion, washers of every description, moulded valves for marine and stationary engines and pumps, steam and hydraulic packings, asbestos goods, delivery, suction, and brewers’ hose, leather fire-buckets, brattice cloths, tarpaulins, air-proof goods, &c.

Mr. Jesseman has been for sixteen years connected with the trade, and is thoroughly conversant with the requirements of users and the most eligible means of supplying them. His selections have accordingly been made with much discrimination and knowledge, and will be found to include everything in this class of goods and all of the latest and most improved make. From the extent of his transactions he is able to buy heavy consignments of the different manufacturers’ specialities, and while offering the most varied and extensive choice in the district he can quote prices which cannot be duplicated elsewhere. Leading lines are made of Moseley’s patent Duriflex asbestos metallic triple-expansion packing. Mosses & Mitchell’s patent fibre valves, and Coe & Kinghorn’s patent metallic valves. These goods have been well tried and are recognised as the best and cheapest in the markets. All orders receive prompt and careful attention, and shippers and merchants dealing with this house have the full advantages which accrue from the unequalled stocks always on hand. A widespread and substantial connection has been established, and is constantly increasing under spirited and judicious management. Mr. Jesseman gives the business the benefit of his close personal supervision, and is ably assisted in his control by a numerous staff of competent assistants. He is well known in trade circles and universally respected for his just and equitable methods, his well-merited success, and strict personal rectitude. In addition to the afore-mentioned business, Mr. W. Jesseman has opened in the rear of the building very handsome toilet saloons for ladies and gentlemen, which are splendidly fitted up with every necessary, and equipped in the newest and most approved style at a great outlay, no expense having been spared. An efficient staff is engaged. This business is worked under the style of the Wesley Toilet Company, and is without doubt one of the best in the town.
The telegraphic address of the house is “Jesseman, Newport (Mon.).”

T. P. JONES & CO., IRON AND METAL MERCHANTS,
HIGH STREET, NEWPORT (MON.).

MR. T. P. JONES established the above firm, the sole proprietorship of which remains in his hands, about five years ago, and has commodious offices at the above address. He had previously enjoyed the advantage of a lengthened and intimate acquaintance with the iron and steel industries of South Wales and Monmouthshire, which enabled the firm to begin business with a large and valuable connection. Through the thorough technical knowledge of the principal, and his judiciously energetic management, that connection has in the interval been very materially increased. The business premises of the firm include a commodious suite of general and private offices, which are supplied with all the requisites for the rapid dispatch of the extensive commercial correspondence necessitated by the numerous transactions of the firm.

Messrs. T. P. Jones & Co. are large dealers in all kinds of metals, which are generally used in the industrial arts, including bar iron and steel, pig and sheet iron, and tin plates. They also transact a very considerable amount of business in buying disused plants at ironworks and collieries. The firm are also purchasers of old iron steamers, marine engines, and every description of steel and iron scrap, rail ends, blooms, billets, &c., and are extensive manufacturers of and merchants in copperas (suphate of iron). They have most extensive and intimate relations with manufacturers of Siemens and Bessemer steel throughout Wales, Staffordshire, the midland counties, Scotland, and the United Kingdom generally, and they purchase large quantities of these materials all over the country. Their business, indeed, is the largest of its class in the West of England, and one of the largest in the Kingdom. The firm are well known throughout the whole of the great iron and steel industries of the United Kingdom. At the Government dockyards, too, Mr. T. P. Jones is a familiar figure, as he is frequently a large buyer of stores at these establishments. He is personally held in high respect in the best industrial and commercial circles in South Wales and Monmouthshire, and his firm owes its notable prosperity to the constant supervision which he exercises over all the details of his business. The firm recently purchased the British Iron Works, Abersychan, from the Ebbw Vale Company, and this contract is the largest ever undertaken by private treaty in the West of England, and is estimated to take three years to dismantle and dispose of the plant connected with it.

NEWMAN & SONS, MUSIC PUBLISHERS, PIANOFORTE AND ORGAN MERCHANTS,
1, COMMERCIAL STREET, NEWPORT; AND 94, QUEEN STREET, CARDIFF.

ORGANISED in the year 1840 at Newport (Mon.), by the father of its present talented and energetic proprietors, this is the oldest house of the kind in the Principality. The Cardiff division of the business was inaugurated about four years ago, and the two establishments, which are conducted upon precisely similar lines, are respectively directed, the Newport quarters by Mr. E. B. Newman, and the Cardiff branch by Mr. B. Newman, both of whom are gentlemen of recognised ability and professional musicians of a high order of merit, Mr. E. B. Newman being conductor of the Newport Orchestral Society, organist of St. Mark’s Church, and conductor of the Newport Philharmonic Society: while his brother, Mr. B. Newman, is a member of the committee of the Cardiff Musical Society, a member of its orchestra, and was elected to serve on the committee of the Musical Festival held at Cardiff in September last, which was the first function of its kind ever held in Wales, and which proved not only a great success, but served as an impetus to the advancement of musical culture in the Principality.

Messrs. Newman’s premises, both in Newport and Cardiff, are, in every point of character and situation, precisely adapted to the requirements of a very brisk high-class business. They are located in a commanding and central position in the main commercial thoroughfare of each town, and comprise a spacious and handsomely-appointed shop and show-room, in which a thoroughly representative stock is held of both British and foreign instruments by the leading makers of the day. The firm act as sole agents for the celebrated Bechstein pianos in both Cardiff and Newport, and are also agents for Messrs. Collard & Collard, Broadwood, Ibach, Erard, Schiedmayer, and Knauss pianofortes; the Steinway pianos from New York; American organs by Mason & Hamlin, Bell, Smith, and the Mustel organs; the famous brass instruments of Besson, of London; and for violins, harps, guitars, banjos, and all kinds of musical instruments, and requisites of every description. They hold a very large stock of sheet and book music on hand, giving prominence to all the most popular publications up to date, and retain a staff of fully-qualified London tuners and repairers to undertake, by contract or otherwise, the tuning and keeping in order of their customer’s instruments in all parts of Wales. From what has been stated it will readily be gathered that the firm perform every possible function in connection with their business as dealers, and it is equally evident that all their transactions are governed by a due and careful regard to the maintenance of the high repute this house has never forfeited in the esteem and confidence of a large, distinguished, and still rapidly-increasing circle of good customers.

JAMES SC EMANUEL, PROPRIETORS OF THE ABERSYCHAN RED ASH. HOUSE-COAL COLLIERIES,
66, DOCK STREET, NEWPORT (MON.).

IT is now some nine years since Messrs. W. P. James and R. Emanuel, both of whom had previously gained much experience as mining engineers, formed a partnership, and obtained the ownership of the Abersychan Red Ash Collieries from the previous proprietors, who were the Ebbw Vale Steel, Iron and Coal Company, Limited. These collieries, which are under the skilled management of the principals themselves, give employment to about two hundred hands. They produce what is known in the markets as the Abersychan Red Ash house coal, whose reputation for its excellence in household use is unsurpassed. It is always in great demand, and Messrs. James & Emanuel ship large quantities of it to English ports and Ireland. All matters of sale and shipment are arranged at the Newport establishment of the firm. Their premises are conveniently situated in Dock Street, in the centre of the leading mercantile quarter of the town. Messrs. James & Emanuel are both personally well known throughout the most influential commercial and shipping circles in Monmouthshire and South Wales, where they are highly esteemed as thoroughly capable men of business, whose integrity is unimpeachable, and whose spirit of liberality, as evinced in all their transactions, has made them generally popular.

W. M. BLACKBURN, BUILDER AND CONTRACTOR,
THE LINDENS, PENTONVILLE, NEWPORT (MON.).

THE great improvements which have taken place in the streets and chief buildings of Newport during the last decade reflect the highest credit upon the leading firms of its architects and builders, and amongst the latter the firm of W. M. Blackburn is worthy of special mention. The business was established by Mr. Blackburn about eighteen years ago, and its operations have increased every year. The important contracts carried out by the firm include the building of the Catholic Church, Pillgwenlly; St. Stephen’s Church, Newport; recently the handsome extensions to London House for Messrs. Evans & Allen, from designs from Messrs. Graham, Son, & Hitchcox; erection of Highbury Chambers, Skinner Street; alterations of numerous premises in High Street, Commercial Street, and Tredegar Place from designs of Messrs. Habershon & Fawckner, of London and Newport. These buildings have gained Mr. Blackburn a high reputation for reliable work, his services being in constant requisition by the leading architects of the town. He employs a large staff of hands in all departments of the work incidental to building and contracting work, and he is well known in Newport and surrounding districts, and greatly respected in commercial circles.

WILLIAM H. WATLING, ARCHITECT AND SURVEYOR,
COUNCIL CHAMBERS, CORN STREET, NEWPORT (MON.).

WITH every facility at his command, and a staff of fully qualified assistants, Mr. Watling operates largely in every branch of architecture and surveying, his designs in the former department being noted for their originality, beauty, and practicability, while his survey plans are characterised by neatness and accuracy. Mr. Watling’s training was such as would give him a thorough knowledge of every branch of his profession; he in the first place served five years in going through the various workshops, thus gaining at the outset a thorough practical knowledge of detail and construction. After leaving the shops he was articled to Mr. E. A. Lansdowne, Newport, during which time he gained in open competition very many prizes and medals in architectural science and art subjects, also two scholarships. Shortly after expiration of his articles he was fortunate enough to get an appointment under the War Department as temporary superintendent of works on the staff of the Royal Engineers in the South Wales sub-district, western division, which comprises all the forts in the Severn defences and chief barracks in South Wales, during which time many important works were carried out. He also had the advantage of learning the Government system of measuring and valuing works, the knowledge he thus gained in the two years he held the post being of inestimable value to him in his future career as an architect and civil engineer. His ability as an arbitratory surveyor and valuer in building matters is unquestioned. Mr. Watling has already designed a large number of buildings of all classes, which have been successfully erected in the districts of Cardiff, Barry, and Newport during the past few years, although he has only been in practice, about three and a half years. In addition to this his capabilities may be estimated from the fact that he has won medals for his designs from the School of Arts, and was the successful winner of the bronze medal at the South Kensington School of Art. The number of drawings sent in was 364,985, comprising all branches of art. His set was in the architectural branch, and was a design for a board school, and this set of drawings was one of four hundred hung up for exhibition on the walls of the South Kensington Museum. With such high distinctions, and the ample facilities at his command, there can be no manner of doubt but that the, reputation and good business he has achieved already stands but as an earnest of enhanced success in days to come.

A. P. FILLEUL & CO., SHIPBROKERS AND MERCHANTS,
DOCK STREET, NEWPORT (MON.).

A PROMINENT position among business houses closely associated with the shipping trade of the Bristol Channel is held by the above-named firm. It was established by the present proprietor, Mr. A. P. Filleul, in 1881, and has been conducted successfully under his supervision up to the present time. The firm occupy commodious offices in Dock Street, which are conveniently situated in the mercantile quarter of the town. They have an extensive connection in the exportation of steam and house coals to the Continent, ports of the Mediterranean, and the East and West Indies, also coastwise to the shipping centres of the United Kingdom. In addition to his own business, Mr. Filleul is the managing director of the Newport (Mon.) Pitwood Company, Limited, who have offices at the above address, and are large importers of pitwood from France, Spain, and the Baltic, which are received at the ports of South Wales, for the supply of the various collieries in Wales, Monmouthshire, and the Midland counties. For the transaction of business in Cardiff, on behalf of both the companies, the firm have branch offices at the Exchange. It may be noted that Mr. Filleul has been connected with the shipping trade of South Wales and Monmouth for over twenty years, and his firm have a good reputation for the prompt transaction of business in every department, and an extensive connection with the leading coalowners of Wales and the Midland counties.
Telegraphic addresses: “Filleul, Newport”; “Filleul, Cardiff.” Telephones, Newport and Cardiff.

S. J. JEFFS, PURVEYOR TO HER MAJESTY,
10, HIGH STREET, NEWPORT.

THIS leading business was established as long ago as 1856, M Mr. Howard. It was transferred to the late Mr. Jeffs twenty years ago, and carried on by him up to the time of his decease about fifteen years ago, when it came into the possession of his son, Mr. W. J. Jeffs, and was taken over by the present owner about five years ago. The premises occupied have a good street frontage, and extend to the rear a distance of between twenty and twenty-five yards. The shop is kept in splendid order, being scrupulously sweet and clean. The fittings are of a superior nature, and are calculated to maintain the flavour of the meat. There is always an excellent supply on hand and the place has several specialities for which it is renowned. In the season the best Welsh wether mutton is received from some of the best breeders, also prime lamb, Mr. Jeffs, who is an accomplished judge of cattle, purchases from the best markets, and presents his patrons with beef of the most delicious flavour. He also deals largely in veal, corned beef, pickled tongues, &c. The latter are most exquisite table dainties, and as such are in great demand. Mr. Jeffs has had the honour of supplying Her Majesty the Queen on different occasions, viz. in 1882, 1886-7. There are several assistants employed and orders are delivered to all parts of the town daily. The connection extends throughout the town and to many parts of the surrounding districts, being among a good class of customers. As the local representative of his trade, Mr. Jeffs is well and widely known and respected in Newport and district. Telephone No. 192.

F. E. BURPITT, CABINETMAKER AND COMPLETE HOUSE FURNISHER,
188, COMMERCIAL ROAD, NEWPORT (MON.)

AMONG the notable houses engaged in the cabinetmaking, upholstery, and kindred crafts in Newport there are, perhaps, few that are better known or more largely patronised than the one here noted. Organised in the year 1887 by its present able and energetic proprietor, the commercial development of the concern has been both rapid and continuous from the commencement. The premises occupied, being Mr. Burpitt’s own property, he very wisely had them specially rebuilt to meet the requirements of his business, and it thus happens that they are possessed of every modern facility for the rapid and effective transaction of a large and essentially superior class of trade. The building rises to an elevation of three floors, and is fully utilised, the ground floor as a handsome showroom of over seven hundred square yards, the basement containing over five hundred yards of space for the storage of stock, and the two upper storeys for bedroom and other furniture, whilst at the rear are the well-equipped workshops for general cabinetmaking, upholstery work of every kind, bed and mattress making, and commodious stores for flocks, wools, hair, feathers, and other materials for manufacturing purposes. Within the handsomely appointed show-rooms a very complete and comprehensive stock of superior goods is always en evidence, in the way of antique and modern furniture, suites for the dining, drawing, and bed room, boudoir, hall, library, or offices, in styles to suit the requirements of all classes, occasional pieces of furniture, and cabinets of all kinds; carpets, linoleums, and floorcloths from all the leading makers of the day; crockery, art pottery, china and glass ware, and household hardware of every kind — thereby enabling patrons to make selections for the complete furnishing of a cottage, a villa residence, or a mansion. Mr. Burpitt, however, has made a speciality of, and won a widespread and well-merited renown for, his bedroom suites, cabinets, sideboards, and chairs in oak, of graceful modern designs and artistically upholstered, the salient feature of his business being that, by the employment of skilled craftsmen exclusively under his own careful supervision, he produces serviceable and substantial articles, essentially elegant, and at strictly moderate prices; and these facts, coupled with his well-known integrity and honourable methods, have won for him a patronage characterised by every attribute of desirability and distinction. Mr. Burpitt is also sole proprietor of the business of wholesale glass, oil, colour, and paperhangings conducted at 29, Commercial Road, where are carried on large contracts from all parts.

F. E. BURPITT, DECORATOR, PLUMBER, WHOLESALE GLASS, OIL, COLOUR AND FAPERHANGINGS MERCHANT,
29, COMMERCIAL ROAD, NEWPORT (MON.).

THREE-AND-TWENTY years have now elapsed since Mr. Burpitt entered upon his present prosperous business in the borough of Newport, finally taking up his quarters at the present address many years ago, and developing a trade upon both wholesale and retail lines, in addition to his craft as a general art decorator. With a large staff of skilled and experienced artisans, Mr. Burpitt operates in every branch of church and house decoration work by contract or otherwise, and has done good service in the department of stained-glass work and the general embellishment of churches and public buildings in the district, having executed recently some very fine window work at Holy Trinity Church, Newport, and the decoration of the Westgate and other hotels and large buildings in the neighbourhood. His premises in Commercial Road comprise a spacious double-fronted shop and show-room, with large warehouses and well-equipped workshops at the rear, and here he holds on hand heavy stocks of paperhangings of every kind, from the most costly and recherche gold lustre, raised flock, and ecclesiastical papers to the commonest varieties for cottage decoration, Lincrusta Walton, and Anaglypta wall and ceiling ornamentations, oils; colours, paints, and varnishes in great variety, silvered plate and sheet glass, ordinary plate, and stained glass of every kind, and every conceivable requisite incidental to the painter’s and decorator’s craft, both for his own use and the supply of the trade. His business is in a splendid condition of progressive development and prosperity, and all its affairs are administered with a due regard to the high reputation gained, and a firm determination to consistently preserve and maintain the same. Mr. Burpitt has also a very large cabinet and house-furnishing business at 188, Commercial Road, which is under the able management of his son, and a large business is done in this class.

J. PRANCIS & SON, BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS,
3, CLYTHA SQUARE, NEWPORT (MON.).

IN reviewing the chief industries of the towns of South Wales and Monmouth, a prominent place is necessarily given to leading firms of builders and contractors, to whom we are indebted in a great measure for the vast improvement in appearance of our public buildings and thoroughfares, and improved comfort and sanitation of our homes. One of the leading firms of this class in Newport is that of J. Francis & Son, of 3, Clytha Square. It was established in 1854, by the father of the present proprietor, and has continued its operations very successfully up to the present time. The firm have acted as contractors to the Newport Corporation for over thirty years, during which time they have carried out numerous street improvements and sewerage works under the supervision of W. C. Kirby, Esq., C.E., the borough surveyor. They were also for a period of about twenty-five years contractors to the old Docks Company (previous to its amalgamation with the present Alexandra Dock Company), for whom they erected towers for hydraulic pumping machinery, large chimney stacks, and other work. As contractors to the Tredegar Wharf Company, under S. Homfray, Esq., the firm completed several contracts for sewerage work in the Pillgwenlly district of Newport. Amongst numerous buildings erected by them may be noted large steam flour mills and warehouses for H. J. Parnall, Esq., and recently a large grain warehouse for Messrs. Parnall, Evans & Co., Limited, from designs by Mr. Watling, architect, of Newport. The firm are contractors to the Monmouthshire County Council, and other public bodies, and it will readily be gathered from this brief notice that their connection is of an extensive and influential character, and that the work entrusted to the firm is carried out and completed in a manner quite consistent with their old-established reputation in Newport. I and surrounding districts.

HALL & SNELLING, CARRIAGE-BUILDERS, WHEELWRIGHTS, AND IMPLEMENT MAKERS,
PRINCE STREET, CHEPSTOW ROAD, NEWPORT (MON.).

SINCE the establishment, some seven years ago, of the firm of Messrs. Hall & Snelling as carriage-builders, wheelwrights, and implement makers, its members have distinguished themselves by the enterprise which they have displayed in adapting their manufacturing resources to the varying requirements of the district. Mr. F. W. Hall and Mr. Edward Snelling, who constitute the firm, are both thoroughly familiar with the technical requirements of their business in all its departments. The premises, which cover a considerable area, are conveniently situated in Prince Street, Chepstow Road. They comprise a spacious yard, with four forges and commodious workshops. In the yard is a well-appointed office. The workshops are fitted throughout with all the mechanical tools of the most approved modern type requisite for wood-working and the other processes incidental to the manufacture of vehicles of all sorts. A varied assortment of carriages, carts, &c., is kept in stock, and the firm make to order any variety of conveyance, working to designs, drawings, or specifications. From twenty to twenty-five hands, including many experts of the highest skill, are regularly employed in the several departments. Messrs. Hall & Snelling, in addition to producing much original and excellent work as carriage and cart builders, do a large business in executing repairs, which are always promptly and carefully performed. They have also gained a high reputation throughout the agricultural parts of the district for their special success in the introduction of agricultural implement making and repairing as a feature of their business. The firm, the strength of which lies in the reputation of the principals as thoroughly practical men, have a valuable and substantial connection which extends to all parts of Monmouthshire. Messrs. Hall & Snelling are both highly respected throughout the district. There are branch workshops at Liswerry, near Newport, where shoeing and repair work of all kinds is executed by a staff of hands, for the convenience of farmers and customers residing in that district.

WILLIAM KIRKBY, POTATO AND HAY MERCHANT,
150, DOCK STREET, NEWPORT (MON.).

THE foundations of Mr. Kirkby’s thriving and flourishing operations were originally laid down about twelve years ago by his brother, Mr. John Kirkby, who retired about two years since, leaving his brother, Mr. W. Kirkby, the sole ownership and responsibility of a very extensive and prosperous concern, which he has since cultivated and developed with the most highly satisfactory results. The premises occupied are very roomy and commodious, and are centrally and conveniently situated in an excellent business position at 150, Dock Street. The warehouse has a capital frontage, and extends to a considerable depth at the rear. The office is at the right hand on entering, and the remainder of the ground floor is used as a show and stock room, while at the rear is the chaff-cutting department, and the floor above is utilised for the storage of hay, &c. A leading feature of the business consists in the sifting and cleaning of chaff by a new patent machine which gives the benefit of good chaff from the best-picked hay, and still enables the prices to be kept down to extremely reasonable rates. This excellent machine is driven by a capital five horse-power gas-engine by the eminent firm of Fielding & Platt. A very large stock of hay and potatoes is at all times kept on hand, and in this connection Mr. Kirkby has a very high reputation, being understood to be the most extensive grower in the West of England. The trade lies chiefly in the immediate district of Newport, and contracts for very considerable quantities are from time to time undertaken and successfully carried through. Mr. William Kirkby holds a high place in local commercial circles, and, like his father before him, he is greatly esteemed and respected by all with whom he comes in contact.

ARTHUR FROST, CABINETMAKER, &C.,
198, COMMERCIAL ROAD, NEWPORT.

THIS extensive business was established some twenty years ago, and was taken over by the present proprietor about four years since. Mr. Frost has considerably developed the business in all its branches. The establishment occupies an excellent position in the Commercial Road (No. 198). On the ground floor is a spacious and handsomely appointed double show-room, with a very attractive plate-glass frontage. The upper floors are used for storage purposes, and as workshops, fitted with every convenience for the successful working of a large and increasing business. The large and comprehensive stock is replete with all the best features of the various lines engaged in, and thoroughly representative of the business in all its branches, embracing as it does a most extensive assortment of household furniture of every description, dining, drawing, and bed room suites, complete in mahogany, oak, walnut, birch, pitch pine, &c., beautifully upholstered in all the newest materials, wardrobes, chests of drawers, couches, sofas, armchairs, duchesse dressing-tables, tapestry, and other curtains, brass and iron bedsteads, fenders and fire-irons, mattresses and bedding, carpets, rugs, linoleum, &c., &c. Mr. Frost has also a very fine collection of antique furniture, vases, clocks, and ornaments, as well as a large number of excellent pianos, organs, and harmoniums. The furniture, &c., is admirably arranged for inspection, and well merits the attention of everyone about to furnish or re-arrange their residences. Mr. Frost is a thoroughly practical man, and employs an efficient staff of experienced workmen. He aims at the attainment and maintenance of a high standard of excellence as a characteristic of all his work. Chaste and elegant design, sound material, tasteful style, and reliable workmanship are studiously insured in every item of production, and with the superior facilities at command he is enabled to compete on favourable terms with any firm in the trade. Mr. Arthur Frost is well known and highly respected in Newport, and is widely recognised as a courteous and enterprising business man.

ORDERS & HANDFORD, STEAMSHIP OWNERS AND BROKERS,
DOCK STREET, NEWPORT (MON.), AND AT CARDIFF.

THE energetically managed business which, during the last ten years, has been conducted in Newport by Messrs. Orders & Handford, affords, in the success which it has rapidly achieved, a notable illustration of the recent marvellous increase in the industrial and commercial importance of the Monmouthshire and South Wales district. When, some ten years ago, the firm was established by Mr. W. J. Orders and Mr. T. L. Handford, as steamship owners and brokers, both of the partners brought to their task a large technical knowledge of the shipping trade, in all the departments in which Newport and the South Wales ports are interested. Their premises in Dock Street comprise a well-appointed suite of general and private offices, which are furnished with all the appliances for the quick dispatch of the large amount of correspondence and other commercial business which is necessitated by the numerous transactions of the firm. The registered telegraphic address of the firm is: “Rubio, Newport”; and its house-flag, the letters “O” and “H,” arranged as a monogram in blue and red on a white ground, is known in every port throughout Europe where there is a demand for the steam-coal of South Wales.

Messrs. Orders & Handford are intimately connected with the great trade which consists in bringing iron ore from Bilbao and other places of shipment in Spain to the ports in the Bristol Channel for the use of the iron and steel industries in the valleys of Glamorganshire and Monmouthshire. In the conduct of this trade they are largely interested as managing owners of a fine fleet of steamships of modern construction, which are named, according to an obvious scheme of nomenclature, respectively, the “Rosario,” the “Reggio,” the “Rubio,” the “Remedio,” and the “Rhio. “Messrs. Orders & Handford are agents for some of the largest mining firms in Spain, and this fine fleet of steamships, whose tonnage ranges from 1,600 to 2,200 each, are employed, in a great measure, in the iron ore trade, and in the exportation of coals to Continental ports. The firm also carry on considerable business in chartering vessels for the trades in which they are interested. They also have an office in Cardiff, for the greater convenience of their shipping business in that port. Both Mr. Orders and Mr. Handford are well known personally in the highest industrial and shipping circles in South Wales and Monmouthshire, and they are much respected for the active and important share which they are taking in the development of the trade and the natural resources of the district.

GREAT WESTERN WHARF AND RAILWAY,
EAST BANK OF RIVER USK, NEWPORT (MON.).
T. P. PRICE, ESQ., M.P, PROPRIETOR.

THE Great Western Wharf was constructed in 1875 by T. P. Price, Esq., M.P., together with a private railway communicating with the Great Western Railway. There is a magnificent plant, comprising four large steam cranes, capable of discharging one thousand tons per day; a keel berth of five hundred feet in length, and a coal staith with appliances for shipping from eight hundred to one thousand tons of coal per day. The rolling stock includes two powerful locomotive engines, and about five hundred wagons used for the conveyance of minerals and heavy goods, principally for the leading collieries and iron works of South Wales and Monmouthshire. A large business is done with the works at Rogerstone, Tydu, Blaina, Ebbw Vale, Dowlais, Risca, Cwmbran, Pontymister, Aberbeeg, Abertillery, Panteg, Pontnewydd, Blaenavon, Abersychan, Pontypool, and other centres, which are conveniently situated in the district, for the conveyance to and from the wharf. The chief imports are iron ore from Spain, iron pyrites, pig iron, pitwood, &c., whilst there is an enormous export of the celebrated Welsh steam coals, artificial manures, and all classes of heavy goods. The advantages offered by the splendid plant and wharfage, with most convenient railway facilities, and a cheaper rate per rail than at Cardiff, for towns in the Midlands, have made the undertaking a great commercial success, and the advantages accruing to the industrial community of the district from the projection and carrying forward of such undertakings as the one under notice, cannot be over estimated. In addition to the wharf, Mr. Price has about seventy acres of land in its immediate vicinity, and this is to be let on lease for works and commercial industries, which would enjoy all the advantages of quick railway communication or cheap water carriage to all parts of the United Kingdom and abroad. The management is in the able hands of Mr. D. Happerfield, and its operations are carried out with the promptitude necessary in all large trading concerns who have to cope with an extensive business. The local agents for Mr. Price are Messrs. W. Graham, Hitchcox & Co., of Newport.

W. L. GRIFFITHS, ARCHITECT AND SURVEYOR,
27, HIGH STREET, NEWPORT (MON.).

MR. WILLIAM LEWIS GRIFFITHS, the well-known architect and surveyor, of 27, High Street, inaugurated his now prosperous and progressive business about six years ago. The suite of offices is handsomely appointed throughout in the best modern style, and furnished with every facility for the rapid transaction of business, and the full employment of a staff of skilled assistants; and here he undertakes the designing of private dwelling-houses of every class and grade, or the creation of designs for churches and other public buildings, factories, &c., as well as practical surveying in all its branches, and the preparation of accurate plans therefrom. In testimony to Mr. Griffiths’s qualifications it may be mentioned that he has designed many highly satisfactory factories and public buildings, as well as private residences, that have been successfully erected in the district, including extensions to Messrs. Reynolds & Co.’s premises in Commercial Street, Newport; the Market Hall and Assembly Rooms at Llandrindod Wells; the Baptist Chapel at Blackwood; extensions to the Tredegar Workhouse; the Welsh Chapel at Tredegar; a large hotel at Llandrindod Wells; a large hotel at Abertillery; the Penllyn Park Estate, Risca Road, Newport, for villa residences; the erection of hostel to Trevecca College, Breconshire, extension to schools for Bedwellty School Board, &c., and that he has been appointed architect to the Barry and District Land Development Corporation, Limited, and to the Abertillery Land and Investment Company, Limited, the Sirhowry Valley Land and Cottage Company, Limited, the Bargold Building Company, Limited, for the erection of cottages for colliers. He is also architect to the Glamorganshire Artisans’ and General Dwellings Company, Limited, which has a capital of £100,000, and who are about erecting six hundred houses in South Wales, and to the South Beach Estate, Pwllheli, Limited, North Wales, which has a capital of £200,000. Mr. Griffiths is at the present engaged in preparing plans for the development of this property. The company intend erecting an hotel at a cost of about £20,000, Winter Gardens £10,000, and residence, costing in all about £70,000. In all his transactions Mr. Griffiths has brought an extensive professional knowledge and commendable business tact and energy to bear upon their proper fulfilment, and has won the confidence and esteem of all those who have had the privilege of his acquaintance, either professionally or in social circles.

WILLIAM GRAHAM, HITCHCOX & CO., LAND AGENTS, ESTATE AGENTS, ARCHITECTS AND SURVEYORS, VALUERS, AND AUCTIONEERS,
BANK CHAMBERS (OVER NATIONAL PROVINCIAL BANK OF ENGLAND), NEWPORT (MON.).

IT is now close upon fifty years since the well-known and reputable firm of Messrs. William Graham, Hitchcox & Co., was established, at Newport. The founder was Mr. William Graham, who is still at its head. On Mr. Hitchcox joining the business some twenty years ago, the style it now bears was adopted. The partners now are Mr. William Graham and Mr. William Hitchcox. From the commencement the establishment has been conducted with conspicuous ability, and has always maintained a lead in those fields of professional activity in which it is so prominently and extensively occupied. The firm have just removed to a very commodious suite of offices, comprising private rooms, drawing offices, and general clerks’ offices, where a competent staff of draughtsmen and practical surveyors are kept constantly occupied. The operations of the firm include the care and management of estates, buying and selling property of every description, surveying and valuing in all its branches, and planning, designing, and superintending the erection of every class of building.

Mr. Graham, before he had been in business seven years, was appointed agent for the well-known Clytha Estate, and later on, his reputation increasing with every passing year, for the estates of Mr. T. P. Price, M.P., as well as for those of Mr. J. T. Firbank. For the last twenty years he has managed the valuable properties of Mr. T. P. Price, M.P., a portion of which are situate on the east bank of the River Usk, at Newport, in the county of Monmouthshire and in the county of Hereford. On this property they designed and constructed for the proprietor, in the years 1874-5, a railway with a junction with the Great Western main line, and leading to an extensive wharf on the river, with an equipment of sidings, warehouses, and offices. Under their control this large enterprise has been carried on, and the railway has brought manufacturing and other important commercial works to establish themselves on the adjacent land. Other large landed proprietors in Monmouthshire, Glamorganshire, and Carmarthenshire have placed the management of their property in the hands of this old-established and capable firm. This department of the business is under the special personal supervision of Mr. Graham.

Mr. Hitchcox devotes his principal attention to the architectural and surveying operations, and it is interesting to note that the firm has designed many important buildings in the district, and they are at present carrying out the erection of some of them. A valuable business is controlled by the firm as surveyors and valuers, their services being often sought in the district of South Wales. The firm were also valuers for Messrs. Morris & Griffin, of Newport and Wolverhampton, who have recently removed their head office to Newport. The firm’s transactions in the sale of land, estates, horses, and agricultural stock and effects, houses and business premises are very large, and prompt and honourable settlements are always made. The partners are men of recognised ability in their profession, being well known for their equitable and just methods of transacting business. They are held in high estimation by the leading families and business firms in Newport, Cardiff, and South Wales generally. Both partners are Fellows of the “Surveyors’ Institution,” while the founder of the business is no less known and respected in public life than in professional circles. He was elected a member of the Town Council in 1857, Mayor of Newport in 1866, and is at the present time a Justice of the Peace for the borough.

GARRETT BROTHERS, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DRUGGISTS, OIL, PAINT, AND COLOUR MERCHANTS,
171, COMMERCIAL STREET, NEWPORT (MON.).

ORGANISED in the year 1840 by Mr. James Garrett, the business stands to-day as the oldest established one in its line in the borough, and since 1877 has been under the able control of the founder’s two sons, trading under the style and title designated above. The premises occupied are in every point of character and situation precisely adapted to the requirements of a very brisk business of the kind. They consist of a large and commodious double-fronted emporium, and with office and large well-constructed oil and paint stores at the rear. The stock of goods held is of a very complete and comprehensive character, including an exhaustive series of drugs and chemicals of ascertained purity and standard strength, all the popular patent medicines of the day, choice toilet requisites and perfumery, a large series of proprietary articles, and a particularly large stock of oils, paints, and colours of the best makes, for the supply of the wholesale trade, and large consumers, such as painters, paperhangers, and decorators generally throughout South Wales. In the drug department a staff of fully qualified assistants is engaged in attending to the wants of medical practitioners, and in the dispensing of prescriptions and family recipes. Careful and capable management maintains a thoroughly satisfactory condition in all the affairs of this house, and the well-known high principles and honourable methods of the firm fully justify the confidence reposed in them by an exceptionally large and influential clientele.

TOVEY BROTHERS, FUNERAL FURNISHERS AND CARRIAGE PROPRIETORS,
7, DOCK STREET; CENTRAL MEWS, DOCK STREET; 156, COMMERCIAL ROAD; AND CHEPSTOW ROAD, MAINDEE, NEWPORT (MON.).

THE foundation of this important concern was laid in 1860, by Mr. Daniel Tovey, the father of the present proprietors, who commenced as a funeral furnisher in Dock Street, with workshops at the rear. Subsequently Mr. Tovey took his sons into partnership, and at his death they (Messrs. George and James Tovey) continued the business under the style of Tovey Brothers. After a time the trade outgrew the original premises at No. 7, Dock Street, and Messrs. Tovey then built a commodious establishment in Chepstow Road, Maindee, including carriage-houses and stables. This is now one of their branches. Still the business continued to increase, necessitating extensions of premises, and about two years ago the firm purchased the large carriage manufactory in Dock Street, formerly conducted by Mr. Stone. This place they have converted into their “Central Mews,” and here they keep the majority of their horses and carriages. The buildings form a very large block, covering over fifteen hundred square yards of ground. The spacious carriage-rooms contain a very complete stock of vehicles of all kinds and for all purposes, and this part of the premises has lately been provided with a patent carriage hoist, by Medway, of London, for lifting vehicles of any weight to the higher floors. The side wings of the block contain body-making workshops for carriage building, painting and polishing rooms, &c., and here there is much valuable and efficient machinery, driven by a twelve-horse gas engine, including a patent chaff-cutter capable of cutting one ton of hay per hour, and also planing and sawing machinery. In these workshops the firm build many of their own coaches and mourning carriages for the funeral department, and they give employment to a numerous staff of highly skilled workmen. The remainder of the large central establishment in Dock Street comprises large drying sheds and storage for timber, and an extensive range of perfectly appointed stables, where about thirty horses are kept, including a valuable stud of seven magnificent Belgian black horses for funeral work. The mews throughout are admirably built, and exhibit many improvements which have been carried out by Messrs. Tovey since they acquired the premises. The whole establishment is well lighted and thoroughly ventilated, and is one of the finest places of the kind in this part of the Kingdom. The branch mews at Maindee afford accommodation for fifteen more horses, as well as for a large number of carriages of various kinds.

The funeral furnishing department still very largely engages the firm’s attention, and is conducted upon a most complete and extensive scale. For this department there is a branch order office at 156, Commercial Road, Messrs. Tovey Brothers also take a leading position as carriage masters, and do a great business in letting out for hire drags, wagonettes, phaetons, brakes, gigs, broughams, hansom and four-wheel cabs, all admirably appointed vehicles, well horsed, and provided with experienced drivers. In all cases the scale of charges is moderate. The business of this firm is, in its entirety, the largest of its kind in the district, and has an excellent reputation of over thirty years’ standing. It is still increasing, and its success is as well merited as it is substantial. Messrs. Tovey Brothers grow a large portion of their own feeding stuffs, having for this purpose, at Llantarnam, a farm of one hundred acres, which also affords excellent grazing. The partners, Messrs. George and James Tovey, personally administer the business with marked ability and the sound judgment that comes of long experience. Their practical skill and active enterprise are well known, and have contributed in a very large degree to the development of this notable concern and the satisfaction of its wide circle of patrons.

REYNOLDS & CO., LIMITED, DRAPERS, SILK MERCERS, LADIES’ OUTFITTERS, MOURNING WAREHOUSEMEN,
149 AND 150, COMMERCIAL STREET, NEWPORT (MON.).

FOUNDED in the year 1869, by the late Mr. George Reynolds and Mr. Wishlade, under the style of Reynolds & Wishlade, this well-known drapery house has gained a high position among the leading mercantile institutions of Newport. On the retirement of Mr. Wishlade, Mr. George Reynolds assumed the sole control of the business, and conducted it with unvarying success until his death, in 1890, when he was succeeded by his son, Mr. George Reynolds junior. This gentleman formed the concern forthwith into a limited liability company, and is managing director thereof, taking the entire supervision and general administration of the business into his own hands. The present fine premises, situated in the best part of the town for commercial purposes, are conceded to be among the finest in the drapery trade in Great Britain, and were erected by the firm a few years ago, specially to meet the requirements of their high-class and constantly increasing trade. They stand at the corner of Commercial Street and Charles Street, and comprise a very handsome six-storey stone building in the modern Italian style, with a main frontage of sixty feet, and a rearward extension of more than twice that distance. A large extension rearward has lately been made, and there are now large work-rooms on the show-room floor beyond the fitting-rooms, and here the dressmaking department is in full swing. These extensions also give increased accommodation to the indoor assistants. There has also lately been added a large extension in the furnishing department. There are thirteen large show-windows on the ground floor, with splendid brass stall plates, always most attractively and tastefully dressed with the latest novelties in the several departments of the trade; and the shop has a fine arcade entrance, with side windows and a tiled pavement.

The interior of the shop is fifty feet wide by one hundred and fifty feet long, and is handsomely appointed in the best modern style, the fixtures being of mahogany, highly finished. A broad oak staircase leads to the spacious and elegantly fitted show-rooms on the first floor. These saloons, decorated with stained glass and “Lincrusta Walton,” form two departments, one displaying the newest artistic productions in millinery, after models from London and Paris; the other devoted to mantles, in which all the most recherche styles of the season are shown. In this show-room there is also a special section for underclothing of the finest quality. At the rear of the show-rooms (which together are seventy feet long and fifty feet wide) there is a spacious suite of offices for the secretary and clerical staff. The upper floors, in addition to well-furnished private apartments, contain the large and admirably equipped work-rooms for the skilful staff of dressmakers, milliners, &c., employed by the firm. Descending to the lofty and well-lighted basement floor, we find the busy packing-rooms and receiving and despatching offices, with separate entrance from Charles Street, also large stock-rooms for surplus stocks of all descriptions of goods dealt in by the firm. The whole establishment may be cited as a model of perfect organisation, and abounds in conveniences of great usefulness in the routine of such an extensive business as this. The best modern fittings are everywhere brought into requisition, including a complete system of “cash railway,” and the premises are splendidly lighted throughout.

Messrs. Reynolds & Co.’s departments embrace the following important lines:— silks, velvets, velveteens, plushes, plain and fancy dress materials, mourning goods, crepes, prints, woollens, ladies’ and children’s mantles and jackets, ulsters, costumes, jerseys, boys’ naval suits, reefers, and caps, ladies’ and gentlemen’s gloves, children’s gloves, ladies’ and children’s hosiery, gents’ outfitting, haberdashery, trimmings, household linens, furs, fur trimmings, trimmed and untrimmed millinery, flowers, feathers, ornaments, ladies’ and children’s outfitting in general, fancy goods, curtains, carpets, and umbrellas. The main shop has three divisions, two large rooms at the rear being respectively the silk-room and the furnishing drapery-room. These are replete with choice goods of the richest quality and the most varied character; and the shop itself contains splendid stocks of dress fabrics, household linens, haberdashery, hosiery, gloves, umbrellas, &c., &c. The firm always show a particularly fine assortment of dress goods in tweeds, cheviots, serges, muslins, prints, silks, satins, black Bradford goods, and other fashionable and standard textiles, this department having long been one of their leading specialities. They also invite the attention of their customers to choice stocks of the latest novelties from the home and foreign markets in hats, bonnets, flowers, feathers, and trimmings, all the specialities of London, Paris, and Vienna in these goods being obtained with remarkable promptitude.

Dressmaking is a very extensive branch of the business, and Messrs. Reynolds’s productions in ball and dinner dresses, walking costumes, and tea gowns are justly admired for their elegance of design and perfection of finish. Over one hundred, hands are employed in the work incidental to the conduct of this representative emporium. The head of the house and managing director of the company, Mr. George Reynolds, has been “brought up to the business” in every sense of that phrase, and is thoroughly experienced in all the details of the trade. He devotes himself with great earnestness and energy to the supervision of the business, and has largely contributed to its success by his enterprise and commercial talents. Messrs. Reynolds & Co., Limited, enjoy the patronage of one of the most extensive and influential family connections possessed by any firm in Monmouthshire, and. have proved at all times thoroughly worthy of the confidence reposed in them by the public.

EVANS & ALLEN,
LONDON HOUSE, NEWPORT (MON.).

IT IS now more than half a century ago since this well-known drapery establishment was founded on the present site, and it can fairly claim to be one of the oldest houses in the south-west of England. London House will be long remembered by some of the largest and most successful proprietors in the trade as the training-quarters in which they received a thorough practical knowledge of their business. This establishment was founded by Mr. Davies in 1836, and was continued by him until 1847, when he took into partnership Mr. Benjamin Evans, one of the present partners, and continued it under the style of Davies & Evans. In 1854 Mr. Davies retired, leaving Mr. Evans as sole proprietor. Mr. Evans continued to control the business until 1888, when Mr. Walter Allen joined him, and took over the practical management of the concern. The energy and enterprise thus imported have vastly increased the business, and have necessitated, great additions and extensions of the premises.

The buildings are situated in one of the best positions in the town, immediately opposite the new Town Hall, and it now comprises three double-fronted shops, with arcade entrances, and having a frontage of ninety-seven feet to Commercial Street, rising to a height of four storeys, the carved stonework and balconies making it one of the structural and ornamental features of Commercial Street. The new premises on the High Street side are a handsome addition and were designed by Messrs. Graham & Hitchcox, and carried out by Mr. Blackburne, of Newport. A staff of over one hundred and fifty hands is employed on the premises, including eighty milliners and dressmakers. For the comfort of the employes the upper floors contain numerous sitting-rooms, and a dining-room capable of seating one hundred and twenty persons, which is utilised in winter for entertainments. Such houses as the one under notice play an important part in the commercial history of a town, and by their enterprise, and the honourable manner in which they are conducted, furnish an example which others would worthily follow. Success in commerce can only be obtained by diligent perseverance, and by working on a sound and honourable basis, and these have in this instance elevated London House to a position universally acknowledged as one of the foremost retail establishments in the district. Mr. Benjamin Evans was formerly intimately connected with the public life of Newport, and held office as mayor in 1874. The managing partner, Mr. Walter Allen, has had a long and extensive experience in the trade, and since his accession to the firm it has made rapid strides in the scope of its operations, and its progress is highly creditable to Mr. Allen, and is a proof of the esteem in which he and his partner are held by a large circle of patrons in Newport and surrounding districts.

HABERSHON SC FAWCKNER, ARCHITECTS,
PARK SQUARE, NEWPORT (MON.); AND AT 39, BLOOMSBURY SQUARE, LONDON, AND PEARL STREET, CARDIFF.

The above business was originally established in London, about half a century ago, by Mr. W. G. Habershon. The founder was afterwards joined by Mr. J. Follett Fawckner. The firm being appointed architects to Lord Tredegar, they opened offices at Newport and Cardiff, the former of which has now become the head place of business. The firm has been carried on under the present name for about thirteen years. Mr. Habershon died in 1891, and Mr. Fawckner is now the principal partner in this extensive and valuable business, his residence being at Park Square, Newport. The offices are splendidly equipped throughout, and possess every facility for drawing, designing, and making computations. A staff of skilled assistants is kept, and Mr. Fawckner himself personally supervises the whole of the transactions. The firm is largely engaged in supervising the erection of the best kind of public and private buildings, among which are churches, villas, country seats, and mansions. Among the buildings in Newport erected from their designs may be mentioned: the Victoria Hall, Temperance Hall, St. Mark’s Church, restoration at St. Woolos Church, the Newport and County Infirmary, the British Schools; also numerous business establishments, including W. A. Baker & Co.’s premises in Commercial Street. At Cardiff are the Park Hall Buildings, two Board schools, several chapels, and numerous structures in Queen Street, St. Mary Street, &c. The recent contracts include the Torbay Hospital, Torquay, chapel and schools at Bideford, church and parsonage at Liverpool, church at Beckham, Norfolk, and two churches at Nice. The firm’s productions have tended in no small degree to embellish the towns in which they are placed. Mr. Fawckner is regarded as taking a leading position in his profession, and personally he is held in the highest estimation.

H. J. GRATTE & SON, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL CHEMISTS,
55, COMMERCIAL ROAD, NEWPORT.

THIS influential business was established in the year 1856, by Mr. Henry J. Gratte, who subsequently took his son, Mr. Alfred, into partnership, when the firm assumed the present title. About two years ago Mr. Alfred Gratte became the sole manager, the firm still, however, retaining the old title. The premises occupy a commanding corner position at the junction of Bolt Street with the Commercial Road. The spacious and handsome shop has a very fine plate-glass frontage, the interior being fitted up in a very superior style. The establishment is connected through the Western Counties Telephone (No. 185) with all parts of the town. The stock is very large and comprehensive, embracing a most extensive assortment of drugs and chemicals of well-attested purity, all the best-known pharmaceutical preparations, patent medicines, and proprietary articles, surgical appliances of all kinds, hospital and sick-room requirements, a choice selection of perfumes and fancy soaps, sponges, brushes, and toilet requisites of every description. Amongst the special preparations for which this establishment has long been famous may be mentioned Gratte’s Household Embrocation, an invaluable remedy for rheumatism, lumbago, sciatica, &c., sold at 1s. one-and ha’penny a bottle, Firemen’s Mixture, and Indigestion Mixture, at 1s. 6d. a bottle. These are remedial agents that are producing the happiest results. Messrs. Gratte & Son also make a leading speciality of sea medicine-chests fitted up for all climates at reasonable prices, with book of directions in the English, German, Norwegian, Danish, French, Italian, or Dutch languages, and all kinds of stationery for ships. A good wholesale trade is done in oils, paints, colours and varnishes, &c., of which large stocks are kept; also importers of cigars. The business in every department receives the Strict personal attention of Mr. Alfred Gratte, who is an Associate of the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain. He brings to bear upon the business the advantage of a long professional and practical experience, and he is well known and highly esteemed in Newport, and enjoys the confidence and support of a very extensive and high-class connection.

WILLIAM YORATH & SON, BREWERS, THE CAMBRIAN BREWERY,
NEWPORT (MON.), AND AT CARDIFF.

PROMINENT among the leading brewers of South Wales and the western country generally stand Messrs. William Yorath & Son, of Newport and Cardiff, whose large business was founded at the Cambrian Brewery, Newport, upwards of thirty years ago. The concern came into the control of Mr. William Yorath about fifteen years since, and he taking his son, Mr. H. D. Yorath, into partnership, has since then continued the business with great success under the style of William Yorath & Son. Both the principals are thoroughly versed in all the details of the trade and the junior partner’s sound practical knowledge has lately been evidenced in the fact of his gaining a first prize for an essay on boiling and cooling malt liquor. The old premises of the Cambrian Brewery have recently been pulled down, and a fine new building has been erected on its site from designs by Mr. Charles Johnson, of Bristol. This handsome and commodious establishment now covers upwards of half an acre of ground, and comprises the brewery proper together with stores, stables, sheds, and all incidental outbuildings. The whole place is planned upon the most approved modern lines, and equipped throughout with plant and appliances of the highest type of efficiency, and it forms undoubtedly one of the best-organised breweries in the county. All modern improvements that have been sanctioned by experience are provided, and the working arrangements are thoroughly favourable to a large and first-class output. Special mention must be made of the splendid cellars, which are kept at one temperature by means of the ice plant which they have laid down.

Having an excellent water supply, and using only the best malt and hops, Messrs. Yorath & Son are enabled, with the superior facilities now at their disposal, to turn out ales and beers of a very high order of purity and excellence, and to maintain in them a uniform standard of merit. Their Mild, Strong, and Bitter Ales, Harvest Ale, and Stout are highly esteemed, and are in demand throughout a wide area in the Newport and Cardiff district. These beers will compare favourably with any brewed in Wales, and are always to be relied upon for purity, quality, and condition. The firm do a very large and important trade, and they are wholesale agents at Newport, Cardiff and district for Bass & Co, Limited, of Burton-on- Trent, in whose famous pale and Burton ales they do an additional business of considerable magnitude. The Messrs. Yorath, father and son, personally manage the whole of their extensive business, and they are both well known and much esteemed in commercial and private life. They are thorough masters, of the trade in all its details, and under their management and control the Cambrian Brewery has achieved a success which promises to be enduring, and which is certainly well deserved.

THOMAS DAWSON & CO., SHIP STORE MERCHANTS, WHOLESALE SHIP CHANDLERS, ROPE AND SAIL MAKERS, PROVISION AND BONDED STORE MERCHANTS, &C., &C.,
ALEXANDRA DOCKS, NEWPORT (MON.).

THIS well-known house has been established upwards of sixteen years, and has developed one of the largest and most comprehensive businesses of the kind in South Wales. In their various warehouses large and complete stocks are held, for the fitting out of steamers and sailing vessels with every requirement, and to comply to the regulations of the merchant marine. They have branches at 103, Bute Road, Cardiff, and at Barry Dock: and bonded warehouses at Dock Street, Newport, and John Street, Cardiff; all of these depots being fully stocked, and at each port a very large trade is done. In addition to the above, Messrs. Dawson & Co. carry on large workshops at Newport and Barry Dock (known as the “Tyneside Brass Foundry and Coppersmiths’ Works”), as brass founders and finishers, coppersmiths, tinsmiths, plumbers, ironworkers, &c., &c., and in which they hold a leading position, doing extensive business in each department. They have a large and efficient staff and every appliance at both places, so that every facility and despatch is given to all work entrusted to them, and they hold a high reputation for the first-class manner in which all work is turned out. Their various establishments and works are all connected with the National Telephone, thus affording them additional advantages to the speedy execution of their orders or works. Mr. Thomas Dawson, the head of the house, has been associated with marine business all his life, and is one of the most active workers in promoting the maritime interests of this “port of the future,” which has won for him a place in the front ranks of Newport’s business men.

WALTER HUNTER, ACCOUNTANT, LAND AND ESTATE AGENT, &C.,
57, DOCK STREET, NEWPORT.

MR. HUNTER commenced to practise as an accountant and land and estate agent about three years ago, and has rapidly built up a reputation and a connection. He occupies well fitted and furnished offices at the above address. As a reliable and conscientious accountant Mr. Hunter has acquired a high name, and his services are very frequently requisitioned when accuracy, promptitude, and honourable transactions are desired. He is an accomplished auditor, and has had considerable experience in opening and inspecting sets of books. Among the important agencies held by him may be mentioned the Manchester Fire Insurance Company, the English and Scottish Law Life Insurance Company, and Accident, Plate-Glass, and other insurance companies. He was for many years connected with the St. Julian’s Estates, of which he now has the management. Mr. Hunter is also the secretary to the St. Julian’s Brick and Tile Company, Limited, whose registered offices are in Newport. This company was formed in February, 1892, with a nominal capital of £15,000 in 1,500 shares of £10 each. The company was formed for working the well-known St. Julian’s Brick Works, near Newport, for the manufacture of bricks, tiles, and pottery. The land acquired by the company amounts to between twenty-four and twenty-five acres, and the adjoining land is being rapidly taken up as sites. The company has been successfully inaugurated, the directors being well-known public men, of good social standing and position. Mr. Hunter enjoys the friendship and confidence of many of the prominent local and district commercial gentlemen, and is generally respected for his courteous demeanour.

JAMES L. SMITH & CO., COLLIERY PROPRIETORS,
71, DOCK STREET, NEWPORT (MON.); AND 58, MOUNTSTUART SQUARE, CARDIFF.
Telegrams: “Cascade, Newport (Mon.).”

STATISTICS show that the exportation of Welsh coals, principally for the Continental markets, reaches the enormous average from Newport shippers alone of two million tons annually, and amongst the most notable houses engaged in the supply department of this important industry there are perhaps few that are so well known as the one which, organised seventeen years ago by Mr. James L. Smith, is to-day conducted by him with continued success under the style and title designated above. Mr. Smith’s premises comprise a well-appointed suite of offices at 71, Dock Street, a branch office at 58, Mountstuart Square, Cardiff, and a large depot at the Ebbw Vale Wharf, Newport. With a numerous and well-organised staff he supplies, in addition to local consumers, the principal merchants and shippers of both Newport and Cardiff with steam, house, and smithy coals, as well as with coals adapted for clay-drying and mining purposes; his principal brands being:— Black Vein and Waunavon steam coals; Derlwyn red ash, Little Rock red ash, and Mynyddislwyn red ash in house coals; and the celebrated Derlwyn Pontygwaith smithy coals, which are all held in high esteem by the local shippers, and accordingly command a constant market. Every characteristic of the house is consistent with the prestige and position it has won in the trade; and the entire business continues to receive the direct personal supervision of Mr. Smith, under whose control it has grown to be one of the largest and most successful institutions of the kind in South Wales.

G. J. DUNN & CO., COAL CONTRACTORS AND SHIPPERS,
DOCK STREET, NEWPORT.

THIS important and extensive business, which is daily undergoing large development, was established in 1891 by Mr. G. J. Dunn, trading under the above title. The premises occupied comprise a suite of well-fitted and furnished offices, private and general, and provided with every convenience and a competent staff. The practical experience and energy of Mr. Dunn enables him to preside at the head of an important undertaking — such as the one in which he is engaged — with every advantage, and he has already secured the confidence and support of a highly influential clientele. He is engaged for the greater part in exporting coal, largest shipments being to the south and west coasts and to Ireland; also to the Channel Islands. The coal, which is for both household and steam purposes, is derived from some of the best collieries in South Wales. Another highly important branch is the importation of pitwood from France and Ireland. In following out one of the most important trades of the port, Mr. Dunn has shown remarkable ability, and is well known in shipping circles. His courteous demeanour and straightforward transactions have combined to make him one of the most esteemed and respected of Newport’s commercial gentlemen.

A. H. BROWN, BOOT AND SHOE MAKER,
ALBANY BOOT WAREHOUSE, SKINNER STREET, NEWPORT (MON.).

THE most recent addition to the boot and shoe establishments of Newport was made on the 25th June, 1892, by Mr. A. H. Brown, who for the past fourteen years had acted as manager to the late Mr. D. E. Davies, of 26A, High Street. Centrally situated by the side of Messrs. Newman & Son’s music warehouse in Skinner Street, the handsome premises occupy a commanding corner position where that thoroughfare joins Commercial Street. Conspicuous amongst the large and comprehensive selection of boots and shoes are the celebrated “K.” boots, for which Mr. Brown acts as the sole agent in Newport. In order to insure a good fit in his bespoke department, Mr. Brown employs men of the highest skill exclusively to do his work, and makes a pair of lasts for each customer free of charge. Mr. Brown is essentially practical in his knowledge of the trade, and he is therefore able to ensure the highest form of superior workmanship and material. In addition to ordinary bespoke work, he has paid special attention to the making of livery and military boots of every description to order, and retains a staff of specially skilled craftsmen in undertaking repairs in all its branches, his tariff of charges being most moderate. Mr. Brown is personally well known in Newport, and the manner in which he has formed his business has already met with an approval that is amply attested by the liberal patronage accorded to him.

W. A. BAKER & CO., WHOLESALE AND EXPORT IRONFOUNDERS AND MANUFACTURERS OF STOVES, RANGES, GATES, RAILINGS, COLUMNS, GIRDERS, ROOFS, BRIDGES, &C.,
7 AND 8, COMMERCIAL STREET, AND WESTGATE IRON WORKS, NEWPORT (MON.).

THIS important and widely known firm was founded about twenty-five years ago by the present principal, Mr. W. A. Baker, who built the fine premises now occupied in Commercial Street. This building, erected four years ago from designs by Messrs. W. G. Habershon & Fawckner, of Newport and London, is one of the finest commercial structures in the provinces, and contains five lofty and spacious floors, with a remarkably handsome and imposing street frontage. Internally this commodious establishment has been most carefully arranged to afford every convenience for the transaction of an unusually large business and the display of an immense stock. Such an array of useful and attractive goods as Messrs. W. A. Baker & Co. display here is rarely met with even in these days of gigantic business establishments, and the magnitude of the stock will be understood when we say that it comprises everything that can be classified under such departmental heads as the following:— stoves, ranges, builders’ ironwork of all kinds, builders’ and plumbers’ ironmongery, cabinetmakers’ ironmongery and brassfoundry, plain and enamelled slate and marble chimneypieces, general marble and slate work, glass, lead, encaustic and enamelled tiles, sanitary ware, paints, colours, oils, lamps, hollowware, and all manner of household ironmongery and hardware. These various departments are stocked with the newest and best productions in their several lines, embracing many articles of Messrs. Baker’s own high-class manufacture, and the arrangement of the goods in each section is such as to facilitate inspection and enable customers to make a choice without loss of time. Special mention should be made of the firm’s fine exhibit of marble and slate mantels, brass and oxidised ornamental work, tile hearths, brass chandeliers, and fancy goods in brass and steel.

The retail department extends through to Skinner Street in the rear, where a bridge connects it with the firm’s large and elaborately equipped works. These are known as the Westgate Iron Works, and cover a ground area of about one thousand six hundred square yards. They comprise large moulding shops, engine-house, smiths’ and fitters’ shops, spacious iron stoves, cement and plaster stoves, lacquering shops, &c., and each department has a complete outfit of modern machinery designed for its special purposes. In addition to this the firm own the Llanarth Engineering Works. These were acquired a few months ago, and here the wrought-iron work is done.

Messrs. W. A. Baker & Co. employ a large force of skilled workmen and carry on a very large industry as ironfounders and general metal-workers. Their principal productions include iron bridge work, columns, girders, lattice work, iron gates and railings, iron garden seats, palisading, iron roof work, stoves and ranges, and all kinds of general castings and constructional and ornamental ironwork. The firm supplied the ironwork columns for the Victoria Arcade at Swansea, the ironwork for the internal reconstruction of the Albert Hall, Swansea, the bridge work for the Great Western Railway station at Llantrissant, the verandah of the Great Western Railway station at Cardiff, everything connected with the Park Hall, Cardiff, the finest hall in Wales, including all the ironwork, the columns, the balcony, &c., the bridge for the new copper works at Penibrey, and several bridges for the Rhymney Railway Company. In all these instances great satisfaction has been given by the work, which affords an instructive indication of the firm’s large resources and capabilities. Messrs. W. A. Baker & Co.’s business in its entirety may fairly be classed among the most extensive manufacturing ironmongery concerns in the United Kingdom, and it is a monument to the sterling business qualities of its esteemed proprietor, who has raised it to its high position by his untiring energy and enterprise. Mr. W. A. Baker is a director of the South Wales Glass-bottle Company, Newport.

THE NEWPORT RUBBER AND WASTE COMPANY,
23B, HIGH STREET, NEWPORT.

UNDER the above title this very progressive and useful business was established in December, 1889. It is now the sole property of Mr. J. Jones, who continues the enterprise under the original title. The premises occupied comprise a very handsome and convenient suite of offices within a minute’s walk of the station. The business is chiefly noted for its eminently useful and reliable properties, and as such it has become known, not only in Newport, but in all parts of the county and South Wales for the supply of every description of collieries and works requisites, and each article may be implicitly relied upon. Mr. Jones is constantly receiving the most gratifying reports as to the satisfactory nature of his commodities. A list of the leading specialities of the firm is here given: Indiarubber Valves, Buffer Rings, and Washers, Plain and Insertion Sheeting, Delivery, Suction, and Brewers’ Hose, Indiarubber, Camelhair, and all other classes of Belting, Indiarubber Door-mats, Brattice Cloth, Hemp, Lubricating Chalk, Asbestos, Indiarubber Core, and all other packings for marine or stationary engines; Rope and other Yarns, Coir Rope, Lamp-wick, Black Gasketing, Coloured Cotton, Grey, White, and Thumb Wastes, Sponge Cloths, Twines, &c., &c. There are also important specialities in oils and greases, suited to a great variety of purposes where purity and body are required. Mr. Jones guarantees that all orders entrusted to him will be promptly executed, and that all goods in quality and price shall be equal to those of any house — either importers, manufacturers, or merchants — in the trade. Patrons will find in Mr. Jones an able, courteous, and honourable business man who is respected by all his business connections.
Telegraphic address is, “Tropwen, Newport (Mon.)”

MORDEY, JONES & CO., SHIPOWNERS, MERCHANTS, COLLIERY AGENTS, AND COAL FACTORS,
DOCK STREET, NEWPORT (MON.).

MR. Thomas H. Mordey and Mr. Edmund W. Jones some ten years ago founded what is now the notably successful firm of Mordey, Jones & Co. Both the members of the firm brought to their task a wide experience of the business in all its branches, Mr. Mordey being a brother of Mr. Mark Mordey of the older and well-known firm of Mordey, Carney & Co., engineers, dry dock proprietors, &c. The high standing to which Messrs. Mordey, Jones & Co. have attained in commercial circles is due, in the first instance, to the exceptionally prompt attention paid to all business placed in their care. Their fleet, which is of modern construction, and is admirably found in every respect, includes the steamships “Auckland Castle” and “Mardy,” as well as the sailing-vessels “Maid of Honour” and “Gleaner.” The latter are employed chiefly in sending coals to Irish ports. The firm conduct a considerable export trade in coal, which they send to different ports on the Continent of Europe. Messrs. Mordey, Jones & Co. have also intimate relations with the ironmasters of Glamorganshire and Monmouthshire, including the midland district, in connection with their regular imports of Spanish iron ore from Bilbao into the various ports on the northern shore of the Bristol Channel. They also control an important trade coastwise, shipping large quantities of the best red ash and other coals for household use.

Messrs. Mordey, Jones & Co. are the sole agents, so far as the Newport, Cardiff, and Swansea districts are concerned, for the sale of the best Antwerp silver sand. They are likewise agents for the supply of the excellent slate, bricks, and granite stone from large Pembrokeshire works, and Messrs. C. Francis, Son & Co.’s celebrated Vectis cement. The importance of the firm’s position in the shipping community of Newport is enhanced by the fact that they are agents for the China Mutual Steam Navigation Company, which carries large quantities of iron, &c., to China, Japan, &c. Messrs. Mordey, Jones & Co. occupy a conveniently situated and well-appointed suite of general and private offices in Dock Street, adjoining the - old docks. They are furnished with all the requisites for the prompt despatch of the large amount of correspondence and other commercial business necessitated by the numerous and important transactions of the firm. An efficient clerical staff is employed, including shorthand writers and other experts in the various departments. The members of the firm are both personally well known throughout the commercial and shipping circles of Monmouthshire and South Wales, where they are highly esteemed on account of the sterling integrity and the spirit of liberality which characterises all their business transactions. Mr. Mordey devotes a portion of his energies to the public service, and is a harbour commissioner and a member of the Newport and District School Board.

THE TOWNSEND CYCLE COMPANY, LIMITED, CYCLE MANUFACTURERS AND AGENTS,
113, COMMERCIAL STREET, NEWPORT (MON.).

THIS business originated many years ago — in fact, when the cycle trade was in its infancy. The premises occupied comprise a spacious and well-lighted show-room, fitted up with appliances and means for the display of its valuable contents, together with a compact suite of offices and large store-rooms at the rear. The workshops are equipped with all the necessary plant and a number of skilled workmen are kept constantly employed. The Townsend Cycle Company represent the great bulk of the leading manufacturers in the cycle world. They hold stocks of their best productions, and in extent and value their selections have possibly no equals in the Principality. As showing the comprehensive character of the business done, it may be stated that the Company are the sole district agents for something like twenty makers, including the manufacturers of such world-famed “brands” as “Premier,” “Swift,” “Singer,” “Rudge,” “Humber,” “Raleigh,” “New Howe,” “New Rapid,” “Ivel,” “Crypto,” “Psycho,” “Bonnick,” “Rival,” and “Raglan.” The stocks include all the new patterns in each type of machine in pneumatic, cushioned, and solid-tyred cycles. Special reference should be made to the varied display of juvenile cycles, a branch in which the Company rank among the best makers. From the position in which the Company is placed, and the extent of its transactions, prices can be secured here which cannot be duplicated elsewhere, while quality and efficiency are always guaranteed. The accessory department here comprises every known appliance connected with cycles. These have been selected with much knowledge and care, they are in all cases the latest and most approved of their kind, and are offered at manufacturers’ prices. Special mention deserves to be made of their “progressive payment system.” Machines are supplied at lowest prices, without any interest being charged for credit on payment down of one-twelfth of the amount, the machine becoming the absolute property of the purchaser after he has made eleven more consecutive monthly payments, all makers’ machines being supplied. Special attention is given to repairs, and enamelling and plating are done in a manner worthy of the best Coventry establishments. The Company are official repairers by appointment to the Cyclist Touring Club.

The Company are also largely occupied with photographic apparatus and material, and have secured a well-established reputation in this line. Magic lanterns are made a leading feature in this department. They are kept in stock at prices ranging from thirty pence to thirty pounds each. Magic lanterns and slides, of which they hold an immense assortment, are lent out on hire, and entertainments are provided by arrangement in Newport or the district. The connection is large and influential, and its constant increase is eminently satisfactory to the enterprise and management of the Company.

THE BRITISH GAS-METER COMPANY, LIMITED,
MAKERS TO THE ADMIRALTY AND THE BOARD OF TRADE TEST DEPARTMENT,
CHARLOTTE STREET, NEWPORT (MON,).

IN spite of the competition of the electric light, gas still holds its own as an efficient, economical, and convenient means of illumination, to say nothing of the many other uses to which it is now applied; and it is a matter of great consequence to the general public that their consumption of gas should be accurately registered. This can be done only by a good meter, such as those made by the well-known Newport concern named above. This business was founded about ten years ago under the style of Foxall, Llewellin, Jones & Co., and was converted into a private limited company in 1887, the managing director being Mr. Isaac Llewellin, one of the partners in the old firm. The Company are the only manufacturers of gas-meters in South Wales and Monmouthshire, and their productions include wet and dry meters from two lights up to five hundred lights; also station meters, gas governors, gas lamps in a large variety of designs, safety lamps for gas-works, a patent index for registering consumption of gas, and a patent test meter for testing all classes of meters. An important speciality consists in a new automatic meter, by which a consumer can obtain twenty-five feet of gas by “putting a penny in the slot,” more or less subject to regulations. Several hundreds have already been turned out, and an improvement has been invented by the works manager, Mr. John Ll. Jones, for preventing the friction on the main wheel and ensuring certain stoppage of supply after the consumption of the twenty-five feet until a further contribution of a penny is placed in the slot. The advantages of this clever apparatus are obvious, and it ought to bring in a substantial reward for the ingenuity of its inventors, who have duly protected the idea by patent.

The merits of the gas-meters made by the Company under notice may be briefly summed up under four highly important heads: (1) They register twenty-five per cent more gas per revolution than the ordinary dry meter, which is equivalent to twenty-five per cent longer wear. (2) The patent clock dial index can be very easily read, and gives great satisfaction to the consumer. (3) The leathers are fastened direct to the ring, independent of the string, in such a manner that if the string were taken off altogether the meter would continue to register all the gas passing through it. (4) The long leverage in the Company’s patent gear enables the meter to work at very low pressure. In addition to their improved meter, the Company supply Bray’s & Thorpe’s well-known gas-burners, and Hargreaves & Bardsley’s highly-approved self-acting gas governors; gas pillars, gas tubings, and all kinds of fittings also come within the scope of their extensive trade. They are makers to the Admiralty and to the Board of Trade Test Department, and their meters gained a silver medal at Stockport Exhibition (1882), and a silver medal at the Inventions Exhibition, London, 1885. The works in Charlotte Street, Newport, have been specially designed and equipped for the purposes of the industry, and give employment to a numerous staff of hands. A large and increasing trade is controlled, and the Company have built up a valuable connection extending over a wide area.

Mr. Jones, the able manager of the works, has had great experience in the manufacture of meters, and skilfully directs the practical operations of the concern. Mr. Llewellin, the managing director, is one of the best-known men in Newport, both in public and commercial life. He is a member of the Town Council, representing Central Ward, and also a member of the Board of Guardians and the School Board. He is also a director of the Newport Steam Bakery Company, Limited, contractor to the Newport Alexandra Dock Company, and senior partner in the Ponthir Tin-plate Company. Mr. Llewellin is greatly respected for his business ability, sound principles, and constant interest in the industrial progress of Newport.

WILLIAM JONES, IRONMONGER, TOOL, AND GENERAL DEALER,
MARKET BUILDINGS, NEWPORT (MON.).

THE branch of business operations concerned with the distribution of general ironmongery goods forms an important part in the every-day economy of all communities, and in Newport finds admirable representation at the hands of Mr. William Jones, who formed the nucleus of his still expanding business fully forty years ago, finally taking up his quarters about three years and a half since in the present eligibly situated premises, which occupy a commanding corner position in the Market Buildings. The spacious double-fronted shop, with its commodious well-constructed basement stores, is admirably appointed throughout to hold and display a large and thoroughly representative stock of household and furnishing ironmongery of every description, including all classes of goods appertaining to domestic use, culinary purposes, &c., builders’ ironmongery of all kinds, and goods of a similar character, prominence being given to tools for all trades, and to a very fine stock of secondhand gas-engines, steam-engines, lathes, and the like. The display of articles in all branches of the trade is exceptionally good, and the premises are arranged in a superior style and in the most methodical manner. In the executive department all kinds of repairs work is undertaken by Mr. Jones, who is ably assisted by his son, Mr. G. W. Jones, and supported by a staff of skilled and experienced craftsmen. In every department of the business high-class quality is made a feature of special importance to which the proprietor’s attention is particularly directed, and it is largely due to this fact that the firm has become so widely popular, and that such an extensive and thriving business has been developed.

KING’S HEAD HOTEL, FAMILY, COMMERCIAL, AND POSTING HOUSE,
HIGH STREET, NEWPORT (MON.).
WILLIAM WATKINS, PROPRIETOR.

FROM the date of its inception, at the dawn of the present century, down to the present time, the King’s Head Hotel has enjoyed an uninterrupted prosperity, although its proprietary mutations have been many, and are quaintly recorded in the house as follows:— John Morgan, 1800 to 1824; James Church, 1824 to 1847; John Lloyd, 1847 to 1867; Newport Hotels Company, Limited, 1867 to 1875: G. F. Gritton, 1875 to 1891. In 1891 Mr. William Watkins, after many years of the soundest practical experience in hotel management, acquired the property, and since his advent has done so much to enhance the popularity of the establishment that his house is so largely patronised as to warrant him in extending the accommodation at his disposal. During the past thirty years the hotel had undergone vast improvements and extensions, and every worthy advance of modern researches in sanitation and general convenience had been adopted, so that the King’s Head to-day combines all the best comforts of an ancient hostelry with all the luxuries of our latter-day cosmopolitan mode of living. The substantial building of massive old English architecture rises to an elevation of three storeys, and is provided with a handsome porticoed entrance, which leads to a fine hall, from which access is gained to the spacious dining and coffee rooms, public and private bars, and extensive, elaborately equipped kitchens and domestic offices. On the first floor there is a commodious dining and committee room, for board and other meetings, and beautifully furnished apartments en suite: while the topmost floor is fully utilised for bedroom accommodation, which is of the best description. There is at present accommodation for seventy guests at the hotel. At the rear of the main building a three-storeyed wing has been added, in which there is a ballroom of noble proportions, decorated in the best modern style, and where the Monmouthshire Hunt Ball has been held for the last fifty years. A side gateway entrance from the High Street leads to the extra-mural buildings, which comprise an extensive range of capitally constructed stables, coach-houses, loose-boxes, saddle and harness rooms, provender stores, a parcels’ office, and a beautifully equipped biliard-saloon. The posting department comprises a large number of vehicles, in the way of handsome broughams, landaus, wagonettes, drags, gigs, dogcarts, and the like, and a service of twenty-five good horses, drivers, grooms, and other competent hands to attend to guests requiring attendance on pleasure parties and so forth.

Attached to the hotel, moreover, are the quarters of the Newport and County Club, of one hundred and fifty members, whose large dining, coffee, reading, billiard, and other rooms are, like those of the hotel, luxuriously furnished throughout, the attendance and refreshment catering being supplied from the hotel. Noted equally for its excellent cookery and choice wines, the menage of the King’s Head is about as perfect as it well can be, and although usually patronised to its full extent and capabilities of accommodation, its guests are principally drawn from the most select circles of society, and the leading commercial gentlemen of South Wales. Order, system, and courtesy are salient characteristics of the place, and it is plain to all that Mr. Watkins spares no effort to make the present and future reputation of the house fully consistent with all its past traditions of credit and renown. During the visit of the Associated Chambers of Commerce to Newport in September, 1892, a complimentary dinner was given to the members, which was provided by Mr. Watkins, of the King's Head Hotel, who was highly complimented by Sir Albert Rollit and the committee for the admirable style and arrangements by which the banquet was carried out, and gave every satisfaction to the three hundred and fifty guests who sat down on that occasion.

THOMAS PRICE, TREDEGAR HAT AND CAP STORES,
102 AND 103, COMMERCIAL STREET, NEWPORT.

THIS highly successful commercial enterprise was commenced by the present sole owner, Mr. Thomas Price, about two years ago. So quickly did the trade develop that it became necessary to secure the adjoining shop, the two presenting a spacious street frontage. The interior fittings and furnishings are on an elegant scale, the stocks being arranged with excellent effect and judgment. Each shop has its distinct and separate stock, each being thoroughly comprehensive. No. 102 is devoted to hats, caps, and umbrellas, No. 103 to hosiery, gentlemen’s underclothing, and fancy goods. Reverting to the first-named, a very extensive assortment of the most superior goods will be found in silk and felt hats, in all the newest and most graceful shapes. There are also tweed caps, cloth caps, and a large assortment of P. & O. caps, engine-room caps, and pilot caps, &c. The umbrellas are in many elegant designs, covered with silk, alpaca, &c., and are light and strong. Mr. Price is the sole agent for the famous Ilex patent improved umbrella. In gentlemen’s underclothing there are all kinds of pants, shirts, &c., in Shetland wool, cashmere, and merino. A handsome assortment is kept of satin, silk, and satinette ties and scarfs, in the newest patterns. There are also dungarees, cotton and wool shirts, sleeve-links, braces, gloves, &c. In the latter there are Dent’s best makes in kid, calf, dogskin, tan, wool, &c., in all sizes. Through the enterprise of Mr. Price, the public in the locality are enabled to select from a thoroughly magnificent stock, suited for land and marine purposes. In every respect the business is conducted with the greatest ability under the personal supervision of Mr. Price, who is deservedly held in the highest respect.

DAVIES BROTHERS, SLATE, CEMENT, IRON, AND GENERAL BUILDING MATERIAL MERCHANTS,
LONDON AND BANGOR WHARVES, NEWPORT (MON.).

THIS very substantial and old-established firm do an extensive trade in slates, cement, iron, and building materials generally. It was originally founded as long ago as the year 1862 (the present partners, Mr. John Davies and Mr. Griffith Davies, entering into possession in l878) at the above wharves, which are situated at opposite sides of Newport Bridge. These premises are very extensive and admirably adapted for the purposes of the trade, the larger being the London Wharf, which was built by the firm about ten years ago. Here there is a capital suite of offices with a spacious warehouse in the rear. The wharves, being on the river, possess exceptional transport facilities, and there are some twenty-five or thirty hands constantly and regularly employed. The firm are sole agents for Messrs. J. B. White & Brothers’ Well-known London Portland cement, and they also hold a large stock of bricks, plaster, whiting, slates, chalk, chimney pieces, fire-grates, and builders’ ironmongery of all kinds, such as nails, screws, locks, bolts, window furniture, &c. They also have a branch depot at Barry Dock. Both partners having devoted close attention at all times to the details of their affairs, enjoy the confidence and esteem of a very large and influential connection throughout Monmouth and the South of Wales, while they are personally much looked up to and very popular with all who have the advantage of their private friendship or acquaintance.

THE SOUTH WALES TOBACCO MANUFACTURING COMPANY, LIMITED,
HIGH STREET, NEWPORT (MON.).

PROJECTED three years ago, under the auspices of a wealthy and influential directorate, composed of local gentlemen, with Mr. H. A. T. Skyrme as their active and experienced managing director, this important concern already takes rank among the leading industrial institutions of Newport by reason of the high excellence of its products and its large annual turnover. The large and substantially built factory is heralded by a spacious single-fronted retail depot, which overlooks the pavement of the busy High Street, is appointed throughout in a most modern style, and heavily stocked with choice tobaccos, cigars, cigarettes, pipes and fancy goods, dear to the lover of the fragrant weed. Passing to the rear of this well-regulated and largely patronised emporium, the factory is revealed. First comes a storage-room, in which a very large quantity of leaf tobacco just as imported is always, en evidence: then the cutting-room, replete with all the most improved machinery extant, driven by a twelve horse-power steam-engine by Messrs. Fielding & Platt. On the second floor are a suite of four commodious rooms; the first of these is equipped with two steam and one dry stoves, and a large fan cooler which creates a good draught in the room, and these appliances together allow of five hundred pounds of tobacco being effectually dried at a time. Then come the rooms devoted to machinery for rolling tobacco into such forms as lady’s twist, nail rod and the like, and for holding the various forms of stationery required for packing and other purposes, while on the floor above is the handsomely furnished board-room. The Company produce all kinds of cut tobaccos and twists for smokers generally, but have won a well-merited renown for their registered “Sunclad” brand of superfine shag, which has an enormous sale throughout the Principality. They employ a staff of about forty hands, principally women, in the executive department, while their business is promoted among retail dealers through the agency of travellers; and every operation incidental to the establishment is carried out in a manner bespeaking a perfect system of organisation and a management of the highest efficiency.

GRIFFITHS & SONS, GENERAL DRAPERS, MILLINERS, TAILORS, FURNISHERS AND BOOT DEALERS,
51 TO 54, COMMERCIAL ROAD; 50, LEWIS STREET; AND 1, BOLT STREET, NEWPORT (MON.); AND AT 12, BUTE STREET, CARDIFF.

FOUNDED over twenty years ago, this notable concern has developed at a very remarkable rate, and stands to-day in the front rank of local trade as an emporium of drapery, fashions, clothing, and general furnishing. The business was established by the late Mrs. Griffiths, and is now in the hands of that lady’s four sons, Mr. J. M. Griffiths, Mr. C. H. Griffiths, Mr. J. P. Griffiths, and Mr. J. H. Griffiths, who conduct it in co-partnership with uninterrupted success and conspicuous ability. In Commercial Road the firm occupy a large block of buildings,
comprising four fine shops adjoining each other, the frontage being one hundred and fifty feet, and the depth about one hundred and sixty-five feet from front to rear. There are three main entrances and seven large plate-glass windows, which are always elegantly and attractively dressed with the newest goods in the trade. Internally the shops are splendidly appointed, and have the advantage of excellent light from the roof.

The establishment is divided into four principal sections, No. 51 being the general drapery department. Here visitors will find a most comprehensive stock, embracing special features in coloured dress goods of all kinds and textures, besides a full range of black dress materials and costume fabrics, silks, silk velvets, rich plushes, velveteens, skirtings, &c. In heavy goods the supply is no less complete, including a choice selection of flannels, blankets, quilts of every description, white and unbleached sheetings, Horrockses & Crewdson’s celebrated white calicoes, unbleached calicoes and twills, linens and. diapers, hollands, dowlas, ducks, canvases, tray-cloths, towels, &c., &c. Messrs. Griffiths & Sons also show a very attractive stock of dress muslins, prints, ribbons, laces, scarves, belts, sashes, corsets, ladies’ and children’s underclothing, Dent’s gloves, haberdashery, trimmings, and ornaments. Attention is likewise due to the excellent assortment of linoleums, oilcloths, floorcloths, mats, mattings, American leathers, fancy cretonnes, art muslins, sofa cushions, tea cosies, and lace and net curtains, brought before the notice of their patrons by this enterprising firm.

In the spacious and handsomely appointed show-rooms on the first floor, new and highly interesting features of Messrs. Griffiths & Sons’ business command admiration. In this part of the premises will be found all the latest styles of Paris and London in ladies’ mantles, cloaks, and jackets, hats, bonnets, flowers, feathers, ornaments, jerseys, blouses, bodices and skirts, trimmed hats and bonnets in great variety, and infants’ millinery and costumes. The next department is that for gents’ outfitting in all its branches, comprising a most complete and carefully selected stock of hats, in every new style and material, besides caps of all kinds: and there is a full range of Morley’s celebrated hosiery — all very superior goods, at moderate prices. In shirts Messrs. Griffiths & Sons have a speciality, and it is noteworthy that these goods are all made at the firm’s own factory, the leading lines being in real Welsh flannels, white and striped flannels, and special fabrics for boating and cricketing. Shirts for dress wear and ordinary use are kept in stock in every size and quality, together with ties, scarves, gloves, handkerchiefs, mufflers, braces, collars, fronts, studs, solitaires, umbrellas, Gladstone bags, dressing-cases, portmanteaus, hat-cases, brief-bags, purses — in fact, every item of a gentleman’s wardrobe or outfit. Adjoining the outfitting department is the clothing department, with a fine assortment of cloths for bespoke tailoring, and a vast stock of ready-made clothing of every style and material for boys, youths, and men. The firm employ highly skilled and experienced cutters and tailors for order work, and carefully maintain a special standard of excellence in the ready-made branch as well, every suit and garment being well cut, well made, and neatly finished.

Messrs. Griffiths & Sons also have a highly successful boot and shoe department, in which they hold one of the largest and best stocks to be met with in “Wales and the West.” Both men’s and women’s goods are fully represented in all sizes, shapes, and materials, and ample provision is made for the requirements of children of all ages and both sexes in the matter of footwear. Boots and shoes are also made to order on the premises by skilled workmen, and a good fit is guaranteed. In all departments of their business Messrs. Griffiths & Sons invariably give their customers the best value possible, and by adhering to the “cash system” of trading they are enabled to afford their patrons those advantages of price to which a ready-money purchaser is entitled. The business in its entirety is admirably organised and in a most prosperous condition, a very large trade being done. The partners all take an active part in the administration of the concern, and are experienced and enterprising business men, well known in local circles, and much esteemed for their - progressive spirit and straightforward methods.

ALFRED BLAND, PASTRYCOOK AND CONFECTIONER,
152, COMMERCIAL STREET, NEWPORT (MON.).

THIS large and high-class business was founded in Newport upwards of thirty years ago by its present sole proprietor, Mr. Alfred Bland, under whose able and thoroughly practical direction it has attained a leading position. The premises occupied in Commercial Street have recently been rebuilt, and now form a handsome and commodious four-storey block, with a frontage of forty-four feet and a depth of one hundred and sixty feet, the total floorage area being about twenty-one thousand superficial feet. The ground floor contains the well-fitted confectionery shop, with a large and comprehensive stock, and the equally handsomely appointed restaurant and dining-room. A staircase leads to the first floor, the front part of which is arranged as a ladies’ coffee and dining-rooms, with every modern convenience. At the rear of the premises is a splendidly-equipped three-storey bakery for the making of bread, biscuits, cakes, and confectionery generally. Among Mr. Bland’s many specialities we may mention richly ornamented bride cakes, savoy and madeira cakes, seed and pound cakes, the celebrated “Tredegar Hunt Pie,” game and pigeon pies, chicken pies, Melton Mowbray pies, soups, jellies, creams, ices, French and Italian pastry, Swiss pastry, muffins, crumpets, and fancy bread, superior mild-cured Bath hams and tongues, &c., &c. Breakfasts, luncheons, ball suppers, &c., are supplied, and plate, glass, china, tables, table-linen, and seating are lent on hire. Another notable speciality is Bland’s “Excelsior” Self- raising Flour, for which there is a large demand among families, &c. Mr. Bland’s bread, cakes, &c., are all made by machinery, and are of the finest and purest quality.

In addition to the head establishment in Commercial Street, Mr. Bland conducts the well-known “Silver Grill Restaurant” at 58, High Street, a handsomely appointed place with dining and coffee-rooms for luncheons, dinners, and teas. Here chops, steaks, and other viands are served in the best style at all hours. Mr. Bland also has a branch shop known as “The Mikado,” at 17A, High Street, where he keeps a fine stock of confectionery, plain and fancy bread, &c. Altogether an exceedingly large business is done, and the house enjoys the confidence and support of a wide and influential connection in Newport and district. By his energy, judgment, and careful attention to the requirements of patrons, Mr. Bland has raised his business to a pre-eminent position, and he thoroughly deserves the success that has rewarded his untiring efforts and straightforward methods. Personally he enjoys the respect of all classes of the community, and in his fine establishment in Commercial Street he has given to that important thoroughfare one of its handsomest business edifices. Mr. Bland has three sons, who have been brought up in the business, and who take an active part in the working of the concern, and in future the business will be carried on under the style of Alfred Bland & Sons.
Telegrams should be addressed: “Bland, Newport (Mon.).”

ALFRED TAYLOR, WOOLLENDRAPER, TAILOR, OUTFITTER, AND GENERAL HOSIER,
31 AND 32, HIGH STREET, NEWPORT (MON.).

MR. ALFRED TAYLOR for the past four-and-twenty years has conducted a business which was founded as far back as seventy years ago by a Mr. Pollock, and was subsequently promoted by a Mr. Porter, from whom Mr. Taylor acquired the concern. The premises occupied are most eligibly situated adjoining the City of Gloucester Bank, at the corner facing the famous Westgate Hotal, and present a singularly attractive facade to the street by reason of its handsome architectural features and admirably dressed series of four plate-glass windows. There are two entrances, leading respectively into two shops, one for outfitting and the other for tailoring. Both of these depots are appointed throughout in the best modern style, terminating in offices at the rear. In the outfitting department a very large and comprehensive stock of superior goods is held and advantageously displayed in the way of shirts of every kind, collars and cuffs, ties and scarves, braces and belts, hosiery and underwear, and gloves by all the leading makers of the day; while in the tailoring department, in addition to a complete selection of woollens and other fashionable fabrics, and ready-made clothing of every class and grade for both men, youths, and boys, a special bespoke department is in operation, where skilled hands are engaged in the making of garments which, for style, fit, and finish, cannot be surpassed, while the prices charged are in all cases moderate. A full staff of courteous and manifestly efficient assistants is engaged in the sale departments, and the entire business, under Mr. Taylor's vigorous personal supervision, is most capably and energetically conducted upon lines which have won for him the esteem, confidence, and liberal support of a very large, influential, and still rapidly-growing connection drawn practically from all classes of the community.

GEORGE BURGE, FISHMONGER, POULTERER, AND FRUITERER, DEALER IN GAME, &C.,
9, COMMERCIAL STREET, NEWPORT.

THIS superior, flourishing, and smartly-conducted business was founded by the present owner, Mr. George Burge, in 1860, on the premises now occupied. These consist of an extensive double-fronted shop, having at the rear the convenient office. The shop is capitally arranged and fixtured for the purposes of the trade, and presents a very clean and prepossessing appearance. Mr. Burge has made his business his study, and there is no more competent purchaser or judge in the district than he. His long experience enables him to cater with the most entire success, and it is a very rare occasion when a want cannot be supplied. He deals in all kinds of sound English and Jersey fruits, receiving large consignments fresh daily. All the delicacies of the season are to hand. The same applies to fish, both fresh and salt-water; fine specimens of Severn salmon may always be seen here in season, as well as natives and barrelled oysters. All the different kinds of game are supplied by the best quarters, Mr. Burge taking special pains to secure the leading supplies in the district. A fresh stock of poultry is exposed for sale daily. Turkeys and fowls boned to order free of charge. Among other notable delicacies are the prime ox-tongues and country sausages, quality unequalled. Wenham Lake ice is largely dealt in. Orders are called for daily, and there is no disappointment in the delivery, every branch of the business being closely superintended, and there being several competent and civil assistants employed. As a conscientious and courteous tradesman Mr. Burge is deservedly esteemed by all having dealings with him.

THE QUEEN HOTEL,
BRIDGE STREET, NEWPORT (MON.).
PROPRIETOR, MR. JAMES ROWE.

THE hospitable history of the Queen Hotel goes back twenty-one years ago, when its proprietor was Mr. Southall. About three years afterwards it came into the hands of Mr. Matthew, who carried on a successful business until 1882, when the present proprietor, Mr. James Rowe, took it over. He has since conducted it, to the utmost satisfaction of his guests, on the lines of a first-class commercial hotel, with a large amount of town business in addition. The hotel occupies a very prominent position, close to the Victoria Theatre, and facing down Bridge Street. It is built in a triangular form, with a fine facade five storeys in height. The commercial-room and the coffee-room are handsomely and comfortably furnished, and the service is not only courteous and prompt, but also intelligent, which is probably the result of the fact that it is under the constant personal supervision of the proprietor. For the accommodation of commercial gentlemen carrying heavy samples, three or four stock-rooms are most conveniently fitted up for the display of their goods. The billiard-room is spacious, affording ample room for two full-sized tables. All its appointments are first-class, and it is commonly admitted to be one of the handsomest billiard-rooms in the district. The bars are invested by their tasteful arrangement with an air of genial comfort which is most attractive. Here the soundest of liquors are dispensed at moderate prices, and one of these bars is devoted to the serving of toothsome and inexpensive luxuries, as well as solid viands, in the shape of luncheons and snacks. At the rear of the building are two retail vaults, and a department for the sale of wines and spirits in bottles. The bedrooms are particularly airy, and are furnished with homelike comfort. They afford ample sleeping accommodation for thirty or forty guests. Porters meet all the trains to take charge of visitors’ luggage, and between twenty and thirty hands are employed in the various servants’ departments. The hotel is the headquarters of the local Cyclist Touring Club. Since Mr. Rowe became the proprietor of the Queen Hotel he has developed a large amount of new business, the result of his enterprising and liberal management. This is especially manifested in the excellent table d'hote dinner which is served every day. Mr. Rowe is unwearying in his attention to the comfort of his guests, and has, therefore, earned a large amount of popularity amongst a wide circle of habitual visitors.

JOHN JONES, GROCER AND PROVISION DEALER,
85, COMMERCIAL ROAD, NEWPORT (MON.).

TWENTY-SEVEN years have now elapsed since Mr. John Jones entered upon his now prosperous business, and it has been consistently built up by conscientiously catering to the needs and requirements of all classes of the community on the principle of supplying goods of exclusively the soundest quality at the lowest possible prices for ready money. Mr. Jones’s long experience as a cash buyer in the leading markets of the day, and the facilities at his command for disposing of fresh goods only, with the care and despatch that have always been characteristic features of his system of operations, early resulted in the accession of a good and steadily-increasing custom, until in 1891 he found it imperative to rebuild his premises, and the property being his own, he erected the present substantial three-storeyed structure, which is built on Lord Tredegar’s estate, having a fine frontage of twenty feet, and an extension of one hundred feet to the rear. The ground floor is provided with a light and lofty show-window, always invitingly dressed with specimens of the good things to be obtained within, while the shop itself is admirably appointed throughout in the best modern style, and provided with an elevator for the rapid transaction of business. The large stock held is most methodically arranged, the heavier and more bulky goods below, and the lighter articles above. While general groceries, teas and coffees, Italian and Continental comestibles, canned and bottled wares are fully represented, the provision department proper is particularly noteworthy, a special feature being made of the supply of Welsh and Danish butters, received regularly from the best dairies. A full staff of civil and efficient assistants is retained to keep this large stock in the excellent order in which it is found, and to attend to the prompt delivery of orders. In every department of the business high-class quality is made a special feature to which the proprietor’s attention is especially directed, and this, coupled with popular prices, has undoubtedly been the means of establishing the widespread popularity and liberal public support which Mr. Jones now so deservedly enjoys.

ALEXANDRA DOCK HOTEL,
NEWPORT (MON.);
MR. A. THOMAS, PROPRIETOR.

OVERLOOKING and commanding a fine prospect of the Docks, this popular hotel was especially constructed some seventeen years ago to meet the demands of gentlemen engaged in the mercantile marine during their sojourn on shore. The hotel was organised by a Mr. John Griffith, who was succeeded by Mr. David Phillips, from whom the present proprietor acquired it some five and a half years ago. The hotel consists of a large and substantial three-storeyed building having an imposing main entrance, which leads through a spacious hall to a well-appointed private bar at the end, with a cosy smoking-room adjoining. In addition to handsomely-furnished dining, coffee, and sitting rooms, there is an excellent billiard saloon with a first-class full-sized table and all accessories complete, and a complement of ten large and lofty bed-chambers, scrupulously clean and wholesome, and essentially comfortable. All the sanitary arrangements of the place are in perfect accord with the latest and best improvements of the day, and the entire place wears an air of comfort which it would be difficult to enhance. A capital cuisine, first-class cellar, a moderate tariff of charges, and unexceptionable attendance all combine to make the “Alexandra Dock” one of the most largely patronised hotels amongst seafaring men, and it has long figured as the rendezvous for the Harbour Commissioners, who hold their periodical dinners here; and the sound judgment and practical knowledge of Mr. Thomas, the estimable proprietor, are strongly manifested in every effort that is made to sustain the house in its position of honour and high repute among the representative hostelries of the borough of Newport.

J. WILLIAMS, FINE ART REPOSITORY, PICTURE-FRAME MANUFACTURER,
1, TREDEGAR PLACE, NEWPORT.

THIS extensive business was commenced by the present proprietor, Mr. J. Williams, about fourteen years ago. The spacious premises occupied were just recently built especially to accommodate Mr. Williams’ business, and comprise, in addition to the usual workshops, &c., a splendid picture-gallery and large show-rooms. Among the stock are many choice oil paintings, watercolour paintings, etchings, engravings, &c., by some of the leading artists of to-day. Artists’ materials of all kinds are fully represented by easels, brushes, palettes, tube oils, paints, moist colours, canvas, pencils, crayons, palette knives &c. There are complete outfits for amateurs, and at very reasonable prices. Mr. Williams is the agent in the town for the celebrated firms of George Rowney & Co., Winsor & Newton, and Reeves. His stock is further increased by an elegant assortment of plaques for painting, in terra-cotta, wood, china, &c.; also tambourines. He is a large maker of the popular whitewood goods, such as fancy brackets, tables, &c., these being manufactured on the premises by special hands. The picture-framing department, which is one of the important features of the business, is also one of great interest. Mouldings of every kind are supplied including the white in its raw state, or elegantly gilded with the best of English gold, and highly burnished. The foreign mouldings are made up from the best material and with good taste to suit the various works of art. The stock in this department is constantly being augmented by all the latest and most fashionable designs. In the different sections there are many men busily employed. Mr. Williams has had a vast experience in the trade, and is one of the most practical carvers and gilders in South Wales. He has a good sound connection in the borough and district, which has been built up by his own merit, ability, and industry.

CHARLES PHILLIPS, BAKER, GROCER, PROVISION MERCHANT &C.,
16, BANESWELL ROAD, NEWPORT.

THIS business was established about forty years ago, by Mr. Hunter, who worked up a valuable connection. About ten years ago the concern was acquired by the present proprietor, Mr. Charles Phillips, under whose competent and attentive management it has extended on every side. The premises are commodious, and comprise an attractive double-fronted shop, with warehouse and bakehouse at the rear. The windows display a representative lot of groceries and provisions, the furnishings and fittings being of a superior character. Mr. Phillips is an industrious business man, and keeps himself well posted up as to the state of the markets. His purchases are made with experienced judgment, from the best importers and merchants. His goods are all of a high-class description, and both the grocery and the provision departments are singularly replete. He holds a very large assortment of tinned meats, fish, vegetables, soups, fruits, &c., of the best brands, and is noted for several excellent blends of tea. One of the leading features of the business is in bread-baking. The bakery is fitted up on the most approved principle, where several competent hands are employed in making pure and wholesome household bread. This portion of the business is both wholesale and retail, principally the latter. All the operations are carried out under the personal inspection of the proprietor, who by his straightforward dealings and genial disposition has won the respect and regard of the large and influential connection by which he is supported.

E. DAVIS, CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST,
29, COMMERCIAL STREET, NEWPORT (MON.).

IN the busy borough of Newport a position of distinction has for fully a quarter of a century been maintained by Mr. E. Davis, who has during the whole of his career catered conscientiously for the needs of a large and influential family and shipping connection. Mr. Davis’s premises occupy a commanding site in the principal commercial thoroughfare of the town; his spacious shop being elegantly appointed throughout in the best modern style, and very fully stocked with a complete selection of drugs and chemicals of ascertained purity and strength, all the most popular patent medicines, recognised pharmaceutical preparations and proprietary articles, choice toilet requisites and perfumery, medical and surgical appliances of every description, and the hundred and one items incidental to a first-class modern pharmacy. In the dispensing department Mr. Davis operates in every branch of practical pharmacy, devoting the most careful and competent attention to the accurate dispensing of physicians’ prescriptions, and the compounding of family recipes, the preparation of standard pills, powders, tinctures, infusions, decoctions, ointments, and the like, from the purest and freshest of ingredients; and the making up of a large variety of special family medicines. Special mention should be made of his Compound Essence of Seaweed as a specific for rheumatism and arthritic disorders, and of Batty’s Bronchial Balsam for the cure of coughs, colds, bronchitis, and throat affections generally, and lastly the fitting up of complete ships’ medicine-chests with the purest and beet of drugs, in English, French, German, Italian, Danish, Swedish, or in the Norwegian language as required. The business is conducted with exemplary energy and ability, upon a thoroughly sound basis of honourable mercantile principle, and all its affairs are administered in a manner that is well calculated to sustain it in the public favour it has so long and so worthily enjoyed.

ENOCH GRIFFITHS, GROCER AND PROVISION MERCHANT,
33 AND 39, HIGH STREET, NEWPORT.

THIS business was founded about thirty years ago by the present proprietor. In 1872 a removal was made to the handsome and commodious premises now occupied. The building is of three-storey elevation, the shop having a fine double front. The interior is fitted up in a pleasing and modern style, being well fixtured, and having roomy counters on each side. The productions and wares of many of the leading merchants and manufacturers are found here, both in the grocery and provision departments. The former department is replete with everything needful to a first-class family trade, and to one that devotes a large amount of attention to shipping. The provision department, too, is packed with goods of undeniable quality, including prime hams, bacon, cheese, lard, butter, &c. The best possible value is given in tea, coffee, and cocoa, close market prices being followed. The house is widely known for the excellency of its home-made bread. The bakery is at Marshes Road. At considerable expense the proprietor has introduced many of the most important modern hygienic improvements, with the result that pure and wholesome bread can always be depended upon. The ingredients used are of the best quality obtainable. There is a considerable branch establishment at Lower Cross Street, which is well stocked in a similar manner to the one already described. The connection is a far-reaching one, and is composed of a superior and substantial class. The proprietor, Mr. Enoch Griffiths, adopts as his motto, “The industrious man shall prosper, and nothing without labour.” He also fully acts up to it, for, by his enterprise, energy, and integrity, he has made for himself an honoured and respected name.

J. T. EDES, OLD CURIOSITY SHOP,
CLARENCE PLACE, NEWPORT.

THIS business is without doubt the most notable and only one of the kind in the district. The founder and present proprietor, Mr. J. T. Edes, originally commenced business in Birmingham, removing to Newport in 1884. The premises have the advantage of an excellent corner position. The building is of three-storey elevation, and covers a large ground space. On the ground floor is the commodious shop, which is fitted with two large windows. In these an effective display is made, and numerous articles are arranged on the outside. At the rear of the shop there are three or four show-rooms. The assortment seen in going through the shop and show-rooms is most comprehensive. The house is justly noted for several specialities. The most prominent of these are in old oak made up into cheffoniers, sideboards, hat-stands, corner cupboards, &c. There are also some elegant pieces of old china, which are, however, never allowed to remain long in stock, being eagerly bought up by private buyers. The exhibition of ivory goods is a most interesting one, some of the carving being rare and beautiful. There are also many genuine curiosities, both English and foreign. Mr. Edes buys and sells almost everything and anything. He holds a large stock of really useful and reliable household furniture at exceedingly moderate prices, both new and second-hand, and is also a large employer of labour for the manufacturing of dining and drawing room furniture by steam-power, which he supplies to the wholesale trade. Mr. Edes has had a lifelong experience in this particular business. He is a sound judge of genuine goods, and an expert in old china, antique furniture, &c. Patrons find him courteous and obliging, and strictly honourable in all his transactions.

RICKARD BROTHERS & CO., CYCLE, ENGINEERING, AND NICKEL-PLATING WORKS,
NEAR THE ATHLETIC GROUNDS, NEWPORT (MON.).

THIS firm commenced operations this, year, but its active members, Messrs. T. J., J., and A. A. Rickard, have such a thorough practical knowledge of the vehicles with which they are dealing that their establishment is already splendidly equipped, and forms a most convenient centre for the cyclists of Monmouthshire and the surrounding districts. The premises, which are situated directly Opposite the main entrance to the Athletic Grounds, have been built specially for the business of the firm. The spacious and well-appointed show-room forms a double-fronted shop, and contains an admirable assortment of the varied classes of cycles manufactured by the firms for which Messrs. Rickard & Co. are special agents. To the rear is a spacious workshop about one hundred feet in length where the industrial operations of the establishment are carried on. Adjoining the show-room is a conveniently arranged office, supplied with all the requisites for the transaction of the large commercial correspondence necessitated, by the numerous transactions of the house. The works are fitted up with all the mechanical appliances of the most improved modern type for the economy of time and labour. The machinery is driven by a “Premier” three horse-power engine. One portion of the work-room is occupied by benches, turning lathes, drilling machines, &c., while the remaining space is devoted to brazing, electro-plating, enamelling, &c.

The firm are already conducting an important business as cycle dealers and repairers, and they are about extending their sphere of operations by beginning to manufacture machines on a new and improved design. Even at the present moment, they are the only firm of cycle dealers in the district who do electro-plating work on the premises. Apart from cycle parts, they do a very extensive electro-plating business with hotel and restaurant proprietors, and have a very neat price-list containing all kinds of domestic articles. In addition to their cycle business Messrs. Rickard & Co. are rapidly forming a valuable connection as general engineers. They make a speciality of the fitting of all kinds of electrical appliances. Several highly skilled workmen are regularly employed in the repairing shops, and their number is frequently augmented during periods of pressure. This department is under the personal supervision of Mr. A. Rickard.

The firm are sole agents, so far as Monmouthshire is concerned, for such famous cycles as the “Referee,” the “Whitworth,” the “Wenham,” the “Brookes,” the “Buckingham and Adams,” the “ Belsize,” the “King of Scorchers,” &c., and also for the “Premier” gas-engines. The partners are enthusiasts in the matter of supplying their customers with precisely the kinds of bicycles and tricycles which are suitable for their special requirements. Mr. J. Rickard is specially well known amongst cyclists of note, being a racer of the first rank, who has won important prizes all over the country. The works of the Messrs. Rickard form a very valuable addition to the industries of Newport. The adjoining premises belong to Messrs. J. Rickard & Co., who carry on an extensive business as builder’s material merchants, and have heavy stocks of all kinds of timber, slates, pipes, chimney-pieces, grates, &c. The Mr. J. Rickard whose name heads the firm is the Mr. J. Rickard of the cycling firm.

BAKER & MANHIRE, DRAPERS AND MILLINERS,
40A, HIGH STREET, NEWPORT (MON.).

ANY record of the representative commercial and industrial institutions of Newport would be deficient without due reference to the important place filled by its leading providers of general and fancy drapery goods, and articles of attire for ladies and children, and in this connection mention must be made concerning the rise and progress of the house whose business operations furnish the subject of the present review. Projected about twenty years ago by Messrs. Baker & Manhire, the control of the business has, through the decease of Mr. Baker, reverted entirely to Mr. W. H. Manhire, as sole proprietor. The premises occupied are most eligibly situated, and present at all times a very attractive appearance. Within, all the appointments of the place are in the best modern style, and everywhere there are evidences of the care and attention bestowed by the proprietor in arranging for the reception, prompt service, and general convenience of his numerous patrons. The ground floor is divided into a series of departments, and in each instance a complete and carefully selected stock of first-class goods, strictly up to date, is held and displayed, the charges in all cases being based upon the lowest tariff consistent with equitable trading, and the ready-money system. Here may be seen all kinds of silks and satins, velvets, cashmeres, and dress fabrics generally, costumes and mantles, household linens, and Manchester heavy goods, ladies’ lingerie, children’s underwear, and baby-linen, hosiery, corsets, and gloves, from all the most noted makers of the day, millinery materials and trimmings, ribbons and laces, flowers, feathers, and fancy drapery goods of every kind, umbrellas, sunshades, and en-tout-cas, and haberdashery of the best makes exclusively. On the floor above are the dressmaking and millinery show and work rooms, in which illustrations of the best London and Parisian fashions may be seen, and hats, bonnets, and dresses made to order by skilled modistes and needlewomen on the premises. The attendance is furnished by a numerous staff of courteous and efficient assistants, and the entire business, under Mr. Manhire’s personal administration, is conducted in a manner which has secured the full confidence and liberal patronage of a very large, desirable, and still rapidly growing town and district connection.

JOHN ATKINS & SON, FAMILY GROCERS,
17, COMMERCIAL STREET, NEWPORT (MON.).

ADJOINING the Town Hall, in what is, perhaps, the most eligible locale for any high-class business in the borough of Newport, stands the well-known grocery depot of Messrs. John Atkins & Son, which is to-day accounted to be the leading family grocery in the town. This prosperous concern was projected some sixty years ago by a Mr. William Evans, in whose hands it remained for a period of forty-one years, to be thereafter promoted by the late Mr. John Atkins, latterly, in co-operation with his son, Mr. John William Atkins, who succeeded to the sole proprietary control upon the decease of his father, about two years ago, but still trades under the style and title designated above. Mr. Atkins’s lifelong experience in the trade, and his influence as a large buyer for cash in the leading markets of the day, enable him to offer the best value for money that can be had; and this is still further enhanced by the civility with which customers are served, and the care and promptitude with which all orders are filled and duly delivered. In addition to every conceivable article in the general grocery line, Italian wares, Continental comestibles, American canned goods, and table delicacies of the highest order, Indian and Colonial produce, and kindred commodities, Mr. Atkins always holds a heavy stock of prime provisions in the way of English and foreign cheeses, butters, lards, bacons, and hams; but his leading line par excellence is tea, and in this line his house has always enjoyed an unsurpassed reputation for its special blends, no effort being spared to suit the palates of customers. Their choice blend of fine teas, rich, rare, and mellow flavoured, is retailed at the astonishing price of 1s. 10d. per pound, while a really sound fine-flavoured tea can be had for 1s. 2d., and for quality, better teas could not be purchased, even in London. Under Mr. Atkins’s vigorous yet always judicious direction the business progresses both rapidly and substantially. The spacious premises are appointed throughout in the best modern style, and always wear a most inviting aspect, and everything is most methodically arranged to facilitate the rapid transaction of business, and provide for the general convenience of customers. The business in all its phases has attained a condition reflecting the greatest credit upon the personal ability and talent that promote its development.

TREHARNE HOWELL, DISPENSING AND MANUFACTURING CHEMIST,
THE WESTGATE PHARMACY, NEWPORT.

THIS highly important business, which was recently established by Mr. Howell, promises soon to obtain a foremost position in Newport. The premises are situate in the buildings of the Westgate Hotel. The shop is handsomely fronted, and the internal fittings and furnishings are on an elaborate scale, mahogany, show-cases, counters, &c., largely adding to the effect, and there are no finer business premises in the borough. Mr. Howell, who has had long and valuable London and provincial experience, and who is known as a clever and well-read man, selects his drugs and chemicals from houses of repute only. He holds a large stock, of the purest description, and which can be implicitly relied upon. Among the general and miscellaneous stocks there are choice perfumes, articles for the toilet, the nursery, and the sick-room, in addition to a comprehensive assortment of patent medicines. A speciality is made of the most improved surgical appliances, a large and varied stock of trusses being always kept on hand. Mr. Howell is the proprietor and manufacturer of several special and valuable preparations for various ailments, and for the toilet and bath, as well as for personal renovation and beautifying. Among these may be mentioned his French corn plasters, which have achieved a widespread reputation. He makes a great feature of the dispensing department, and makes up all kinds of physicians’ prescriptions and family recipes with the utmost accuracy, using the best ingredients only. He was formerly with Messrs. G. Jolley & Co., Mayfair, London. Being well known and highly respected in Newport, he is steadily forming a high-class and substantial connection among the commercial and private residents of the borough and district.

G. R. THOMPSON, F.C.S., ANALYTICAL CHEMIST,
57, DOCK STREET, NEWPORT.

Mr. George R. Thompson commenced to practise in Newport six years ago. During the time that has elapsed he has made a reputation second to none in the district for a thorough knowledge of his profession. The premises occupied are admirably adapted to the purposes to which they are applied. There is a suite of well furnished and appointed offices, general and private, and there is an excellent laboratory, fitted with every kind of modern apparatus and invention used in the profession including some very fine chemical balances. Analyses of every description are undertaken in iron ores, coal, water, petroleum, food, &c. Mr. Thompson makes a speciality of analysing iron ores and water, having made these his chief study and practice. He has formed an intimate connection with the proprietors of the iron and steel works and collieries of South Wales and Monmouthshire, and is frequently consulted in respect to special analyses. The great skill he has displayed whenever his services have been requisitioned has ensured for him a continuation of the excellent connection he has formed. He is also the Professor of Chemistry at the County Borough Technical Schools, and is consulting analyst to several important industries in the county, and undertakes inspections of petroleum-steamers coming to Bristol Channel for repairs as to freedom from explosive gases. Socially he is weir respected by the leading residents of Newport.

TREDEGAR ARMS HOTEL,
HIGH STREET, NEWPORT (MON.).
JOHN H. YOUNG, PROPRIETOR.

THE ancient building which stood on the present site dated back over two centuries, and records of its existence in 1685 may be still seen on the frontage of the present building. It was a famous house in the old posting days, when the stage-coach brought travellers who were on their journeys from the midland and western towns to Cardiff, Swansea, and other places in South Wales. In those days it had extensive coach-houses and stabling attached, and had a wide deputation as a comfortable resting-place where good refreshment could be found both for man and beast. The old building was replaced in 1878 by the present commodious premises, which have an extent of some fifty yards from the front to the rear. In the front portion are spacious vaults, and a very fine entrance-hall, well lighted from the roof, and containing some fine old carved oak seats, an ancient clock with Westminster chimes, and some fine old engravings of local interest, football teams, and sporting celebrities. The entrance-hall gives access on the ground floor to spacious and well-furnished coffee and dining rooms, large billiard-room, stock-room, offices, and commodious kitchens at the rear. On the first floor are comfortable bedrooms, bath-rooms, and private sitting-rooms, and there is ample accommodation for twenty-five guests, who may rely upon comfortable quarters, a good cuisine, fine old wines and spirits, and prompt and polite attention. An ordinary is given on Wednesdays and Saturdays, which receives a large patronage. The hotel was formerly in the hands of Mr. Hyndman, afterwards of Mr. Rosser, and came into the possession of Mr. Young about ten years ago. Mr. Young is a genial and popular host, more especially with all classes of sportsmen, and with farmers and landowners of the district, with? whom the Tredegar Arms is a favourite resort. He was one of the original members of the now celebrated Newport Football Club, and still acts as referee. He is also well known in the hunting field, and takes an active interest in all kinds of sport.

J. FOSLETT, PRACTICAL SMITH, BELLHANGER, PLUMBER, LOCKSMITH AND GAS, STEAM, HOT-WATER, AND VENTILATING ENGINEER, REPAIRS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION IN TOWN OR COUNTRY,
8, CHARLES STREET, NEWPORT (MON.).

IN the above multifarious branches of trade Mr. Foslett has been doing a considerable business since he first established himself at the above address, and he has built up and developed a very extensive and influential connection of the best class which continues to increase and expand with steady and progressive success. The premises comprise a roomy and substantial erection, which was rebuilt a few years ago with especial view to the purposes of the business by Mr. Foslett, who is himself the owner. There is a commodious shop, with an extensive range of workshops in the rear, furnished with a very complete plant. A very large stock is kept on hand, including gasfittings and globes, cooking and boiling stoves, baths, tanks, and all materials, hot-water and heating apparatus, lavatory fittings, &c., all of the latest and most approved patterns and designs. In addition to the various branches of mechanical industry mentioned above Mr. Foslett keeps steadily abreast of the times in all matters connected with electrical work, &c. He employs a large staff of steady and experienced workmen, and he is a thoroughly practical man who enjoys a very high reputation for sound and reliable work combined with the very best quality of materials only. Personally Mr. J. Foslett is very well known in the town and greatly respected by a large circle of friends and fellow townsmen.

G. E. COPP, BOOT AND SHOE MANUFACTURER,
19, COMMERCIAL ROAD, NEWPORT.

FOR half a century this business has held a most prominent position in the local boot and shoe trade. It was originally founded by Mr. McBean, who was succeeded by Mr. Henry Walters. Recently it was acquired by the present sole owner, Mr. G. E. Copp. The premises have lately been rebuilt, and are replete with every modern convenience. The shop has a handsome double front decorated in a superior manner. Internally the fittings and furnishings are of a high order, everything being neatly arranged. On every side is seen a thoroughly useful and practical stock, embracing every class of boots and shoes. Excellent English tanned leather largely predominates, and each article is made on the most approved and wear-resisting system. At the rear of the shop are the comfortable fitting-room and the work-rooms, the latter fully equipped and occupied by a staff of competent and experienced men. The proprietor purchases in the best Northampton and Leicester markets, holding splendid stocks of men’s, women’s, and children’s boots and shoes, in medium and best qualities. Very stylish goods of the superfine class for ladies are kept in French calf, kid, and Levant; there being also a splendid choice in men’s medium and strong boots, in machine-stitched, riveted, and standard make. Children’s boots, shoes, and slippers are largely represented. The speciality in the ready-made department is the favourite “Nobility” boot, for which Mr. Copp is the sole district agent. Seamen’s boots of every kind are on hand, special goods being supplied to order. In the bespoke department the highest class of work is turned out. The assistants thoroughly know their business, and the whole of the extensive arrangements are presided over in person by the proprietor, who has a thorough practical knowledge of all the details of the trade. The connection is a good steady family one, and Mr. Copp is recognised as a gentleman of ability and of sound integrity.

H. L. WILLIAMS, M.P.S., CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST, MINERAL WATER MANUFACTURER, &C.,
RODNEY WHARF, NEWPORT.

AS far back as 1862 Mr. Williams commenced business as a chemist, in Commercial Street. About fourteen years ago he relinquished this, and devoted his entire attention to the manufacture of mineral waters with great success. The commodious premises occupied comprise a substantial building of two-storey elevation, situate on the east side of the river Usk. No more complete arrangements for producing satisfactory results will be found in the locality. The plant is of the best description, and is capable of a large daily output. On the ground floor is the engine-house, containing a good “Otto” gas-engine, which drives the machinery in the adjoining room. Every facility is possessed for bottling and washing, there being a copious supply of pure water. On the upper floor is the laboratory, and here also are the store-rooms and stock-rooms. Mr. Williams, a qualified and skilful chemist, is most careful in the selection and preparation of the ingredients for the various beverages he manufactures. These are of high tone and quality, wholesome and invigorating, and most agreeable to the palate. The principal kinds made are lemonade, soda water, ginger beer, ginger ale, seltzer water, lithia water, potash water, Vichy water, &c. The place presents a scene of great activity, especially during the summer season, when a considerable staff is kept fully employed. The connection extends to all parts of the borough, and for a long distance round among an excellent class of customers.

H. J. HILL, TAILOR, WOOLLEN-DRAPER, AND HATTER,
WEST END HOUSE, CHEPSTOW ROAD, MAINDEE.

THIS thriving business was originally founded by Mr. Hill in the Chepstow Road some ten years or so ago, and since then he has from year to year steadily and progressively increased and developed the scope of his operations with satisfactory results. The premises comprise a handsome and substantial block of brick buildings, the shop being lighted by two good windows. The interior is fitted and appointed to meet the requirements of a large and high-class trade, and in the rear is a spacious cutting-room, while the extensive work-rooms are on the floors above. In the tailoring department an excellent selection of cloths is at all times on view, including all the newest shades, patterns, and designs in West of Englands, serges, tweeds, vicunas, superfines, &c. The trade is principally bespoke in character, and Mr. Hill has a first-rate reputation for style, cut, and fit, combined with durability of materials and superior workmanship. A speciality is made of athletic and cycling suits. In the hat department are shown all the latest and most fashionable shapes in silks and felts, and the hosiery branch is equally well provided with a first-rate assortment of shirts, collars, hosiery, underwears, gloves, and gentlemen’s outfitting goods generally of every description. Mr. Hill employs a number of hands, and he has also travellers covering the whole of the surrounding neighbourhood, where he has a very widespread connection. Mr. H. J. Hill is well known as a business man, and he is greatly esteemed and respected by all with whom he comes in contact.

THOMAS CORDEY, THE MONMOUTHSHIRE AND SOUTH WALES SUPPLY STORES,
HIGH STREET, NEWPORT.

THESE extensive stores originated in the year 1865 under the auspices of their present proprietor, and his enterprising administration has made them one of the most popular and successful emporiums in the county. The premises, rebuilt about six years ago, have a splendid situation, and form a very handsome and commodious four-storey stone block. This spacious establishment has been arranged and fitted up with great care and practical skill to meet the requirements of the business. In its entirety the establishment is unsurpassed in Newport as regards the perfection of its equipment and organisation, and the most satisfactory accommodation exists for all the departments, which include all descriptions of groceries, provisions, teas and coffees, -preserved goods, foreign and Colonial produce, oilmen’s sundries and household requisites generally, aerated waters, patent medicines, perfumes, toilet preparations, and druggists’ sundries; also leather goods, Japanese goods, stationery, and fancy wares. In each of these departments Mr. Cordey holds large stocks of the most reliable goods, and his monthly price list shows that everything is sold at the lowest cash prices consistent with sound quality and ordinary commercial security. Mr. Cordey has one of the largest retail and family trades in the district. Mr. Thomas Cordey employs upwards of forty efficient assistants, and his experienced buyers have a large knowledge of the markets connected with their several branches. All the operations of the business are conducted under the most favourable conditions, and receive the personal attention of the principal. He has built up his large and flourishing trade, as well as his own excellent reputation, by strict adherence to the most honourable methods, and as a public man Mr. Cordey has already amply justified the confidence of the ratepayers who elected him to the Town Council two years ago. Mr. Cordey is also a director of the South Wales and Monmouthshire Tobacco Company, a concern owning and producing the celebrated speciality, “Sunclad” tobacco. In both public life and commercial affairs, Mr. Cordey has won the respect of all sections of the community, and it is a matter of considerable regret to his fellow-townsmen that the heavy demands of his business and his close attention thereto have compelled him to decline many important public offices.

WALTER H. WILLIAMS, IMPORTER OF WINES AND SPIRITS,
HIGH STREET, NEWPORT (MON.).

ORIGINALLY organised in the year 1874, by its present able and energetic proprietor, at Skinner Street, the commercial development of the business became so rapid that by 1876 a transference was effected to the present eligible address. The premises, which were purchased by Mr. Williams in 1886, comprise a handsomely-appointed suite of offices, with large stores at the rear and on the first floor above, capacious well-constructed cellars, which extend beneath the premises as well as under the large tobacco factory adjoining, and are said to be the largest of their kind in the town, and bonded stores at No. 2, Burton’s Wharf, and 30, Ebenezer Terrace. The stock held is one of great variety and volume, and in addition to including all the best and most popular brands of wines, spirits, liqueurs, &c., embraces a goodly series of celebrated vintages, and old matured wines and blends of spirits, such as are sought for by connoisseurs. The trade controlled is entirely wholesale, and extends amongst private families, hotels, and other large consumers throughout the county, and in west and midland counties, and the entire business is conducted under the personal superintendence of Mr. Williams upon principles that are well calculated to promote the prosperity of the house, by strengthening its influential connections, and fully sustaining the confidence in which it has always been held throughout the trade.

PHILLIPS & CO., GENERAL DRAPERS, MILLINERS, AND OUTFITTERS,
142, 143, AND 144, COMMERCIAL ROAD, NEWPORT (MON.).

ESTABLISHED by its present able and enterprising proprietor, Mr. Phillips, under the style and title designated above, in the year 1883, this prosperous and comprehensive business early showed developing tendencies. Mr. Phillips accordingly, some three years since, purchased the premises adjoining his two fine shops in Commercial Road, and erected thereon a handsome stone-fronted building, which is No. 142, and was, in April, 1892, opened as his headquarters. A capital arcade entrance leads into this well-appointed emporium, which in a mean width of twenty feet stretches backwards, with neat pitch-pine fittings, for a distance of sixty-six feet, leading to a splendidly-mirrored apartment for millinery displays and fitting-on. Nos. 143 and 144 adjoining are both appointed in the best modern style, the first as a general drapery depot, and the other as a gentlemen’s outfitting department; -while the commodious basement beneath, which is excellently lighted, is utilised as a carpet and floorcloth warehouse, and is very heavily stocked with a choice series of tapestry, Kidderminster, Royal Axminster, Brussels, and other carpets and rugs, linoleums, floorcloths, matting, and the like.

Millinery has always formed a prominent feature of Mr. Phillips’s business, and his show-rooms are always replete with the latest London and Paris fashions in ladies’ hats, bonnets, and other articles in millinery. In the general drapery section the dress goods department is particularly rich, including the best and most fashionable textures, patterns, and shades, in silks, satins, velvets, plushes, &c., cashmeres and merinos; serviceable serges and tweeds; and the less plain though none the less useful prints and strong cotton fabrics; household linens, ladies’ lingerie, children’s underwear and baby linen, lace curtains, window hangings and door draperies; hosiery, gloves, and corsets by the leading makers of the day; umbrellas, parasols, and en-tout-cas; fancy drapery goods in the way of ribbons and laces, flowers and feathers, trimmings, gimps, and haberdashery of every conceivable kind are all duly well represented. In the outfitting department for gentlemen is a very large stock of fashionable hats, caps, &c.; shirts, ties, braces, belts, collars, handkerchiefs, a noticeable feature of this department being the hand-knitted Welsh hosiery, and specially-made goods for seamen’s hard wear. Altogether a staff of efficient assistants and milliners are employed, and the ready-money system being adopted, while under Mr. Phillips’s practical management a very large patronage has been secured, and promises to go on rapidly increasing in time to come.

MRS. R. CAPPELLA, FINE ART REPOSITORY,
125, STOW HILL, NEWPORT.

THIS notable business was established some forty years ago by the late proprietor, Mr. R. Cappella, and is now carried on by his widow, Mrs. Cappella, who continues to hold and increase the large and important connection. The original premises were in Commercial Street, but were afterwards transferred to the present fine site next to the Catholic Church. The fittings and furnishings are of a most superior description, and are in accordance with the goods and the superior and distinguished clientele. All kinds of novelties are shown in home and foreign jewellery, as pleasing in appearance as they are inexpensive in price. There are reliable spectacles and eyeglasses to suit all sights, and a most valuable assortment is held of field and opera glasses. Richly engraved electro-plated goods form a conspicuous portion of the stock, as does also the warranted cutlery. There are all the usual sets of mathematical instruments, either supplied in boxes or singly. Those in quest of articles for presentation purposes know that they have only to resort here to be suited from among the well-nigh endless selection of fancy goods, which are all of a superior order. There is also a good supply of fancy and general stationery. Repairs in all the above branches are carefully attended to. The special feature of the business consists of the extensive collection of Catholic literature and art. Mr. Cappella was one of the oldest and most respected of Newport’s tradesmen. By his courtesy and integrity he had long held the regard of all coming into contact with him either in business or social circles.

J. DAVIES, DEALER IN PIANOFORTES, AMERICAN ORGANS, &C.,
11, TREDEGAR PLACE, NEWPORT (MON.).

MR. DAVIES, who is quite a typical example of the successful business man of the best class, first laid the foundations of his busy and flourishing enterprise in the year 1873, when he commenced business in other premises in a very small way, but the rapid and continuous growth in the scope and extent of his operations compelled him to transfer his headquarters to a more central position about five years ago. In consequence of the rapid increase of business he has been compelled to rent a large warehouse at No. 1, Bridge Street, where there is always a fine stock of instruments on view. The interior fittings and appointments are conveniently arranged. A large and well-chosen stock is shown, comprising pianos of all the leading and most popular makers, among which are particularly noticeable the splendid instruments of Messrs. Challen & Son and Messrs. R. Allison & Sons, for both of which eminent firms Mr. Davies has been appointed special agent. He also deals with Brinsmead & Sons, Neumeyer, and other celebrated makers. In addition to the extensive show of pianofortes there is a fine selection of American organs and harmoniums from the factories of the leading manufacturers, as well as some splendid violins, and string and brass instruments of all kinds. In book and sheet music all the standard works and the latest productions of the best publishers are included, and the tuning and repairing departments are very busy and efficiently managed, Mr. Davies having a thorough practical knowledge of all branches of the trade, and employing none but the most skilled hands. Mr. J. Davies has a very large and influential connection in Newport and a wide area of the surrounding neighbourhood, and he is well known and generally esteemed and respected.

ABERGAVENNY.

THOMAS BATH, MINERAL WATER MANUFACTURER,
1, MARKET STREET, ABERGAVENNY.

THE above business is of very old standing in the trade, having been established in 1866, by Mr. Joseph Holmes, from whom it was acquired by the present sole proprietor, Mr. Thomas Bath, in 1881. The premises occupied by this gentleman are centrally situated at the top end of the Cattle Market, and comprise commodious manufactory, conveniently arranged for the several departments, and providing ample accommodation for the various processes of the trade. The works are replete with plant and machinery of the most modern and improved type, specially laid down by the eminent makers, Messrs. Heywood, Taylor & Co., of London, and with an admirable supply of the purest water the proprietor is enabled to produce in perfection the highest qualities of aerated beverages of a uniformly excellent standard. A widespread and influential connection has been established by Mr. Bath in all parts of the town and country districts, this gentleman supplying the principal hotel, restaurant and inn keepers in the locality, together with an extensive circle of the private residents. In addition to this branch of the business, Mr. Bath is also engaged during the season in catering for the supply of mineral waters, home-brewed ginger beer, &c., to the military camps and other outdoor gatherings in the district, specially favourable terms being quoted for this class of orders. Several well-appointed vehicles are daily engaged in the delivery of orders in the town and suburbs, and the services of a numerous staff of hands and salesmen are employed in the business, under the personal supervision of the principal, whose thoroughly practical knowledge of every branch of the industry fully qualifies him for the successful management of a concern of this important and deservedly prosperous character.

EDWIN FOSTER, ARCHITECT AND SURVEYOR
WOODSTOCK HOUSE, ABERGAVENNY.

MR. EDWIN FOSTER commenced practice some thirteen years ago in the town, and has since been identified with many of the new public and private buildings and street improvements which now form prominent features in the greatly improved appearance of our leading thoroughfares. Mr. Foster’s offices are situated at Woodstock House, providing every convenience for the operations of the business in its clerical and other departments. Amongst the principal achievements of this gentleman's professional skill may be indicated the designs for the extension of the local workhouse, the new establishment erected for Messrs. Hampton, Limited, Abergavenny, the fine works of Messrs. Sergeant Brothers, the great improvements at the lower end of Frogmore Street, Market Street, and Cross Street, the substantial block of buildings in Beaufort Street, Brynmawr, designed in ornate style as business establishments, and many of the principal private residences lately erected in the vicinity. Mr. Foster is widely known in local circles as taking an active interest in all questions affecting the good government of the town, having for some nine years past occupied a seat on the Board of Commissioners, and for more than thirty years as a member of the Burial Board, and secretary of the Abergavenny British Schools, has rendered efficient service to all classes of his fellow ratepayers and the general public in the district. Mr. Foster is greatly esteemed both in professional and social circles, his marked abilities and conspicuous business capacity having secured for him the confidence of a widespread and influential clientele.

TUCKER BROTHERS, LIMITED, MILLERS, CORN, SEED, AND MANURE MERCHANTS, AND DEALERS IN HORTICULTURAL SUNDRIES,
FROG MORE AND LION STREETS, ABERGAVENNY.

THIS old-established and representative firm dates its history from the year 1844, when the large business now so successfully carried on at Abergavenny and Crickhowell was founded at the former place by Mr. Edwin Tucker. That gentleman was afterwards joined by his brother, Mr. Thomas Tucker, the title of Tucker Brothers being then adopted. Mr. Edwin Tucker died in 1875. He was for many years chairman of the Improvement Commissioners of Abergavenny, and took a very active interest in the welfare of the town. In Septsmber, 1891, the business of Messrs. Tucker Brothers was converted into a limited liability company of a private character, since which it has shown signs of continuous increase. The premises at Abergavenny are very extensive, and comprise a fine double-fronted shop in Frogmore Street, well appointed, and affording every convenience for the general transaction of business. Connected with the shop are general and private offices, and extending to the rear are the corn-mills, facing upon Lion Street. These form a very handsome block of buildings, erected specially for the trade, and fitted throughout with the most effective machinery and appliances, the enterprise of the firm having prompted them to adopt every modern device calculated to improve and expedite production in this important branch of their business. The equipment of the mills is at once complete and thoroughly efficient, the whole of the three storeys of the buildings being filled with the different items of a large plant, systematically arranged; and the result of all this thorough organisation is a very extensive output of flour of first-class quality. On the opposite side of the road is a splendidly appointed machine-bread factory recently erected by the firm as a further development of their comprehensive trade. Here all kinds of bread are made by the aid of the most ingenious appliances, whereby the use of the hand is dispensed with in kneading the dough.

As seed merchants Messrs. Tucker Brothers, Limited, hold very large and varied stocks of seeds, carefully selected from the most reliable sources of supply. They make a special feature of agricultural seeds, and the care and attention they have devoted to the selection and improvement of their clovers, grasses, and other farm seeds have secured for them a large and increasing trade in this department. Messrs. Tucker Brothers’ clovers and grasses are famous in agricultural circles, and they are also noted for mangold, turnip, swede, field carrot, parsnip, mustard, rape, sheeps’ parsley, lucerne, and seed potatoes. In the horticultural department they specialise choice kitchen garden and flower seeds, and invite attention to their selected collections of vegetable seeds at from five shillings to three guineas, and of flower seeds at from half a crown to thirty shillings, these collections including only such varieties as can be highly recommended. Messrs. Tucker Brothers, Limited, are agents for Lawe’s celebrated chemical manures, which have an international reputation. They also supply special manures of their own, together with such commodities as basic phosphate, Peruvian Government guano, bones, nitrate of soda, and agricultural salt. Other specialities of this noted house embrace a wide range of horticultural sundries, and their list includes such well-known articles as “Down’s Farmer’s Friend” for preventing smut in whet, McDougall’s Sheep Dip, Maggot Lotion, and Disinfecting Powder, Long's Specific, Tucker’s Condiment, the leading brands of cattle foods, linseed and cotton cake, dog biscuits, poultry and pheasant foods, &c. In all these lines of goods extensive stocks are held, and a very large and widespread trade is controlled, the connection being a valuable one in all parts of South Wales.

Messrs. Tucker Brothers, Limited, have a Branch in High Street, Crickhowell, and have a large import warehouse at Gloucester Wharf, Newport (Mon.), and have also taken over the business of Mr. J. R. Jacob, High Street, Newport. Their representatives attend at Hereford, Brecon, Hay, Monmouth, Pontypool, and Usk on market and fair days.

J. CLARE & SON, WATCH AND CLOCK MAKERS, GOLDSMITHS, JEWELLERS AND OPTICIANS; PHOTOGRAPHERS AND DEALERS IN FISHING TACKLE,
6, HIGH STREET, ABERGAVENNY.

THIS comprehensive business was organised solely as a watchmaking concern in the year 1837 by a Mr. Golding, having been taken over by Mr. J. Clare in 1872, and expanded to combine the photographic and the fishing-tackle departments in the same premises. Mr. Clare recently admitted his son, Mr. H. Clare, as a partner, and the business has since been conducted under the above title. The premises occupied comprise a spacious double-fronted emporium, located in the principal commercial thoroughfare of the town, handsomely appointed throughout in the best modern style, to hold and effectively display a particularly varied and valuable selection of gold and silver watches and chains, gold and gem jewellery, plate of every description in gold, silver, and electro-ware, clocks and bronzes, &c. In addition to spectacles, eyeglasses, opera and field glasses, and opticians’ goods generally, old gold and silver is taken in exchange or purchased, and all kinds of repairs are executed by expert craftsmen. The depot, moreover, contains a representative stock of all the best makes in fishing-rods and lines, hooks, flies tied to any pattern, waders’ and anglers’ requisites of every kind; and as a committeeman of the local Fishing Association Mr. Clare is always able to afford lovers of the “gentle craft” trustworthy information concerning the condition of the fertile trout and salmon waters of the River Usk.

An elegantly appointed reception-room leads from the emporium to the photographic studio at the rear, and here, with the assistance of competent artists, Mr. Clare and his son operate in every branch of modern photography, which range in portraits from cartes-de-visite to life-size pictures, finished, if desired, in oils or water-colours by artists of merit; and the large and liberal patronage enjoyed by the firm in every department of their triple business stands as ample evidence of the fact that their efforts have not failed to meet with deserved appreciation and support.

J. G. THOMAS, PRACTICAL BUILDER, GENERAL CONTRACTOR, &C., STEAM SAW-MILLS, AND JOINERY WORKS,
LION STREET, ABERGAVENNY.

THIS well-known business has been in existence some twenty-two years, having been founded originally by the present sole proprietor. In the efficiency of its resources and the value of its connection, the house stands second to no similar establishments in the district. Ample and commodious premises are occupied, covering an area of something like half an acre. They include a compact suite of offices, show-room, workshops, and spacious yard. The workshops are well arranged and equipped with some of the latest and most improved plant and machinery in the shape of circular and band saws, mortar-mill, and moulding, planing, and turning lathes, the motive power being supplied by a first-class twenty horsepower engine, the production of the well-known firm of George Davis, of King Street. The show-room is well fitted up, and contains a large collection of improved sanitary requisites, and glass and plumbing goods. It needs only a glance round the fully stocked yards to convince the observer that a business of more than ordinary magnitude is being conducted here, and when it is known that employment is found for a force of one hundred hands in the various departments, it will be seen that the inference is perfectly justifiable. Every class of work is undertaken in connection with the trade, from the largest contracts to the smallest jobbing work.

All contracts Mr. Thomas takes in hand are carried out in a thoroughly satisfactory way. The best material can always be relied upon, as well as thoroughly sound work. Extensive stocks are held of British and foreign timber and building materials of every description, slates, tiles, and crests, drain-pipes, terra-cotta ware, Minton tiles and mantelpieces in marble and enamelled slate. A valuable business is controlled in the manufacture of windows, sashes, door frames, and prepared joinery, and neither in price nor in the excellence of material and finish of this class of goods can the house be surpassed. A special line is made of fittings for churches, chapels, clubs, and offices, while shop fronts and interiors are turned out in a superior style and supplied at prices which cannot be duplicated elsewhere. Among the many noteworthy buildings in the district erected by Mr. Thomas may be mentioned Trinity Church, Bethany Chapel, and the extension of St. Mary’s Church, Birmingham and District Bank, and many other principal buildings and mansions. The worthy proprietor of this flourishing business also owns large quarries at Govilon, and he represents the Imperial Union Accident Company. The connection of the house extends throughout Abergavenny and for many miles round, and, being based on thoroughly reliable work and fair prices, its permanence and increase may be confidently looked forward to. Mr. Thomas is pre-eminently a practical man, and his close personal attention is bestowed upon everything placed in his hands. In his dealings he commands the respect of all who have business relations with him. He is well known in business circles, and no less in the public life of the locality, having sat as an Improvements Commissioner for some six years, been a member of the Burial Board, and filled other public offices with credit.

THE ANGEL FAMILY AND COMMERCIAL HOTEL AND POSTING HOUSE,
ABERGAVENNY.
JOHN PRICHARD, PROPRIETOR

ORGANISED about three decades ago this deservedly popular hostelry has for the past twelve years been in the hands of its present proprietor, Mr. John Prichard, who is recognised as one of the most able and successful caterers in the Principality. The Angel Hotel is admirably situated for guests, either on pleasure or on business bent. It is well furnished throughout in the best modern style, the fine drawing-room on the first floor being sumptuously furnished and decorated in ebony and gold; while the ballroom, an apartment of noble proportions, is provided with a balcony for the band, a large reception-room, and three or four ante-rooms. Lovers of indoor games have the use of a capital billiard saloon, with one of Messrs. Burroughes & Watts’, Limited, full-sized tables, while guests desirous of exercising the “gentle sport” can have good salmon and trout fishing on the River Usk, Mr. Prichard having sufficient private water for seven rods, which are placed at the disposal of visitors. There is sleeping accommodation of the very best for thirty guests; the sanitary arrangements of the place are perfect, the heating being effected by means of high-pressure hot-water pipes, and everything being done that can ensure the comfort and convenience of patrons. The commercial-room is replete and an excellent cellar and kitchen is maintained. Attached to the hotel is the posting department of stables and coach-houses, with eight looseboxes, and fifty stalls for horses, and from his splendidly kept service visitors or even large picnic and other parties can be speedily accommodated with hacks, hunters, and vehicles, with reliable drivers and grooms, at moderate charges. The attendance is thorough and efficient in every detail, a staff of twenty civil and competent servants being maintained in the various departments. Moderate charges characterise the tariff of the house in all respects. The Angel Hotel is the headquarters of the Abergavenny Golf Club, president, Lord Llangattock. The links are one and a half mile from the town, with an eighteen-hole course three miles in length. The annual subscription is two guineas, no entrance fee. Visitors can obtain tickets for five shillings per week.

CHARLES TUCKER & SON, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL WINE, SPIRIT, ALE, AND PORTER MERCHANTS,
49, CROSS STREET, AND BONDED STORES, MARKET AND TOWN HALL, ABERGAVENNY.

THERE are few firms, either in Abergavenny or elsewhere, that can point to an unbroken record of a century and a quarter during which they have enjoyed the appreciative support of the public. Such a distinction can, however, be claimed by Messrs. Charles Tucker & Son. The business is the oldest of its kind in the district, operations having been originally commenced in 1775 by Mr. Bellamy, in whose family it continued until 1875, when it was taken over by Mr. Charles Tucker, a man of large experience in the trade. Some four years ago he took his son, Mr. Charles E. Tucker, into partnership, these two gentlemen being now the sole proprietors. The premises utilised are ample in size, and adequate in convenience of arrangement. They include an extensive block of stone building prominently located at the corner of Cross Street and Monk Street, and having entrances in each thoroughfare. The retail department faces into Cross Street, and is well adapted to the business carried on. The wholesale branch, is in Monk Street, and comprises spacious sales-room, sample- room, and a compact suite of offices. The cellaring is of very large proportions, the accommodation of the house in this direction being unequalled in the district, and the firm hold a very large bonded stock at their stores under the market. As exponents of the branch of business in which they are engaged, the firm have always on hand extensive and well-selected supplies of the most noted vintages, including rich crusted port, pale and golden sherry, Cliquot’s, Moet’s, Mumm’s, and Giesler’s champagnes, and claret and hock of various kinds, as well as splendid supplies of brandy, whisky, rum, and a fine selection of foreign liqueurs and English cordials.

Messrs. Tucker & Son are large importers of wines and spirits, which, being always obtained from the best and most reliable sources of supply, can always be depended upon to be of uniform and superior excellence. The firm are also agents for the Lorne whisky and for Stewart’s well-known whisky, Cream of the Barley; also the noted Canadian whisky, as well as for the celebrated Alton Court Brewery, Bass’s and Salt’s ales, and Guinness’s stout. Of these ales and stouts large stocks are held, and families are supplied in bottles or in 4-and-a-half, 9, 18, and 36-gallon casks at the most reasonable prices. A department at the rear of the main building has been fitted up with bottling and other machinery of the latest kind, and the firm are largely occupied in manufacturing aerated waters of various kinds. Messrs. Tucker & Son are also local representatives of the London and Norwich Insurance Company, and the Phoenix Fire Office. All orders entrusted to the firm are promptly and carefully filled, the long and honourable career of the house being an ample guarantee for the superior excellence of everything handled. A valuable and influential connection has been established, extending throughout Abergavenny and the district, and stretching as far as Worcester and Malvern, travellers being kept constantly on the road. A staff of from ten to fifteen hands are employed in meeting the ever-increasing demand. The firm occupy a prominent position in the trade, of which they are deservedly recognised as the local representatives. The senior partner of the firm is a well-known and prominent figure in the local life of the district. He has honourably filled many important public offices, and is esteemed for his public spirit and business habits.

EVANS HARRISON, ATHENAEUM LIBRARY AND STATIONERY STORES,
13, CROSS STREET, ABERGAVENNY.

THIS business, one of the most notable of the kind in the neighbourhood, dates its foundation back two centuries, and has always been characterised by its usefulness and reliability. Coming to more recent owners, the business was for over a quarter of a century conducted by Messrs. Seargeant Brothers, the present proprietor, Mr. Evans Harrison, obtaining possession about a year ago. The premises occupied are extensive, and meet admirably the requirements of the calling. The fine interior is appointed in the best manner, glass show-cases being arranged to advantage, while all the fixturing is on a satisfactory scale. Mr. Harrison has during his tenure introduced into the district many acceptable and useful novelties, included among which is a circulating library (in connection with Mudies’), and which contains a splendid collection of readable literature. The stationery department, commercial, general, and artistic, literally teems with useful novelties, including a large variety of boxed notepaper and envelopes, in the newest shapes, colours, and materials. There are many elegant novelties in these, forming acceptable but inexpensive presents. A feature is made of relief stamping in gold or coloured relief, chaste and original designs being produced at reasonable charges. There are elegantly bound books for school prizes and general presentation purposes, these being procured on the day of publication. Parcels are received from London daily, bringing the leading newspapers, books, and magazines, these being regularly supplied to order. Artistic effects are produced in wedding stationery, also in ball programmes, dinner, menu, and calling cards. Invitations to lawn tennis, garden fetes, dinners, evening parties, &c., are stamped with crest or address, in gold, silver, or colours. There are also chaste designs in memorial and condolence cards. Books are bound to any pattern, and magazines are bound in the cloth cases supplied by the publishers. Like all other departments, the prices are remarkably reasonable. Mr. Harrison is agent for the extra thick carpet felt for underlaying carpets, floor-cloth, &c., and which effects an enormous saving. There is a good selection of photographic views, and a miscellaneous collection of useful sundries. Competent hands are kept for making picture-frames from a fine selection of moulding in stock. Several assistants are employed, in the shop and in the warehouses which are at the rear, the whole being carried on under the personal supervision of the proprietor, who is accorded the liberal patronage of the elite of the town and neighbourhood. Mr.. Harrison, a sterling man of business, courteous and obliging, is highly respected for the strict integrity that characterises all his transactions.

SAMUEL H. FACEY & SON, IMPORTERS OF FOREIGN WINES AND SPIRITS, BREWERS AND MALTSTERS,
ABERGAVENNY.

ORIGINALLY established some thirty years ago by Mr. Samuel H. Facey, and developed by him with conspicuous energy and ability, the business has become a leading one of its kind in the county, and is every year growing in importance. Operations were commenced in Cross Street, and transferred in May, 1892, to the present commodious premises situate in Market Street. The founder has recently taken his son into. partnership, the principals of the firm being now Mr. Samuel H. Facey and Mr. Frank Henry Facey. A reputation has been secured for the general uniform excellence of everything handled by the firm, as well as for the straightforward manner in which all customers are treated. The present premises have been specially built for the trade. The main building consists of a handsome block of stone building, containing a well-appointed suite of offices, sample-rooms, show-rooms, and sale-rooms. At the rear is a compact brewery, fitted with plant and machinery on the tower principle. The latter has been laid down by an eminent London firm, and is much admired by all interested in brewing operations. The capacity is that of six quarters, and a force of ten practical men, under experienced superintendence, is kept constantly employed. Malting is made a special feature of the business, and the firm have two malthouses, one in Lion Street, and the other in Mill Street. The materials used in the brewing are of the finest quality, and calculated to produce beer of the highest excellence; the water is of a superior and admirably suitable kind, and the extreme order and cleanliness of the entire works reflect the highest credit on the management.

The beverages produced are well known in the district, and everywhere recognised as possessing fine, sparkling, and palatable qualities. They are increasing in popularity and appreciation among the best class of customers. A good business is being done in Bass’s bottled ales and Guinness’s stout. Messrs. Facey & Son are also largely occupied as importers of wines and spirits, their supplies being in all cases carefully selected from the best sources, and offered at such prices as cannot fail to give entire satisfaction. Messrs. Facey & Son are also the proprietors of the Abergavenny Bonded stores, which occupy a considerable area in the basement of the General Market Buildings. Extensive stocks are held at present, some 50,000 gallons of wines and spirits of various ages, and orders of any magnitude can be promptly filled. The connection is large and influential, extending to a radius of many miles round Abergavenny, and travellers are kept constantly out on the road. The proprietors are men of experience, business habits, and perseverance. The success they have achieved they have fairly earned by always supplying a first-class article at reasonable prices, and by their creditable methods of business. The senior partner of the firm has long been prominently connected with the public life of the town, and for over twelve years has been one of the local Improvement Commissioners.

MORGAN & EVANS, FAMILY GROCERS, ITALIAN WAREHOUSEMEN, TALLOW CHANDLERS, AND ALE AND PORTER, WINE, AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS,
5, CROSS STREET, ABERGAVENNY.

ORIGINALLY organised, and for fully half a century vigorously carried on, by the late Mr. Joseph Meredith, this representative grocery store has since the year 1881 been promoted under the able auspices of Mr. L. J. Morgan and Mr, H. C. Evans in association, trading under the style and title designated above. The premises occupied are, in every point of character and situation, precisely adapted to the requirements of a very brisk and essentially superior class of trade. They comprise a spacious double-fronted depot, handsomely appointed throughout in the best modern style, and methodically arranged to hold and effectively display a complete and comprehensive stock of exclusively superior goods, the large reserve for which is held in the commodious warehouses at the rear and the capacious cellars below. At the rear of these premises Messrs. Morgan & Evans have an extensive steam candle factory. The stock is a thoroughly representative one, and includes every conceivable article coming under the headings of general groceries, comestibles, and table delicacies, prime provisions, Bass’s ales, and Guinness’s stouts, and Gilbey’s wines, spirits, and liqueurs. In each instance the goods are guaranteed to be in perfect condition, being bought in the freshest state from the best markets of the day, both at home and abroad, and being sold at the lowest possible prices consistent with equitable trading. Indeed, Messrs. Morgan & Evans confidently invite comparison, and, for the quality of their goods, claim that they will bear favourable comparison with any store prices quoted either by London or provincial houses, and these facts, coupled with their splendid system of business organisation, courteous attention to orders, and their prompt and free delivery throughout the town and for many miles around, has doubtless been the means of securing for the house a firmly-established and widespread patronage.

S. MORGAN RICHARDS, TIMBER MERCHANT AND IMPORTER OF SLATES,
ABERGAVENNY.

THIS well-known and substantial business is one of the oldest in Abergavenny, having been founded in 1800 by Mr. Thomas Richards, the grandfather of the present proprietor, who has but recently succeeded to it. The premises occupied are amongst the most interesting buildings in Abergavenny. They were in ancient times a part of the old priory. The premises are well adapted to modern business requirements. There is a large warehouse for drying timber, an extensive shed for the storage of slates, tiles, &c., and in the rear a joiners’ shop. The stock, which is a large and varied one, includes timber of all descriptions, both English and foreign, scantlings, slates, tiles, White Brothers’ cement, &c.

EAMES & SON, PRACTICAL TAILORS, LADIES’ COSTUMIERS, HOSIERS, HATTERS, &C.,
9, CROSS STREET, ABERGAVENNY.

AMONG the principal houses engaged in the work of providing wearing apparel and in the higher branches of tailoring at Abergavenny, it is interesting to meet with one of such old standing and reputation as the one which furnishes the subject of the present notice. Organised as far back as the year 1851 by the late Mr. Samuel Eames, the development of the concern was so successful that scarcely ten years had elapsed before it was found necessary to transfer she business to its present more convenient and commodious quarters. In 1869 Mr. Eames was joined in partnership by his son, Mr. William Richard Eames, who; in 1882 succeeded upon the decease of his father to the sole control of the concern. The premises occupied comprise a commodious shop, arranged to hold and effectively display a complete and comprehensive selection of fashionably-made suits and garments for gentlemen and boys, hats and caps by all the leading makers of the day, the best of hosiery, and outfitting items of every description. In the bespoke department the cutting and work rooms are located on the first floor, and are presided over by Mr. Eames, a carefully selected stock of all the most fashionable of the season's fabrics being always held in stock. Gentlemen’s attire for all occasions, together with special suits and outfits for riding, driving, shooting, touring, ladies’ costumes, habits, and jackets, liveries and uniforms, are all included in Mr. Eames’s productions, and in every instance these garments are made with the utmost care, and are turned out with style, fit, good taste, and finished workmanship.

PONTYPOOL.

W. & G. C. WOOD, DISPENSING CHEMISTS,
1, CRANE STREET, PONTYPOOL.

THIS business bears the distinction of being the oldest of the kind in the neighbourhood, having been established for about a century. It was originated by Mr. Bulte, and carried on by him up to 1825, when it passed into the hands of Mr. Thomas Williams. This gentleman conducted it up to 1840, when it was acquired by the present senior partner, Mr. William Wood, who four years ago was joined by his nephew, Mr. G. C. Wood. The original premises were situate opposite to those now occupied, the removal having been made about forty-eight years ago. The site now occupied is an excellent one, being at the bottom of Crane Street, the shop has a double front, and the interior is well fitted with mahogany cases, shelvings, &c. In the rear is the dispensing department. The partners are justly renowned for the purity of the drugs and chemicals they retail, these being purchased from the very best quarters. They hold a valuable miscellaneous stock, which may be said to include everything found in a first-class chemist’s establishment. Fancy goods are liberally represented by choice perfumery, toilet requisites, brushes, soaps, &c. There is also an excellent selection of patent medicines. The firm are dealers in all kinds of the best mineral waters, including Schweppe’s, and they are agents for Horniman’s teas, Lipton’s teas, United Kingdom tea.

Messrs. Wood devote much attention to the dispensing department, making up all kinds of physicians’ prescriptions and family recipes with the greatest accuracy and expedition. This is personally performed or entrusted to competent assistants. The partners are the proprietors and manufacturers of several highly important remedies, which have attained to a large sale. Among these are the Alkaline Aromatic Tooth Paste, Menthol and Carbolic Tooth Paste, Baking Powder, Culinary Seasoning for cooking, Sarsaparilla Compound, Chemical Food, Quinine and Iron Tonic, Cholera and Diarrhoea Mixture. An agreeable and refreshing drink combined with a slight aperient is provided in the “Effervescing Saline,” which is confidently recommended. An excellent remedy for colds, coughs, bronchitis, &c., is offered in the Balsam of Lobelia. Messrs. Wood are also well known manufacturers of horse and cattle medicines, which are invaluable to farmers. The best known will be found in the following list:- Embrocation for horses and cattle, Foot-rot Application, diuretic, Condition, and alterative horse powders, gripe mixture, physic, diuretic, and all other horse balls, styptic tincture, inflammation drenches, cleansing, tonic, and sweet drenches, blistering ointment, green ointment, &c. They also deal largely in Cooper’s sheep dip and wheat dressing, and in Williams’s and McDougall’s “Dip Compo,” and blue stone for wheat dressing. The firm command an influential and far-reaching clientele, who, for their skill, integrity, and courtesy, hold them in deserved respect and esteem.

DAVIES & SANDBROOK, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL FURNISHING AND GENERAL IRONMONGERS,
CRANE STREET, PONTYPOOL.

THIS actively conducted business was founded in 1832, by Mr. Charles Davies, and during the sixty years which have elapsed, so high is the reputation always maintained that its connection has steadily increased, and the list of its regular customers has long extended beyond the limits of Monmouthshire. Mr. Charles Davies, the founder of the firm, was, after a time, joined in partnership by Mr. Edwards, and its style became Davies & Edwards. In 1865 the concern was taken over by Mr. Davies, the son of its originator, in conjunction with Mr. Sandbrook, when the firm assumed the title which it still retains. Mr. Davies retired in 1881, and the business as well as the premises are now the sole property of Mr. William Sandbrook, who has been connected with the firm as servant and master for thirty-two years. The premises are very extensive, and with the extensions which have recently been made, are admirably adapted to the numerous and varied requirements of the business. They comprise two spacious shops, with, in each case, three floors above, and ample display windows. One of the shops is devoted to the display of household furniture of the most varied descriptions, and the other is replete with every conceivable kind of ironmongery goods. On the first floor is a long and well- appointed series of show-rooms, while in the spacious store-rooms on the second and third floors are heavy surplus stocks. In the roomy yard, again, is a large warehouse in which bulky goods are stored. In the rear is a large forge, and smiths’ shops adjoining, together with a nail shop. These out-premises afford ample space, and are provided with the most modern of labour-saving appliances for the several processes of metal manufacture which are carried on. The oil-house, whose name sufficiently describes its use, is large, and has been erected specially with a view to the absolutely safe keeping of its contents. Similar descriptions apply with equal truth to the substantially constructed powder and benzoline magazine. Commodious stabling for the three or four horses regularly employed in the delivery of goods to the firm’s customers is provided in close proximity to the works.

The stock is very extensive, comprising furniture of all kinds, amongst which are found excellent drawing, dining, and bed room suites in first-class timber. The ironmongery department includes everything required for domestic uses, for building purposes, and for every conceivable requirement where ironmongery and cognate appliances can be of service. Most of the goods are made on the premises by thoroughly efficient experts in their several departments, many of whom have been trained by the firm. Estimates are given for all kinds of ironwork; and hot-water apparatus for heating public buildings, conservatories, &c., is fixed on the most approved modern principles. Mr. Sandbrook has been successful in heating country mansions, where London and Liverpool engineers had failed. He employs many hands, and has some very old servants on the staff who have been with the firm since its establishment. He is personally well known, and is much respected in Monmouthshire and the neighbouring counties. Mr. Sandbrook, notwithstanding the number and importance of his business obligations, occupies the onerous position of chairman of the Pontypool Local Board. He was returned unopposed as a county councillor for Pontypool.

THE CLARENCE HOTEL,
PONTYPOOL.
PROPRIETOR, MR. H. BUNTING.

FOR over a century the Clarence Hotel at Pontypool has kept up its reputation as a first-rate hostelry. Since it came into the hands of Mr. Bunting, some seven years ago, such important structural and other improvements have been made that the house now ranks as one of the leading hotels in the county. It has a commanding frontage, with an ample porch, and extends a long way to the rear. The private office is provided with all the appliances for conducting the financial business of the establishment, and the adjoining bar is agreeably suggestive of the presence of all sorts of creature comforts. The commercial-room and the coffee-room are both models of what such apartments should be. Perfect neatness and exceptional spaciousness, especially in the matter of height, are the characteristics of the bedrooms, which afford accommodation for some fifteen to twenty gentlemen. The Clarence is specially organised in all its external and internal arrangements for the wants of the “ambassadors of commerce.” Omnibuses meet all the trains at the three railway stations; an admirable table d'hote is served every day; and a spacious stock-room is available for the housing of bulky baggage and the display of samples. The billiard-room is fitted up with tables and all other necessary appliances of the best and most modern description, and the lighting of the room by day and by night is excellent. Ample grounds surrounding the hotel form a spacious pleasaunce. Stabling and lock-up coach-houses are at the disposal of travellers who are riding or driving, and Mr. Bunting conducts a large business in posting. The Clarence Hotel is, in fact, a most desirable temporary home in every respect, and all its comforts and privileges can be enjoyed at a very moderate cost. Its cellars and their contents are famous far and wide, and Mr. Bunting has a large and valuable connection throughout the district as a wine and spirit merchant. He has a specially high reputation for the condition of his large stocks of Burton, mild, and India pale ales, which he supplies on draught and in bottle. Equally excellent is the varied assortment of fine foreign cigars which he is constantly maturing. Mr. Bunting is well known throughout the whole district of which Pontypool is the centre, and his noted integrity and liberality, qualities which characterise all his business transactions, have rendered him very popular.

JAMES GUNN, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL BREWER, AND WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANT,
PONTYPOOL BREWERY, PONTYPOOL.

THIS is a very old-established concern, having been originally founded about sixty years ago. The business was in the hands of Mr. Lills some twenty-five years ago, and was taken over in 1873 by Mr. Neath, who continued the direction of affairs until 1890, when the brewery was taken over by the present owner and sole proprietor, Mr. James Gunn. The premises are very compact and well arranged. The plant is of the capacity of two quarters, and is admirable in its working, producing beers of very fine quality, brewed from nothing but pure malt and hops. The trade is both wholesale and retail in character, and the Pontypool Brewery is warmly and cordially supported by a valuable and influential connection of old standing in the district, to whom casks of all sizes are supplied as may be required, also wines and spirits of the very best quality. An efficient staff is employed, and the business is under the direct supervision of the proprietor, who is a very capable and energetic business man and a brewer of considerable scientific and technical attainments. Mr. Gunn is very well known in the local commercial community, and is regarded with the greatest confidence and respect.

THOMAS WILLIAMS, COAL, SLATE, AND TIMBER MERCHANT,
TROSNANT WHARF, PONTYPOOL.

MR. WILLIAMS first laid the foundations of his busy and thriving operations over thirty years ago. He does a very large trade in coal, bricks, paving-stone, slates, tiles, laths, crests, terra-cotta chimney-tops, London and Portland cement, sanitary pipes of every description, and all kinds of building materials generally, as well as timber, hay, and straw. In these various trades he fills a leading and representative place in local circles, and does a very considerable business which he has from the first steadily and progressively developed and increased in scope and extent with the most highly satisfactory results. The premises occupied are of considerable area, and comprise a spacious yard with conveniently-arranged office, &c. Mr. Williams is also the occupier of the Lower Park Terrace Red Ash Coal Yard, in Pontypool. At both places a very large stock is kept of the various articles for the supply of which he is so well known, and the requirements of a very widespread and influential connection can at all times be executed with the greatest promptitude. Mr. Williams is not only a substantial and prosperous business man, but also a prominent figure in public affairs, acting as clerk of the Panteg Local Board, an office he has held for twenty-eight years, and being also a member of the Pontypool Local Board and of the Trevethin School Board. In all these offices he is very active and energetic, rendering services which have gained for him the appreciative respect and esteem of all classes of the community. Mr. Williams has lately taken his son, Mr. James Williams, into partnership, whose able assistance has been a great help in this successful business for some time past.

W. H. HASKINS, MUSICAL-INSTRUMENT MERCHANT,
COMMERCIAL STREET, PONTYPOOL.

THIS most energetically conducted business was established by the proprietor in 1866, and during the quarter of a century which has elapsed since then the reputation of the house has grown throughout an ever-widening circle. The premises in Commercial Street include a shop, which has been admirably adapted to the requirements of the trade, the fittings, which are appropriately handsome, having been specially made to accommodate the varied stock. The fine double frontage of the shop forms one of the most attractive features in Commercial Street, and, with its ample display-windows, serves to exhibit a representative assortment of the firm’s specialities. The demands upon the resources of the establishment in regard to space have recently been increasing in such a ratio that it has been found necessary to erect a large show-room to the rear of the shop for the better display of the large stocks of instruments which are always held. Adjoining this warehouse is a spacious workshop, which is provided with all the necessary mechanical appliances, of modern device, for the repairing of pianos and other instruments.

Mr. Haskins’s stock is the largest and most comprehensive in the district, and comprises pianofortes, American organs, harmoniums, violins, cornets, banjos, melodeons, concertinas, together with strings, fittings, and accessories of every kind. Mr. Haskins, as a pianoforte merchant, has the great advantage of being the agent, so far as the Pontypool district is concerned, for the world-famed firms of Messrs. J. Broadwood & Son, Messrs. Kirkman & Son; and sole agent for Messrs. J. & J. Hopkinson, the only English pianoforte makers who were awarded gold medals at the Inventions Exhibition in 1885. He is also the representative of Messrs. Mason & Hamlin, who at the same exhibition obtained the only gold medal for American organs, and also agent for the Bridgeport Organ Company, For certain specialities in pianofortes — notably those which he supplies at nineteen and at thirty guineas — the former he justly claims to be the cheapest good piano in the world, being of seven octaves, trichord, check action, beautifully figured walnut wood, solid panel, elegantly engraved in gold, and warranted for ten years. For thirty guineas he supplies a drawing-room upright iron grand piano, combining every modern improvement. In addition to the instruments of the eminent firms already mentioned, Mr. Haskins keeps representative stocks of pianos by Messrs. Bechstein, Ibach & Sohn, and others.

Large quantities of classical and popular sheet music are kept in stock, which are constantly being supplemented by all the latest compositions. Several highly skilled and experienced assistants are regularly employed as repairers and tuners. The whole of this extensive business has been excellently organised by Mr. Haskins, whose connection is now a most valuable and substantial property. He is himself well known throughout the community, and is held in high, respect, both in his professional and his social capacity. He is the organist of Trevethin parish church, and honorary examiner to the Royal College of Music for the district. During the last sixteen or seventeen years he has been an active and leading member of the Local Board of Pontypool.

ALFRED H. BABBIDGE, FASHIONABLE TAILOR,
GEORGE STREET, PONTYPOOL.

THIS leading business was established by the present proprietor, Mr. Babbidge, at the above address, about five years ago. The shop has an attractive-looking single front, a neat and refined display being made in the window. Both the fittings and furnishings of the interior suggest a superior trade being cultivated, this impression being confirmed by an inspection of the fine stock of cloths, which are the productions of the most notable manufacturers. There are the latest patterns and colours in Scotch and English tweeds, West of Englands, serges, worsteads, superfines, and special overcoatings. The well-equipped work-rooms are on the top floor. In addition to all kinds of suits for business and ordinary wear, Mr. Babbidge makes leading features of civil, military, and clerical outfits, ladies’ jackets and mantles, and liveries. These are made in the highest style of the tailor’s art, the cutting out being done on the most approved scientific system, whereby a perfect and stylish fit is ensured. Mr. Babbidge is, in fact, an artist in dress, and his patrons receive from him many valuable hints, which are given in a gentlemanly and unostentatious manner. Courtesy, thoroughness, and integrity, combined with great ability and reasonable charges, are the predominating features of this excellent enterprise, which is meeting with that due measure of support and appreciation called for by sterling merit. There are some twelve hands constantly employed, this number being considerably augmented during the busy season. Mr. Babbidge is the agent for “Thrnmley’s” celebrated shirts.

J. G. HEDGES, AUCTIONEER, VALUER, HOUSE AND ESTATE AGENT,
BANK CHAMBERS, PONTYPOOL.

THE business of auctioneer and valuer is well represented in Pontypool by Mr. J. G. Hedges, of Bnk Chambers. It was established about six years ago by the present proprietor, who was formerly in business at Abersychan, and has been successful in its operations since the commencement. The firm occupy commodious offices in the well-known Bank Chambers which are very centrally situated near the Crown Hotel. Sales by auction of every description of property, chiefly furniture, are undertaken in town or country; also valuations for probate, bankruptcy, and transfer. A special department is the sale and valuation of every kind of drapery stocks, in which Mr. Hedges has had considerable experience, and a thorough knowledge of the goods and their value. Another very important feature is the settlement of accounts for furniture sales within twenty-four hours of the close of the sale, which is guaranteed in all cases. Other branches of the business include the assessment of fire losses, collection of rents and debts, and the management of estates and house properties. Mr. Hedges is agent for the London Guarantee and Accident Company, Limited, the Patriotic Fire and Life Assurance Company, the Rock Life Assurance Company, the National Provincial Plate-glass Insurance Company, Limited, &c. He is well known and respected in Pontypool and district for his commercial ability and the prompt carrying out of all business entrusted to him by a numerous circle of patrons.
The registered address is the “Pontypool Auction, Estate, and Insurance Offices.”
Telegraphic address: “Hedges Pontypool.”

DAVID J. LOUGHER, MINING AND CIVIL ENGINEER, ESTATE AGENT AND SURVEYOR,
BANK CHAMBERS, PONTYPOOL.

IN professional and commercial circles throughout the busy district of Pontypool there are few names so widely known and so generally held in the highest respect as that of Mr. David J. Lougher, of Bank Chambers, Pontypool, whose services are in great request in connection with all matters of mining and civil engineering, estate agency, surveying and architectural work. The valuable and extensive practice was first established by him about four years ago, in the offices now occupied, a handsome suite of first-floor rooms located in the beautiful block of buildings known as Bank Chambers, and situated advantageously in a very central and convenient position for business purposes. These offices, which have only been recently erected, are in every way suitably fitted and appointed, and the telegraphic address of the business is “Lougher, Pontypool.” Mr. David J. Lougher has had a very extensive experience in the engineering profession, especially in connection with mining affairs, and he is also an authority on surveying, while he is specially well known as being engineer to various local boards in the district. He has also an excellent connection as an estate agent, while he is personally universally esteemed and respected by all who have the advantage of his friendship and acquaintance.

BRISTOL.

THE special interest which attaches to our great seaport towns, by reason of the important parts they have one and all played in establishing and maintaining our national maritime supremacy, is particularly marked in the case of the City of Bristol — the ancient and wealthy metropolis of the West Country. To Bristol belongs the special distinction of being equally interesting in both its historic and its mercantile aspects. How wonderful has been its record in each instance, and how prominently has it always figured in English history and English trade! Some of the most thrilling events in the story of West Country life have transpired in or around this busy mart of the Avon, and many of the boldest and most effective commercial enterprises in which the skill and capital of early English merchants have been embarked, were planned and carried into operation here. Nor has any very marked change come over the life of Bristol in these modern times, save that its undertakings are upon a vastly larger scale, and its influence as a seat of trade and industry and a centre of vigorous social and political vitality has increased proportionately.

The Bristol of history we instinctively associate with certain old-time reminiscences about which there is a well-defined flavour of romance, and as we walk through some of the city’s quaint old streets to-day, or stand in the shadow of its storied cathedral church, there flits across our mental vision a long panorama of stirring scenes — a dream of Roman warriors and Norman knights, of potential ecclesiastics and scheming barons, of kings and princes, Cavaliers and Roundheads, merchants and mariners, and bold venturers on unknown ocean highways, who have carried the flag of England at their mastheads into the ports of every land under the sun. We think of the ambitious but politic Henry “Curtmantle,” first of the long line of England’s Plantagenet kings, signing his earliest charter to the burgesses of Bristol, and indicating thereby the importance of this ancient city even as far back as the middle of the twelfth century. We imagine valiant Sebastian Cabot setting sail from Bristol on that eventful day in 1497 when he began the westward voyage that gave to Britain her oldest colony. We conjure up in the mind’s eye a long array of distinguished Bristolians, famous in art and letters and science; nor do we forget the munificence of those old-time citizens who, out of the treasures of their good fortune, bequeathed to the city and its people for all time a system of charitable institutions of which any community might be justly proud.

Erom every point of view, at all periods of her history, and in every sphere of her comprehensive civic, social, and commercial life, Bristol presents to the thoughtful mind a subject of infinite interest and fascination; and even in the stress and turmoil of this modern age the great, busy city, with its thousands of toilers, its huge warehouses and factories, its railways and telegraphs, and its river-harbour full of shipping of every conceivable type and description, still retains a certain antique charm, and still reminds us at every turn of a past record, the glories of which are not to be readily dimmed even by all the prosperity and advancement of the present.

At the same time a large and ungrudging meed of praise is due to the powerful spirit of progress and enterprise that has kept Bristol “abreast of the times,” and brought the ancient city into line with every new requirement of modern affairs. In many respects the progress thus achieved has been very remarkable, and has shown conclusively that the old Western energy still lives in the hearts of a people who have ever been among the foremost to step out and onward in the march of improvement. Many new and handsome buildings appear in the streets from year to year, and these, contrasting with the ancient edifices that still remain, impart to the place that agreeable variety of structural aspect that is so often lacking in our great mercantile and manufacturing towns. Well governed by public-spirited men who have the general interest and welfare of the city at heart, and possessing a wealth of local institutions whose tendency is all in the direction of advancement, Bristol stands as a fine type of a thriving British community, with a great past, a prosperous present, and a promising future. Immense and increasing activity is manifested in numerous trades and industries of a most important character; and the improvements carried out in late years in the harbour and dock accommodation and arrangements have attracted a large amount of shipping to the port. Bristol has splendid railway facilities, too, and this fact has not escaped the notice of shippers and importers. The industries of the city and district are in a flourishing condition, and the range of articles and commodities turned out of the local works and factories is a remarkably wide one. Cocoa and chemicals, soap and sugar, shot and snuff, tobacco and turnery, beer, boots and shoes, clothing and cables, anchors and pottery, engines and machinery, leather and calico, ironwares, flour, carriages, and paper — these and a multitude of other widely diverse products are found in the output of Bristol’s busy industries, and in every instance the manufacturers of the city and district maintain an honourable reputation for the excellence of their wares. “Virtute et Industria” is truly an appropriate motto for such a place as Bristol, for by virtue great undertakings are promoted, and by industry they are carried to the successful issue that has so conspicuously crowned the various enterprises of our “Western Metropolis.”

The importance of the commercial and industrial interests centred in Bristol and Clifton may be gauged from a perusal of the following articles, in which we have endeavoured to review concisely and accurately the operations of many of the city’s best-known business firms.

REPRESENTATIVES OF COMMERCE

JOHN CORDEUX & SONS, GENERAL DRAPERS, SILK MERCERS, COSTUME MANUFACTURERS, COMPLETE HOUSE FURNISHERS,
NEXT THE POST OFFICE, REGENT STREET, AND MERCHANT’S ROAD, VICTORIA SQUARE, CLIFTON.

AS society in Clifton is, in the test sense of the phrase, cosmopolitan rather than provincial, so is the magnificent establishment of Messrs. John Cordeux & Sons thoroughly typical of the cultured cosmopolitanism of Clifton. The personal knowledge of men and of cities which is displayed in a typical after-dinner talk in a high-class Clifton mansion is not more remarkable in its range than the manner in which all the world has been laid under tribute to furnish forth the lordly treasure-house which the enlightened enterprise of the Messrs. Cordeux has constructed. That enterprise has unquestionably developed with the growth of Clifton itself. Starting some thirty years ago with one small shop, containing a seven-foot counter, the premises have grown into the architecturally magnificent industrial palace which now exists, the splendid area of ground floor alone covering about twenty-five thousand nine hundred square feet. The premises of the firm, which are probably not surpassed for magnitude, as they are scarcely equalled for sumptuous display out of London, include no less than forty-five distinctly defined departments, each of which represents in the amplest manner possible the classes of goods to which it is devoted.

The building extends from Merchant’s Road to Regent Street, and offers, by the courtesy of the proprietors, convenient access for visitors from Bristol, Cotham, and Redland to the Clifton Post Office and postal telegraph department, adjoining the Regent Street entrance. A tour of inspection through the numerous departments of the Messrs. Cordeux’s grand establishment is like a visit to one of the most gorgeous bazaars in the Orient, combined with a degree of comfort and a uniformity of elegant surroundings which are distinctly Western, and for which one would look in vain in Constantinople or Cairo or Calcutta. Agencies in every part of the globe contribute to the lavish but withal systematically arranged display of laces, ribbons, gloves, hosiery, dress materials, silks, furs, mantles, costumes, cretonnes, ladies’ outfitting, embroidery, porcelain, art furniture, carpets, and toys without number, which are supplied by France, Germany, Austria, Italy, America, India, China, Japan, and a score of other distant lands.

The principal entrance to the premises is in Regent Street, where, beneath an imposing facade, in a highly decorative style of architecture, are fine shops, with lofty show-windows of plate-glass, each of which, with its tastefully arranged display of novelties in textile fabrics, forms a centre of popular attraction. Glancing at the leading departments, all of which are housed in nobly proportioned and elaborately appointed chambers, attention may be directed to the Manchester and household linen departments, where will be found a crowded stock of goods suitable for the interior furnishing of hotels, colleges, and public and private institutions. Buyers are constantly visiting the leading manufacturing centres, and purchasing the most reliable makes of goods adapted to the requirements of the firm’s growing trade. In this portion of the establishment will also be found the art needlework and Berlin wool departments, in which a large business is carried on. The numerous orders received daily by post from far and near speak for the importance which ladies attach to the certainty of obtaining the goods they require without delay from this vast stock.

An arched entrance leads from the above-mentioned departments to the dress material, British and foreign silk, washing fabric, umbrella, sunshade, and travelling-rug departments, all of which are well stocked with the latest high-class novelties, such as are always in demand at a fashionable resort like Clifton. A second archway now conducts the visitor to the fancy drapery departments, which provide for their many patrons an unfailing supply of useful and fascinating articles, such as lace of every description, gloves, hosiery, dress trimmings, haberdashery, ribbons, flowers, feathers, and a host of other dainties which help to complete the adjuncts of a lady’s toilette. A third arched entrance gives access to the quarters where one may find everything in the shape of ladies’ caps, headdresses, and made-up lace of every description, a rich profusion of fashionable novelties being always on view in these departments. Ascending the arched corridor we come to a splendid show-room, one hundred feet long by seventy feet wide, and notice upon entering this noble saloon a grand display of ladies’ and children’s underclothing, the greater part of which is manufactured by Messrs. Cordeux & Sons’ own staff of skilled workpeople. Here will be found goods suitable for every climate, and Messrs. Cordeux not infrequently supply very elaborate and costly trousseaux and outfits to distinguished customers at home and abroad. The corset department is replete with all the leading specialities and patents, as advertised in the various journals devoted to the service of fashion. Layettes and baby-linen are also special features, and every requisite in this connection is always at hand.

Continuing our course of inspection, we next come upon the millinery and straw departments, where during the season the latest Parisian modes and novelties are attractively exhibited. After this the department for mantles, coats, and waterproofs claims our attention, and here the firm show a very complete and representative stock, comprising exhaustive selections from the newest productions of the home and foreign markets. The requirements of elderly ladies in garments of this class are very carefully studied. This brings us to the costume, tea-gown, and dressing-gown department, where the new fashions are all admirably exemplified, and where ladies will find a wide variety of charming garments, ready for immediate wear, at extremely moderate prices. These are exhibited in a magnificent central apartment, with a gracefully arched roof, supported by eight columns, and supplemented by ladies’ fitting-rooms, arranged in a style of elegant luxury.

Beyond this is the English and foreign fancy goods department, to which the special attention of visitors is invited. It contains one of the largest and most comprehensive collections’ to be seen out of London, of novelties and specialities in fancy leather, plush and wood goods, such as writing-cases and despatch-cases in great variety of form, ladies’ and children’s work-cases, fitted and unfitted bags of every size, ladies’ and gentlemen’s dressing-cases, jewel-cases, cash-boxes, inkstands, stationery cabinets, &c., besides purses to suit every possible requirement. A most striking stand in this department is devoted to travelling requisites, and Messrs, Cordeux can certainly show an unsurpassed range of ladies’ dress baskets, overland and visiting trunks in the newest shapes, bonnet-boxes, holdalls, Scarborough and Chicago trunks in great variety. As direct importers of Japanese lacquer and bronze goods, Benares trays, Swiss, wood brackets of all kinds, and other artistic wares of a like nature, Messrs. Cordeux make a splendid display of such articles, and they are agents for the well-known and beautiful Cloisonne art ware for painting. Baskets and wicker goods of every shape and form are also laid out for inspection, and all manner of toilet requisites, perfumery, brushes, combs, &c., are largely stocked, and sold at the lowest “stores” prices. The stand set apart for stationery is always attractive, with the latest novelties in paper and envelopes: and here may be seen a profusion of elegant designs in photographic frames and screens. A notable speciality of the firm is their “Bee” clock, which they import by the thousand from America, and sell at the remarkably low price of 2s. 11-and-a-half d. Messrs. Cordeux have always been noted for their unique and exquisite collection of toys and games, and ladies and gentlemen looking out for the latest novelties for their young friends in this department will be sure to obtain them on application to this enterprising firm.

We now reach the china, glass, and earthenware department, a great feature of the business, and stocked to repletion with the best English and foreign manufactures, embracing the choice productions of Messrs. Mintons, Copeland, Doulton, and the Worcester and other noted makes of ceramic wares. Here also are choice examples of Limoges, Dresden, Vienna and Coburg china, Hungarian and other faience, best English and foreign table and fancy glass, artistic china ornaments, and the beautiful wares of China and Japan, together with various Chinese and Japanese “curios” of a most interesting character. These are displayed in the Merchant’s Road range of shops, where there is a frontage of seventy-nine feet. Above this extensive run of ground floor are, on the Merchant’s Road side, the well-ventilated and spacious work-rooms and manufacturing premises, where the goods are made up under the supervision of experienced artists who have had a thorough training in leading Paris and London West-End establishments, and who are gifted with exceptional taste. There is space in the dressmaking work-rooms alone for the accommodation of no less than four hundred hands.

A new building has recently been erected for the carpet and furniture departments, which, being situated at the junction of Regent Street and Merchant’s Road, occupies a fine commanding position. The architecture is correspondingly bold, and the building is very spacious and commodious, having an ample range of show-windows in which a very handsome display of goods is made, affording a capital idea of the extent and character of the stock. The contents of this department are of great value, and the selection of goods is most comprehensive, including all kinds of linoleums, floor canvases, oilcloths, and carpets of the best quality and manufacture. The stock of the latter goods is the largest and most thoroughly representative in the city, and is made up of such descriptions as Kidderminster, Brussels, Turkish, and Persian. Then there are the Daghestan, Moorish, Khurd, Scinde, and Koula rug varieties, the beautiful designs and rich colours of which, together with their lasting wear, cause them to be held in high estimation. In the furnishing department an enormous quantity is displayed, and a much larger reserve stock is held. It includes kitchen, hall, dining, drawing, and bed room suites, in all kinds of woods and in many designs.

As regards the general stock of furs, dress goods, fancy goods, &c., the firm holds the finest and choicest in the city. The work turned out in these departments is in no sense inferior to that produced by the most eminent London and Parisian houses. There is a well-fitted tea-room for ladies, where light refreshments can be procured at reasonable prices. The premises throughout are heated by hot-water pipes. With leading English and Continental manufacturers Messrs. John Cordeux & Sons are in direct and constant communication. They are constantly, therefore, receiving large consignments of the newest and most attractive goods as soon as they are placed upon the markets, either in the English or the French capitals. The intimate and extensive relations of the firm with the principal sources of supply enable them to offer to their customers special advantages on the score of prices. While, therefore, Messrs. Cordeux & Sons are always able to satisfy the requirements of the most exigent of their cultured customers, all classes of the community readily avail themselves of the opportunities for saving money which are afforded by this gigantic establishment, which stands before the public as a substantial monument and testimony to the marvellous powers of organisation and administration possessed by the principals reminding the visitor who knows anything of the economic history of the West of England that the Messrs. Cordeux were amongst the leaders rather than the followers of the great aesthetic revival which, during the last two or three decades, has agreeably transformed the aspect of our domestic interiors.

The latest addition to this stupendous pile of buildings is the new dressmaking room recently completed, and forming the elevation on the Merchant’s Road premises over the previous workrooms which, we understand, the Messrs. Cordeux were compelled to erect in order to keep pace with the growing requirements resulting from their introduction of modern dressmaking at popular prices. Some idea of the dimensions of this new room can be formed when we state it is one hundred and seven feet long, thirty-seven feet wide, twenty-five feet high, with ample working accommodation for four hundred hands. The room is lighted and ventilated by means of forty-three windows, and heated throughout with hot water, gas power being used for driving the machines, which avoids all steam — indispensable to manual labour, and affords capabilities for the execution of three times the amount of work. A Parisian tailor and eleven fitters of recognised taste and ability are employed under the personal supervision of the firm; and the utmost care is taken that all work shall be executed and finished in the best possible manner, a perfect fit and latest style at all times guaranteed. We understand the room in question is one of the best arranged for its purpose in the West of England, combining working facilities, health, and comfort to a degree hitherto unattained; and it will not be out of place to state that ladies who have inspected this hive of industry have expressed their entire approval of the thoroughness with which Messrs. Cordeux have carried out all the details necessary for the comfort of the workers and the due execution of all orders. It may be well to state the increasing trade taxes their energies to the utmost; and to keep pace with the influx of orders day by day, they were compelled to employ power machinery, whereby orders might be executed without delay which, under the old system, was utterly impossible.

In addition to the above we would intimate there are several other manufacturing industries carried on which necessitate many separate work-rooms for their various operations, the first being for ladies’ home and export outfitting and juvenile clothing, the second for millinery, the third for headdresses, caps, and neck arrangements; the fourth for carpets, upholstery, and bedding. Each of these rooms is under the control of a competent head, with full staff of workers, who are continually designing and producing specialities for display in their respective departments.

Postal and telegraph departments. In these days of rapid communication and transit it will be obvious to all that the interior working, or, in other words, the business transacted by means of letters and telegrams, is of enormous magnitude, almost every post bringing with it quantities of orders from all quarters. With their efficient staff and perfect system all orders are executed with the greatest promptitude. Under the new Indian and Colonial postal arrangements parcels can be forwarded to all parts without risk to customers. Mourning and urgent orders can be executed and despatched within twelve hours, and on receipt of letter or telegram an experienced fitter will travel (no matter the distance) with full assortment of goods at the same reasonable prices as if purchased at their Clifton establishment.
Telephone No. 595. Telegrams: “Cordeux Sons, Clifton.”

J. S. FRY & SONS, CHOCOLATE AND COCOA MANUFACTURERS,
OFFICES: UNION STREET; WORKS: UNION STREET, NELSON STREET, AND QUAY STREET, BRISTOL.
TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESSES: “Fry, Bristol,” AND “Fry, Son, London.”
BRANCHES: LONDON, AND SYDNEY, N.S.W.

The manufacture of cocoa and chocolate — undoubtedly one of the most interesting and most important of modern British industries — has long found a home at Bristol, and has here been brought to a state of the highest possible perfection by a system of scientific research and commercial enterprise of which the great firm of Messrs. J. S. Fry & Sons have been not only the pioneers but also the chief promoters. The great value now attached to cocoa by the medical fraternity, its virtues as an article of diet, its richness and delicacy of flavour when used as a confection in the form of chocolate, have brought it into almost universal favour, and one of the most remarkable things in our national trade during the past forty or fifty years has been the growth of our dealings in cocoa, and the greatly increased consumption of this article in our own country.

In 1849 the imports of cocoa into England (chiefly from the West Indies and Guiana) amounted to 1,989,477 lbs. During the next six years they rose to 7,343,458 lbs. In 1870 the figures reached 14,793,950 lbs.; and in 1887 no less than 27,352,568 lbs. were imported. The quantity consumed in the United Kingdom has increased at the surprising rate of over thirty per cent, during the last six years. In the work of meeting the enormous demand thus indicated, Bristol, as the headquarters of Messrs. Fry’s vast business, plays a pre-eminent part. It is not a little curious that the modern development of the “Metropolis of the West” has been in a considerable measure concurrent with the progress of the famous house here under notice, and it is appropriately consistent with this fact that the huge blocks of buildings within which the manifold operations of Messrs. Fry’s trade are carried on still maintain an acknowledged supremacy in magnitude among the many great industrial establishments of this busy city.

Messrs. J. S. Fry & Sons’ business was first founded as far back as the year 1728 by the great-grandfather of the present head of the firm, and although cocoa is supposed to have been introduced into this country soon after the discovery of Mexico, there is probably little doubt that it first began to appeal to the taste of the general public under the auspices of the name of Fry. The founder of the firm first began his manufacturing operations in close proximity to the ancient church of St. Bartholomew in Bristol. The church still stands, but what a transformation has taken place in its surroundings in obedience to Messrs. Fry’s demands for “more room.” Indeed, the quaint old church itself has been absorbed in the continued expansion of the works, and a recent writer asserts that the old county gaol has been annexed for the firm’s stables and timber stores. Wonderful views of the historic city may be obtained from various vantage points in the many-storeyed edifices of Messrs. J. S. Fry & Sons in this interesting neighbourhood, and that well-known writer, Mr. Joseph Hatton, has drawn one or two neat little pen pictures of sights to be seen by the visitor to these gigantic works. He has also graphically described the methods of cocoa and chocolate manufacture pursued in these, the oldest and largest works of the kind in the Kingdom. Messrs. Fry’s works have on many occasions claimed the attention of writers who have recognised in them not only a magnificent development of industrial force and organisation, but also an epitome of all that is comprised in the cocoa trade of England at the present day.

Manifold and intricate are the processes through which the luscious bean of the Theobroma cacao, or cocoa-tree, passes from the time of its first arrival at these works to the hour in which it finally attains to real domestic dignity and worth under the well-known label of “Fry’s Pure Concentrated Cocoa,” or takes the form of delectable chocolate “creams,” “drops” and “bonbons,” delightful to every lover of the most delicious sweetmeat man’s ingenuity has yet devised. Years of study and research, untiring energy, abundant perseverance, vast expenditure of money, and untold wealth of enterprise and practical resource are all represented in this venerable and stupendous business, which stands to-day such a wonderful monument to the splendid personal qualities that have influenced and controlled its development from that first modest beginning, inaugurated a hundred and sixty-five years ago.

It is somewhat surprising to reflect that Messrs. Fry’s business is much older than many of the great inventions and devices we are nowadays accustomed to associate with industrial progress, not merely as useful helps, but as indispensable concomitants. When its foundations were laid, the telegraph, the telephone, the railway, the steamship were all silently arrayed in the ranks of “the great unexpected,” biding their time to astonish the world. In 1728 James Watt was unborn, and the mighty possibilities of the steam engine, as he brought them to light nearly forty years later, were all unknown. One is inclined to wonder, after inspecting Messrs. Fry’s works at the present day, how the originators of the firm managed to get on without the power of steam. But get on they certainly did, and their successors have amply made up for any deficiency under which they laboured in this important respect. To-day the engines and rollers at Messrs. Fry’s works present a marvellous sight. Among them stands a veritable patriarch tracing its descent from the very early periods of the steam age. This is a huge old beam-engine which is regarded as an honoured and faithful servant by the firm, and which is still in perfectly fit and powerful condition to perform its allotted task, though, of course, the works in their present form call for the added energy of many other gigantic motors of more modern type. The River Frome runs underneath Messrs. Fry’s works, and supplies the water for steam-raising purposes.

Not only do Messrs. Fry make all manner of cocoa and chocolate for eating and drinking, but they also manufacture the various incidentals for packing, their goods for the home and foreign markets, and have a box-making department at Wapping, and a fancy-box factory in Quay Street. Architecturally speaking, all the buildings now associated with Messrs. Fry’s business are ornaments to the city, and have been constructed throughout upon the most, approved modern principles. The sanitary arrangements are perfect, and the scrupulous cleanliness and good order prevailing in every part of the works produce a most favourable impression upon the visitor. The firm employ more than two thousand men, women, boys, and girls in various capacities, and the consideration they bestow upon the moral and material welfare of their staff is highly commendable. Special arrangements are made for cooking in the factories, so that the workpeople can have their meals on the premises. One of the notable features of the works also is a large and handsome lecture-room. Here twice a week a night school is held, once for boys and once for girls, the teachers being provided at Messrs. Fry’s expense. Every morning at nine o’clock one of the seniors of the firm attends in the lecture-room and reads a chapter in the Bible. Animated, no doubt, by the interest their employers evince in their welfare, the staff display a very creditable esprit de corps in all matters, and the spirit of philanthropy is at work among them, too, as their spontaneous and willing support of charitable institutions amply testifies. In 1892 their subscriptions to various benevolent objects amounted in all to nearly a thousand pounds.

In view of the world-wide renown enjoyed by Messrs. J. S. Fry & Sons’ manufactures it seems almost unnecessary to speak of them in detail, but mention may at least be made of the firm’s leading specialities. Among cocoas for drinking purposes there is probably no brand that enjoys a larger sale than “Fry’s Pure Concentrated Cocoa,” which is prepared by a special scientific process securing extreme solubility and digestibility, and at the same time developing and retaining the finest flavour of the cocoa. Medical opinion speaks very highly of this article. ‘The Lancet’ pronounces it “pure and very soluble;” the ‘Medical Times’ considers it “eminently suitable for invalids, as well as for that steadily growing portion of the population who cannot take tea or coffee;” and the eminent analyst, Sir Charles A. Cameron, M.D., says of it:— “I have formed a high opinion of its dietetic value; I have never tasted cocoa I like so well.” “Fry’s Caracas Chocolate” is a delicious product of Caracas and other choice cocoas, long adopted in the manufacture of the finest chocolates of Europe, and has an excellent reputation of many years’ standing. “Fry’s Ceylon Chocolate” is prepared exclusively from Ceylon cocoa (only recently cultivated in the island), combined with refined sugar and flavoured with vanilla. It has a peculiarly fine and delicate flavour, and has secured great appreciation among connoisseurs. Messrs. Fry’s chocolate for eating assumes a large variety of forms, and is not only very delicious, but highly nutritious and sustaining. It is a universal favourite with children, and, being exceedingly wholesome, is well suited for them. Upwards of sixty-seven prize medals have been awarded to Messrs. J. S. Fry & Sons at the leading international exhibitions of the world.

An enormous trade is controlled by this great firm, and their productions may be found in every quarter of the globe, literally from “China to Peru” and from England to the Antipodes. The present heads of the house are Joseph Storrs Fry and Francis James Fry, J.P., two gentlemen who are among the most respected citizens of modern Bristol, equally esteemed for their sterling commercial qualities and for their liberal support of all deserving charities and local institutions. They have personally done much to increase the renown and beneficent influence of their house as a great factor in Bristol’s industrial activity, and they continue to take an energetic part in the control of its affairs, being ably assisted in the work of management by several younger members of the family. Messrs. Fry have offices to facilitate their trade at Glasgow, Edinburgh, Dundee, Manchester, Birmingham, and Cardiff, besides important branch warehouses and offices at Liverpool, London, and Sydney, N.S. W.

E. PRIEST & CO., TAFF VALE IRON WORKS,
NARROW WINE STREET, BRISTOL; WORKS: CANTON, CARDIFF.

THIS firm, whose affairs are being conducted with an enlightened enterprise which presages a large measure of success, was established so recently as 1891, and it has already attained to a foremost place amongst the minor industries of a district which is one of the great commercial centres of the world. The premises comprise a well-appointed shop, occupying a commanding and central position in Narrow Wine Street, whose display windows, with their tastefully-arranged assortment of the firm’s specialities, constitute an attractive point of interest in the thoroughfare. The showroom contains large stocks of wire-netting of different sizes, asphaltic felt, galvanised roofing, hurdles, fencing, gates, sheep troughs, and every farm and garden requisite. Amongst the manufactured goods which are the specialities of the firm, and which constitute the bases of its notable success, are their patent steel cold-water tanks, for which there is already a steady demand in the market. There is no place in the West of England or in South Wales more favourably circumstanced for the conduct of such an industry as that in which Messrs. Priest & Co. are engaged than Canton, the western suburb of Cardiff, where substantial economies in respect to labour and other working expenses may easily be effected. With the advantages which they thus possess in regard to cheapness of production, Messrs. Priest & Co. are able to place their customers in the best possible position, both as to the quality of their goods and the prices at which they are supplied.

E. S. & A. ROBINSON & CO., ‘WHOLESALE STATIONERS AND ACCOUNT-BOOK MAKERS, PRINTERS, CHROMO-LITHOGRAPHERS, PAPER-BAG MANUFACTURERS, &C.,
REDCLIFFE AND VICTORIA STREETS, BRISTOL.

THE latter half of the eventful century that is now drawing to a close has been remarkable, among other things, for the widespread uprising of colossal businesses, and for the inauguration of a new era in mercantile history, in which gigantic establishments in almost every branch of trade have superseded the less imposing concerns of former times. In the evolution of this new order of things, commercial Bristol has played its part in company with all the other large and important towns and cities of Great Britain, and here, in this ancient and historic seat of trade, we meet with a very striking example of the class of establishment to which we have just referred. It is doubtless well within the truth to assert that no provincial business of its kind has attained larger dimensions than that controlled by the great Bristol firm of Messrs. E. S. & A. Robinson & Co. Indeed, we may go even farther than this, and say that nowhere in the United Kingdom has a stationery, printing, and lithographing business been developed upon a broader basis or in a finer spirit of progressive enterprise than is manifested in the case of the immense concern of which we propose to speak briefly in the present article.

The house under notice was founded on May 1, 1844 (the day upon which the Bristol and Exeter Railway was opened) by the late Mr. Elisha Smith Robinson, and the first premises were situated in Baldwin Street. Like many another gigantic business, this one has grown up from a modest beginning, for Mr. E. S. Robinson commenced with a capital of only £290, and of that sum £200 had been lent to him for the purpose of establishing himself in the trade he elected to follow, viz., that of a stationer. He remained in Baldwin Street until 1846, when he removed to No. 2, Redcliffe Street, and shortly afterwards took into partnership his brother, Mr. Alfred Robinson. The two continued the business with so much energy and success that they found it necessary to make many successive additions to their premises, and this process was carried on until they had become possessed of no fewer than eleven houses, all adjoining each other, in Redcliffe and Victoria Streets. The firm then decided to rebuild, and eventually their present magnificent premises were completed, forming an establishment which is one of the structural “lions” of Bristol, and which is probably unrivalled among commercial edifices in the West of England. These premises are situated at the junction of Redcliffe Street and Victoria Street, where they cover a large space of ground, and comprise two great blocks which, though connected at the rear, are separated in Victoria Street by the Bute Arms Hotel and one shop.

That portion of the premises situated at the corner of Redcliffe Street was finished about fifteen years ago. The building is seven storeys high, with an extensive basement and a very handsome tower at the angle of the two streets. The ground floor of this tower forms a noble vestibule — the principal entrance to the building. Passing through this we enter the spacious and handsomely appointed offices and counting-house, and on this floor we also find the large sale-room and forwarding-room, where many hands are busily employed in packing and despatching goods. Here we had an opportunity of observing some of the work that was being sent out to all parts of the Kingdom, and we speedily became aware of the fact that Messrs. Robinson’s business embraces every branch of the stationery and printing trades. We particularly noticed some papers for packing tea. These were adorned with views of buildings {the premises, apparently, of the merchants for whom the papers were designed), and in each case the views were admirably and artistically produced, presenting quite a contrast to the ordinary work of this class which one so frequently sees.

The firm have a large staff of artists whose principal duty it is to go to various parts of the country and make original sketches of buildings, for advertisement and other purposes, and these are the originals from which the excellent prints we noticed are obtained, either by lithography or by wood-block. One of the lithographing departments is also on this floor, and it has four sub-divisions (1) The artists’ rooms, where there are twenty-seven skilled artists engaged in writing, engraving, line drawing, chalk drawing, stippling, &c., the variety of the work done being very large. (2) The department for chromo-lithographic printing of the finest character, in colours only, and purely artistic work. (3) The department for commercial lithography, such as invoices, billheads, ornamental trade lists, wrappers, &c. The fourth lithographic department is situated on the first floor, and contains twenty-one machines printing, in black only, all-classes of tea papers, paper bags, wrappers, and tobacco papers. As indicating the importance of this branch of Messrs. Robinson’s business we may say that they have recently had an order from a retail grocer in Manchester for three thousand reams of tea papers, and a hundred tons of tea bags and sugar bags, a really stupendous quantity of stuff, as a moment’s reflection will show.

From the lithographing-rooms we now descend to the spacious basement, extending under the whole of the building, and containing hundreds of tons of paper for bag-making. The plain and fancy paper stored here, and at the firm’s supplementary store in the Wool Hall in Thomas Street, together with the fine, superfine, and extra superfine writing papers, hand-made papers for account-books, ivory enamelled cards, tinfoil paper, &c., stocked in a comparatively small room on the first floor, make up a total stock the value of which is not less than £55,000. In this basement, also, is kept the “overflow” stock of lithographic stones. The firm have altogether about two hundred tons of litho stones, and each stone has a valuable piece of work upon it. We now ascend again to the ground floor, and thence, by a handsome staircase, reach the first floor, where there is a fine office, affording accommodation to a numerous staff of clerks. Leading from this is the private office of Mr. Edward Robinson, in which is placed a marble bust of the late founder of the house. The bust is a fine piece of work and was exhibited at the Royal Academy.

On the second floor, to which we next proceed (the remainder of the first floor being occupied by the packing and ruling room, copper-plate engraving room, and another room devoted to fine commercial lithography), we come to the paper-bag department, which is one of the leading features of the business. Some conception of its magnitude and resources may be derived from the fact that there are here produced weekly about two and a quarter millions of paper bags of various descriptions, using up about seventeen hundred reams of paper of different kinds. These bags are sent to all parts of the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Africa, and other quarters of the globe, no firm having a larger or more extended trade in this class of goods than Messrs. Robinson. Every bag is carefully examined before it is sent out, and such is the perfection to which the manufacture has been brought in this great establishment that out of the vast quantity of bags they turn out Messrs. Robinson very seldom have a complaint. There are six patent satchel-bag machines at work here, Messrs. E. S. & A. Robinson & Co. being the original patentees of the same in Great Britain and Ireland. Each of these machines is capable of turning out from one hundred to two hundred bags per minute, according to size, and so ingenious and elegant are they in action and design that their operation has been well described as an example of the “poetry of motion.” By a special device the bag is produced in a square or satchel shape, which is much more convenient than the old-fashioned flat bag. In addition to the bag-making by machinery, a good deal of hand work is also done for special purposes, and the skilful women and girls engaged in this kind of labour produce an astonishingly large number of strong and well-made bags in a given time.

The next department to be visited is the letterpress department, where we find seventeen printing machines of the newest designs and by the best makers, all in constant operation. One of them is a fine machine for printing in two colours at one impression. Eight of these machines are located in the basement, and nine are upstairs, together with the compositors’ department with its large and experienced staff. Much labour is saved by the stereotyping department, which is perfectly equipped in every respect, and which turns out about one thousand stereos per week. The moulds are all carefully prepared, and there are upwards of seventy thousand of them now preserved in the mould-room, so that any job can be speedily turned up, and the order repeated without resetting. No fewer than sixty-one men and boys are engaged in the work of composition, stereotyping, and “machining,” including those at work in the machine-room in the basement. The splendid equipment of the letterpress department generally enables the firm to maintain a very large output at a moderate cost. The chief articles printed here are price-lists, circulars, drapers’ labels, illustrated catalogues, address cards, tea-papers, and other items of commercial printing.

On the third floor we come to the “bindery,” where all kinds of account-books are made, from the penny memo book up to the huge bankers’ ledger at seven or eight guineas. The firm are celebrated for their thirty-five-shilling and twenty-one-shilling ledgers, which are splendid value for money, and the same may be said of the half-guinea ledger and the half-guinea day-book. Messrs. Robinson have certainly played a great part in that gradual revolution of the stationery trade which has given us good paper and good books at prices that come within the reach of all. The various processes incidental to the making of account-books are all carried out by this firm upon the best modern lines and with the aid of the most approved machinery, and their staff includes many workmen of the highest, practical skill. They have a large number of girls engaged in cheque-book, receipt-book, and order-book work, and the machinery in use includes some wonderfully ingenious and quick-working apparatus, for paging and numbering. An immense stock of account-books of every size and description is always on hand ready for immediate delivery.

We now come to the miscellaneous stationery department, which employs over one hundred hands. Here a great variety of work is done, notably the making of envelopes, seed pockets, tea-sample pockets, also plain and relief stamping, cutting and perforating, eyeletting, mounting show-cards, ruling, and notebook making. Many ingenious machines are in use in this department, showing that Messrs. Robinson adhere constantly to their policy of using the most effective appliances known in the trade. Envelopes are also made here by hand, but they are more extensively produced by specially constructed machinery at the firm’s Bedminster factory, to winch we shall presently refer. A number of girls find employment in the making of blotting-pads, for which Messrs. Robinson have an immense sale, and others are busily at work on tradesmen’s passbooks, &c.

We may now glance at the principal artists’ department, which occupies two large rooms nearly at the top of the tower, where a splendid light is obtained. Here twenty-seven artists are engaged in work of all descriptions. The members of this staff are all highly-paid and thoroughly competent men, and they may be found here day after day preparing subjects after the best artists, the completion of some of the designs frequently occupying many months. Every year Messrs. Robinson produce about thirty different designs for almanacks alone, some of which require eighteen, twenty, or even more printings, so elaborate are the schemes of colour. They purchase every year several suitable works from the walls of the Royal Academy, most of these pictures being bought at very high prices, and subsequently they reproduce them in splendid style to sell at prices as low as sixpence or ninepence. There can be no doubt that enterprise of this kind has a very salutary effect in disseminating a taste for good art. For their almanacks, Messrs. Robinson are always working two years ahead, so to speak, the designs being bought (many of the best artists submitting pictures to them for purchase), and an artistic reproduction on stone occupying twelve months, as a rule, while another twelve months is taken up in printing and securing orders throughout the country. Mr. Elisha S. Robinson originated the picture almanack trade forty years ago, and now it has become a very large item in the firm’s business, their annual sale of almanacks reaching a million copies in the aggregate.

We may now speak briefly of Messrs. Robinson’s Bedminster works, which they erected in 1887 to afford a further increase of accommodation. This establishment stands at the top of East Street, at the corner of Church Road, and has a total frontage on the two thoroughfares of three hundred and sixty feet. The building is a substantial one of red brick, with terra-cotta dressings, and all the work is carried on upon the ground level, the whole place being splendidly lighted from the roof. The skylights are specially arranged to obtain a north light and avoid sunshine. Steam is the motive power used for driving the machinery, and the premises are heated by the high-pressure system, which is found to be highly effective. In this building Messrs. Robinson produce all their best chromo-lithographic work, and here they also carry on box-making and envelope-making by machinery. There are also seventeen machines of the latest type engaged in turning out almanacks and fine chromo-lithographs generally, some of which are afterwards skilfully “roughed” to give them a still closer resemblance to oil paintings. A wonderful variety of work is produced here daily, and everything is subjected to the closest scrutiny before being allowed to leave the premises. This rule of careful examination prevails in all other departments of the firm’s business, and it is undoubtedly one of the secrets of their success in maintaining the confidence of their customers.

In order to show how perfect is the plant at these works it may be mentioned that even the “hand” presses for proving are driven by steam power. It should also be noted that all the litho-machines are provided with a patent “taker-off,” the clever invention of Mr. Hird, manager of the department, which attachment has several important advantages over the old system of taking-off by boys, perhaps the most valuable of these being that it keeps the sheets perfectly clean. The following description of the apparatus appeared in the Bristol Mercury and Daily Post:— “The peculiar feature of Mr. Hird’s patent deliverer is that the copies are drawn from the cylinder by suction. A hollow bar, which passes to and from the cylinder and the table, is connected with a large tube underneath the bed of the machine, and the air is forced through this tube and the bar, or extracted from them, by means of a piston which moves with the bed of the machine. The suction commences as the bar touches the sheet on the cylinder, and by means of the other operation the sheet is detached when the sheet has reached the receiving-table. It is a most ingenious contrivance.”

The arrangements of the chromo-lithographing department at the Bedminster works are such as to render the working of very large quantities of labels, wrappers, show-cards, Christmas cards, oleographs, almanacks, and other superior work very economical indeed. The various incidental and auxiliary departments here are likewise splendidly organised. Messrs. E. S. & A. Robinson & Co. commenced operations as lithographers in 1850, and they have ever since made this class of work one of their leading specialities. They now employ two hundred and fifty hands in the lithographing departments, and it may truly be said that it would be impossible to produce finer work than that turned out by this firm in their reproductions of pictures for almanacks and other purposes. As to the growth of this department, it is perhaps phenomenal, for when the firm commenced lithographing in 1850 they had only one press at work, whereas they now have a total of fifty presses in almost constant operation.

The box-making department at the Bedminster works also commands attention. It produces all descriptions of cardboard boxes for every conceivable purpose, and the output embraces vast quantities of boxes for boot manufacturers, tobacco manufacturers, and many other important trades. Wonderfully ingenious labour-saving machinery is in use in this department, and not less interesting are the clever machines for making envelopes, which are here produced at the rate of eighteen hundred per hour to each of the four machines in use. Each of these machines is in charge of a girl. A large stamp works up and down, and is gummed by a roller while in motion. As it falls upon the paper it gums the edges and draws it into the machine, which folds it and turns out a complete envelope, with the one exception of gumming the flap. The envelopes are delivered by the machine to the attendant, who counts them and passes them on to another singularly ingenious apparatus, the action of which is really a pretty sight. The pile of envelopes is placed upon a small table at the top of the machine, where a series of rapidly revolving fans draws them out from the bottom and passes them on to a large cylinder over which there runs a continuous series of tapes. These send the envelopes onward in a constant stream, taking them under a gumming apparatus which is kept supplied by a tank of gum. Here the envelopes encounter an automatic roller, which separates them a little to prevent them sticking together, and the moving tapes then carry them over three rows of heaters, delivering them complete and perfectly dry at the other end of the machine. Even in an age of clever inventions this apparatus seems almost marvellous, and we believe it is the only one of its kind in use in the West of England.

From the few notes we have given above it will be seen that Messrs. Robinson’s operations are of an unusually comprehensive nature, embracing every branch of the printing, lithographing, and stationery trades, and it will also be apparent that all processes are carried out from first to last on the firm’s own premises. We should like to specially impress the following important points upon the minds of our readers as being particularly noteworthy in considering this exceptionally extensive concern:— (1) The complete and costly plant at the disposal of the firm, comprising every useful and approved invention for facilitating the routine of the several trades they exemplify, enables them to turn out all classes of work both well and economically. (2) The enormous output of tea-papers, paper bags, wrappers, &c., places the firm in a position to hold stocks of far more than ordinary magnitude in such designs as are likely to meet with special favour, and thus to execute orders in this line with the utmost promptitude. Messrs. Robinson have almost a monopoly in this particular department, and they are to be especially commended for the manner in which they have raised the standard of beauty in designs for tea-papers, wrappers, bags, &c. They supply bags, wrappers, &c., to every known trade, from the pork-butcher to the jeweller, and show an enormous range of attractive designs at prices which put competition out of the question. (3) In every department the careful examination of work before being sent out ensures satisfaction to the customer, and dispenses with complaints and disputes, which are such a fruitful source of delay and expense. (4) Messrs. Robinson aim at perfection in all their work, and it must be said that, as far as perfection is within merely human reach, they have attained it. This is not a mere assertion, but is a well-considered tribute to excellence of production which speaks for itself, and concerning which the highest praise would be no more than justice. (5) This firm’s premises, specially built and equipped for the purposes of the trades carried on, afford facilities which are quite exceptional, and care is taken that the work of each department is under highly competent and responsible supervision, while the workpeople employed are all experienced and skilful hands, of whose efficiency the firm have fully satisfied themselves.

Bearing these matters in mind it is not difficult to understand how Messrs. E. S. & A. Robinson & Co. have, with the added aid of abundant energy and personal capability, built up a business which is decidedly the largest of its kind in the West of England, and which, for magnitude, complete organisation, and variety and excellence of product, is not surpassed by any similar concern in the Kingdom. Some of the orders that have been carried out by this noted firm would severely strain the powers of many of our largest printing and lithographic houses; and at the Bristol Exhibition of 1884 Messrs. Robinson afforded visitors some striking opportunities of estimating their productive capabilities, for they not only exhibited many specialities and some of their most interesting machinery, but also turned out a vast quantity of important work at their stand in the exhibition building. The reputation of the firm is widespread, both at home and abroad, and they have lately concluded a large contract with the Egyptian Government for six million salt bags, having been chosen from all other English manufacturers to carry out this huge order.

The total staff employed by Messrs. E. S. & A. Robinson & Co. in all departments of their business numbers about eight hundred hands, and these perform their varied duties on a floor space of three acres, over which fully a mile of machine belting is in almost constant motion. The weekly wages payments now amount to £690, a striking contrast to the £290 capital with which the business was originally started. One of the most pleasing characteristics of this remarkable concern is found in the excellent relations subsisting between the firm and their employes. Messrs. Robinson have always shown great consideration for the welfare of those in their service, and the result of this is readily apparent in the looks and demeanour of the workpeople in every department. Wherever we went we noticed that the hands, both male and female, seemed to be of quite a superior class, and that they are evidently well satisfied and contented. In these times, when labour troubles are omnipresent, such a sight as this is eminently gratifying. Messrs. Robinson’s hands have certainly many advantages. In the first place, they do their work in spacious, well-lighted, and perfectly ventilated rooms, where everything is conducive to health and comfort; and in the second place they have the confidence of their employers. Knowing this, every man, woman, boy, and girl in the place manifests a personal interest in his or her work, and strives to promote the good of the house by honest and conscientious labour. In the course of the year every employey from the heads of departments down to the youngest and latest additions to the staff, has a week’s holiday, which is paid for by the firm, who wisely recognise the truth of the old adage anent “all work and no play.” Moreover, there is in operation at the works a capital system of “time rewards,” whereby everybody in the service of the house earning over ten shillings per week is entitled to a sovereign at midsummer, provided he or she has not been late in arriving at work during the year. For each time such an employe is late, sixpence is deducted from the sovereign. Similarly, the younger employes, who earn less than ten shillings per week, are entitled to half a sovereign at midsummer on the same conditions, threepence being deducted for each late arrival. All this is a very excellent and practical method of stimulating the spirit of punctuality. It may be mentioned that the “time rewards” and the holiday fund cost Messrs. Robinson nearly £1,500 per annum, but this is probably well repaid in the increased efficiency of the staff, many of the members of which have been with the firm for twenty and thirty years, while some can boast of forty years’ continuous service.

There are also thirty commercial travellers in the employ of the house, and these gentlemen visit every part of Great Britain, maintaining a connection which extends over the whole country and increases yearly. Besides the home trade, a great export business is done with the various Colonies, and it is only the high protective tariff prevailing in the United States which prevents the development of a large American connection as well, for Messrs. Robinson can produce good work much more economically than it can be done by Transatlantic firms. The present principals of this notable house are Mr. Alfred Robinson, brother of the late founder of the business; Mr. Edward Robinson, son of the founder; Mr. Arthur Robinson, another son of the late Mr. E. S. Robinson; and Mr. Addiscott. Mr. Alfred Robinson, who joined the firm as a partner over forty years ago, is a city and county magistrate; and Mr. Edward Robinson is also a member of the city bench of magistrates. All the partners are gentlemen well known and highly esteemed in Bristol and in the trade they represent, and they all take an active part in the management of the business. Under their able and energetic administration the growth of this gigantic concern, already so remarkable, bids fair to continue, and its further development on the excellent lines it has thus far pursued will be watched with interest by all who hope for the preservation of Bristol’s ancient renown as a great seat of industrial and commercial enterprise.

W. H. MIDWINTER & CO., PHOTOGRAPHERS,
48, PARK STREET, BRISTOL.

FEW establishments in Bristol are better known than that of Messrs. W. H. Midwinter & Co., a leading firm of high-class photographers, whose business was founded over thirty-two years ago, and who have occupied their present studios in Park Street for the past fourteen years. This house has always been conducted under the same title, the sole proprietor being Mr. W. H. Midwinter, and under that gentleman’s able and artistic management it has long maintained an eminent reputation for superior work at moderate prices. The spacious and well-arranged premises afford every convenience, and are among the handsomest of their kind in the city. There are two richly appointed reception-rooms, and these display to advantage some exquisite examples of the firm’s work. The large studios, printing-rooms, and work-rooms are equipped to perfection, and possess all the best appliances of the art. Hr. Midwinter is justly regarded as an expert in all departments of photography, and he has been called upon by the local photographic societies to act in the capacity of a judge. Wherever or whenever improvements have been introduced in photography, Mr. Midwinter has always been among the first to adopt the new idea, apparatus, or method, as soon as its value was duly proved. He is now using exclusively the “Gelatine-Chloride Paper,” by which the brilliancy and general appearance of the picture are greatly enhanced, while it has the special advantage of ensuring permanency. Permanent Carbon “Platino-types” and all other new and elegant styles of photography are among the specialities of Messrs. W. H. Midwinter & Co., and in every department the very best class of work is produced, while the prices are in all cases strictly moderate. For example, twelve cartes-de-visite in the highest style of the art, are produced for ten shillings; while a dozen – “cabinets” of equal excellence may be had for a sovereign. Mr. Midwinter is always very successful with children, and his group portraits are splendid examples of skilful posing and fine finish. This firm do a large amount of work for the colleges, &c., and have “taken” all the local celebrities, members of Parliament, and many members of the aristocracy. The business is supported by a very large and distinguished clientele, and is personally superintended by Mr. Midwinter, who has the {assistance of a talented and efficient staff. Mr. W. Harvey, a brother-in-law of the principal, is chief operator, and is a gentleman of large experience and high artistic attainments.

HENRY GEORGE THOMAS, DEALER IN MUSIC AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS,
WAGNER HOUSE, 180A, CHELTENHAM ROAD, BRISTOL.

WAGNER HOUSE stands high in the estimation of a large and influential patronage, by reason of the masterly manner in which all its affairs, both professional and commercial, are conducted, Mr. Thomas having commenced operations with the advantage of a lifelong experience of the trade to which his attention is now so vigorously and successfully directed. The premises in the Cheltenham Road are, in every point of character and situation, well adapted to the requirements of a very brisk business, and consist of a spacious shop, handsomely appointed in the best modern style, effectively displaying a complete and carefully selected stock of pianofortes, organs, and all classes of orchestral and other musical instruments, and musicians’ requisites and accessories of every kind, as well as a splendid stock of sheet and book music kept fully up to date. Any special makers’ instrument can be procured at the shortest notice; and all instruments are available on the hire purchase system, a large number of pianos being so disposed of by Mr. Thomas at easy rates. As a thoroughly practical man, Mr. Thomas undertakes all kinds of repairs and tuning work, and has already won a widespread and well-merited renown for the thoroughly efficient manner in which he executes all work entrusted to him, and for the moderation of his charges. Instruments are also valued for patrons, and taken in exchange, and Mr. Thomas also guarantees instruments as coming intact and direct from the makers. All these recommendations, coupled with the efficiency and sound judgment that mark the methods of his administration, have already combined to endow Wagner House with an enviable reputation, which it is manifestly its proprietor’s resolution shall not only be well sustained, but steadily enhanced and consistently developed in days to come.

YOUNG & NEILSON, WHOLESALE AND EXPORT MANUFACTURERS AND PATENTEES OF THE CELEBRATED Y. & N. PATENT CORSETS,
11 & 12, PORTLAND SQUARE, AND NORFOLK AVENUE, BRISTOL.

THIS excellently organised and notably successful business was founded twenty-eight years ago by Mr. Young, under the style of R. A. Young & Co. Four years afterwards Mr. Neilson became a member of the firm, when the title was adopted which it has since borne. Much of the remarkable prosperity which has attended the enterprise is due to the happy division of responsibility between the two partners, Mr. Young having a thorough technical knowledge of all the necessary manufacturing operations which he assiduously supervises, whilst Mr. Neilson, who is constantly absent on important missions to the great centres of distribution throughout the country, judiciously controls the commercial operations of the house. The manufactory, which occupies a most convenient site, is most completely equipped with all the requisite appliances for the production of stays and corsets under the best possible conditions at the least possible cost. A very large number of hands are regularly employed in the several departments, many of them being highly skilled and expert specialists.

The premises comprise a large and substantially constructed building, five storeys in height, with a commanding frontage to Portland Square, and extending right through to Norfolk Avenue. On the ground floor is a suite of well-appointed general and private offices, furnished with all the requisites for the prompt despatch of the large amount of clerical work necessitated by the magnitude of the operations of the house. The registered telegraphic address is: “Diagonal, Bristol.” On the same floor are extensive packing-rooms, supplied with all the adjuncts for the expedition of goods. Warehouses, show-rooms, and work-rooms occupy the rest of the premises. In June, 1891, the firm found it necessary to make very considerable additions to their industrial quarters, and to lay down a large quantity of new machinery.

Arriving at the main entrance to the building, the visitor finds himself in a spacious and well-proportioned hall, giving admission to the counting-house and the private offices. Near the entrance is the store-room, and opposite to this is the cutting-room, where a number of workmen axe employed who have had a thorough training. Some are engaged in drawing patterns on the material, and others in cutting it into sections. Thus specially ordered goods are cut by experienced artists, while, for ordinary stock goods, a steam band knife is used. The sections thus produced are then taken into the sorting-room, and there adjusted by girls, and made up into bundles, each containing everything necessary to make a dozen corsets. The bundles are then taken into the delivery stock-room, whence they are given out to be machined. The stitched goods, as they are returned to the delivery-room, are all carefully examined, and passed into the fitting-room. This operation is performed by highly experienced girls, with the aid of an ingeniously designed machine, fitted with rollers having edges as keen as a razor. The corsets are then despatched to the boning-room, where each bone has to be pushed by hand into its place. Thence the corsets pass to the finishing-room, where are employed a large staff of girls, some being occupied in binding the edges and others in embroidering. The punching and eyeletting processes are rapidly performed by machinery. Every corset is here thoroughly examined, and if perfect is passed on to the pressing-room, where, after being well starched, it is carefully ironed, an operation performed by men. Then the now nearly completed corset goes on to the trimming-room, to be decorated with lace, ribbons, &c., and in succession to the moulding room, where it is again starched, and placed on a heated model, which moulds each article to the perfect form of a lady’s bust. The last operation to which the corsets are subjected, that of lacing them, engages the nimble fingers of a large number of young girls, whence the corsets go direct into the boxing-room, where they are placed in ornamental boxes, each having its size marked on the outside. In two show-rooms, large and most elegantly appointed, are displayed the beautifully-finished examples of all the different varieties of corsets, marked “Y. & N.,” which the firm produce.

The remarkable reputation which the firm have gained, and which has given them a most valuable connection in all parts of the world, is the result of the beauty of design, the high quality of material, the careful finish, and the moderate prices of all the goods which the firm produce. Ample public testimony to the existence of these qualities, which are fully appreciated by the trade, has been afforded by the award to Messrs. Young & Neilson of a gold medal at the International Exhibition at the Crystal Palace in 1884, at the New Zealand Exhibition in 1882, and at the Edinburgh Exhibition in 1886. The most important speciality of the firm is the “Y. & N.” Patent Diagonal Seam Corset, which has had an enormous sale since its introduction. Another is the Patent Diagonal Riding Corset, the most comfortable article of its class, of exquisite shape, and of guaranteed workmanship and finish. The other specialities include the Patent Diagonal Curative Magnetic Corset, the “Corset de Cuir,” the Duplex Supporter Corset, the Patent Ottoman Corded Corset, the Simplex Side Corset, as well as many others of all shapes, sizes, and varieties. A very large demand has been created for Messrs. Young & Neilson’s productions by an extensive and judicious system of advertising of which the retailers who stock the firm’s specialities naturally reap the advantage. Messrs. Young & Neilson have branches at 12, Milk Street, London, E.C., 7, Mosley Street, Manchester, and 27, Ann Street, Glasgow.

THE BRISTOL UNITED BREWERIES, LIMITED;
HEAD OFFICES: LEWIN’S MEAD BREWERY, BRISTOL.

A REVIEW of the establishments which constitute the industrial life of Bristol would he incomplete without detailed mention of the brewing trade, seeing that this branch of industrial activity is of very considerable importance and influence, owing to the wealth it represents, the number of hands it employs, and the unsurpassed state of perfection to which it has been brought. Among the most notable houses of this kind stands the Bristol United Breweries, Limited, whose head offices are at Lewin’s Mead. This powerful company was formed in 1889 by the amalgamation of four well-known and extensive brewing concerns, viz., Messrs. Bowley & Bristow, Messrs. J. H. Lockley & Son, Messrs. Bishop & Butt, Limited, and Messrs. M. Reynolds & Co. Operations are carried on at St. Paul’s Brewery and Lewin’s Mead Brewery. Under vigorous and well-directed management the business has materially increased since the company was initiated, and has fully justified its title to be considered one of the most important and capable of its kind in the West of England. Mr. Maurice Reynolds is the managing director, and Mr. G. Ingram secretary, whilst the control of the works is under the immediate supervision of Mr. S. E. Field, a gentleman of wide experience in every department of brewing and of acknowledged and conspicuous skill.

In the Lewin’s Mead Brewery the most improved plant has been introduced, and every facility is possessed for producing a superior beverage in accordance with the latest and most advanced systems of scientific brewing. The offices are of extensive size and handsomely fitted up with every requisite. They afford accommodation for a numerous staff of clerks, the whole of the commercial affairs of the company being controlled here.

The St. Paul’s Brewery is larger in extent than the Lewin’s Mead establishment. These premises were originally built in 1838, and have been enlarged and improved from time to time to bring them to their present magnitude and completeness. They are excellently arranged and fully provided with all the most modern machinery and appliances, all operations, it need hardly be said, being carried out on the most advanced principles. The total plant of the company is of great value, being acknowledged to be one of the largest and finest in the district, whilst the organisation and supervision are of a thoroughly effective character. Employment is found for a numerous body of skilled workmen, everything connected with the business being done on the premises, including the manufacture of the casks and barrels in which the potables are sent out.

The company are controlling a valuable business in the brewing of mild, pale, and strong ales and stouts. These are made by the best processes from choice English hops, and are well known in the district for their purity, nutritive properties, and uniform high excellence. Where everything is of the best it seems somewhat invidious to single out a particular kind for special mention, but particular reference should be made to the light ales brewed by the company. These have obtained more than a local reputation on account of their brilliant clearness of colour, perfect purity, and fine palatable taste. The price quoted, too, is exceedingly low, and altogether they are a marvel of value at the money. The company possess an extensive bottling plant, a large business being in operation in superior bottled ales and stout.

The connection extends throughout Bristol and for a radius of a good many miles, extending as far as South Wales, where a large trade has been developed, the trade being done with the most important hotels and licensed houses as well as with the leading private families in the district. The directors are men thoroughly well conversant with the trade in its entirety, and of high standing in local business and commercial circles. By their strictly equitable dealings and liberal policy, they always command the renewed confidence of those who come into business connection with them. The establishment is justly regarded as one of the leading local representatives of this important branch of national industry.

MESSRS. PARNALL & SONS, LIMITED, PATENTEES AND MANUFACTURERS OF THE PATENT AGATE SCALES, SPECIALISTS IN SHOP FITTING, ETC., ETC.
REGISTERED OFFICES, WAREHOUSE AND SHOWROOMS, 21 AND 22, NARROW WINE STREET, BRISTOL.

THIS immense business dates from the year 1820, when it was founded by Mr. H. Gr. Parnall. Subsequently, for many years the business was very successfully carried on by Messrs. Parnall & Sons, a firm comprising the founder and his sons; and eventually in 1889 it was converted into a limited liability Company, a step that has been attended with highly satisfactory results. The sound character of the concern was favourably commented upon at the time in the financial, press; and the vendor, Mr. John Parnall, showed his confidence in it by the exceedingly liberal terms he made with the Company at the time of the conversion. He has also remained in the office of Managing Director, so that the advantages of his practical experience and personal supervision are retained to the Company. The other Directors are, James Dole, Esq., Redland House, Durdham Park, Bristol (Chairman); Mr. J. Hennessey, Esq., Dunmullin, Tyndall’s Park, Bristol; W. T. Mavius, Esq., Oakfield Road, Clifton; Edward Crawford, Esq., Ironfounder and Weighing Machine Maker, Bristol. The Company’s registered offices, warehouse and showrooms are situated at 21 and 22, Narrow Wine Street. Their iron and brass foundry is in Rosemary Street, and they have a large new factory and steam joinery works in Fairfax Street.

One of the chief departments of the business (scale and weighing-machine making) is carried on at the Company’s well-known National Scale Works, Fishponds, near Bristol. There are branches at 10, Rood Lane, London, E.C., 12, Alexandra Road, Swansea, and 38, Lady Lawson Street, Edinburgh. The premises occupied by the Company in Narrow Wine Street comprise an immense building, admirably arranged to meet all the requirements of warehouse and showrooms, and affording the most complete facilities for storing an enormous stock, and for displaying the various specialities for which this house is famous. The Fairfax Street establishment is also a remarkably large structure, originally built in 1870, and in the same street there are additional premises, erected in 1879, and arranged as a factory and showrooms for shop fittings. The works in Bristol and the scale works at Fishponds are splendidly equipped for their several purposes.

Messrs. Parnall & Sons, Limited, are widely known as specialists in shop fitting, and they manufacture requisites for the equipment of shops in every branch of trade. Particularly celebrated are their numerous productions in weighing apparatus, and among these the Patent National Balances invented by Mr. Parnall hold a leading place. During the past ten years over 20,000 of these balances have been sold — a striking testimony to their merit; and the newly-patented improvements, whereby agate with its manifold advantages is now applied to all sizes, must still further enhance their excellence. The Company have many other patented specialities in scales and balances of all sizes and for all purposes; and their various manufactures in this important department are unsurpassed for accuracy, strength, durability, and quick action, being made on thoroughly scientific principles, and finished in the very best style. The Patent Agate Hand Scales may be specially mentioned as worthy of the attention of tea dealers. Over 3,000 of these scales have been sold in a few years, and they are now at work in many of the leading houses of the Kingdom. When suspended, above the counter, it is claimed that they will work three times as long as any other scale without getting out of order.

One of the leading features of this business is the manufacture of weighing machines and weighbridges. These are made in sizes from 1 ton to 100 tons, and are supplied to railway companies, collieries, public corporations, &c., &c. All the scales and weighing machines are specially made to meet the requirements of the Weights and Measures Act. As complete shop fitters for all parts of the Kingdom, Messrs. Parnall and Sons, Limited, have had a varied experience, which enables them to fit up premises in a manner combining the maximum of efficiency and convenience for business purposes with a minimum of cost. This Company make a special point of planning and carrying out all shop-fitting contracts in accordance with the peculiar requirements of their client’s trade, and thus they secure far better results than can be obtained by the use of set designs, regardless of the modern system of trading. Messrs. Parnall can show many influential testimonials, speaking in the highest terms of the quality, finish and suitability of their work. Some of the handsomest establishments in London and the provinces might be cited as examples of their skill and taste in this class of work.

As to the thousand and one requisites called for in the conduct of various businesses, Messrs. Parnall & Sons, Limited, manufacture and supply them all; and a visit to their showrooms in Bristol will acquaint shopkeepers in every line of trade with all the latest novelties and best improvements, not only in the scales and balances, but also in such indispensable articles as scoops, sack lifters, barrows and trucks, canisters in large variety, counter boxes and window show trays, show glasses, butchers’ and other cutlery of warranted quality, marble top tables for restaurants, &c., elegant show stands, new pattern treacle cisterns, safes and cash boxes, patent tills, provision tickets, window name plates, tobacco cutters and all kinds of tobacconists’ fixtures, chairs, bottling machines, beer engines, hand-carts, coffee mills, tea mixers, heists, lifts, gas engines — in fact, every conceivable requirement for every conceivable trade. Without exception, these goods are of the best make and quality, and the utmost care is taken to maintain the high standard of excellence that has so long distinguished them.

Those who cannot personally visit Messrs. Parnall’s showrooms may be recommended to obtain their voluminous illustrated catalogue and price list, which is a most comprehensive publication. Altogether, a large trade is controlled by this Company, who, from the extent of their operations and the completeness of their working resources, are enabled to carry out all orders in their entirety without any outside assistance, thus ensuring promptitude and despatch, as well as thoroughly satisfactory work. There is hardly a city or town in Great Britain where Messrs. Parnall & Sons’ productions are not known and appreciated; and their ten representatives on the road cover the whole of the United Kingdom in their periodical journeys. The Company are makers to H.M. Honourable Board of Customs, the War Office, and to the Lords of the Admiralty, and they enjoy the support and confidence of a general connection of the most influential character. Increasing prosperity marks the progress of the business under its present able administration. The Company employ about four hundred workmen.
Their telegraphic address is “Parnall, Bristol”; the telephone is No. 356.

WILLIAM BUTLER & CO., TAR, ROSIN, AND OIL DISTILLERS, TURPENTINE, ROSIN, AND TAR IMPORTERS, &E.
OFFICES AND STORES: ST. PHILIP’S, BRISTOL; WORKS: CREW’S HOLE, NEAR BRISTOL, AND UPPER PARTING, NEAR GLOUCESTER.

THIS admirably organised and energetically conducted business was founded in 1843 by Mr. W. Butler, at Crew’s Hole, near Bristol, where the firm have one of their two large manufactories, the other being at Upper Parting, near Gloucester. At the present time the principals of the house are Mr. William Butler, J.P. for the county of Gloucester; Mr. William Henry Butler, member of the Gloucestershire County Council; Mr. Joseph B. Butler, and Mr. Thomas Butler. The premises occupied at St. Philip’s constitute the commercial headquarters of the firm, and comprise a well-appointed suite of general and private offices, with spacious stores adjoining, the latter containing vast stocks of Messrs. Butler’s products, held here in readiness to meet promptly all the demands of their widespread trade. The offices are well arranged, and equipped with every requirement for the expeditious despatch of business. On the second floor is a laboratory, where all the chemical materials used by the firm are subjected to test.

The convenient situation of the offices and stores, with regard to railway and river communication, is noticeable; and Messrs. Butler undoubtedly derive great commercial advantage from having waterside premises, being thus enabled to utilise the waterway to its fullest extent. The firm have quite a small fleet employed in their transport operations, comprising six lighters and a steam tug at Bristol, and three lighters at Gloucester, and they can ship goods at their works or stores, and deliver them alongside either the coasting traders, foreign-bound vessels in the docks, or the Midland, London and North-Western, and Great Western Railways. The lighters, being decked and fitted with tanks, can load back freights of raw material for distillation, or cargoes of turpentine and rosin, which Messrs. Butler import on a very large scale. The firm also own four trows or coasting vessels, which are entirely engaged in carrying the products of their works to the South Wales ports, where an extensive business is done. Some years ago Messrs. Butler had built for their trade a coasting steamer (the Clifton Grove), specially designed, and fitted with tanks for collecting and delivering tar and creosote to out ports and the Continent. These lighters and other vessels are fully employed all the year round.

Reverting to the offices of Messrs. Butler at St. Philip’s, another important feature of convenience consists in a very complete system of telephone communication. The firm have a private wire running direct to the works at Crew’s Hole, by which they can transmit orders immediately they are received. Messrs. Butler were the first firm in Bristol to give the telephone a practical trial over a long distance, and they have had a thorough experience of its great efficacy and usefulness. The firm’s offices are, furthermore, connected with the Bristol Telephone Exchange, and, their Gloucester branch being similarly connected, the heads of departments at both works can communicate freely at any time. To make the system still more complete, Messrs. Butler have for some years past rented a private wire running direct into the Bristol General Post Office, and over this all their telegraphic messages are despatched and received. The annual payment to the Government for this wire carries with it the privilege of enabling any of the firm’s customers in Bristol to communicate with them free of charge if the message be handed in at the Bristol Poet Office. Needless to say, this arrangement is much appreciated by customers.

Messrs. Butler’s principal works at Crew’s Hole are situated on the banks of the Avon, two miles above the city of Bristol, and cover an area of about four acres. Their machinery is of the most improved modern type throughout, and the motive power is supplied by steam. The works at Upper Parting, near Gloucester, are similarly well organised, and are provided with a very large distilling plant, capable of dealing with some thousands of tons of raw material annually. The firm have also recently caused to be erected a valuable plant for making sulphate of ammonia, and this machinery being of the latest pattern, the article turned out is of a much better colour than could be made by the old machinery. Messrs. William Butler & Co. have a world-wide reputation for their numerous products, chief among which are the following:— Anthracene, benzole, toluole, creosote, and sulphate of ammonia; sweet pine oils, white, pale, yellow, or brown; drilling, screwing, dipping, and vegetable oils; train, rope, and torch oils; rectified and crude rosin spirit; naphthas, dissolving, burning, seconds, and crude; carbolic acid, pale and dark, for disinfecting purposes; pine, black, and tar varnishes, and a special non-corrosive varnish for ships’ bottoms, largely used and highly recommended on account of its economy and freedom from acid; pitch for all purposes; lamp and vegetable blacks, loose or in packets; locomotive and cart greases, carriage and rope greases, cold neck and hot neck greases, &c., &c.

We have already alluded to the firm’s large operations as importers of rosin and American turpentine. In 1892 their importation of turpentine amounted to about forty per cent of the total import of that article into Bristol, while in rosin they nearly trebled the receipts of all the other local importers together. They have vast tank accommodation for the storage of turpentine. One enormous tank holds no less than fifty-four thousand gallons. The firm are also importers of Archangel and Stockholm tars and pitches. Messrs. William Butler & Co. maintain a most extensive and valuable connection in the home markets, and they also export their various productions largely to Hamburg, Rotterdam, and Treport, as well as to Newfoundland, South Africa, and Norway. The business is undoubtedly one of the largest and most influential concerns of its kind in the Kingdom, and is managed in all its operations with consummate ability and sound judgment.
Telegraphic address: “Butler, Bristol.”

POOLE BROTHERS, SHIPPERS OF STEAM AND HOUSE COAL, AND CONTRACTORS FOR FREIGHTING,
HOTWELL ROAD, BRISTOL.

FOR over a century “Poole’s Coal Wharf” in Hotwell Road, has been one of the best-known commercial institutions in Bristol. In the present day the old-established firm display an energy, and an intelligent enterprise much greater than suffices simply to maintain the time honoured traditions of the house. They carry on a valuable and extensive business, as heretofore, in their capacity as shippers of steam and house coals, and contractors for freighting. Wisely recognising the changes which time has brought to the conditions of shipping business, and also of large manufacturing industries, Messrs. Poole Brothers have in these latter days successfully made a speciality of importing in large quantities, and of selling the incomparable Welsh smokeless steam-coals for use in the furnaces of factories and the bunkers of steam-ships. In this class of business the firm have a valuable and substantial connection, which is constantly increasing. For the purposes of conveniently conducting a large business of this description nothing could be imagined in the way of premises better adapted than the commodious quarters which Messrs. Poole Brothers occupy in Hotwell Road. They comprise a large private wharf, fitted up with all the requisite adjuncts for the saving of unnecessary labour, and with an extensive frontage to the floating harbour. Within the premises is a suite of well-appointed general and private offices, furnished with all the necessary appliances for the expedition of the large amount of clerical work entailed by the firm’s commercial operations.
The telephone number of the house is 66, and its registered telegraphic address is: “Galbraith, Bristol.”

DUDLEY & GIBSON, COAL AND GRAVEL MERCHANTS,
CLIFTON COAL WHARF, HOTWELLS, AND CLIFTON DOWN STATION.

MESSRS. Dudley & Gibson established themselves as coal and gravel merchants in 1854, and ever since, through their high reputation for punctuality, integrity, and excellent business principles, they have retained the unreserved confidence of a large section of the community, including many of the leading families in the Bristol and Clifton districts. Since the decease of Mr. Dudley, which occurred some years ago, Mr. William Morgan Gibson has been the sole proprietor, and he now fulfils the duties of his position with undiminished energy and zeal. The headquarters of the firm are conveniently situated at the Clifton coal wharf at Hotwells, and they have also a well-equipped depot at the Clifton Down railway station. At Hotwells there is a suite of conveniently-appointed general and private offices. Orders by post receive immediate attention here. Messrs. Dudley & Gibson deal in anthracite, silkstone, Derby, Welsh, Forest of Dean, Somersetshire, and other varieties of coals which, in large or small quantities, are supplied direct from the several collieries. The intimate and extensive relation of the firm with the leading sources of supply enable them to put their customers upon the best possible terms, both as regards qualities and prices. The firm also control a large trade in gravel, stocks of which they hold in such varieties as best Jersey, best Glo’ster bright yellow, machine-made, and best Black Rock. They have likewise a large sale for the considerable stock which they always hold of beautiful spar for rockery work.

BETTY BROTHERS & CO., HAT MANUFACTURERS,
28 AND 30, VICTORIA STREET, BRISTOL.

AN important branch of local industry in Bristol is ably represented by the well-known firm of Messrs. Betty Brothers & Co., of 28 and 30, Victoria Street, the extensive and high-class hat manufacturers. The origin of this leading business goes back to the year 1868, at which date operations were commenced in Castle Green by Mr. Samuel Betty and Mr. William Francis Betty, who are still the sole proprietors and the active heads of the concern, being, however, materially assisted in their control by Mr. Betty junior, a son of Mr. Samuel Betty. Bringing to bear upon their undertaking a long, practical experience, the founders soon laid the foundation deep and broad of what has now become the most important business of its kind in the district. With the increase in the trade came the necessity for further accommodation, and a removal was made some ten or eleven years ago to the present eligible and convenient quarters.

These premises form an attractive point in one of the handsomest streets of the city. Externally, they are four storeys in height, with long and imposing frontage; internally, they possess every convenience of arrangement for the expeditious and successful control of the business on hand. The ground floor is occupied by a number of large warehouses, as well as by an elaborately appointed suite of general and private offices, accommodation being found here for a numerous staff of clerks. The basement, which is lofty and well lighted, is also used for warehouse purposes. The first and second floors contain the stock-rooms and show-rooms, in the latter of which is displayed what is without doubt the largest and most varied assortment of hats and caps to be met with anywhere in the provinces. The workshops are on the upper floor, and are fitted up with plant and appliances of the most improved and efficient kind, the equipment in its entirety evincing the liberal and progressive policy which animates the management of this responsible house. In the various departments employment is found for a considerable body of workpeople, and the visitor cannot fail to be impressed by the thoroughly systematic manner in which the business is carried on. Here is controlled a large and special trade in the manufacture of every description of hats and caps.

Messrs. Betty Brothers’ goods enjoy a high appreciation in the markets. In the excellence of the material and the perfect finish of the workmanship, they can challenge comparison with the productions of the best houses in the country, whilst the steady but constant increase going on in the demands shows without the shadow of a doubt that style and prices as well are giving every possible satisfaction. The leading novelty with the firm is their new improved silk hat, known as the “Pliable Consol.” These, in elegance of shape, ease of fit, and lightness — the hat weighs only four ounces — cannot be surpassed in the trade. The success of the “Pliable Consol” has been unprecedented, a desirable state of affairs that might have been justifiably anticipated seeing that to high excellence of quality and style it adds exceedingly moderate prices. In addition to silk hats the firm are turning out large quantities of livery hats, flexible felt hats in all the latest and many special shapes, clerical and college hats, and school, travelling, and smoking caps.

Of all these high-class goods extensive stocks are held, as well as of gents’ and ladies’ umbrellas, mackintoshes, waterproofs, boots and shoes, gents’ silk scarves, and linen fronts and collars. The connection of the house extends throughout the West of England, South Wales, the South Coast, and Midland counties, and a corps of five travellers is kept on the road pushing the interests of the firm in these parts. The proprietors are thoroughly practical men, and their constant supervision is bestowed upon the business in order to keep unimpaired the enviable reputation their house has so long enjoyed. As business men they are held in high estimation for the just and honourable methods that mark all their transactions, and in private and social life they are well known and respected for their generous services on behalf of the public good and their personal uprightness. Mr. Samuel Betty was for nine years an influential member of the St. George’s Local Board, but, owing to the increased demand made upon his time by his business, he has been reluctantly compelled to resign the position.
Telegraphic address: “Industria, Bristol.”

BURRIDGE & CO., PRODUCE BROKERS, &C.
1, LION CHAMBERS, BROAD STREET, BRISTOL.

THIS firm, of whose business the sole proprietor is Mr. J. W. Warry, was originally founded some fifteen years ago. It is now about twelve years since the constant increase in the volume of business transacted by the house rendered it advisable to remove to the more central quarters in Lion Chambers, Broad Street, which have since been occupied by the firm. Messrs. Burridge & Co. occupy a suite of well-appointed general and private offices, in which an efficient staff of clerks is employed, under the personal supervision of Mr. Warry, who gives his prompt attention to all matters of any importance in which the interests of the clients of the house are affected. The business of the firm consists for the most part in the importation, upon a large scale, of American and Canadian produce; and their imports have such a high reputation that they are recognised in the markets as representing standard qualities. Mr. Warry also imports a considerable amount of provisions from the continent of Europe. The business, it is hardly necessary to say, is entirely wholesale, and its value consists chiefly in the strong personal connection which Mr. Warry has created amongst the leading merchants in the city.

PERRY & CO., CARRIAGE MANUFACTURERS,
STOKES CROFT, BRISTOL.

THE largest space occupied by one firm in Stokes Croft is undoubtedly that covered by the well-known carriage-works of Messrs. Perry & Co., whose immense establishment extends over an area of nearly an acre and a half. This noted house was founded in 1804 by Messrs. T. & J. Perry, and is one of the oldest in the trade in the West of England. After some changes of title (though the name of Perry was always retained), the firm reverted to its original style of T. & J. Perry, and continued under that designation until Mr. S. G. Turner joined the partnership. The title of Perry & Co. was then adopted, Messrs. T. J. Perry and S. G. Turner being the principals, and since then there has been no change.

The total length of this extensive frontage is about one hundred feet, while the block attains an elevation of three storeys, with a loft or attic over all. On the ground floor there is a spacious show-room capable of holding from thirty to forty carriages, and this is fronted by four very large plate-glass doors, serving the double purpose of doors and windows. At the rear of this show-room are the offices, passing through which we reach a spacious square yard. A flight of steps here gives access to the body-making shop, where a carriage is first put into shape, the most difficult part of the art being to obtain the proper proportions in curving. Strength, lightness, and durability are also three great essentials, and in Messrs. Perry’s carriages all these qualities are combined with a rare degree of grace and elegance in design. The body-making shop is so arranged that six carriages can be in course of construction at one time, and a new vehicle is turned out here daily. The firm have lately turned out a brougham for Sir Joseph Weston, M.P., built of solid English ash, with panels in mahogany. The fitting-shop is on the ground floor, and it is here that the wheels and axles, springs, &c., are fitted to the body.

Passing on to the forge or smiths’ shop, we find the ironwork in progress. There are eight furnaces here, and the work is done by highly skilled and experienced workmen, the iron used being of the “B.B.H.” and other well-known brands. Another fitting-shop shows the finishing work in its various stages, and above this there is a drying loft for mahogany, white wood, birch, deal, walnut, and other woods. As an instance of the care taken to ensure the thorough seasoning of all wood used, some of the mahogany here has been in stock for twenty years. Outside this loft is a long flat roof used for the first process of drying the wood, which occupies about twelve months. The seasoning is then completed in the loft itself. Proceeding now through the well-kept boiler-house, we come to the wheelwrights’ shop, which is admirably equipped. A great improvement on the old-fashioned elm stock wheel is the light, strong, and elegant American “Warner” wheel, which has gained great favour in this country. Messrs. Perry & Co. use both types of wheels as customers may desire. Adjoining another finishing-room capable of dealing with about twenty carriages is the paint-shop, divided into two sections, one for wheelwork, &c., and one for bodywork. Behind this is the varnishing-shop. In the trimming-shop all upholstering and leather work is made and fitted. Beyond this lies a piece of ground which has lately been bought by the firm, and on it they have erected a store for felloes, stocks, and other wheel timber.

Messrs. Perry & Co. have probably the largest stock of dry wood in the West of England, and their yards contain great quantities of birch board, ash plank, &c., all in good seasoning. At the back of the premises abutting on Hepburn Road are several small rooms, used for reserve stocks of small articles, such as whip sockets, apron handles, cushion straps, lamps, &c. There are also supplies of cloth, carpets, indiarubber mats, and other requisites. Another room is used for storing the large stocks of oils and turpentine, and the firm keep very considerable quantities of paints and varnishes, all of the very best manufacture. In addition to the main show-room at the front, there is another one on the first floor, large enough for thirty or forty large carriages, and a third one at the front of the first floor similar in size to the one below. On the second floor is a fourth show-room, used for all descriptions of two-wheeled carriages, and behind this is a store-room for steel and hair, two very essential articles in carriage-building. All the show-rooms are served by a powerful lift for raising or lowering carriages. In its entirety the establishment of this old and well-known firm is one of the most perfectly organised carriage factories in existence, and, as a general rule, about sixty experienced workmen are employed in its various departments.

Messrs. Perry & Co., who have been awarded several prize medals, have a great reputation for their high-class work, all of which is executed on the premises under the most favourable conditions, the principals personally superintending every process. Steel is introduced wherever practicable, and the vehicles turned out are unsurpassed for strength, lightness, beauty, and fine finish. From a four-in-hand drag of the most ample dimensions to the neatest and prettiest of basket wagonette carts, every kind of vehicle in modern use for light driving purposes is made by this firm, and a uniform standard of high excellence is maintained in them all. Messrs. Perry & Co. let carriages for any term, and also sell on the redemption principle. They execute repairs of all kinds, and fit lever breaks to cee-spring and other carriages on the most approved plan. They are also agents for the Anthonis patent indiarubber axle bearings, for preventing jar and vibration over bad roads. Altogether the business is a very extensive one, and is the oldest of its kind in Bristol. It is managed with great ability and judgment, and is well known as a thoroughly representative and reliable concern, enjoying the support and confidence of a wide and influential connection.

MESSRS. SLOPER & CO., MANUFACTURERS OF TOBACCOS, CIGARS, AND CIGARETTES, AND IMPORTERS OF TOBACCONISTS’ FANCY GOODS,
WEST STREET, BRISTOL.

FEW articles are better known in the West of England than the “Ally Sloper” brand of cigars, cigarettes, and tobaccos. These popular productions are manufactured by the old-established firm of Messrs. Sloper & Co., whose premises are situate in West Street. The business was originated about a quarter of a century ago by Mr. George Sloper, and was developed by him with considerable energy and success. It came into the possession of the present proprietor, Mr. R. G. Parker, many years ago, and under his experienced and able control a position of prominence has been secured among the leading houses engaged in the tobacco and cigar trade. Large and commodious premises are occupied, consisting of a block of buildings, three storeys high, comprising a well-appointed sale-room and several spacious warehouses, with factory at the rear. The latter is capitally well arranged for the business on hand, and has been fitted up with modern plant and appliances. Employment is found for a force of skilled hands, and every department is particularly noteworthy for the order and neatness prevailing therein. An extensive business is being done, the articles manufactured being recognised among the trade and the community at large as of superior and reliable quality and excellent value for money.

The speciality of the house, the “Ally Sloper” brand, is in great and ever-increasing demand. More than a ton of this famous tobacco is sold every month, while the cigars manufactured total up to more than a million in the course of a year. The cigars and cigarettes are made from the choicest blends of tobacco, and in delicacy of flavour, fragrance, and perfect workmanship cannot readily be surpassed. The originator of this firm was in no wise connected with the potentate who roles at the “Sloperies, London,” and issues the celebrated “Sloper's Half-Holiday.” Mr. George Sloper was the first in the field, and the excellence of his goods has been generously recognised by his illustrious namesake, who has granted to them the “Sloper Award of Merit.” Various kinds of loose, packet, and rolled tobaccos are manufactured by the firm, all of which find much appreciation among the votaries of the fragrant weed. Extensive stocks of the goods manufactured are held, and orders of any magnitude are promptly and satisfactorily filled. The house holds also well-selected supplies of every description of tobacconists’ sundries and fancy goods, obtained from the best sources of supply at home and abroad. The principal lines are briar-root pipes of the latest style, meerschaum pipes in various shapes and at various prices, cigar and cigarette tubes, and pouches.

Mr. Parker’s experience in the trade has been of the soundest character. He gives the business the valuable benefit of his close personal supervision, and he is unremitting in his endeavours to keep up the reputation his house enjoys. He is just now busily occupied in bringing out a new catalogue, which is to include everything manufactured or handled by him, and to be profusely illustrated. Mr. Parker is well known in trade circles for his fair and honourable methods of transacting business, and he merits, as he receives, the respect of all who know him, whether in the way of business or in private life.

PHILLIPS, HOSKINS & CO., SOAP MANUFACTURERS,
FROME BRIDGE SOAP WORKS, BRISTOL.

MESSRS. Phillips, Hoskins & Co., though a comparatively young firm (having been established in 1882), have advanced very rapidly in this trade by the energy of their methods and the excellence of their products, and at the present day they control a large and flourishing business. The works are most systematically arranged and efficiently equipped throughout, the firm showing a lively appreciation of the value of improved modern appliances. Every process is carried on under the most favourable conditions, and a large number of hands are employed therein. The raw materials are imported direct from the best sources of supply, and the soaps produced are sent to every quarter of the globe. By maintaining a high standard of purity in their goods, and using only the best ingredients, Messrs. Phillips, Hoskins & Co. have acquired an eminent reputation in the trade, and their soaps are in great demand in consequence of their well-proved reliability. There are several specialities with which the name of this house is creditably identified. These are protected under the Registered Trade Marks Act, and include “Mother’s Help” washer, the “Acme” cold water and “ Tartan” dry soaps, and the “Lighthouse” metal and polishing cleanser, all of which are superior articles, equally economical and efficacious. Hard soaps of every description are made.by this firm, and so also are various kinds of manufacturers’ soaps, chiefly for scouring wools, &c. High-class toilet soaps, soap powders, and extracts are produced in great variety, and a separate department of the works is equipped for the production of glycerine. In this latter department the firm obtain a large output by employing the best scientific methods of manufacture. All the affairs of the business are under the personal supervision of the principals, Mr. Sydney George Phillips and Mr. Walter Case Hoskins, two gentlemen of large experience in the trade and high qualifications as practical business men, who enjoy the support and confidence of a widespread connection in the home and export markets, the continuous increase of which bears witness to the almost world-wide demand existing for their reliable manufactures.

MESSRS. WILLIAM COWLIN & SON, BUILDERS, CONTRACTORS, DECORATORS,
STRATTON STREET, BRISTOL.

THE members of this famous firm, in the present day, are Messrs. W. H. and F. N. Cowlin, whose grandfather founded it in 1834. In 1864 it came into the hands of the father of the present proprietors, and, on his decease, it passed to his two sons. Each of these gentlemen enjoyed the advantage of receiving a special technical training in certain branches of the business, so that their combined knowledge and experience enable them to supervise the execution of every variety of contracts with thorough control of details. The business of the firm was originally conducted in Milk Street, and the rapid growth of its importance necessitated successive changes, first to Brunswick Square and York Street, and, subsequently, to the commodious premises now occupied in Stratton Street, which, in their extent, are commensurate with the enormous proportions to which the business has now attained. Here two spacious yards were purchased and the present offices and works built. The premises have a commanding frontage to Stratton Street, and extend right through to Meadow Street. They comprise a large two-storeyed stone building, the front portion of which is occupied by a suite of well-appointed general and private offices. The carpenters’ and joiners’ shops are at the rear, with spacious yards adjoining, in which are stocked great stores of building materials and appliances of all sorts. The industrial departments have been provided with all the requisite mechanical appliances of the most approved modern type which intelligent experience could suggest and which a judicious expenditure of capital could command.

So excellent is the working plant that the firm are enabled to effect material savings in labour and other items of expenditure in production, so as to compete, upon the most favourable terms, with the leading contracting firms in the United Kingdom. In the carpenters’ shop a large staff of highly skilled workmen are constantly engaged in making window sashes, frames, doors, and other requisites for building operations. The firm undertake contracts, not only for building, but for plumbing, glazing, painting, decorating, and all the other processes requisite to complete an edifice, and they have gained the highest reputation for the speedy and efficient manner in which they perform their work in all these departments. These results are achieved by the careful selection of expert artificers, the invariable excellence of the materials used, and the fact that all the operations are carried on under the supervision of the principals, who naturally feel a pride in maintaining the prestige and preserving all the best traditions of the firm. In their decorative work they have acted as pioneers for the trade of the West of England in the practical application of that great aesthetic revival which has done so much to improve both the exteriors and the interiors of English buildings during the last quarter of a century; while their sanitary operations are conducted in accordance with the canons of the most advanced teachers of hygienic science. A large and valuable connection is steadily maintained in Bristol and the immediate neighbourhood, while an equal amount of work is done in other parts of the country. As a natural consequence of the wide knowledge possessed by the principals of the value of real property, they are constantly called upon to discharge most important functions as valuers and arbitrators.

Amongst the important works which the firm have recently completed may be mentioned Lady Haberfield’s Almshouses at Hotwells, which are very elaborate; the Bristol Dock Offices in Queen Square, these being a wonderfully beautiful example of artistic work, both externally and internally; new buildings for Messrs. Baker, Baker & Co., and for Messrs. Jones & Co. in Wine Street; the Capital and Counties Bank in Clare Street; the restoration of the Mayor’s Chapel; Christ Church in Sneyd Park; and St. George’s Church at St. George’s,and are now engaged in the work of the restoration of the Bristol Cathedral. The history of the whole career of Messrs. William Cowlin & Son, who, it should be added, are contractors to Her Majesty’s Office of Works, is a record of constant progress and notable success, which has been fully deserved by the ability and intelligent enterprise of the founders and their successors. Mr. W. H. Cowlin, notwithstanding the heavy demands made upon his attention by the complicated details of the business, finds time and energy to render Valuable services to the public as a Guardian of the Poor for St. James’s Parish.

J. P. STURGE & SONS, SURVEYORS AND LAND AGENTS,
34, CORN STREET, BRISTOL.

THIS old-established firm was founded more than a century ago, and was for many years located in Broad Street, but in the year 1869 they removed to the more extensive and commodious premises now occupied at 34, Corn Street. Messrs. Sturge & Sons here occupy a spacious suite of handsomely appointed offices, with an efficient staff of draughtsmen and assistants. The firm have an extensive old-established connection in the West of England and South Wales. As land and estate agents they have the Charge and management of a large extent of valuable property, Mr. William Sturge, the senior partner, being land steward to the Corporation of Bristol, and Mr. Robert F. Sturge having under his care the extensive landed estates of the Bristol Municipal Charities, and their clientele is numerous and influential. The partnership consists of three brothers — Mr. William Sturge, a past president of the Surveyors’ Institution, London; Mr. Robert F. Sturge, a fellow of that institution; and Mr. Walter Sturge, all of whom take an active part in the business.

BRAIN & BRYANT, WHOLESALE AND EXPORT BOOT AND SHOE MANUFACTURERS,
CLOUDS HILL BOOT FACTORY, ST. GEORGE, BRISTOL.

THE rapidly increasing importance of the wholesale and export boot and shoe manufacturing industry in the Bristol district received a material accession in 1889 when Messrs. F. Brain and G. T. Bryant established their business under the style and title of Brain & Bryant. Each of these gentlemen brought to the enterprise a large measure of sound technical knowledge, with an exceptional degree of commercial aptitude; and these qualifications have enabled them to assume a position of honourable prominence in the trade. This was notably emphasised at the recent (1892) Leather Trade Exhibition in London. There they succeeded in obtaining the highest award for manufacturing, and also two certificates for merit. Their exhibits consisted of two pairs of boots only; and with these they gained three prizes — a first and a certificate for one pair, and a certificate for the other. It should be added that this public testimony to the merits of Messrs. Brain & Bryant’s productions is but the endorsement of the verdict which had previously been pronounced by a large and ever-increasing circle of customers. The premises which the firm occupy, and which are known as the Clouds Hill Boot Factory, are very commodious, and have been admirably arranged to suit the several requirements of a large and growing manufacturing business. There is a suite of well-appointed general and private offices, which are provided with all the requisites for the expedition of the large amount of clerical work necessitated by the transactions of the firm. In the handsome showrooms are examples of the varied productions of the firm, and the warehouses are ample enough to permit of the carefully systematic arrangement of the heavy stocks which are always held in readiness for all demands. The industrial departments are fitted up throughout with all the mechanical appliances of the most approved modern type. The firm are thus enabled to compete with the leading houses in the country, in reference to the prices as well as the quality of the work they produce. All the departments are under the careful supervision of the principals, who are able personally to guarantee the excellence of all goods leaving the premises. Messrs. Brain & Bryant have a valuable and growing connection, which extends all over the United Kingdom, and especially in Scotland and Ireland.

SAVILLE, EWENS & CO., ISINGLASS IMPORTERS, FININGS MANUFACTURERS, AND BREWERS’ SUNDRYMEN,
ALBERT WORKS, BEDMINSTER, BRISTOL.
MANAGER, MR. H. C. EWENS.

THIS admirably organised and vigorously conducted business was established in 1867. It was originally carried on in St. John’s Lane, but the rapidly increasing connection of the firm led to the necessity of building the present commodious premises, which were opened in 1878, having in all their internal arrangements been admirably adapted to the requirements of the trade. They include six distinct departments, all of which are distinguished by the completeness of their appointments and equipment. The isinglass works are conveniently housed in a double-roofed building, and are fitted with the necessary mechanical appliances, driven by steam. Another factory is devoted to the production, in very large quantities, of “Magic Finings,” of which Messrs. Saville, Ewens & Co. are the sole patentees. Again, a four-storeyed building, called the Tower, is used for the manufacture of bisilphite of lime, the output of which is very considerable. In yet another building is produced a patent and perfect preservative for beers and porter. There are, likewise, selenite works, which are fitted with large rollers and mills, driven by steam power. Finally, there is a sufficiency of well-appointed stabling, and an ample yard for the storage of casks, &c. The suite of general and private offices is well appointed with all the appliances for the speedy despatch of the considerable amount of clerical work necessitated by the numerous and important transactions of the firm, which extend to all parts of the United Kingdom.

The Bristol works of the firm are under the management of Mr. H. C. Ewens, to whose thorough technical knowledge of the several manufacturing processes and exceptional business aptitude the commercial prosperity of the house is largely due. There are branches of the business at St. Ann’s Steam Works, Stamford Hill, London; at the Clarendon Brewery Works, Oxford Street, Manchester; and at the Victoria Works, Barford Street, Birmingham. There is an enormous and increasing demand in all parts of the world for Ewens’s “Magic Finings,” which, as is proved by numberless testimonials, possesses the following amongst other advantages:— This fining renders a barrel of beer brilliant in one hour. It has been done in twenty minutes. It collects all feculent matters into a body combined with itself. Beer fined with it keeps twice as long as it would have done if fined with isinglass, because the skin forms a natural protection from the atmosphere. Stooping a cask does not break the skin, and if broken up it never mixes with the beer twice, but breaks into solid pieces. It is far cheaper than finings made from isinglass, because the first cost is no more, and it saves all waste. Finally, it is absolutely free from any injurious chemical agent.

Mr. G. W. Ewens, of Percy Hall, Bedminster, who, with Mr. H. C. Ewens, is a member of the firm, is a member of the local Board of Guardians, and of the Bristol Corporation. Writing with a trenchant and fluent pen, he has published much matter which is deeply interesting to all who are affected by the licensing laws “in esse” and “in posse.” His “Straight Tips to Brewers on Sundry Matters, Political, Commercial, Useful, and Practical,” is a smart little brochure, which ought to be in the hands of all who are connected with the trade.

F. R. JORDAN, GENERAL AND COMMERCIAL PRINTER, STATIONER, &C.,
115, REDCLIFFE STREET, BRISTOL.

ORGANISED in the year 1887 by its present able and energetic proprietor, the commercial development of the concern has been both rapid and continuous from the very commencement. The premises occupied comprise a handsomely appointed suite of offices and commodious warehouses, with large and elaborately equipped printing works, replete with all the most modern improved gas- engine-driven machinery, treadle machines, presses, and appliances, calling into requisition the services of a selected body of skilled and experienced hands, whose labours are capably superintended by Mr. Jordan in propria persona. While operating on an extensive scale as a provider of all manner of plain, commercial, and fancy stationery, and stationers’ sundries, Mr. Jordan’s principal business lies in the printing department, and here he has won a widespread and well-merited renown for the accuracy, clearness of impression, and artistic beauty of his typographical work, specimens of which are effectively displayed in the office show window. Mr. Jordan undertakes the printing of all manner of letterpress, commercial, and job work, using none but new type of great beauty, and among his most recent innovations in this connection, special mention must be made, in this place of his latest development in type-writing, whereby the results obtained are far clearer, neater, and better in every respect than those done by the old transfer process, while any number of copies can be produced cheaper and quicker than by any other known system in vogue. The connections of the house are of the most valuable and influential character, its name being favourably known throughout the city and its surroundings, and the business in every detail is directed with all the ability and enterprise that have been so strongly instrumental in establishing its position and assuring its substantial prosperity.

MAY & HASSELL, TIMBER, MAHOGANY, AND SLATE MERCHANTS,
CHIEF OFFICES: CUMBERLAND ROAD, BRISTOL.

THIS eminent firm represents all the best traditions of their predecessors, the old-established house of Messrs. John Salmon & Co., which again was preceded by that Messrs. Sheppard & Salmon, whose records take us back farther than that of any firm engaged in the timber trade in Bristol. Messrs. May & Hassell have the credit of having developed the nucleus of the excellent connection created by their predecessors to the greatly enlarged proportions which their business has now assumed. Mr. Thomas F. C. May, who is the senior partner of the firm, dates back his introduction to the timber trade to 1844, when for seven years he was engaged in thoroughly mastering the details of the business in a retail yard. With much zeal and with the enthusiastic energy which has since characterised the whole of his business career, he began, at the early age of sixteen, to travel with very considerable success, his method of locomotion being, as was then not unusual, horseback. In 1851 he secured a responsible situation with a timber importer, and for seven years more obtained considerable experience in the office and in travelling. Ultimately, in the year 1858, in conjunction with Mr. Robert Hassell, he commenced business on his own account in Bristol. In 1890 his much-esteemed partner, Mr. Robert Hassell, after thirty-two years of successful commercial life, retired, and Mr. May, with unabated energy and application, now carries on the business in conjunction with his two sons, Mr. Arthur C. May, and Mr. E. Howard May, as partners, these gentlemen having for many years been connected with him in business, and possessing a thorough technical knowledge of the trade.

During the years which have elapsed since Messrs. May & Hassell first established their firm the business has very notably expanded, and some idea of the magnitude of the operations of the house may be gathered from the extent of their commercial head-quarters in Cumberland Road, Bristol. They comprise a large timber yard, covering about four acres, with, on the one side, a fine frontage to the River Avon, and one on the other side to the floating harbour. The yard is stocked with enormous quantities of foreign timber, imported chiefly from the Baltic and from America. Adjoining the yard is a suite of handsomely appointed general and private offices. An efficient staff of experienced clerks is engaged. The registered telegraphic address of the firm is: “Whitewood, Bristol,” London, West Hartlepool, and Poole.

In 1863 the house opened a branch at West Hartlepool, and in 1866 another at Poole, Dorset. In 1876 they lengthened their cords, and strengthened their stakes by establishing a well equipped branch in London, with a depot for mahogany at Liverpool, and one for slates at Mold Junction. As a result of these different branches having been carefully selected in reference to their geographical position, the firm are now efficiently represented, with the aid of their large staff of experienced travellers, in nearly every county in England and Wales. Their depots for general timber are to be found at Bristol, London, West Hartlepool, and Poole; those for mahogany at Bristol, London, West Hartlepool, Liverpool, and Poole; and those for slates at Bristol, Poole, and Mold Junction, the yard at Poole occupying an area of four acres, being well covered with capacious sheds, whereby they are enabled to supply dry goods in bright condition.

Mr. Thomas F. C. May and his sons are personally well known and are held in the highest estimation in the timber trade throughout all parts of the country. The senior partner is a devoted member of the Wesleyan Church, every office of which, accessible to laymen, he has filled, and though repeatedly solicited to become a candidate for Parliamentary and municipal honours, he has uniformly declined, alleging, with perfect justice, that his church and his business occupy the whole of his time.

OCTAVIUS HUNT, MANUFACTURER OF SAFETY, PARAFFIN, AND VESUVIAN MATCHES,
MOORFIELDS, BRISTOL.

MR. OCTAVIUS HUNT, who is the energetic and enterprising proprietor of the large match factory which is situated at Moorfields, Bristol, rightly appeals to his countrymen and countrywomen to support British labour by using his guaranteed English-made matches, and he pertinently asks the question — “Why buy foreign goods when thousands of English men and women are in want of employment?” That many more of them might be employed, with profit to themselves, and with advantage to the community, in the industry of match-making by the enlargement of such an establishment as Mr. Hunt’s works, will suggest itself to the mind of every visitor to that establishment. The business of match manufacture was first begun here in 1870 by Mr. Harris in one or two cottages, which are now used, along with other and more important buildings, by Mr. Hunt. Mr. Harris manufactured paraffin matches only, but the experiment did not prove profitable, and after a trial of about two years it was given up. After various vicissitudes the business came into the hands of Mr. C. Denning, who carried on the manufactory for two or three years. Eventually, in April 1878, Mr. H. Wilmot bought the business, and after conducting it for a year he was joined by Mr. Octavius Hunt. They worked together for twelve months, but finding that the trade, in its then comparatively undeveloped condition, was not adequate to the requirements of two principals, Mr. Wilmot retired. Since 1879, therefore, Mr. Hunt has alone carried on the industry, and his thorough technical knowledge of the requirements of the trade, together with his energy and commercial aptitude, has enabled him to achieve such success that for years back the history of the establishment has been a record of continual developments, improvements, and additions.

Mr. Hunt began operations with two cottages and a couple of sheds only, and now the business has so increased that the premises cover about an acre of ground. Before Mr. Wilmot severed his partnership with Mr. Hunt, he introduced the “safety” match, and jointly they brought out the “flaming” fusee. Mr. Hunt, however, has perfected the first-named match, and there is now none in the trade to surpass it. Some years subsequently Mr. Hunt introduced the vesuvian fusee, for which there has ever since been a great demand. Not long after Mr. Wilmot left the business, Mr. Hunt doubled the extent of his premises at Moorfields, and as the trade developed so has he increased the accommodation. He has added a fireproof drying-room to the factory, and bought land opposite upon which he has erected spacious store-rooms. Still more recently a very large drying-room for summer use has been erected. In winter, it must be understood, the drying-rooms have to be artificially heated, but in summer the goods are placed in the new room, which is so built as to afford a constant current of air.

A large number of hands are daily employed at the Moorfields factory, whilst hundreds likewise gain a livelihood from the industry in making boxes for the matches. The “skillets” which constitute the framework of the boxes, the coloured paper, labels, &c., are supplied by Mr. Hunt, and are made up at the homes of the boxmakers. Throughout the whole of the industrial departments, the arrangements and the appliances provided are so complete as to effect the greatest possible economy in labour, and the firm is, therefore, able to compete, in prices as well as in value, with the most eminent houses engaged in the trade. Mr. Hunt has very successfully made a speciality of his “A 1” safety match, for which there is a very large demand. Amongst Ids special productions may be mentioned the “Star” brand, “Grenadier,” “Cricket,” “Sunflower,” “Fairy,” &c., and all sorts of flamers and fusees, braided and otherwise. He now controls a very large and increasing trade, which is, of course, entirely wholesale, all over the West of England and South Wales, with a large export business to Ireland.

BROMHEAD & SON, WHOLESALE IRONMONGERS AND HARDWARE FACTORS, STOVE AND RANGE MANUFACTURERS,
MILK STREET, BRISTOL.

ORGANISED as far back as seventy years ago, the commercial development of this representative ironmongery establishment has been both rapid and continuous. Eligibly located in Milk Street, the vast premises comprise a spacious show-room, commodious warehouses, and elaborately equipped works. Household, furnishing, builders’, and cabinetmakers’ ironmongery, gas and hot-water fittings, cutlery and electro-plated wares, specialities in the firm’s own stoves and grates, ranges, and kitcheners, chimney-pieces in vast variety, tools for all trades, agricultural and garden implements, and every conceivable article incidental to the trade are exhaustively represented at their very best, and are in all cases derived from the leading makers and markets of the day. In the executive department the firm employ a large staff of skilled and experienced craftsmen for the production of the stoves, ranges, grates, &c., with which their name has become so creditably identified, and they, moreover, operate in every branch of repairs work, gasfitting, tin, iron, and copper smithery, bell-hanging, and the like. Messrs. Bromhead & Son’s connections and facilities are of a distinctly superior character, enabling them to offer special advantages to the trade as well as to private customers, and to execute all orders in a prompt and satisfactory manner. They are well known and highly esteemed in commercial circles as enter-, prising, honourable, and thoroughly capable business men, liberal and lair in all transactions, and well deserving of the substantial success they are achieving.

SAMUEL BEVAN, WHOLESALE AND EXPORT BOOT MANUFACTURER,
HANHAM, NEAR BRISTOL.

THE recent marvellous development of the wholesale boot and shoe manufacturing industry in the Bristol district has largely invaded the pretty village of Hanham. In this quarter the pioneer of the industry was Mr. Samuel Bevan, who twenty years ago founded the Hanham Boot Factory, the business of which, enormously extended as it is, he continues to control. The factory comprises a commodious three-storeyed block of building, the ground floor of which is occupied as the press-room, the rounding and finishing shop, and the giving-out department. Here also is a six horse-power “Otto” gas-engine, which drives the whole of the machinery. On the first floor is a suite of well-appointed general and private offices. On this floor, also, are the packing-rooms and the clicking-shop, while the top floor is used exclusively as a stock-room. Here are always to be seen many thousands of pairs of boots and shoes made to order, only awaiting the advice for delivery. In every respect all these goods are equally praiseworthy. The quality of material employed, the style and general get-up, and the character of the workmanship are all that can possibly be desired. The whole of the factory has been arranged and fitted up with the latest sanitary arrangements, and the building has been rendered perfectly healthy by a system of thorough ventilation. The machinery is throughout of the most approved modern type, and includes such special appliances as Ley’s pegging, and Gare’s slugging machines. The economy of labour thus effected is very considerable, and enables the firm to compete to advantage with any other first-class house in the trade. The lead, in point of time, which was taken by the Hanham Boot Factory has been held ever since, and the factory continues to fully hold its own, and to command the attention and support of boot buyers. Mr. Bevan, indeed, has been recently compelled to further enlarge his premises, and to that end has purchased a large plot of land adjacent. The productions of the house include medium and light goods for women and girls, and every description of men’s heavy boots, plain-bottomed and hob-nailed. But the firm is probably without a rival as manufacturers of boots for navvies and colliers. For such boots there is an enormous sale at the principal railway centres. In addition to his enormous home trade Mr. Bevan controls a large and increasing export business. About four hundred skilled workpeople are regularly in the employ of the firm.

WILLIAM G. LEWIS, BUILDERS’ MERCHANT,
CLIFTON VALE, BRISTOL.

THE Bristol district, which has gained a reputation, extending far beyond its own limits, for the increasing importance of the building and contracting operations of which it is the centre, is necessarily the scene of great activity in the business of importing and distributing building materials. To this trade an extensive and useful accession was made in 1892, when Mr. William G. Lewis began business as a builders’ merchant in Clifton Vale. The premises, which are occupied in conjunction with Mr. Thomas R. Lewis, builder and contractor, are commodious enough for the requirements of both the businesses. There is a suite of well-appointed general and private offices, with all the requisites for the prompt dispatch of a large amount of correspondence. The commodious stock-yard is ample enough to permit of a carefully systematic classification of the large quantities which are always kept of the best qualities of such commodities as drain-pipes, cement, plaster, ceiling laths, and every other requisite for the building trade. Mr. Lewis’s relations with many of the principal sources of production for such articles are so intimate that he is able to serve his customers under the best possible conditions, and he supplies goods in large or small quantities at city prices to a large and increasing circle of builders and repairers of property in his own neighbourhood.

FREDERICK BLIGH BOND, ARCHITECT,
86, CORN STREET, BRISTOL.

MR. F. BLIGH BOND began his independent practice in 1888. But he brought to the task which he then undertook a rich fund of professional experience, gained in some of the best of all possible school. Since 1886 he had been in partnership with that eminent and scholarly architect, the late Mr. C. F. Hansom, who was the author, in his professional capacity, of Clifton and of Malvern Colleges, and who produced many other lasting records of his ability in dealing with important scholastic buildings. Mr. Bond was also for some time a pupil of Sir Arthur Blomfield. The atelier of an artist is always interesting, and Mr. Bond’s quarters at 36, Corn Street are worthy of special notice on account of their admirable adaptation to the nature of his work. The general and private offices are appointed in a style of comfortable utility which is in harmony with the work of their occupants, the drawing office, in particular, being provided with all the best modern appliances for economising energy. Mr. Bond’s principal works include the Board schools at Easton Road, Ashton Gate, and Barleyfields, Bristol; the beautiful tower of Clifton College (the latter design in conjunction with Mr. Hansom); also the new Medical School and the Engineering School of the Bristol University College; Tavistock New Grammar School, &c. To this brief list might be added many ecclesiastical and domestic works which have been successfully carried out in the Western Counties. For although, by force of circumstances, most of Mr. Bond’s work has been in a constrainedly technical sense academical, yet his professional spirit is catholic, and his gifts are versatile.

STEPHENS & EYRE, WHOLESALE AND MANUFACTURING STATIONERS AND PRINTERS, &C.,
NARROW WINE STREET AND CASTLE GREEN, BRISTOL.

THIS large and prosperous business is of no mushroom growth. The house was founded in 1832 by Mr. Thomas Cross, from whose hands it descended to those of Messrs. Workman & Co. In 1864 Messrs. Stephens & Hookins became the principals, Mr. Stephens becoming sole proprietor in 1885, while in 1886 the style and title of the firm finally became Stephens & Eyre. The premises in Narrow Wine Street are constructed in fluted and other ornamental terra-cotta brick with stone facings, presenting facades of considerable architectural importance to the thoroughfare. The buildings are four storeys in height. In the records of the numerous alterations and extensions which have been necessitated by the constant increase in the volume of business, a notable incident took place in November, 1890, when a fire occurred in the premises, which then comprised a block of very old buildings, extending backwards to Fairfax Street. The premises were completely destroyed, and with them a large quantity of valuable plant and stock. A commodious brick building with ornate front now occupies the site, extending as formerly to Fairfax Street, where stands the engine, a horizontal one, which supplies the motive power for the machinery in the various departments. The basement and likewise the ground floors of this and adjoining older buildings are, for the most part, fitted with litho and letterpress printing machines of the most approved modern type, so that the firm are able to execute all their work under the best conditions, and at the least possible cost of time and labour. Enormous stocks of stationery, especially suited to the grocery and drapery trades, monopolise the first floors, and the second floors are appropriated to the composing and bookbinding departments, the latter overflowing into the third floor. The fourth is principally devoted to machine-ruling. The rear of the older premises is chiefly occupied by cutting and other machines, also driven by steam-power.

The Castle Green premises were taken over about two years since, and comprise a well-appointed four-storeyed factory which is entirely devoted to the manufacture of paper-bags suitable to all trades. The machinery here is of the best kind, and is driven by a gas-engine of the most recent construction. The basement is chiefly devoted to the storage of raw material, the first floor being used for stock. The remainder of the building is devoted entirely to the manufacture of the goods; these, being all hand-made, are thoroughly reliable. Goods are conveyed to the different floors by a model hoist, erected by the well-known firm of Pickering, Limited, of Stockton. Some seventy hands are employed at this factory alone, and the firm have availed themselves of every means of comfort in the way of heating, sanitary appliances, &c. Like their other departments this is well arranged and systematic in every particular. The connection of the firm extends over a wide area, and is maintained by the exertions of nine travelling representatives, three of whom are continually at work in the city itself. The efforts of these gentlemen to extend the area of the firm’s operations are much facilitated by the high reputation in which their goods are everywhere held, and by the very moderate rates at which they are quoted.

DANIEL PARSLEY & SON, HAT MANUFACTURERS,
20, CLARE STREET, BRISTOL.

IN connection with the important industry of hat manufacture, which has attained such a high state of perfection since it was first introduced into this country by Spaniards in the sixteenth century, there are few English firms so widely and favourably known as that of Messrs. Daniel Parsley & Son, of Bristol. This old-established and representative house originated as far back as the year 1854, the founder being Mr. Daniel Parsley. That gentleman was subsequently joined by his son, Mr. H. Parsley, under the style of Daniel Parsley & Son. Mr. H. Parsley is now the sole principal of the house, and under his able administration it more than maintains its prominent position and high repute. The establishment is admirably arranged, and the work-rooms are equipped in such a manner as to enable the various processes of “hatting” to be carried on under the most favourable conditions. It may here be mentioned that all the silk hats sold are made on the premises, as also are the beaver-felt stalkers, these latter bearing the registered trade-mark of the firm. Messrs. Parsley employ only the beet workpeople, and it may truly be said that they have made their industry equal to an art, so careful has been their study of all its details, and so successful their endeavours to produce hats that are not only excellent in quality and workmanship, but also elegant and becoming in appearance. By the use of the “easy-fitting” apparatus this firm make their hats to perfectly fit the customer’s head, and the model thus obtained is kept for future use. Considering the care and skill they bestow upon the execution of all orders, and the unvarying satisfaction given by their hats, it is not to be wondered at that Messrs. Daniel Parsley & Son enjoy a national reputation, and have a connection extending all over the Kingdom, and also abroad. Nearly as large a number of hats are sent out of Bristol by this firm as are sold at their shop in the City, many of their old customers continuing their regular patronage, though they have long since left Bristol. Messrs. Parsley’s plan of keeping models of all hats made is obviously of great service in such cases, since a customer living at a distance has only to order a hat “as before” to ensure a perfect fit. This high-class business is conducted with conspicuous skill and judgment by its present esteemed proprietor, and continues as of old to enjoy the most distinguished patronage, the arms of the Royal Family, the Prince of Wales’s feathers, and the arms of the Duke of Beaufort being displayed outside the well-known establishment in Clare Street as evidence of this fact.

AUSTIN & OATES, SPECIALISTS IN ECCLESIASTICAL FURNITURE AND DECORATIONS,, BOOKSELLERS, STATIONERS, PRINTERS, AND FANCY GOODS IMPORTERS,
41, 43, AND 45, PARK STREET, BRISTOL.

THE history of this old-established and widely-known house dates from the year 1850, when it originated at No. 9 (now altered to No. 41), Park Street, and about thirty years ago Mr. Thomas Aloysius Oates, a gentleman who had previously distinguished himself in educational work, joined the firm, of which he is now the respected head. In 1882 the adjoining premises, known as “Ye House of Hannah More,” of deathless fame in the literature of England, was acquired by the firm, and added to their establishment. The house was specially built by the gifted authoress for her boarding school, which she conducted from 1773 to 1793, and it was from this house that her numerous works were written and published. This interesting remnant of old Bristol is still maintained in part as one of the popular “show places” of the city, for here, in a large room above the ground floor, a capital picture-gallery is open, the apartment being specially interesting from the fact that within its walls Lord Macaulay, Dean Stanley, and other celebrities of a generation ago used to meet for friendly intercourse.

Messrs, Austin & Oates’ premises now, therefore, comprise Nos. 41, 43, and 45, Park Street, and are handsomely appointed throughout in the best modern style, forming one of the largest and most conveniently arranged establishments of the kind in the provinces. No. 41 is utilised as a show-room for church furniture, brasswork, and general ecclesiastical fittings and decorations, and this department may be regarded as the leading feature of the firm’s large and comprehensive business. For high-class church fittings Messrs. Austin & Oates rank among the leading firms out of London, and they show a splendid assortment of carved woodwork for ecclesiastical purposes, this being one of their principal specialities. Nos. 43 and 45, Park Street are devoted to the display and sale of Swiss carvings and other imported fancy articles and artistic goods generally, such as Bohemian glass and Dresden paintings; photographs and pictures, including the unique colour photographs published by the Photochrom Company, of Zurich, for which a gold medal was awarded at the Paris Exhibition of 1889; also English terra-cotta ware, painted plaques, statuary, fine art requisites, picture- frames of every description, all kinds of stationery and stationer’s sundries, and a particularly comprehensive series of books in every branch of literature. The speciality in this last-named department consists in church publications and religious works relating to the Catholic faith.

A more strictly utilitarian feature of the business is a registry for domestic servants, which supplies a great want in this neighbourhood. Mr. T. A. Oates, who personally supervises the entire business, is ably assisted in the various departments by members of his family, and notably by his accomplished daughters, who give lessons in crystoleum painting, and in canvasine, Kartaline, Japanese metallicon, barbatina, and tapestry painting, carving in all its branches, and other technical arts. The firm, moreover, undertake all descriptions of printing and bookbinding, and turn out very superior work at moderate prices. The utmost care and attention are devoted to the orders of patrons, from whatsoever part of the world they may come, and no trouble is spared to give every possible satisfaction. At the present day his house enjoys exceptional resources and advantages in the trade it exemplifies, while it possesses the favour and confidence of an influential connection which extends to almost all parts of the world.

T. GRIFFITHS, CURRIER AND LEATHER-DRESSER,
FROME BRIDGE TANNERY, BRISTOL.

MR. GRIFFITHS’S connection with the currying trade has been of a long and valuable character, he having commenced business in London more than twenty years ago. After a successful career in the metropolis, he removed to Bristol in 1884, and took possession of the works of which he is now sole owner and proprietor. Conversant with the trade in all its branches, he has all along conducted the concern with notable ability, and has succeeded in developing one of the most important concerns of the kind in the West of England. The premises occupied cover an area of over an acre of ground, and comprise large three-storey buildings, various shops, and everything necessary for conducting a large business successfully. The equipment embraces machinery and appliances of the latest and most improved kind, including rolling plant and leather-dressing machinery. The motive power is supplied by two of Crossley’s gas engines of twelve and nine horsepower respectively, and an eight horse-power steam engine. Employment is found for a force of upwards of forty skilled hands, and every department is under the immediate supervision of competent managers.

The articles here produced have gained a good name among buyers, and are looked upon as standard goods. The hides and skins are procured from the best sources of supply, and every process, of preparation and manufacture is carried out on the most scientific and approved principles. Mr. Griffiths is at the present time occupied in still further enlarging his premises and facilities, in order to keep pace with the orders. He was the first to introduce the modern Levant Machinery and Pendulum Rollers into this district, and nearly the whole of the rolling for the local trade comes into his hands. With the resources at his command he is able to turn out the best possible class of work, and to quote such prices as cannot be bettered elsewhere. The connection is widespread and valuable, lying among the principal wholesale leather dealers and consumers for a radius of many miles. Mr. Griffiths is pre-eminently a practical man, and his close personal supervision is bestowed upon the business, in its entirety. He is widely known, and everywhere respected for his integrity and liberal dealings.

G. Y. HOME & CO., BRITISH WINE MAKERS AND RECTIFIERS, PROPRIETORS OF STIVENS'S ORIGINAL GREEN GINGER WINE, AND FOREIGN WINE MERCHANTS,
REDCROSS STREET, BRISTOL.

ORIGINALLY organised in the year 1841 in Scotland, and subsequently transferred to its present locale, the commercial development of this concern has been so marked that its name has long been familiar as a household word — a gratifying condition of things that is clearly traceable to the high intrinsic merits of its products generally, and notably for the unsurpassed excellence of its specialities, among which “Stivena’s Original Green Ginger Wine,” and “Home’s Lemon Syrup,” stand pre-eminent. The first of these, “Stivens’s Green Ginger,” has enjoyed a long lease of public favour, and can even boast of Royal patronage; while the second, by the happy adaptation to domestic use in a new form of the most popular of all fruits, was at once hailed as a boon, and, under the name of “Home’s Lemon Syrup,” has been recognised ever since as a necessity in every household. With regard to “British Wines,” a word of explanation must here be recorded. The title has lately been abused, and mis-applied to liquors which are not wines at all, but only mixtures of sugar and water flavoured with essences, &c., avowedly “non-alcoholic” yet audaciously labelled “unfermented wines,” a designation which is simply a contradiction in terms. It is almost needless to say that “Home’s British Wines ” have no affinity to these strange mixtures, but are real “wines,” their strength, which is moderate but sufficient, being chiefly obtained by fermentation, a long and difficult process, demanding skill and judgment in all its stages. Even when the process is concluded, the wines are not complete until after many months’ careful treatment for the full development of their qualities, and to insure their permanent stability. It is a rare thing for Messrs. Home to allow any wines to go into consumption in less than six months — the average time allowed is from nine to twelve months — but there are much older wines always in stock.

Besides “Stivens’s” brand, the winemaking department yields a variety of other wines, for the production of which the orange, the grape, and the raisin, together with every favourite fruit of the garden and medicinal herb and flower of the field is laid under contribution at the proper season. These are all fermented and make charming and wholesome wines, while the department of “summer beverages,” at the head of which stands the original “Concentrated Lemon Syrup,” affords scope for the indulgence of the varied tastes and fancies of those who deny themselves the indulgence of any stimulant. In addition to these leading departments there is a special one for the preparation of liqueurs and spirit cordials, and another for the storing and bottling of foreign wines. The premises of the firm, skirting the open space behind Redcross Street, are necessarily extensive. They were rebuilt on an enlarged scale seven years ago, and consist of a three-storeyed building elaborately equipped with all requisites and appurtenances for pressing, racking, storing, maturing, bottling, and finally distributing the produce of the fermenting vats. All this, as may be supposed, gives employment to a numerous staff of operatives, overseers, office clerks, salesmen, and travellers. Prom the foregoing sketch of the progress of this firm it may be gathered that the success it has achieved is due to the public’s recognition of the qualities of perseverance, integrity, and straightforward business methods by which they have always been distinguished.

THOMAS WARE & SONS, LIMITED, TANNERS, CARRIERS, &C.,
CLIFT HOUSE TANNERY, CORONATION ROAD, BRISTOL.

THIS business was established in the first instance in Devonshire, about thirty years ago, and an influential and growing connection having been formed, it was deemed wise in 1878 to remove to the premises which Messrs. Ware & Sons have since occupied in Bristol. The business has recently been incorporated as a limited liability company, with Mr. Wallace Ware, who has a thorough technical knowledge of the trade, as manager. The capital was privately subscribed. The premises, which occupy a very convenient site in Coronation Road, and are known as Clift House Tannery, comprise a series of spacious tan-pits, drying sheds and warehouses, with a large yard. The ground thus occupied extends down to the River Avon, and includes, in all, about seven or eight acres. The industrial departments are supplied throughout with all the requisite labour-saving machinery. The firm are able to quote moderate prices, and so to compete on very favourable terms with any other house in the trade. The whole of the machinery is driven by steam, supplied by several powerful engines and three boilers. Messrs. Ware & Sons, Limited, produce all varieties of leather for the manufacture of boots and shoes. Amongst their specialities in sole leather, which have made a reputation very much greater than merely local for the house, may be mentioned butts and bends, variously described as B.A., English, Sydney, and Cape. They produce large quantities of wax kip butts, shoe butts, and Levant in different grains; also tongue kips, brown lining bellies, satin kips, and satin shoulders. The connections of the company extend throughout the West of England, and largely amongst the great manufacturing firms of London and Leicester. Their offices are furnished with telephonic communication and all the other requisite appliances for promptly despatching the clerical business of the house.
The telephone is No. 329, and the telegraphic address is: “Ware, Tanner, Bristol.”

H. WILLIAMS, ARCHITECT, &C.,
28, CLARE STREET, BRISTOL.

IT is now some twenty years since Mr. Williams began to practise as an architect, surveyor, and valuer, and during the interval which has elapsed he has achieved a much more than merely local reputation. His business premises include a handsome suite of general and private offices. These are well appointed throughout, the furnishing of the private offices being particularly elegant, while the drawing-offices are furnished with all the necessary accommodation for a staff of accomplished assistants. The mural decorations of the several apartments consist of plans of many of the more important works in the construction of which Mr. Williams’s services as architect have been engaged. Amongst these may be mentioned the various branches of Lloyd’s Bank, at Clifton, Kingswood, West Street, and Temple Gate. Mr. Williams is also the architect of the handsome offices of the Bristol Daily Press, of Messrs. C. Wells & Sons’ extensive clothing factory in Rupert Street, of Messrs. Dorrington, Pugsley & Co.’s fine new premises in Victoria Street, and of other important buildings used for industrial and commercial purposes. Mr. Williams’s versatility and his faculty for successfully dealing with ecclesiastical subjects are illustrated by his clever restoration, in strict accordance with the original, of Christ Church, Broad Street, and his erection therein of a new reredos, while he is also the architect of the Central Electric lighting Station, for the Corporation of Bristol, at Temple Backs. As a surveyor Mr. Williams has had a lengthened and most valuable experience, and his thorough knowledge of the value of all sorts of real property has gained for him much important business in this branch of his profession. He was the valuer in the case of the failure of the West of England Bank, and has a large practice in connection with compensation cases. In this respect he has secured the unqualified confidence of many of the leading commercial men in Bristol, as well as that of a large number of the most distinguished county families in the Western Counties. Mr. Williams was formerly a member of the Town Council for the important ward of Clifton, and subsequently represented the ward of Bedminster.

SCOTTISH WIDOWS’ FUND AND LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY, WEST OF ENGLAND BRANCH OFFICE,
CORN STREET, BRISTOL.

A SPLENDID record of unbroken prosperity and honourable progress, extending over a duration of more than three-quarters of a century, has marked the career of the Scottish Widows’ Fund and Life Assurance Society. This Society is the largest and most wealthy mutual life assurance institution in the United Kingdom, its funds amounting to £11,750,000, and its revenue to £1,370,000, while the policies in force total up to £30,000,000, and no less than £19,000,000 have been paid in claims. The Society, being entirely mutual, and there being no shareholders, the whole of the profits belong to the members. The investment of the Society’s funds is restricted by acts of Parliament to securities, which involve no liability, and so successfully has this department been administered that large numbers of the assurances paid have been more than doubled by bonus additions. In addition to these unequalled bonuses, there are other valuable options at the disposal of the members. Paid-up policies are granted free of future premiums—a fixed surrender value, according to amount paid, can be obtained if desired, and loans to any amount within the value of the policy are advanced by the Society. Total loss of premiums is impossible. Various forms of insurance are in operation. The Society assures sums payable at the end of life, with or without the alternative of payment on the attainment of an agreed-on age. It also assures sums payable only in the event of death within a given time, sums payable on the failure of the first of two or more lives, and on other contingencies. The policies may be made “whole world” from the beginning without extra premium.

Undoubtedly the leading features of this famous Society are its perfect safety and unequalled bonuses, while a liberal and prompt settlement of all claims has at all times characterised its management. The head offices are at 9, St. Andrew Square, Edinburgh, and the London Office at 28, Cornhill, E.C., and branch establishments are maintained in all the principal towns and cities in the Kingdom. The Bristol offices are at. 55, Corn Street, in an attractive and extensive pile, known as the Bristol Bank Buildings. The premises occupied are on the ground floor, and comprise a spacious and handsomely appointed suite of private and general offices, together with every requisite and convenience for the control of this important depot. Mr. John Gray is the resident secretary, and to his ability and energy the marked local success of the Society is to be largely attributed. He is well known in the district, and everywhere respected for his straightforward methods of doing business, and the courteous attention given to all inquiries.

FRED. BURRIS, MANUFACTURERS’ AGENT,
121, VICTORIA STREET, BRISTOL.

THIS notable business was established eight years ago by the present proprietor at 83, Thomas Street, and was removed recently to its present quarters for the sake of greater accommodation. Prior to commencing in this branch of business, Mr. Burris was occupied as a manufacturer of hand-made nails in Bristol, but as this class of goods has been entirely superseded by machine-made nails, his energies were diverted into the agency business. Large and convenient premises are occupied as above, consisting of the four floors and basement of an extensive block of building. The ground floor contains a well-appointed suite of private and general offices and various warehouses, while the upper floors and basement are filled in every part with heavy stocks of the various goods the proprietor is handling. Mr. Burris is the sole agent for the noted firm of Messrs. O. Mustad & Son, of Christiana, Norway, manufacturers of horseshoe nails. These nails are forged by a special process from the hot rod, and are bright in colour and pointed ready for use. Messrs. Mustad & Son are one of the largest firms of horseshoe-nail manufacturers in the world. They are held in high appreciation in all parts of the globe. Mr. Burris possesses every facility for supplying these goods in any quantity, either from stocks or direct from the manufacturers, and can guarantee quality and price.

Mr. Burris is also occupied with patent wrought-iron rose nails of all sizes, for use in collieries and in boat and ship building. Another leading line with this enterprising house is found in fish-hooks, a branch which, under Mr. Burris’s control, has been developed during the last five years with marked success. Various kinds of fish-hooks are dealt in, including those used for deep-sea fishing, shark and haddock hooks, of which the house has sent many millions to Scotland. Another successful line is found in the superior grades of margarine imported by Messrs. O. Mustad & Son. A first-class trade is being done in this line. Other goods handled by this respectable house are hooks and eyes, hairpins and needles. The business throughout is managed with consummate ability, and every endeavour is used to command an ever-increasing trade by supplying the best articles only, and placing them in the markets at such prices as cannot be beaten elsewhere. The connection of the house extends to every part of the Kingdom, and as many as ten travellers are kept constantly upon the road. Mr. Burris occupies a position of considerable eminence in local trade circles, and is widely known for the equitable and honourable methods which characterise all his dealings. The business he has built up is one of national importance.
Telegrams should be addressed: “Horsenail: Bristol.”

KEEVILL & HILLIER, MINERAL WATER MANUFACTURERS,
REDCLIFF HILL, BRISTOL.

THE above important branch of industry is well represented in Bristol by the old-established firm of Messrs. Keevill & Hillier. Their business was established about fifteen years ago at Clifton, but has been conducted at the present address for more than ten years. The premises here are very extensive, and comprise large and well-equipped works, offices, and warehouses, with every convenience for the successful working of a large business. The various departments are replete with the most modern machinery and appliances. As manufacturers of mineral and aerated waters Messrs. Keevill & Hillier are known far and near. They are specially noted for seltzer and ginger ale, and a large trade is done in syphons. Their home-brewed ginger beer in stone bottles has a reputation second to none in the district. They also turn out in large and increasing quantities single and double soda water, lemonade, potass, lithia, seltzer, quininade, orange champagne, &c. Messrs. Keevill & Hillier are keenly alive to the fact that the best goods can only be made from the best materials; the greatest care, therefore, is exercised in selecting goods only of the best quality, and quality is never sacrificed to price. For purity, delicacy of flavour, and aroma these well-known beverages are justly celebrated. Messrs. Keevill & Hillier are eminently successful in maintaining these features at the highest state, perfect filtration being the first consideration. The business connections are of a widespread, influential and steadily growing character, and every item of the film’s manufacture to-day tends to thoroughly sustain the eminent repute in which this house has been held during, the term of its long and deservedly prosperous commercial career.

SAMUEL J. HANNAM, TIMBER MERCHANT,
CANONS MARSH, BRISTOL.

MR. SAMUEL J. HANNAM’S thriving and admirably-organised business was established by himself in 1876, and during the years which have elapsed since then, his thorough technical knowledge of the trade, together with his exceptional business aptitude and enterprise, have added materially to the high reputation which Bristol enjoys as a centre for the importation and distribution of timber. The premises, which are conveniently situated, cover an area of about an acre. They include spacious yards and drying-sheds, where all the facilities exist for the careful seasoning of all descriptions of timber. The stocks are very large and varied, consisting, for the most part, of goods imported from all the principal timber-growing countries in the globe. Enormous quantities of scantling and dry boards are always held in readiness for all demands, and timber of all sorts is sawn on the premises to suit the requirements of customers. The normal output is so large as to render necessary the constant employment of a large and experienced staff. Adjoining the industrial departments are the well-appointed general and private offices, which are furnished with all the requisite appliances for the prompt despatch of the considerable amount of clerical work entailed by the numerous and important transactions of the firm. Mr. Hannam is personally well known in the building trades and in kindred industries throughout a wide district, and is much respected, and has gained the unreserved confidence of a large circle of customers.

LAVARS & CO., LITHOGRAPHIC AND GENERAL PRINTING WORKS,
51, BROAD STREET, BRISTOL.

THE history of this firm, which is one of continuous, well-directed, and successful enterprise, dates back to 1838, when it was founded by Mr. John Lavars, who began business as a bookseller and lithographer in Bridge Street. This gentleman will long be remembered throughout the trade as the pioneer of lithography in the West of England, and it is to be recorded that his enterprise met with such speedy reward that in 1859 it became necessary to remove from Bridge Street to more commodious premises, Broad Street Hall, relinquishing altogether the bookselling department, and devoting his entire attention to lithography, his operations in which went on growing to such a degree that in 1878 he deemed it advisable to secure an eligible site on the other side of Broad Street, where, at No. 51, he proceeded to erect the more spacious, central, and in every way more convenient premises which the firm have occupied since 1879. Approached by a passage from the main thoroughfare, the buildings cover a large area, with extensive frontage in Tower Lane, and have been admirably adapted to the several requirements of the business.

On the ground floor is a suite of well-appointed general and private offices, which are furnished with all the necessary requisites for the prompt despatch of the large amount of clerical work inseparable from a printing office which distributes over so large an area, the plain and colour work turned out by them being celebrated amongst the largest manufacturers in the Kingdom. Proceeding through the forwarding-room, the warehouse is entered, where is the heavy stock of writing and printing papers necessary for the varied classes of work the firm turn out, an especial feature being the costly hand-made loan, bank, and drawing papers, in all sizes, which are required for the highest grade work, which has always been a foremost feature, in addition to large quantities of writing papers suitable for ordinary commercial use. The room is also set apart for stocking the printing papers required in the turn-out of trade-lists, magazines, white and coloured labels, and pattern-sheets and cards of all kinds, including the now popular description known as “duplex,” owing to the tints being different on either side, some of these being most tasteful combinations. There are also to be found cutting, label-punching, card- cutting, and other machines. On this floor also we come to the spacious machine-room, which, being specially built for the purpose, is admirably suited to the requirements of a printing office, being lighted almost entirely from the top, and containing five machines representing the most recent improvements in applied mechanical science, as well as stone-grinding, platen-printing, and other machines and presses. Power is supplied by a large (Crossley’s) “Otto” gas machine, double the power of one which has been removed to make way for it in order to cope with the increasing output of the establishment. A large stock of lithographic stones is essential to an office of this kind, and these are carefully placed in racks and numbered, and are being constantly added to, purchases of these expensive requisites (which are brought from celebrated quarries in Germany) having to be frequently made.

On the first floor is the composing-room, where is to be found a complete and varied assortment of type, including many of the newest founts, and also the spacious and well-lighted apartments reserved for the draughtsmen. In this room some eight or more experienced artists are always engaged in the production of the minutely accurate work for which the firm are famous. Throughout the whole of the establishment all the appliances have been provided which mature experience could suggest and a judicious expenditure of capital could command for the economy of labour and the perfection of results. Messrs. Lavars & Co. have gained a high reputation for the absolute correctness of all the work which they execute as producers of maps, plans, designs, &c., as well as the highest class of chalk drawings, &c., and their establishment is the depot for the maps of the Honourable Board of Ordnance and Geological Survey of Great Britain. They do a considerable amount of important work for corporations and local authorities, and have recently executed large orders for Parliamentary plans requiring great despatch and accuracy.

Messrs. Lavars & Co. undertake, and promptly and successfully execute, all sorts of general lithographic and letterpress printing. They have more than a local reputation for what may be considered their specialities, namely, the production of maps, plans, fashion plates, and chromo printing, and also carry on an extensive business in printing wine-merchants’ and chemists’ labels. Since the decease of the late Mr. J. Lavars, which took place in 1889, after an honourable and successful business career of more than fifty years, the affairs of the establishment have been conducted by his son, Mr. Edward C. Lavars, who carried it on in partnership with Mr. George Wilton and Mr. John A. Bird, both having been connected with the business for many years. Mr. Wilton having died in November, 1891, he was succeeded by Mr. R. Cuthbert Hobbs, a grandson of the founder of the firm.

E. & R. ADAMS, FRUIT IMPORTERS, POTATO MERCHANTS, AND COMMISSION SALESMEN,
BACK HALL AND 54, BALDWIN STREET, 17, NICHOLAS STREET, 34, STAPLETON ROAD, AND TEMPLE BACKS, BRISTOL.
Telegrams: “Adams, Market, Bristol;” Telephone: No. 178.

THE first distribution of fruit and potatoes from Bristol, as a centre of local and district supply, has for the past ten years been made the subject of special trade operations by Messrs. Edward & Rowland Adams, the well-known salesmen of Baldwin Street, and furnishes as typical an instance of the modern developments of the trade as chosen for the purposes of an illustrative review. Messrs. E. & R. Adams receive their vast consignments from the best sources of supply, and are large direct importers of fresh and dried fruit, potatoes, and other vegetables from all the principal growers of the world; and the facilities and conveniences at their command are such that these supplies are always received in perfect condition, and maintained at an exclusively high-class level, in their extensive stores and salerooms, the sales being effected punctually on arrival, the principal sale days being Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Fridays, all the year round. The business early showed extraordinary developing tendencies, and the firm were led to make extensive additions by acquiring the business of Messrs. H. S. Herniman & Co., so that their premises now comprise the large prominently located warehouse at Baldwin Street, hard by Bristol Bridge, store houses at Back Hall and Temple Backs, a commodious potato depot on the opposite side, viz., 54, Baldwin Street, extending through to Nicholas Street, and a soft fruit saleroom and store at 17, Nicholas Street. Also an extensive fruit, vegetable, and fish supply at 34, Stapleton Road. The business tells its own story of honourable principles faithfully observed, and its history is a record of success achieved and of widespread connections established and maintained, by the pursuit of a policy of commercial integrity and prudent enterprise, creditable alike to the principals of the house, and to the true dignity of the important branch of trade they so adequately represent.

C. WOODMAN & SON, ENGLISH AND FOREIGN TIMBER MERCHANTS,
ST. PHILIP’S MARSH, BRISTOL.

IT IS many years since this well-organised business was originally founded by Mr. James Redwood, and the valuable connection which the Messrs. Woodman took over in 1885 has been very materially strengthened and extended since that date. The members of the firm, Messrs. Charles and Charles Frank Woodman, brought to their enterprise a thorough knowledge of the timber trade, and an exceptional business aptitude which has enabled them to develop, to a very considerable extent, the resources of the establishment at St. Philip’s Marsh. The premises there, which cover over two acres, comprise a large and well-arranged yard, stocked with a great variety of English and foreign timber. There is an extensive series of saw-mills, fitted up with wood-working machinery of the most approved modern type. The industrial operations of the firm consist in the cutting of timber, and its preparation to suit the special requirements of various trades, such as those of coachbuilders, cabinetmakers, and others. This business has of late assumed such increased proportions that new industrial premises, which are urgently required, are now being erected on ground recently purchased by the firm. Mr. Charles Woodman is also the proprietor of an extensive cooperage in the Albert Road, where large quantities of goods are produced for export to the West Indies. On the premises there is a large warehouse for the storage of the manufactured casks; also lime which is exported to the West Indies for use on the sugar plantations.
The registered telegraphic address is: “Woodman, Bristol.”

HENRY MATTHEWS & CO., DRYSALTERS, OIL MERCHANTS, IMPORTERS, &C.,
LEWIN’S MEAD, BRISTOL.

THERE is, in all broad England, no firm engaged in the drysaltery and oil and colour trade with a better record or a higher reputation in the market than the old-established house of Messrs. Henry Matthews & Co., of Bristol. The solidity of an honourable antiquity belongs to the establishment, and forms an integral part of its being, but it is not incompatible with an enlightened enterprise and an energetic vigour which are essentially modern. This valuable and admirably organised business was established some eighty years ago, and was originally carried on in Rosemary Street. A constant growth in the commercial relations of the house necessitated a removal to the commodious premises which the firm have since occupied, and which have been admirably adapted to the several requirements of the business. The antiquity of the firm itself harmonises well with the fact that the business has been in the hands of the Matthews family up to the present time, and it is gratifying to note that the interest of the present proprietor, who is a son of the founder, in the details of the business is quite as active as the vitality of the house itself. The business premises comprise extensive warehouses, ample enough to permit of the carefully systematic classification of the heavy stocks which are always held by the firm in readiness for all demands. Each department contains a well-selected assortment of special classes of goods, and in the conveniently appointed rooms are samples of all the commodities in reference to which the transactions of the firm take place. Messrs. Henry Matthews & Co. are both importers and exporters upon a very extensive scale. They have large business relations with many foreign ports, and their home connections extend all over the Western Counties and throughout South Wales. They are drysalters, oil merchants, importers, boilers, and refiners. They are likewise manufacturers of paints, colours, and varnishes for contractors, painters, coachbuilders, and shipbuilders. They have successfully made a speciality of dealing in grease for mills, railway-wagons, carriages, carts, waterwheels, wire ropes, &c., and they deal largely in British and. foreign glass of every description. The notable success which this firm has achieved is due simply to the uniform excellence of all their goods and to the high reputation which they have thereby gained.

HARRIS & SON, SMITHS, IRONFOUNDERS, &C.,
MARSH STREET IRON WORKS, BRISTOL.

ONE of the most historically important of the industries carried on in the Bristol district is that of the Marsh Street Iron Works, which are the property of Messrs. Harris & Son, in the hands of whose family this admirably conducted business has been vested for upwards of a century. The house was, indeed, originally founded in 1733, by Messrs. Rooms, Grazebrook & Co., subsequently followed by the ancestors of the present proprietors. The premises comprise large workshops, fitted with drilling, slotting, and other descriptions of requisite mechanical appliances of the most approved modern type. So excellent are all the details of the working plant that material economies in labour are effected which enable the firm to compete, upon the most favourable terms possible, with any other house in the United Kingdom producing goods similar to their specialities. Messrs. Harris & Son are, in the fullest sense of the terms, smiths and ironfounders, locksmiths, bellhangers and gasfitters. They enjoy the distinction of being the largest makers in the West of England of sashes and casements, in cast and wrought iron, gunmetal and copper, and in this connection they have most valuable and widespread relations with the building trades and kindred industries. Messrs. Harris & Son are also manufacturers of wrought-iron gates, railing, fencing, sheep and cattle hurdles, repository doors, safes, deed-chests, &c. The firm have moreover gained much well-deserved credit amongst architects and other artistic experts for the beauty of their designs as ornamental and mediaeval ironworkers, whilst in another and more strictly utilitarian field of labour they have a high reputation as manufacturers of ranges and all kinds of cooking apparatus. A large staff of hands, many of whom are highly skilled experts, are regularly engaged in the several departments, under the immediate personal supervision of the principals, who are thus enabled to guarantee, in every instance, the excellence, both as to materials and workmanship, of every article sent out of the establishment.

JOHN BARTON & SONS, CARRIAGE AND HARNESS WORKS,
QUAY HEAD, ST. AUGUSTINE’S BACK, BRISTOL.

THE above old-established firm came into existence as far back as 1813, and ever since its members have succeeded in advancing the standard of excellence in the artistic industry of carriage-building. The firm has a large connection in the cities and towns of England, also a considerable export trade. Messrs. Barton & Sons’ premises are very extensive —comprising offices, showrooms, smiths’ shops, and work-rooms, the latter being used for the purposes of body-building, wheel-making, painting, trimming, and finishing. All these details are the more important in the establishment of the Messrs. Barton as — unlike many persons who call themselves carriage - builders because they purchase the component parts of carriages singly and join them together — every necessary portion of a carriage which is in hand is made upon Messrs. Barton’s premises, skilled workmen being employed; they have a large stock of seasoned timber always on hand. The name of the firm and their work are familiar amidst distinguished circles in many English counties, and their imprimatur is unhesitatingly accepted as indicating a high standard of quality. Their harness has gained an especially high reputation.

E. W. REDWOOD, IMPORTER OF SEWING AND KNITTING MACHINES, AND KNITTED HOSIERY MANUFACTURER,
65, CASTLE STREET, BRISTOL.

THE nucleus from which Mr. Redwood’s vast commercial and industrial enterprise has grown was the business established about twenty-one years ago by Messrs, T. & J. Hunter at 19, Castle Street. As dealers in sewing machines that firm obtained a valuable connection, which has been expanded to at least ten times its former extent during the seven years which have elapsed since the business of the Messrs. Hunter was acquired by Mr. Redwood, who a few years ago removed to the more extensive premises now occupied. These premises occupy a commanding position in the well-known business thoroughfare of Castle Street, and are necessarily very commodious, extending back a distance of one hundred and twenty or one hundred and thirty feet to the waterside. They comprise a spacious and elegantly appointed shop, with a lofty and imposing front, whose ample plate-glass windows, with their constantly changing show of useful and beautifully finished novelties constitute one of the principal points of attraction in the thoroughfare. There are to the rear additional show-rooms and warehouses, in which are always held heavy surplus stocks, in readiness for all demands. There is also a suite of well-appointed offices. Adjoining the warehouses is a large and thoroughly equipped workshop, where are manufactured stands and other adjuncts to the machines in which Mr. Redwood deals, and where also are made all sorts of repairs by a staff of skilled specialists. The factory comprises four roomy floors, with an aggregate superficial area of nearly twenty thousand feet, where all sorts of hosiery is manufactured by the most approved machinery.

Mr. Redwood’s stocks always include a most varied assortment of sewing machines of all descriptions, produced by English, German, and American manufacturers, including Wheeler & Wilson’s and other well-known makers, besides needles, threads, shuttles, and all other accessories for every variety of machine. He has also at all times a thoroughly representative display of washing, wringing, and mangling machines, perambulators and mailcarts, of every type, and at all prices. In these classes of goods, as well as in knitting machines of all makes, both circular and parallel, Mr. Redwood conducts an enormous and ever-increasing trade, which extends throughout a wide district around Bristol. Visitors to his establishment have the advantage of seeing all the sample machinery running at full speed, being driven by powerful steam and gas engines.

Since succeeding to the Castle Street business of Messrs. T. & J. Hunter, Mr. Redwood has also taken over the sewing and knitting machine department of Messrs. Lindrea & Co., and also the business of the local depot of the Howe Manufacturing Company, late of High Street and Victoria Street. In addition to his extensive retail trade Mr. Redwood now controls a large wholesale business, and employs an efficient staff of commercial representatives, who are constantly making journeys throughout the whole of the West and the south of England. Mr. Redwood has created a most valuable and widespread connection for his knitted hosiery, in the production of which he gives employment to a large corps of workpeople. Mr. Redwood’s connection in the West of England for the sale of sewing machines is constantly extending, especially amongst wholesale boot and clothing manufacturers, these two industries having of late years become of enormously increased important in Bristol and the surrounding districts. Mr. Redwood’s influence with these industries has been very materially strengthened by his recent introduction of two very remarkable American inventions. He has now running in his “Manufacturers” Show-room samples of the Reece Buttonhole Machine, which is a most interesting and ingenious piece of mechanism, cutting and stitching, within one hour, from a hundred and fifty to two hundred and fifty of the largest buttonholes on cloth, and from three hundred to four hundred for boots. It will cut and work any buttonhole from five-eighths of an inch to one inch and a quarter in size. The operation of this machine, for which Mr. Redwood is sole agent in the West of England, is one of the most wonderful examples of automatic adjustments ever devised. Equally notable in its way amongst Mr. Redwood’s novelties is the American Special Machine Company’s Union Machine, for stitching two lines at once. For this contrivance also he is sole agent for the West of England. It is used for silking or staying seams for the shoe trade, or for stitching both rows of stitching or vamping at the same time, effecting a notable economy in labour, as the machine attains a very high rate of speed, making as many as two thousand revolutions per minute, which actually represents four thousand stitches, and is capable of doing as much work as four ordinary sewing machines driven by power, or eight worked by treadle. Mr. Redwood has also in stock the same class of machine, with a single needle, suitable for clothing manufacturers. In the different departments of his establishment are regularly employed from eighteen to twenty assistants, in addition to the outdoor staff.

MESSRS, BRIGHTMANS, BOOT AND SHOE MANUFACTURERS,
OPPOSITE ST. AUGUSTINE’S BRIDGE, BRISTOL.

AMONG the best representatives of the high-class boot and shoe making trade of Bristol there is no house possessed of a higher reputation than that of Messrs. Brightmans, of St. Augustine’s Parade. The premises present a singularly striking appearance, by reason of the presence of a full-sized model of the goddess Fama, erected in the front part of the handsome four-storeyed structure, as well as on account of its admirably- dressed windows, displaying all the best and latest fashions and forms of gentlemen’s boots and shoes on one side, and ladies’ and children’s on the other. Withindoors all the appointments of the place are in the best modern style; and it is manifest to all that the firm recognise the advantage of constantly maintaining a stock from which boots and shoes for all occasions can be instantly obtained at strictly moderate prices; while everywhere there are evidences of the care and attention bestowed by the proprietors in arranging for the reception, prompt service, and general convenience of their numerous patrons. While devoting the most careful and competent attention to the production and distribution of stylishly and durably made commodities of perfect fit and comfort for the feet, Messrs. Brightmans have placed upon the market their “Conforma” boots and shoes, which are made upon sound anatomical principles to give full scope for the healthy exercise of the muscles of the feet, and yet having due regard to elegance of shape and finished workmanship, and wherever these boots have found their way they are received with favour, and they are in large demand both at home and abroad. A leading feature of this business is that all goods sold are made at the firm’s own factory, the “Fairfax Works,” thus avoiding the middleman’s profit. In cultivating a superior local trade, the firm have enjoyed exceptional success, and in order to meet the rapidly growing demand for their goods, have opened a branch depot at 20, Regent Street, Clifton, and at Duke Street, Cardiff, which has already become immensely popular. The whole business is conducted in a manner which promises a steady continuance of this satisfactory condition of affairs.

WATHEN, GARDINER & CO., WHOLESALE AND EXPORT CLOTHIERS,
38, BROAD STREET, BRISTOL.

THIS old-established and highly respected house was founded as far back as the year 1801 by Mr. John Gardiner, who commenced his operations in Union Street, and who not only built up a large and substantial business in the next few years, but also achieved high civic honours, becoming High Sheriff of Bristol in 1817. The business was removed after a time to Mary-le-Port Churchyard, and eventually, in 1840, it was transferred to the present address in Broad Street. Mr. Henry Gardiner was then the sole proprietor, having succeeded Mr. John Gardiner on the death of the latter. From about 1856 to 1862 the firm was composed of Mr. Henry Gardiner and his brothers, Messrs. James and Charles Gardiner; but in 1862 Mr. (afterwards Sir Charles) Wathen became head of the house, having as his partner Mr. Charles Gardiner. Ten years later Mr. Charles Gardiner retired, and the business was continued by Sir Charles Wathen until 1887, when he also retired from active commercial life. Sir Charles Wathen (who died in February last) must be ranked among the most prominent Bristolians of his day. Both as a merchant and as a citizen he gained universal respect, and his civic career was one of special distinction, for he has filled the high office of Mayor of Bristol during six years in succession, viz., 1884-1891. The personnel of the firm of Wathen, Gardiner & Co. now comprises Mr. Robert McAulay Hill, Mr. T. W. Lewis, and Mr. W. Hill — three gentlemen well and favourably known in the trade, and fully qualified by practical experience to successfully direct the fortunes of this representative house.

The premises occupied in Broad Street are very extensive and admirably arranged, and the working departments, where manufacturing operations are carried on, are equipped throughout with the best modern machinery for turning out first-class clothing at a rapid rate. Extensive alterations have been carried out from time to time, to meet the requirements of a constantly increasing business, and the firm’s establishment may now be reckoned as one of the largest in the trade, occupying almost the whole of the large block in which it is situated. The main frontage is in Broad Street, and the premises are bounded on the left by Tower Lane and on the right by John Street, while they extend rearwards to Little John Street. Messrs. Wathen, Gardiner & Co. are particularly noted as exporters of clothing, and their first factory was specially designed for the export trade to the Colonies, an enterprise which, vigorously conducted, was developed with such success that it soon gave employment to many families of out-workers at their own homes. At one time, for the purpose of training workers in the outlying districts, branch factories were started at Winterbourne, Frampton, Mangolsfield, and other neighbouring villages, and at the present day the fruits of those ventures are shown in the large number of experienced and skilful workpeople the firm have in their employ, whose work is collected weekly and brought into the city factory.

At the latter establishment a very numerous staff is also regularly engaged. During recent years the firm have combined the home with the export trade, and they now carefully study the requirements of every market, producing goods “for all parts of the world,” as their well-known trade-mark has it. They make a special feature of quality. No low-class goods are turned out, everything being of the “medium” and “best” grades, and in all cases reliable materials, sound workmanship, and good finish are characteristic of the garments produced by this firm. A large connection is maintained throughout the United Kingdom and the British Colonies, and the firm have representatives in all parts of England, Scotland, Ireland, Wales, South Africa, &c. There are London offices under competent management at 25, Jewin Crescent, E.C. This house is justly esteemed in commercial circles, alike for its straightforward business methods, and for the uniform merit of its productions, by which its name has gained favourable repute wherever known.

HUNT & WATTS, WHOLESALE AND EXPORT BOOT AND SHOE MANUFACTURERS,
STANDARD BOOT FACTORY, ST. GEORGE, BRISTOL.

THE production of boots and shoes of superior quality and make, embodying every worthy improvement that has hitherto been effected in this important branch of industry, and their widespread distribution to the trade, more particularly in the north of England, Scotland, and Ireland, finds admirable illustration and exemplification in the City of Bristol at the hands of Messrs. Hunt & Watts, who formed the nucleus of their present vast business in the year 1887. The records of the house show that its commercial development has been both rapid and continuous from the very commencement. The premises occupied consist of a large and substantial three-storeyed factory with hoists to each floor, and appropriate division into office, warehouses, store-rooms, and elaborately equipped works, replete with all the most modern and improved machinery and appliances for the rapid production of all manner of ladies’, gentlemen’s, and children’s boots and shoes, and calling into requisition the services of a staff of no less than one hundred and forty skilled and experienced operatives, whose labours are constantly and carefully supervised by the principals in person. From what has been stated it will be readily gathered that Messrs. Hunt & Watts’s connections and. facilities are of a distinctly superior order, enabling them to offer special advantages to buyers in the trade, and to execute all orders in a prompt and satisfactory manner.

JONES & WAINWRIGHT, TIMBER AND SLATE IMPORTERS,
CANONS’ MARSH, BRISTOL.

THIS admirably organised and energetically conducted enterprise was undertaken in 1844, by Messrs. Jones & Nash, who had the advantage of bringing to their task a thorough technical knowledge of the trade and an exceptional amount of commercial aptitude, while at the same time they succeeded to the valuable and substantial connection which had, previously, been established by Messrs. William Cross & Son. These opportunities were diligently cultivated by Messrs. Jones & Nash, and it was a connection of greatly increased value which, in 1887, they handed over to Messrs. Jones & Wainwright, that being the style and title of the firm at the present day. At that date, Mr. John Averay Jones, the senior partner, retired; and the members of the firm are now Messrs. W. F. Wainwright and Averay Neville Jones. The latter gentleman is a member of the ancient and honourable Society of Merchant Venturers. The premises of the firm, whose size convey some impression of the actual extent of their operations, comprise large timber yards situated on both sides of the floating harbour, Canons’ Marsh, and Cumberland Road, covering an area of about eight acres. These yards are well stocked with timber, all of which is of foreign origin, being imported from the White Sea, the Baltic, Canada, the Gulf of Mexico, and other timber producing countries. The connections of Messrs. Jones & Wainwright extend so far north as Wolverhampton, and as far east as Reading, and all over the West of England and South Wales. The firm is represented throughout these regions by an efficient staff of experienced travellers whose efforts to extend the influence of the house are much facilitated by the high reputation which they everywhere enjoy throughout the building trades. Within the premises at Canons’ Marsh there is a suite of well appointed general and private offices which are furnished with all the requisites for the prompt dispatch of the large amount of clerical work which is necessitated by the numerous and important transactions of the house.
The telephone number is 31, and the registered telegraphic address is: “Gefle, Bristol.”

J. BAKER & SON, PUBLISHERS, MANUFACTURING STATIONERS, AND FOREIGN IMPORTERS,
THE MALL, CLIFTON.

THE above enterprise, which has now assumed proportions of great magnitude, was initiated in 1863 by Mr. J. Baker, the founder being then secretary of Clifton College. It may be noted that the pleasant association thus subsisting has been maintained to mutual advantage until the present time, as the firm of which Mr. Baker is the principal supply all the textbooks and material required in the college. In 1870 Mr. Baker was joined in partnership by his son, and the firm assumed the style and title which it has since retained. The singularly prominent position which the firm occupy in the trade may best be understood by the explanation that they stand foremost among the booksellers who of late years have laid themselves out to supply the retail dealer with saleable articles. The premises are very extensive, occupying a commanding position on the Mall, and comprise a spacious shop with handsome plate-glass windows. It is packed from floor to ceiling with an enormous and varied assortment of English and foreign books, by all the best authors, the stock normally including about twenty thousand volumes.

The firm occupy for business purposes the whole of the five floors of the commodious building in the following manner. On the first floor are English and foreign books and stationery. The second is devoted to wholesale stationery and foreign goods. In this department there is to be seen a splendid assortment of choice paintings on porcelain; also portraits, from photographs painted on porcelain by accomplished artists, and a grand display of fine art medallions. There are likewise some choice collections of artistic medallions in gold and silver which are very novel in design. Antique and modern sculpture are well represented in this department, together with a varied assortment of frames for photographs, photographic albums, scrap albums, mathematical instruments, globes, brass goods, wallets, tourist cases, and kindergarten materials. There is, moreover, a fine exhibition of miniature gems in oil, enamelled paintings on glass, and carved wood goods. It should be understood that Messrs. Baker & Son are not only importers of foreign goods, but are also manufacturers of fancy and artistic foreign goods, which are made by artists of experience and technical skill, in special factories on the Continent. The third floor is used for bookbinding, and some very choice examples of this work are here shown. It may be mentioned that the firm have had the honour of binding presentation volumes for the Princess of Wales, the Empress Frederick, and also the famous “Address to Lord Salisbury from the Eight Western Counties.” The fourth floor is devoted to the work of machine ruling and colour stamping, and the fifth floor and the basement to uncut papers, &c.

Messrs. J. Baker & Son are also publishers, many of their issues having had a ready and widespread sale. They are the only importers of foreign books in the West of England, and supply such works to order promptly and cheaply. The various departments of the establishment are controlled by a competent staff of assistants, and many workpeople are employed. The interests of the firm are represented throughout the trade by efficient commercial travellers. The firm have a branch house at 25, Paternoster Row. Their trade catalogue of artistic and scientific articles manufactured or imported by themselves, and also their school catalogue of foreign and English books, drawing materials, school furniture, &c., are justly regarded as valuable works of reference by the several classes for whose respective use they are issued.

C. A. HAYES, BUILDER AND CONTRACTOR,
OFFICES AND WORKS, THOMAS STREET, BRISTOL; SANITARY YARD, COMMERCIAL ROAD; TIMBER AND STONE YARD, CUMBERLAND BASIN.

CONTRACTOR for Public Works and Buildings of every Description.— The following works are now in hand, and are in different stages of progress:— the Clifton Rocks Railway tunnel and waiting-rooms, for George Newnes, Esq., M.P.; Messrs. Marks & Munro, Engineers, Birmingham and Bristol; contract about £20,000. Central electric lighting station for the Corporation of Bristol; H. Williams, Esq., architect; contract about £14,000. New bank for Messrs. Lloyds, Limited, Birmingham; H. Williams, Esq., architect; contract about £4,000. New traffic offices, Avonmouth, for the Bristol Lock Company; J. M. McCurrick, Esq., C.E., engineer; contract about £3,000. New wing to Salisbury Infirmary, Salisbury; Messrs. J. Harding & Son, architects; contract about £5,000. New malt-kiln, Salisbury, for Messrs. Williams Brothers, of Salisbury; J. Hardy, Esq., architect. St. Mark’s Church, Salisbury; A. J. Reeve, architect, Westminster; contract about £15,000. Completion of warehouses for St. Cuthbert’s Mills, the property of Messrs. Dixon, Horsburgh & Co., Wookey, near Wells, Somerset; T. J. Scoones, Esq., C.E., engineer; contract between £12,000 and £13,000. People’s Palace, Bristol, for Messrs. Livermore Brothers; J. Hutton, Esq., Dundee, architect; contract about £7,000. New technical school, St. George, Bristol, for the St. George’s Local Board; F. Bligh Bond, Esq., architect; contract about £11,000. The works Mr. Hayes has successfully completed are too extensive and too numerous to mention, and embraces buildings of every description of the architectural and civil engineering trade.
Telegraphic address: “Hayes, Contractor, Bristol.” Telephone No. 448.

SAMUEL MILLER, JEWELLERY, LAMPS, CLOCK, BRONZE AND ELECTRO-PLATE WAREHOUSE, MANUFACTURER OF FIRST-CLASS LEATHER GOODS,
8, 9, 10, PARK STREET VIADUCT, BRISTOL.

FOUNDED as far back as the year 1850, the well-known house named above has long held a leading position in the jewellery and fancy goods trade in Bristol. The business originated under the auspices of its present sole proprietor, Mr. Samuel Miller, and has occupied its present fine premises for the past twenty years. When the Viaduct was made in Park Street, Mr. Miller, with characteristic enterprise, bought three plots of ground, and built these noble premises, which rank among the handsomest of their kind in the Western Counties. The leading specialities of Mr. Miller’s business consist in jewellery of all descriptions, elegant clocks and art bronzes, electroplate, desks, work-boxes, dressing-cases, fitted dressing-bags, and all kinds of high-class leather goods. Another very important feature in the stock is that of high-class lamps of all descriptions. Electro-plated goods form a very important department of the stock, and there is always on hand a large assortment of the latest novelties in china, glass, and oak, electro-mounted. Mr. Miller deals extensively in stationery and stationers’ sundries, and is also one of the principal importers of foreign fancy goods in Bristol. Six fine plate-glass windows enable the firm to make a splendid outward display, which is always tasteful and attractive. It is interesting to know that this is the place for wedding and complimentary presents, testimonials of plate, &c., and the attention bestowed upon this department has attracted a very large amount of patronage. Among the noteworthy objects that always command admiration are two superb lamp stands, which were at the Paris Exhibition of 1867, and which were bought by Mr. Miller. These stands are very finely cast, and Mr. Miller has had four others made to match them. Altogether this is a business which is entitled to a prominent place in any review of the representative trading concerns of Bristol, and it presents a forcible example of what may be achieved by good taste, progressive spirit, and well-directed commercial talents. Mr. Samuel Miller enjoys the confidence and support of a very large and widespread connection. Personally he is highly esteemed in Bristol, where he has done much good in a quiet and unostentatious way, and the success that has attended his business career has been thoroughly well merited.

STEPHENS & CO., TAILORS, HATTERS, AND WOOLLEN MERCHANTS,
14 AND 15, CHRISTMAS STREET, BRISTOL.

ORGANISED nine years ago under the able auspices of its present proprietor, the commercial development of this representative tailoring and general outfitting establishment has been both rapid and continuous from the very commencement. The premises occupied consist of a large and commodious four-storeyed building, on the eve of being considerably extended to meet the wants of a rapidly expanding family trade. The spacious shop on the ground floor, with its four fine display windows, is admirably appointed throughout in the best modern style, and displays a comprehensive stock of all the most fashionable of the season’s fabrics in woollens, hats and caps by the leading makers of the day, umbrellas, and outfitting items generally. At the rear and on the floors above there are well-ventilated and perfectly-equipped work-rooms, where a large staff of skilled and experienced hands is fully employed under the constant and careful supervision of Mr. Stephens. Gentlemen’s fashionable attire for all occasions, hunting outfits, sportsmen’s suits, servants’ uniforms and liveries, and the like are all included in Mr. Stephen’s every-day productions, and are turned out in a state of perfection in all essential characteristics of style, fit, good taste, and faultless finish, and the large and liberal patronage accorded to Mr. Stephens by the leading local families is ample evidence of the fact that his efforts have not failed to meet with deserved appreciation and support.

S. SHIRLEY & SON, CO-OPERATIVE STORES,
VICTORIA STREET, CLIFTON, AND WHITE LADIES ROAD, REDLAND; AND THE CLIFTON SUPPLY, MALL, CLIFTON, BRISTOL, AND THE CIVIL AND MILITARY STORES, CLIFTON AND REDLAND.

IT IS not too much to say that since 1865, when Mr. S. Shirley established himself in business in Victoria Street, the firm of which he is the principal member has revolutionised the high-class business in groceries, provisions, wines, spirits, &c., together with household requisites in general. Messrs. S. Shirley & Son have reduced to a system the principle of offering to their customers all the economical benefits claimed by the large co-operative association for cash payments, in addition to several other advantages which are peculiar to their own methods of conducting business. These include the opportunity which is afforded to residents in Clifton, Redland, and the surrounding districts to make their own selections of goods on the spot, the non-necessity of buying beyond immediate requirements, and the absence of delay in delivery. The premises at Victoria Street, which constitute the headquarters of the business, form a model of what a first-rate grocery and provision establishment should be. The growth of the firm’s valuable connection since its formation has been in proportion to the thorough technical knowledge of all the departments of the trade possessed by Mr. Shirley, to his intimate relations with the great firms of producers and importers, and to his indefatigable exertions to secure for his customers the best of everything in the markets at the lowest possible price.

It was consequently found necessary some years ago to have the premises enlarged. The alterations eventually took such an extensive form that the whole of the premises were rebuilt. They comprise a commodious shop with a fine double frontage, and ample plate-glass windows, whose varied display of appetising commodities constitute one of the principal points of attraction in the thoroughfare. The interior is commodious enough to permit of the carefully systematic arrangement of the wonderfully diversified stocks. These include Indian, Ceylon, and China teas of the finest quality, coffees of the most delicious flavour, high-class groceries and grocers’ sundries, with the most delicious examples of Colonial and foreign produce. There is also a large and select stock of wines and spirits, with stout in bottles as well as in casks. English and foreign mineral and aerated waters are here found in the best possible condition and in the utmost variety. The treasures of the Messrs. Shirley’s stores also include ample supplies of English and foreign fruits and tinned and bottled goods in the greatest profusion. The stocks likewise embrace every variety of brushes and other household utensils, as well as an endless variety of toilet preparations, proprietary articles, patent and homoeopathic medicines, stationery, &c. At the rear of the premises is a suite of handsomely appointed offices, supplied with all the requisites for the prompt despatch of the large amount of clerical work necessitated by the magnitude of the firm’s operations. Here are spacious store-rooms and warehouses containing large surplus stocks of every kind. The connection of the firm extends throughout the most distinguished residents in Clifton, Redland, and the surrounding districts, and they have the honour of being purveyors by appointment to the Prince of Wales.

Of late years the customers of the Messrs. Shirley have increased so rapidly that, for the convenience of those who do not reside close to the Victoria Street establishment, it has been found necessary to open out a series of branches. One of these is situated at 119, White Ladies Road, and is distinguished, like the headquarters of the firm, for the elegance of its appointments and the completeness of its stock. In 1873, again, Mr. Shirley opened another equally well-equipped establishment at 139, White Ladies Road, and in 1889 still another at 49, White Ladies Road, Clifton, both of which are centres of first-class grocery and provision businesses, with wine and spirit licences. And yet again, in 1887, the facilities possessed by the Messrs. Shirley for meeting the requirements of their customers were increased by the opening of magnificent premises at 26 and 28, The Mall, Clifton, which occupy a very commanding position, and which started a new era in the style of shop-fitting in the district. In the same year the Messrs. Shirley, emboldened by the remarkable success which they had achieved in the West of England, made a peaceful and, as events have proved, a triumphant invasion of the metropolis by establishing a first-class business at West Kensington. The four last-mentioned establishments are known in their respective districts as the Civil and Military Stores.

Nor does this finish the list of the well-conceived and successfully accomplished enterprises of the firm, for they have recently acquired by purchase the well-known and old-established business known as the Clifton Supply, which was established at the beginning of the century, and has been for many years conducted with a large measure of prosperity by Mr. Robert R. Wheeler, at Portland House, The Mall, Clifton. This house has long been famous for the quality of its Cheddar and other cheeses, and amongst its other specialities have always been numbered Wiltshire hams and bacon, butter, tea, and coffee, &c. In the hands of Messrs. Shirley & Son it is certain that the prestige of the old-established firm will suffer no loss in these or in other respects. The copiously illustrated catalogue of goods and prices periodically issued by Messrs. Shirley & Son is justly regarded as a most valuable work of reference throughout the Clifton and Bristol districts. The prices quoted are universally moderate, and in many cases exceptionally low.

MELHUISH & DEW, COACHBUILDERS, &C.,
46, MAUDLIN STREET, BRISTOL.

THIS admirably-organised business was originally established some twenty years ago by Messrs. Davey & Co., and that firm created a valuable and widespread connection which has been considerably enlarged since. More than twelve months ago the whole concern was taken over by Messrs. B. Melhuish and F. Dew, both of whom brought to their enterprise a thorough technical knowledge of the different departments of the industry. The premises, which cover a considerable area, are situated at the rear of 46, Maudlin Street, and comprise a series of commodious workshops devoted respectively to the several departments of coachbuilding. In these a large staff of highly skilled mechanics and others, including body-makers, wheelwrights, smiths, painters, and carriage upholsterers, are constantly employed, under the assiduous supervision of the principals, who are thus enabled personally to guarantee that carefulness in every detail of workmanship which has won for the firm the unreserved confidence of a large circle of customers, including some of the leading industrial and commercial houses in Bristol and the United Kingdom, and many of the most socially-distinguished families in the surrounding districts.

The illustration above represents one of the many furniture vans supplied to a firm in Kent. Large stocks of valuable timber, thoroughly seasoned, are always on hand, and afford an indication, of the care which is exercised in using only the very best of materials for repairing work, as well as for the production of new vehicles. The excellent organisation of the whole establishment and the exceptional business aptitude of the principals enables them to exercise the utmost economy in all their industrial operations, and thus to compete, as to price and all other material points, on the most favourable terms, with the best and most famous firms of coachbuilders in the West of England. They have facilities for the construction, in accordance with the most graceful and convenient designs, of all classes of vehicles, but they have wisely taken particular pains to support the special reputation which their predecessors gained for breaks and furniture vans. The vehicles which they build in these two classes are renowned for their wonderful combination of lightness with strength, and for their remarkable durability. Messrs. Melhuish & Dew spare no trouble in order to meet the special requirements of each of their patrons, and they fully deserve the large measure of success which they have already secured.

T. W. ASPINALL, BUILDER AND GENERAL CONTRACTOR,
21 AND 31, NELSON PARADE, BEDMINSTER, BRISTOL.

IN 1885, Mr. T. W. Aspinall began the business which he has since conducted with great success as a general contractor. At the present moment Mr. Aspinall, who possesses a thorough technical knowledge of the requirements of the trade, has also all the facilities for carrying out his ideas with promptitude and exactness. In his premises at 21, Nelson Parade there is a well-appointed office, with all the requisites for the expedition of the correspondence and other clerical business of the firm. At No. 31 in the same thoroughfare there are commodious workshops and yards, stables, &c.; while there are saw-mills at Stillhouse Lane and a mortar-yard at 21, Clarke Street, Bedminster. The yard is well stocked with timber, and in the workshops there is machinery for the saving of labour and the perfecting of processes. Mr. Aspinall, therefore, is in a position to compete on the most favourable terms with any house in the building and decorating trades in all its branches. He has had much valuable experience in the execution of contracts of all kinds. Plans and estimates are submitted whenever desired. Mr. Aspinall is thoroughly conversant with the different branches of the trade in which he is engaged, and his business is rapidly extending as the result of the energy with which he devotes himself to his work. He is assisted by a large and competent staff. Mr. Aspinall has recently acquired the North Street Brick and Tile Works, covering between three and four acres of land, and capable of turning out fifty thousand bricks per week, besides Roman tiles, Creese tiles and flooring squares.

H. O, STRONG, ENGINEER AND MACHINIST,
NORFOLK WORK, GLO’STER STREET, ST. PAUL’S, BRISTOL.

THIS noted business was established as far back as 1877, and from a comparatively small beginning has been developed by industry and skill into one of the most capable and influential in the district. Extensive and commodious premises are occupied, consisting of several blocks of buildings two or three storeys in height, and comprising offices, warehouses and workshops. The equipment is of a very complete character, including the latest and most improved plant and apparatus known to the trade, together with many valuable labour-saving appliances that have been introduced by the ingenious proprietor. The extent of the transactions give employment to a force of some fifty skilled hands. Under advantageous conditions Mr. Strong is occupied in the manufacture of various classes of machinery, and more particularly of parts and fittings for the “Crossley” gas-engine, which is a great speciality with him, and as competent and experienced artificers alone are employed, the work turned out is such as will stand comparison with any in the locality, while, in the matter of prices, an improvement cannot be made anywhere else. The machinery and plant turned out here are well-known among the leading users and the principal owners of works, and are universally held in high appreciation for their good material, sound workmanship and finish. The house bears an excellent name for the manufacture of special machinery for particular trades, notably for the boot and shoe trade and the printing trade, and their productions are to be found in all establishments of this kind in Bristol or the surrounding country.

Foremost among these well-known apparatus stands the tip-finishing machine for grinding and polishing tip heels, plugged bottoms, &c. It is thoroughly efficient, turning out, with the assistance of a boy, as many as fifty pairs of heels and bottoms in an hour. There are also the rapid lift-cutting machine, and the standard cutting press, as well as every description of cutters for the boot trade. The standard label-punching machine for the printing trade is the best thing of the kind for cutting every description of fancy labels, envelopes, boxes, photo-mounts, and similar articles, and is giving the greatest satisfaction to many large firms. Another important line with this house is the manufacture of punches for fancy box making, collar cutting, all kinds of printers’ work and bag-makers. Specimens of the many serviceable machines and appliances made by the firm, are on view in the show-room, and stocks are kept of the current manufactures from which orders can be promptly filled. Trustworthy and experienced workmen are sent out to fit up new machines, and at the works particular attention is given to all kinds of repairs. By supplying on all occasions a thoroughly efficient and reliable article, a widespread and valuable connection has been established in and around Bristol, and this house is steadily progressing with every passing year. Mr. Strong occupies a position of considerable importance in the business circles of the locality, and is everywhere regarded with esteem for his straightforward dealings and his strict personal integrity.

ALFRED SARGENT VOSPER, BAKER, CORN, FLOUR, AND SEED FACTOR,
62, WEST STREET, BRISTOL.

DATING back in its foundation to the remote times of seventy-seven years ago, the records of this prosperous concern show that it was organised by a Mr. Bobbert at another address in the same leading business thoroughfare, having been transferred to its present eligible quarters about five years since by its present able and energetic proprietor, whose experience extends over a period of a quarter of a century. Indeed, this was an old-established baking business before Mr. Bobbert’s time, so that the full records extend back over a hundred years. The premises occupied comprise a spacious shop, with a commodious warehouse at the rear, and a perfectly equipped modern bakery attached, and are admirably appointed throughout with every facility and convenience for the rapid transaction of a vast business, which Mr. Vosper has sedulously cultivated in every district throughout the city, the business pressure at headquarters being relieved by a branch warehouse at Newtown. Vosper’s bread is well and favourably known, and very largely demanded throughout Bristol — a fact that serves as ample testimony to its high excellence and wholesome properties. In addition to plain and fancy breads, Mr, Vosper operates on a large scale as a distributor and factor in corn, flour, and all manner of seeds, and has won a well-merited and widespread renown for his specialities in Scotch oatmeal, and meals of all the popular varieties, for his poultry foods, and for his machine- cleaned birdseeds. In each and every one of these commodities, including the bread, he does a substantial wholesale as well as select family trade, entailing the employment of a numerous staff of competent and carefully trained hands, and of a constant service of five carts, which daily cover the whole area of the city. The business is indeed a conspicuous example of success worthily achieved, and all its characteristics are those of a house whose nature has been influenced and whose methods have been formed by a constant connection with an essentially superior class of trade.

R. H. WARLOW, IRONMONGER, CUTLER, AND TOOL DEALER,
THE BRISTOL TOOL WAREHOUSE, 2, CASTLE STREET, BRISTOL.

THIS business was founded about a quarter of a century ago by Mr. Mundy, who commenced operations on the spot still occupied. Mr. Mundy sold the business some ten years ago to Mr. Robert Henry Warlow, the present sole proprietor, under whose persevering administration the concern has made gratifying progress. At first Mr. Warlow confined himself mainly to the cabinet ironmongery, and ultimately succeeded in developing this important branch into one of the largest and most valuable of the kind in the West of England. Enlargements of the premises were necessary to keep pace with the increased amount of business done, and at the present time every convenience is possessed for effectively controlling a business of this special description. The premises are capitally located in one of the busiest thoroughfares of the city, and consist of an extensive double-fronted shop. The building extends back for a considerable distance into Peter Street, where there is another entrance. The interior has been thoroughly well fitted up with every requisite for the accommodation of the multifarious stocks and the comfort of visitors. His long acquaintance with the business has given him a close knowledge of the best makers in every branch of his trade, while the extent of his dealings give him great weight in buying. He exercises sound judgment in making his selections, so that patrons get the most reliable and latest style of goods at prices that cannot be equalled elsewhere. His goods are in many cases manufactured especially for him by well-known Birmingham and Sheffield houses. Large quantities of manufactured articles are obtained from our “American cousins.”

Everything Mr. Warlow handles is perfectly guaranteed to be of superior character, an important feature in the department of industrial activity he caters for, where so much depends upon the quality of the tool in maintaining the excellence of the production. The stocks held are large in extent and comprehensive in character, showing on the part of the proprietor a thorough knowledge of the requirements of his customers down to the smallest detail. They include specially ample and well-selected supplies of every description of mechanical tools, saws, planes, tool chests, turning lathes, fretwork machines, garden tools, chisels, gouges, brace bits, London planes, plane irons, metallic braces, augers, files, hammers, &c. A leading line is made of locks, in which goods the house shows an unequalled assortment at such prices as cannot fail to give entire satisfaction. Every kind of lock is comprised in this collection. By supplying immediately the best possible kind of goods at reasonable prices, a connection of a widespread and high-class character has been developed, and the future prosperity of the house laid upon a secure and certain foundation. No greater compliment can be paid to Mr. Warlow’s administrative skill than to say that the success has been scored without recourse to advertising in any shape or form.

JOHN HUNTER,- TAILOR, HOSIER, &C.,
67, CASTLE STREET, BRISTOL.

OVER thirty-two years ago Mr. John Hunter succeeded to the prosperous business which had been formed by his father half a century since, and for the past twelve years he has conducted it with ever-increasing success at the eligible quarters now occupied, near to the centre of Castle Street. The premises, which are the largest of their kind for bespoke tailoring in the city, were especially built to meet the requirements of Mr. Hunter’s trade, and, in addition to the spacious handsomely appointed show-room, is provided with large healthy workrooms, the entire accommodation extending for a distance of about one hundred and twenty feet to the waterside at the rear. The show-room is always fully stocked with all the latest and most fashionable fabrics for the season in tailoring materials, conspicuous amongst which are the noted stockingette fabrics for Dr. Jaeger’s sanitary woollen clothing system, for which Mr. Hunter acts as the district agent.

Naval and military uniforms, court dress, clerical garb, and gentlemen’s fashionable attire for all occasions, together with sportsmen’s, athletic, and tourists’ suits, hunting outfits, and riding breeches and trousers, boys’ clothing, ladies’ habits, jackets, ulsters, mantles, and costumes, and servants’ liveries and the like, are all included in Mr. Hunter’s productions; and every garment emanating from his establishment possesses an individuality of style, a perfection of fit, hygienic construction, and faultless finish that can only be imparted by a thorough master of the sartorial art. The workmanship is always the best that can be secured by the employment of the most skilful and experienced hands, while his charges are in all cases moderate, and based upon the lowest possible scale of charges consistent with first-class work and the best quality of materials. Mr. Hunter, moreover, supplies all manner of hosiery and underwear, producing the knitted goods upon the premises; and it may be mentioned in this place that he was the first to introduce the hand-knitting machine into Bristol, the sale for which he has transferred to Mr. Redwood, whose premises are located but two doors distant from his house (No. 67). Mr. Hunter’s trade is exclusively bespoke, and consequently cultivated principally among the upper and well-to-do classes of the community, his patrons being periodically waited upon by a special traveller with patterns and samples, and Bristol and its surroundings for a radius of thirty miles being sedulously and successfully canvassed in this way. For the rest, the business stands as a conspicuous example of substantial success worthily achieved; and all its characteristics are those of a house whose nature has been influenced and whose methods have been formed by a constant connection with an essentially superior class of trade.

F. HEAFIELD & CO., THE GLOVE MANUFACTORY,
20, PARK STREET, BRISTOL; 34, MILSOM STREET, BATH; 137, HIGH STREET, CHELTENHAM.

THIS important firm originated at Bath about thirteen years ago, and opened the Bristol establishment in 1889. For the past five years they have also had a flourishing branch at Cheltenham. The business is under the personal administration of Mr. F. Heafield, the sole principal, and is one of the most noteworthy and successful concerns of its kind in this part of the Kingdom. Its special object is to enable the public to obtain first-class gloves at manufacturers’ prices, and to this end the firm supply direct from their own factory, dispensing with the intervention of the “middleman.” The factory is at Bath, and is equipped in the best style. The most skilful hands are employed, aided by the most effective machinery and appliances, and at this establishment a highly interesting and perfect exemplification of the art of glove-making is given.

The Bristol house, well situated in Park Street, comprises a handsome and commodious shop, and contains a fine stock of the high-class and thoroughly reliable gloves turned out by this firm, quality of material and character of workmanship being all of the best. Messrs. F. Heafield & Co. not only manufacture and supply all the usual sizes of gloves for ladies’ and gentlemen’s wear in various styles and materials, but also make gloves to order for special purposes or for deformed hands, paying very careful attention to this important class of work. The works at Bath are always open to inspection, and at stated intervals the processes of glove making are exhibited in the windows of the Bristol establishment.

Messrs. F. Heafield & Co. can fill all orders with the utmost promptitude, having the largest stock of gloves in the West of England; and the variety of their manufactures is so large as to embrace every conceivable kind of glove for ladies’, gentlemen’s, and children’s wear. Perfect fit, correct style, and good finish are always combined with sound materials and workmanship in the production of Messrs. Heafield’s gloves; and this fact wilt sufficiently explain the widespread demand existing for the firm’s goods. They gained a silver medal at Cheltenham in 1889 for superior excellence. Messrs. Heafield & Co. have customers in nearly all parts of the world, and besides supplying the wants of a very large home trade connection, they ship quantities of their goods to Australia, India, Japan, &c. The business is personally conducted by Mr. F. Heafield, and is making constant progress under his able and vigorous management.

W. POTTINGER & CO., BILLIARD AND BAGATELLE TABLE MANUFACTURERS,
HANMER’S BUILDINGS, PARK STREET, AND 26, CORONATION ROAD, BRISTOL.

THIS eminent firm, which, was established, some twenty years ago, may be said to have entirely superseded the older established London houses in the West Country, nor is their fame confined to this part of the Kingdom, for they have influential connections in all parts of the British Isles as well as abroad. This remarkable success is almost entirely due to the energetic management of Mr. W. Pottinger, who brought to the business invaluable experience, gained while occupying a responsible position with the principal makers in the country. The premises of the firm, which are situated in Hanmer’s Buildings, Park Street, are admirably adapted to the requirements of the extensive trade in operation. Beyond commodious workshops, replete with the most modern and approved machinery and appliances, the firm have a spacious and well-lighted show-room, in which are exhibited many specimens of their productions, all displaying the very latest improvements. Mr. Pottinger is himself the inventor of three very ingenious contrivances which have been generally approved by all classes of billiard players, and have been adopted by Mr. John Roberts, the champion. These inventions are the patent automatic chalk-holder, the patent automatic billiard pocket, and the registered single-light burner, throwing no shadow, and entirely superseding the three-ring burner.

Mr. Pottinger has fitted up tables which have given every satisfaction in all the leading hotels in the West Country. They have been played on by all the leading professionals, and have been pronounced by Mr. John Roberts to be the best he had met with in this part of the country. Mr. Pottinger is always to the fore in any matter which is calculated to promote the best interests of the fascinating game of billiards. The productions of the house have been favourably noticed by the press in all parts of the country, and the tables have given unqualified satisfaction wherever they have been erected. Billiards is not the only branch of sport in which Mr. Pottinger has excelled, for his name, familiarly known to the older, is not forgotten by the younger race of oarsmen, as a sculler who has done excellent work upon champion courses in all parts of the country.

BROWN & WIGLEY, HAT AND CAP MANUFACTURERS AND WHOLESALE WAREHOUSEMEN,
UNION STREET, AND NARROW WINE STREET, BRISTOL.

THE history of the above house goes back to 1843, when it was established by Mr. Steadman, trading as J. J. Steadman & Co., who created a high reputation as a hat and cap manufacturer, and gained a valuable connection, which was both wholesale and retail in its character. Mr. Steadman retired from business in November, 1888, and was succeeded by Messrs. Brown & Wigley. Amongst other important alterations which accompanied this change, the most important was the abandonment of the retail department, and the concentration of the firm’s energies upon the wholesale business, which has resulted in the considerable extension of the miscellaneous trade of the house, and the development of a valuable connection for purposes of export with the leading shipping firms in Bristol and London.

The premises comprise an imposing four-storeyed building, with a fine frontage to Union Street and an entrance in Narrow Wine Street, in convenient proximity to Wine Street, the leading business thoroughfare in the City. There is a suite of well-appointed offices, general and private, on the ground floor, and the extensive making-up, packing and forwarding departments are provided with all the appliances of modern device, for the rapid despatch of goods. The registered telegraphic address of the firm is: Hats, Bristol.” On the other floors are show-rooms, ample enough to point to the carefully systematic arrangement of the great variety of goods trafficked in by the firm. Such are the resources of the firm that, so far as their own specialities are concerned, they can defy competition, while their relations with the principal producers of other goods are so intimate and extensive that they are able to place their clients on the beat possible terms, both as regards quality and price.

The principal department of Messrs. Brown & Wigley’s warehouse includes a splendid stock of silk hats, as well as felt hats, black and coloured, under their several denominations of zephyrs, gordons, pagets, &c. In soft felts, there is ample choice of clericals, leons, cavours, and lounges, while tweed hats are found in great variety. Caps are kept in equally great diversity, including tweed varsity and helmet caps, and also those of such varieties as bicycle, jockey, pilot, naval and military, smoking, cricketing, “P. & O.,” "Cunard,” Boston-Navy, travelling, and knitted Tam-o’-Shanters. The firm have a high reputation throughout the trade for the “Verano” felt hat, of which they are the sole proprietors. In addition to these, the firm hold heayy stocks of men’s and youth’s silk scarves and ties, in the newest shapes and fabrics, and also of braces, belts, silk handkerchiefs, mufflers, rugs, &c. The demand for all these classes of goods is constantly on the increase, amongst an ever-widening circle of customers.

E. SPRECKLEY, TEA, GROCERY, AND PROVISION STORES,
100, STOKE’S CROFT, BRISTOL.

THIS notable business was founded a quarter of a century ago by the present sole proprietor, Mr. E. Spreckley at the above address. The premises are by far the most conspicuous in this well-known part of Bristol. There is extensive floorage, the shop running to the rear a distance of about 100 feet. There are four counters, a large staff of civil and competent assistants, while the stands, shelvings, &c., serve to display to advantage what is really a rational and reliable stock. As a grocer, and tea and provision merchant, Mr. Spreckley has, during his long and prosperous career, amply demonstrated that he is in the possession of an intimate knowledge of all the details in connection with the same; and in addition to the grocery business he is agent to W. & A. Gilbey, and holds a large stock of wines, spirits, and beers. The stocks are chosen with sound judgment, and fresh arrivals of groceries are always to hand, including all the many sundries of that department, with all kinds of tinned goods of the best brand, plain and fancy biscuits, jams, marmalades, pickles, sauces, fruits, spices, prepared foods, prime hams and bacon, and general English, Irish, and American produce. In the evening the place presents a specially attractive appearance, being brilliantly illuminated by seventeen gas jets. Consistent trading, and the supplying of a first-class article at a fair price, have drawn round Mr. E. Spreckley a valuable and far-reaching connection.

WOOD & CO., COMPLETE UNDERTAKERS,
PERRY ROAD, BRISTOL.

THE above-named business was originally established in 1879, by the present sole representative of the firm, Mr. G. L. Wood, who has since continued the concern with steadily progressive success, trading under the style of Messrs. Wood & Co. The premises occupied by the firm are situated at 10 and 11, Perry Road, and comprise a commodious establishment, replete with every convenience and requisite for the efficient carrying out of a business of this character. The firm undertakes the complete furnishing and conducting of funerals of every class, providing all the necessary accessories and equipment, and performing all the duties attached to these last solemn rites with befitting decorum. A staff of able and intelligent assistants is employed to carry out the arrangements, and in the completeness and efficiency of every detail of the management the firm must certainly be assigned the highest praise. We may also add that the trade is supplied with every requisite. The business is carried out under the immediate personal supervision of the principal, whose courteous and unremitting attention to the requirements of all classes, combined with high-class style at moderate charges, have established for Messrs. Wood the well-won position the firm deservedly enjoys.

THOMAS THATCHER, ENGRAVER, DIE-SINKER, BOOKBINDER, STATIONER AND PRINTER,
44, COLLEGE GREEN, BRISTOL.

ANY record of the representative houses engaged in the stationery, printing, and kindred trades of the City of Bristol would indeed be deficient without due reference to the important and leading place filled by the noted house whose rise and progress furnishes the theme of the present brief historical review. Organised some thirty years ago under the able and vigorous auspices of its present talented proprietor, the commercial development of the concern has been both rapid and continuous from the very commencement, a gratifying condition of things that is clearly traceable to the reliability and high excellence, as well as good value for money, of all the goods offered for sale, and to the spirited and thoroughly sound policy of administration adopted in the conduct of all its affairs.

The premises occupied are in every point of character and situation precisely adapted to the requirements of a brisk and essentially superior class of trade. They consist of a large and substantial four-storeyed building, the whole of which is utilised for business purposes. The spacious ground floor, with its fine array of attractive and artistically dressed windows, is handsomely appointed throughout in the best modern style, and most methodically arranged to hold and effectively display a complete and comprehensive selection of superior goods, illustrative of all manner of plain, commercial, educational, and fancy stationery, office requisites of every kind, books in every branch of literature, periodicals and newspapers up to date, special lines in articles for prizes and presentations, and Christmas and birthday cards, and an almost endless variety of fancy articles of novelty and utility, such as are incidental to a first-class modern stationery depot. Surplus stock, moreover, is held in heavy bulk in a large warehouse located at Mark Lane.

In his executive department Mr. Thatcher, with a staff of about twenty-five skilled and experienced hands, operates in every branch of engraving, die-sinking, bookbinding, and printing, and also acts as a publisher of select photographic views and portraits of celebrities, one of the largest and best collections of which is always en evidence at “Ye Box on Clifton Suspension Bridge.” As an enthusiastic collector of autographs and of models of cathedrals, Mr. Thatcher has formed quite a unique exhibition at his place of business, which is now one of the well-known sights to be seen by all visitors to Bristol. The collection includes models, all on the same scale, of twenty-three English and twelve foreign churches, including the cathedrals of Bristol, Durham, Gloucester, Wells, York Minster, Worcester, Canterbury, and St. Paul’s at home, and those of Cologne, Beauvais, Strasburg, Rouen, Notre Dame, Evreux, and a very handsome one of St. Peter’s at Rome with the plaza in front. Among the autographs are those of Queen Victoria, Prince Henry of Battenberg, the King and Queen of Portugal, the King and Queen of. Saxony, the Czar and Czarina, the Bishops of Lincoln, Ely, Bath and Wells, Bangor, Chester, Durham, the Archbishop of Canterbury, Mr. D. Billington, Sir Augustus Harris, the late Sir Richard Owen, Dr. Vaughan, of the Temple, London, Sir Francis Seymour, Professor Blackie, the late Cardinal Manning, the late Jenny Lind, the late Lord and Lady Byron, Mr. H. M. Stanley, and a letter from Charles Dickens to his secretary, Mr. Headland.

Mr. Thatcher’s connections and facilities are manifestly of a superior order, enabling him to offer special advantages to customers, and to execute all commands, whether for goods or work, in an economical, prompt, and satisfactory manner. Personally, he is well known and highly esteemed in both social and commercial circles as an enterprising, honourable, and thoroughly capable business man, liberal and fair in all transactions, and well deserving of the substantial success he is achieving. “Thatcher for presents” is familiar as household words, and Thatcher’s window has attained an almost world-wide notoriety. Mr. Thatcher has a remarkable aptitude for obtaining with wonderful promptitude items of popular interest, and his manner of putting novelties and specialities before the public is ingenious and telling. Mr. Thatcher’s advertisements, like his window, are always novel, original, and bristling. The prominent divine, leading politician, notorious warrior, murderer, swindler, philanthropist, actor, actress, artist, or any special scene or locality occupying public interest at the moment, are always promptly and cleverly manipulated by Mr. Thatcher’s artistic tact and vivid imagination. His window is always crowded by eager spectators, his advertisements are picked out from the crowd, and are copied all over the country.

Mr. Thatcher has a penchant for literature as well as for business. He wrote “The Parental Don’t,” which has had an enormous sale. He has scribbled on “Early Closing,” “Strikes,” and “Religious Bazaars.” Mr. J. A. Froude, the eminent man of letters, directly he saw Mr. Thatcher’s first brochure, wrote:- “It contains more sense in a small space than any work which I have read for a long time;” and the same gentleman in acknowledging a second brochure by Mr. Thatcher, wrote:— “Your excellent little pamphlet makes me wish to be acquainted with the writer of it. Give me an opportunity of thanking you personally should your business bring you to London.” The Queen of Roumania wrote:— “Her Majesty wishes Mr. Thatcher’s book to be translated into the Roumanian language in order that parents and children here may profit by the excellent hints therein contained.” Mr. Thatcher has received dozens of highly complimentary letters of thanks from such prominent men and women as nearly all the kings and queens of Europe, Lord Salisbury, Mr. Gladstone, late Cardinal Newman, Dr. Samuel Smiles, Sir Theodore Martin, Mrs. Lynn Linton, Lord Derby, and a long, very long list of literary celebrities of the highest order.

Mr. Thatcher’s business prominence is, perhaps, largely the outcome of literary skill, force and acumen, proving, even from a business point of view, that “the pen is mightier than the sword.” Mr. Thatcher’s shop has risen from a very small commencement to the enviable position of being one of the most popular shops of Bristol — indeed, the most popular in his particular and varied departments. Whatever he does, whether in bookselling, bookbinding, printing, engraving, die-sinking, stationery, fashionable, commercial, or legal, is sure to be done well, cheaply, thoroughly, and with remarkable promptitude and obliging attention. His assistants have been with him many years. The premises have expanded with the business, and altogether we prophesy there are few more promising or flourishing concerns in the West of England, if indeed throughout the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. We cannot do better, perhaps, than conclude this notice with an example of Mr. Thatcher’s skill as a parodist.

To be or not to be? — that is the question;
Whether ’tis nobler in the mind to suffer
Vile strokes and scratches from outrageous Pens,
Or to take up THATCHER’S, ’gainst a sea of others,
And, using it, to end them? To write — with ease —
For ever! And, with that ease, to say we end
The headache and the thousand natural shocks
Which clerks are heir to — ‘tis a consummation
Devoutly to be wished! To write — with ease —
With ease! enhanced to speed! Aye, there’s the rub!
As ’tis with ease of Pen our thoughts will flow,
Now we have shuffled off that mortal toil
We cease to pause! Here’s the good Pen
That lessens the calamities of life;
For who will suffer the whips and scorns of time,
The writer’s wrongs, the schoolmaster’s contumely!
The fangs of despised Pens, cause of delays
A nuisance in an office, and the spurns
Which patient merit of Pen unworthy takes,
When he himself can his quietus make
By using THATCHER’S? Who would Gillott’s bear,
Or grunt and sweat over a Mitchell’s J,
When but the act of trying THATCHER’S Pen,
That well-discovered luxury, from which boon
No traveller will turn, puzzles no will,
And makes us cease to bear the ills we had —
To write with comfort, which we knew not of?
As knowledge should make wise men of us all,
Then let the native hue of resolution
Stick fast no more ’til this good pen is sought;
And enterprises of great pith and moment
With this resolve their currents turn or glide
The Pen, the spring, of action!

WILLIAM GEORGE’S SONS, THE BOOK STORE,
TOP CORNER PARK STREET, BRISTOL.

THIS flourishing business, which is conducted with an exceptional amount of bibliographical knowledge, was founded in Bristol in 1847 by Mr. William George. As the present style and title of the firm implies, the business is now conducted by the sons of the founder, Messrs. C. W. and F. George, who are both animated by an enthusiastic love of books, and especially of valuable and rare old books. The Messrs. George have occupied their present premises for about ten years, their establishment being appropriately described as the “Sign of the Cabot’s Head.” The premises comprise a large and handsomely appointed shop and show-room, which are literally packed with books and literary or artistic matter. The principal business of the firm consists in the exportation of certain classes of books to all parts of the world, the chief market for their precious wares being the United States of America. As to their special methods of conducting this interesting business, the distinguishing feature in their system is the issue of admirably got-up catalogues, the contents of which are, in each case, restricted to particular classes of books. Thus a recent issue is “The New World Book List (C). Descriptive and Priced Catalogue of Books, Maps, and Manuscripts, illustrative of the discovery, topography, and history of America and its islands: biographies of colonists and natives of the New World: products of the American press.” Another catalogue is entitled, “Third Collection. The History, Exploration, and Literature of Asia, especially relating to the Indian Empire. With a supplement on Australasia.” A third is headed, “Books relating to the Continent of Africa, and to the Islands in the surrounding Oceans. Elucidating the ancient history of Egypt and the Mediterranean coasts, the mediaeval and modern voyages and travels discovering the entire continent: narratives of the pioneers of research, science, commerce, and sport: modern history of its native states and European colonies; the whole collection arranged under names of the writers of the books herein described.” “Topography, heraldry, etc. (twelve hundred works on the County and Family Histories of Great Britain and Ireland).” It will be understood that each of these catalogues is intended, primarily, for circulation in the quarter of the globe to which it has special reference. In order to maintain their wonderful supply, the Messrs. George become the purchasers of most of the libraries which are for sale throughout a wide district. They have recently opened out a branch in Oxford, where their ingenious labours are much appreciated.

JAMES FAWN & SON, BOOKSELLERS,
THE BRISTOL BOOK MART, QUEEN’S ROAD, BRISTOL.

ORGANISED as far back as the year 1828 by Mr. Thomas Kerslake, this, the oldest established and most highly reputed book and stationery depot in Bristol, was joined by Mr. James Fawn in the year 1840. Twenty years later Mr. Fawn was chosen a partner, and in 1876 succeeded as sole proprietor of the concern. In 1878 Mr. Fawn was joined in partnership by his son, Mr. James Mattock Fawn, and the present style was finally adopted. The premises, now popularly known as “The Bristol Book Mart,” have been in continuous occupation as such for fully five-and-twenty years, and comprise a spacious shop, handsomely appointed throughout in the best modern style, and most methodically arranged with a very large and comprehensive stock of books, both new and second-hand, in every branch of literature, and especially of rare tomes dealing with matters of antiquarian interest; all kinds of plain, fancy, and commercial stationery, office requisites, and stationers’ sundries, and well-equipped workshops, where bookbinding and kindred operations are carried on by a staff of skilled and experienced craftsmen. Messrs. Fawn & Son periodically issue a clearly-printed catalogue and price-list, which they distribute broadcast to the numerous patrons on their books in every quarter of the globe, and enjoy a correspondingly far-reaching clientele, drawn principally from the leading litterateurs, statesmen, noblemen, and others, both at home and abroad, and apropos of this it may be mentioned that they have enjoyed the patronage of such distinguished personages as H.M. the Queen, Lord Wolseley, Mr. Gladstone, the late Mr. C. H. Spurgeon, and many others. Both the principals take an active part in the direction of the business, and the marked success that has thus far attended the concern is directly due to the personal ability and energy, system and regularity which have characterised its administration from the very first, and it is manifestly their resolution that the high reputation they have won shall not only be well sustained but steadily enhanced in time to come.

W. GALBRAITH, BUILDER, CONTRACTOR, PENNANT AND LIME STONE MERCHANT,
HOTWELL ROAD, BRISTOL.

MR. GALBRAITH established the business, which has now assumed large proportions, in 1873. He originally occupied premises in Nova Scotia Yard, but the extension of the dock system necessitated a removal to the present commodious quarters, which are known as Poole’s Wharf, in the Hotwell Road. They cover a large area, and comprise extensive yards and workshops. The latter are fitted with all the requisite machinery, of the most approved modern type, for saving labour in building operations of all kinds. The yards are ample enough to permit of the systematic arrangement of the heavy stocks of building materials, &c., which are always held. In the sanitary depot large quantities of the best Staffordshire drain pipes and other sanitary appliances are also kept in readiness to meet the demands of all customers. The commercial headquarters of the business are at this wharf, comprising a suite of well-appointed general and private offices, which are provided with telephonic communication, and with all the other requisites for the prompt despatch of the correspondence and other clerical work necessitated by the operations of the house. Mr. Galbraith has executed, in a thoroughly satisfactory manner, among other important works, many large contracts in the city for the Bristol Corporation. He also occupies a position of honourable prominence in the leading industrial centres of the district, as proprietor of large and valuable quarries at Potter’s Wood, Keynsham, Hanham Common, Birchwood, and Brislington — all on the banks of the Avon, also at Fishponds. These quarries are capable of producing almost any amount of first-class pennant stone, such as is used in the construction of all sorts of important buildings, docks, &c. Thus the firm supplied part of the stone used in the construction of the Avonmouth and Portishead Docks; and, at the present time, holds extensive contracts for supplying stone for similar purposes.
The telephone number of the firm is 66, and the registered telegraphic address: “Galbraith, Bristol.”

G. W. SKINNER & CO., HAT AND CAP MANUFACTURERS,
CASTLE HOUSE, BRISTOL.

THIS extensive establishment has been in active operation over half a century. The present proprietor, Mr. G. W. Skinner, has been in possession for the past, fifteen years. The premises comprise a large and well-equipped factory of three storeys, the various departments are replete with machinery and appliances of the most improved description, and a large number of hands are regularly employed. Messrs. G. W. Skinner & Co. turn out in large and increasing quantities gentlemen’s silk hats in all the newest styles and shapes; felt hats in endless variety; also cloth and tweed caps, and are especially noted for their waterproof cravenette P. & O. and naval and military caps of superior finish. A large and thoroughly representative stock is always on hand ready for immediate delivery, and, with the superior manufacturing facilities at command, the firm are enabled to punctually execute orders on the most favourable terms. In addition to the extensive home connection Messrs. Skinner & Co. do a large and increasing export trade, especially to the Colonies. The business is steadily increasing in scope, influence, and magnitude, and it owes its conspicuous prosperity and bright future prospects to the careful and conscientious principles which have always characterised its administration, winning widespread confidence, and ensuring the continuous growth of a valuable and desirable patronage.

JAMES W. ARROWSMITH, PRINTER AND PUBLISHER,
11, QUAY STREET, BRISTOL.

IT may fairly be said, without any rhetorical exaggeration, that, of all the men of his generation, Mr. James W. Arrowsmith has done the most to familiarise the name of Bristol in the minds of readers in all parts of the earth, whose only definite idea of the ancient city is that it is a source from which issues a perpetual stream of high-class entertaining literature. The firm of which this gentleman is now the principal dates back to 1829. In those early days, when the business was conducted by Messrs. Philp & Evans, it had a most successful record. Mr. Isaac Arrowsmith joined the firm in 1854, and under his influence the printing department of the business came into special prominence. In 1862, Mr. James W. Arrowsmith, who had begun his business career as a builder, became a member of the firm. At this period the retail business had been entirely given up, and the operations of the house were entirely confined to printing. About 1881 Mr. J. W. Arrowsmith had arrived at the conclusion that the publishing business might be conducted, within certain limits, as successfully from a great provincial centre as from the metropolis. The contrary had always been held by the authorities, on the ground that the special facilities for distribution possessed by London were indispensable to success. It is unnecessary to remark that Mr. Arrowsmith’s boldness has been so sustained by his perseverance and his exceptional powers of organisation and administration that, so far as his own enterprise is concerned, he has triumphantly exploded the axioms of the experts. His success is all the more remarkable because while, on the one hand, Bristol has no such literary history as that which, for example, has been created in Edinburgh by the old firms of Blackwood, Constable, and Chambers, Mr. Arrowsmith, on the other hand, disdained to follow the example of successful publishers in Manchester and elsewhere, by seeking to produce literature or semi-literary matter in illustration of the staple industries of the district. On the contrary, he has boldly challenged such publishers as Routledge or Ward & Lock on their own ground, and has come most successfully out of the trial.

It was characteristic of his promptitude that he had no sooner formed his plan of action than he proceeded to act upon it by issuing his first Christmas annual, entitled, “Thirteen at Dinner,” in which appeared “Hugh Conway’s” first prose story, entitled, “The Daughter of the Stars.” It is notable that when this venture had resulted in a heavy loss, Mr. Arrowsmith, nothing daunted, proceeded to prepare at once for the publication of his second annual. This was written by May Crommelin, and was entitled “Brown Eyes,” and, in its form as an annual, was also a financial failure. Then came the turn of the tide, which was marked by the publication of “Hugh Conway’s” “Called Back.” This famous work was originally issued at sixpence, and in the first instance it did not move very briskly. In January, 1884, however, the story began to excite a good deal of attention, and it was republished at a shilling. Ever since, and even after the first flush of the wonderful popularity of this book had passed away, it has been in constant demand, and about three hundred and fifty-four thousand copies have been sold. From that year dates the uninterrupted success of Arrowsmith’s Bristol series of shilling books — “shilling shockers,” as they are sometimes irreverently called, in reference to the frequently thrilling character of their contents, which constitute a distinct and unique feature in modern English literature. It has been followed by an equally successful three-and-sixpenny series, of which the first volume issued was Jerome K. Jerome’s “Three Men in a Boat, to say nothing of the Dog.” Mr. Arrowsmith’s Bristol Library and also some of his publications at two shillings include some of the best work of the most popular authors of the day. In another less ambitious but more distinct class of work, he holds his own as the proprietor and publisher of the local time-tables, which have been issued by the firm for the last thirty-eight years.

The premises of the firm occupy a very prominent and commanding corner site, at the junction of Small and Quay Streets, facing the Stone Bridge. Here, also, was the boundary of the old city wall. There is a well-appointed suite of general and private offices, with telephonic communication, and every other appliance of modern device for facilitating the prompt dispatch of the large amount of clerical work which is entailed by the numerous and important transactions of the house. The telephone number is 98, and the registered telegraphic address is: “Arrowsmith, Bristol.” The industrial departments include everything in the way of working plant which an ample experience could suggest, and a judicious expenditure of capital could command, for all the operations of a very extensive printing, publishing, bookbinding, and wholesale stationery business. The main building, which has four storeys, and a very extensive area of floorage, affords ample accommodation, all of which is utilised in the service of the several departments. There is also an excellently equipped warehouse and factory belonging to the firm in St. Stephen’s Avenue, where all the bookbinding and poster work is performed, a large amount of job printing being done for railway companies and other influential supporters. About a hundred hands, many of whom are expert specialists, are regularly employed in this uniquely important industry.

HEBER DENTY, ENGLISH AND FOREIGN TIMBER MERCHANT,
CANON’S MARSH, BRISTOL.

NUMEROUS as are the great firms of timber merchants who have contributed to build up the splendid reputation of Bristol as a centre for the importation and distribution of timber, there is none which holds a higher position, in regard to the rarer and more costly descriptions of woods, than that which bears the name of Mr. Heber Denty. In 1853 that gentleman founded and organised the business, which he proceeded to build up until, in 1891, he was succeeded by the present sole proprietor, Mr. William Denty. That gentleman, who possesses a thorough technical knowledge of the trade, is naturally interested in maintaining the high reputation of the house, and to that end has zealously devotes himself, with much success, to the extension of the connection. The premises suggest, in some degree, the extent of the firm’s operations. They cover an area of from six to seven acres, and comprise three large yards, which are well stocked with timber, chiefly from foreign sources of supply. There are likewise extensive sawmills, which are amongst the largest works of their class in Bristol. All the woodworking machinery on the premises is of the most approved modern type. It includes circular, vertical, and band saws, turning lathes, and moulding machines, all driven by a powerful steam-engine of modern construction. The firm have made a speciality of the importation of such valuable woods as mahogany, walnut, wainscot oak, teak, lignum vitae, and ebony, from the Baltic, America, &c. Mr. Denty’s intimate and extensive relations with the leading sources from which the supplies of these costly commodities are obtained enable him to place his customers upon the most favourable terms as to price. Ash oars, spokes, felloes, spars, &c., are always kept in stock, and are sold in large quantities. There is on the premises a suite of well-appointed general and private offices, which are most completely furnished.
The firm have telephonic communication, the number being 187, while the registered telegraphic address is, “ Denty, Bristol.”

CHITTOCK & CO., WHOLESALE BOOT AND SHOE MANUFACTURERS,
13, DEAN STREET, PORTLAND SQUARE, BRISTOL.

ORGANISED but three years ago at No. 22, Upper York Street, by the association in business of Messrs. W. S. J. Chittock and J. Hallett, trading under the style and title designated above, the commercial development of this wholesale boot and shoe manufactory became so rapid that it was recently found imperative to remove to the present more convenient and commodious quarters.in Dean Street. The premises occupied comprise a large and substantial building, rising to an elevation of four storeys, and elaborately equipped with the most improved machinery and modern appliances of every kind, entailing the regular employment of a large staff of skilled and experienced craftsmen, under the constant personal supervision of the expert principals. The ground floor of the factory is fully utilised for the storage of vast quantities of the best leathers, grindery and other materials, and is also admirably fitted up for the warehousing of finished goods, whilst the upper storeys are also occupied to their utmost limits in the form of complete departmental workshops, replete with every facility and convenience up to date, for the rapid and efficient production of the boots and shoes for which the firm has become so justly famous. Messrs. Chittock & Co. operate on an extensive scale as producers of a medium class of ladies’ and girls’ boots and shoes for all occasions. Their extensive trade is principally for the supply of retail houses in Ireland, Wales, and the South of England, and the entire business is conducted in a manner and upon principles that have endowed the house with a just claim to rank as a thoroughly representative boot and shoe making establishment, creditable alike to the principals of the house and to the prestige of the industry as developed in the city of Bristol.

H. DENSHAM & SON, TANNERS,
BEDCROSS STREET TANNERY, BRISTOL.

THE remarkable increase which, of late years, has taken place in the importance of the wholesale and retail leather in the Bristol district has naturally brought in its train a corresponding growth in the activity of the tanning trade. Such a house, therefore, as that of Messrs. H. Densham & Son, which, for thirty years, has held a good position amongst the tanning firms of the West of England, has in the ordinary course of events found it necessary to increase their resources of production to a very considerable extent during the last few years. The premises in Redcross Street, which that firm had occupied for over a quarter of a century, were, for the most part, rebuilt in 1887. They have, therefore, been adapted in every respect to the modern standard of excellence required for the production of a first-class leather. The altered and enlarged premises comprise a series of extensive two-storeyed buildings, spacious sheds, and a drying ground of considerable area. The industrial departments are fitted up with the requisite machinery and mechanical appliances for saving labour and perfecting the processes of finishing. Regular employment is given to upwards of thirty hands, many of whom are highly skilled experts, whose work is performed under the supervision of the principals, who possess a thorough technical knowledge of the trade. The result of all this careful organisation is that the productions of Messrs. H. Densham & Son are recognised in the markets as representing standard qualities, and that the firm have obtained the unreserved confidence of a large and increasing circle of customers. They have a wide and valuable connection amongst wholesale houses connected with the different branches of the leather trade, especially for certain commodities the excellence of which has largely increased the reputation of the firm. Thus they have successfully given their particular attention to the production of strap butts for belting, suitable for the Lancashire trade, and they also manufacture large quantities of heavy sole leather, or West of England bends.

HOWES BROTHERS, NEWFOUNDLAND HAT WORKS,
NEWFOUNDLAND ROAD, BRISTOL.

THAT Bristol has a high reputation throughout the hat trade in all parts of the world for the production of the highest grades of felt hats is due to the enlightened enterprise exhibited in conducting the business of the Newfoundland Hat Works, which are the property of Messrs. George and Gilbert Howes. This important industry has a long and honourable record, having been originally established about seventy years ago at Winterbourne, a small village just outside Bristol. Thence, in consequence of a growing connection, it was deemed wise to remove to Castle Street, in the city, and, twenty years ago, for similar reasons, another removal took place to the present commodious premises of the firm in Newfoundland Road. As manufacturers of felt hats the firm are facile princeps in the district, their goods being manufactured entirely either from the best fur, from which the highest descriptions are produced, or from the finest wool, either mixed or unmixed with fur. The high reputation of the house for the excellent quality of its hats has doubtless been enhanced by the fact that they have altogether confined themselves to felt as a material, and have in its use acquired a skill which accounts for the notable success of the firm’s enterprise. The output of the establishment includes all descriptions and sizes of hats for ladies, gentlemen, and children. The industrial departments are equipped with all the most approved modern mechanical appliances, whereby material savings in labour are effected, and the firm are thereby enabled to quote the most moderate prices for their high-class productions. So large is the output that upwards of four hundred hands are regularly employed, many of them being experts of the highest technical skill.

Messrs. Howes Brothers control not only a great wholesale trade throughout the United Kingdom, but a great export business to the Colonies; while many other parts of the world are supplied with their goods through the medium of the great shipping houses. The works occupy premises which have been admirably adapted to the various requirements of the industrial processes conducted by the firm. They comprise a fine block of buildings, covering about three-quarters of aa acre of ground, and having three floors throughout. A suite of very handsomely appointed offices is on the ground floor, and these several apartments, whether general or private, are furnished with all the requisites for the prompt despatch of the large amount of home and foreign correspondence, and other clerical work, necessitated by the magnitude of the operations of the house.

A visit to the Newfoundland Hat Works, including a tour through the numerous different departments in which the various processes of manufacture are successively performed, constitutes an education in the rudiments of felt-hat making. To the rear of this department is the engine-house, with a fine, recently constructed steam-engine, fifty horse-power, and two patent Galloway boilers. The rooms immediately above these boilers are utilised far drying purposes. Close by is an apartment where a large stock of logwood chips is going through the different processes preparatory to being used for dyeing. The process of blocking is performed by a staff of skilled artificers, capable of turning out a thousand dozen weekly. They are then stocked in the hood-room, where a stock of upwards of five thousand dozen or more is frequently held. Messrs. Howes Brothers, however, do not hold large stocks of absolutely finished hats, for the excellent reason that the fashionable shapes are constantly altering. The heavy stocks are, therefore, kept in the hood-room, as from that point the hats undergo the shaping process. All orders for special shapes can thus be executed at short notice. In another room are six presses utilised for the same class of work. Then the hats proceed to the rounding machine, which is fitted with a gauge for regulating the size. Hence they pass to the finishing-room, where they are smoothed off by the application of very fine glass-paper. The next process consists in curling the edges or brims, which is executed by four machines, specially designed for the purpose. This is followed by the operation of cutting the edges even. This is accomplished by skilled workmen, who cut the edges with chisels.

The felt hat, which, after all its adventures, is now approaching completion, is now passed over to the shaping department, where it is first put on a steam-heated tank, called a “baker,” and then, after being sufficiently heated, is placed in a press, fitted with indiarubber tubes running round the edges, thus causing pressure. The hat has now assumed its intended shape, and goes into the trimming-room, where the rims are bound by machines, linings are made and fitted, and leathers, or “hat sweats,” are put in. About fifty girls are here employed, this staff being kept for urgent orders, but this class of work is chiefly done by a corps of outside workers, numbering a hundred and twenty. The top floor is used as store-rooms. All the floors are connected by a powerful lift. On the ground floor, we should already have noted, there are large store-rooms for materials used for the various processes of production, with commodious and well-equipped making-up and packing rooms. Underneath are cellars used for stocking bales of wool and fur, also for crate-making. Much more might be written in the way of description of this marvellously well-administered establishment, but enough has been said to account for the continuance I of the gratifying commercial prosperity which has attended the career of the firm throughout all its history.

THE BRISTOL STEAM CARPET-BEATING COMPANY, LIMITED, DYERS, CLEANERS, &C.,
27, PARK ROW, AND 35, REGENT STREET, CLIFTON, BRISTOL.
J. PARRISH, MANAGING DIRECTOR.

ORGANISED about nine years ago at 28 and 29, Redcross Street, under the auspices of a private limited liability company, with Mr. J. Parrish as their able and energetic managing director, the commercial development of this prosperous concern became so rapid that it was soon found necessary to open a branch office at 35, Regent Street, Clifton, and to recently transfer the works to the more convenient and commodious premises now occupied at 27, Park Row. The works are necessarily extensive, and comprise offices, ware-rooms, stock-rooms, and large yards, admirably appointed throughout in the best modern style, and equipped with all the latest and most improved machinery and appliances calling into requisition the services of a large staff of operatives, delivering vans, collectors, and others; whereby, in the case of carpet-beating, urgent cases are collected, carefully dealt with, and delivered the same day.

The Company undertake at fixed prices the beating and thorough cleansing and purification of all manner of carpets and rugs by the only gold medal machine in Bristol, they having the sole right to use this machine in the city and its neighbourhood. The machine in question is decidedly the best ever invented for the purpose being provided with patent indiarubber beaters, which are guaranteed to thoroughly beat the most delicate carpet without the slightest injury to the fabric. During the process of beating, which is done on the back of the carpet, an ingenious mechanical contrivance forces a very strong current of air through the carpet, and thus effectually removes every particle of dust loosened by the beaters. At a slight increase in price, the carpets may be further cleansed and renovated by the French dry process, whereby all grease and stains are removed, and the colours restored to their pristine beauty and freshness.

In the general cleaning and dyeing department the Company operate in every known branch of the industry, thoroughly cleaning, dyeing, and renovating all manner of ladies’ and gentlemen’s wearing apparel, household drapery, and even such delicate fabrics as laces, wool fringes, embroideries, &c., at a fixed and economical tariff of charges, which they supply free on application. In connection with the carpet-beating department, the Company hold an enormous stock of the now well-known patent sanitary cedar felt, for underlaying. When used, this valuable antiseptic lining not only eradicates moths and insect pests, but prevents the incursion of dust, which will otherwise creep in in the most insidious manner through cracks, crevices, and joints in the floor. The felt, moreover, protects the carpet, oilcloth, or linoleum from the hard uneven flooring, softens the tread, and keeps the floor covering in perfect condition fully twice as long as it would otherwise remain, and at small cost. The Company’s operations extend for many miles around Bristol, Bath, Weston, Clevedon, and neighbouring towns. They are patronised by all classes of the community, as the numerous testimonials in their possession show, having done good service for Earl Temple, of Newton Park, near Bath, and holding a certificate from Dr. R. S. Smith, of Deepholm, Clifton Park, as to the sanitary value of their work.

W. EDWARD JONES, F.R.I.B.A., ARCHITECT,
LIVERPOOL CHAMBERS, CORN STREET, BRISTOL.

MR. W. EDWARD JONES, F.R.I.B.A., has been in excellent practice as an architect in Bristol for upwards of twenty years, and for fifteen years of this time he was assistant city architect and surveyor. During his tenure of office Mr. Jones took active part in the preparation of the plans, designs, and specifications of the petty sessional court-house several of the fire brigade and police stations, public libraries, public baths and wash-houses, &c., &c. Mr. Jones has held the appointments of lecturer on architecture, building construction and sanitary service at University College, Bristol, and to the Merchant Venturers’ Schools. In the Liverpool Chambers, Corn Street, Mr. Jones occupies a spacious suite of well-appointed offices, general and private, and every convenience for architectural work and the successful transaction of a large and increasing business. Mr. W. Edward Jones is not only well known for his professional attainments, but is also highly esteemed for the keen and active interest he has for many years taken in the history and preservation of ancient monuments, the advance in architectural education, and the improvement and development of the city and district.

W. H. WHITE & SON, BOOT AND SHOE MANUFACTURERS,
4, CAVE STREET, BRISTOL.

ORGANISED under the auspices of its present able and enterprising proprietors in the year 1888 at No. 4, Cave Street, the commercial development of this representative boot and shoe factory became so rapid, that it was recently found imperative to make considerable extensions, and No. 5 adjoining was accordingly added to the premises. The factory is equipped with appliances for the production of all manner of ladies’ and children’s boots and shoes, and specialities in light boots and shoes for ladies, which have won an unrivalled reputation for fashionable style, superiority of workmanship, and sound quality of material. A very large staff of skilled operatives is engaged in the various departments under the most careful and competent supervision, and Messrs. White & Son’s boots and shoes have gained a standard reputation in all the leading markets of the United Kingdom and even abroad, their trade being sedulously promoted through the agency of a staff of four first-class commercial travellers.

J. JEFFERIES & SONS, LIMEKILN DRY DOCK AND NEW QUAY IRON WORKS,
HOTWELL ROAD, BRISTOL.

IN 1872 Mr. John Jefferies founded what was destined to become one of the leading industrial establishments in the Bristol district; and, to-day, the Limekiln Dry Dock and New Quay Iron Works hold a place of honourable prominence amongst the metal-working institutions in the West of England. The founder has since been joined in partnership by his two sons, Messrs. William and Alfred Jefferies. The firm are marine and general engineers, boilermakers, smiths, iron and brass founders, coppersmiths, plumbers, &c., and their premises have been admirably adapted to the requirements of these different vocations, which are, however, all closely united in having for their end the execution, under the best possible conditions, of all sorts of original and repairing work on board ship. There is a suite of well-appointed general and private offices, which are furnished with telephonic communication and all other requisites. The telephone number is 97, and the registered telegraphic address is “Jefferies, Hotwells, Bristol.”

The fitting and erecting department, which forms the central point of the industrial department, is fitted with the best and latest appropriate machinery and working plant driven by a pair of direct-acting vertical steam-engines. There are two boilers, also of recent construction, one being of the cross-tube description, and the other multitubular. There are workshops for all sorts of engineering operations, as well as boiler-making, which are supplied with tools of the finest examples of recent applied mechanical science, including lathes, a very large planing machine, and machines for drilling, shaping, screwing, and slotting. For boiler-making there are very powerful punching and shearing machines, a long pair of machine rolls, radial and vertical drilling machines, &c. The iron and brass foundry is equally well fitted. For the purposes of repairing ships, the firm have a graving dock a hundred and sixty feet in length, and also private wharfage of four hundred feet above the riverside forming the water frontage of the premises, and there are special facilities for the building of small tugs and steam launches. In 1887 Messrs. Jefferies & Co. were favoured with an order for a fast steam launch for Her Majesty’s Government, and the result of their labours proved very successful and gave every satisfaction. It should also be noted that the firm perform repairs of every sort to both iron and wood ships at Bristol, Portishead, Avonmouth, and Sharpness Docks. The firm, too, always enterprising, have the credit of having been the pioneers in the introduction of the frictional steam winches, which are successfully used for discharging ships’ cargoes of every description.

A. FUSSELL & SONS, WHOLESALE BOOT AND SHOE MANUFACTURERS,
KINGSWOOD HILL, NEAR BRISTOL.

IT IS now some forty years since Mr. Abraham Fussell established the enterprise which, since his decease, has been ably carried on by his sons. He was one of two notable benefactors to the community who initiated at Kingswood the industry which has now marked that locality for its own, and some twenty-five to thirty years ago he further displayed the spirit of intelligent enterprise by which he was animated by being amongst the first to adopt the riveting system which, at that period, revolutionised the trade. The members of the firm at the present tune are Messrs. George, Philip, and Sidney Fussell, all of whom possess a thorough technical knowledge of the trade, and display a justifiable pride in maintaining the lead in the business which was taken by the founder of the house.

The factory, which covers a large area, and gives regular employment to about four hundred experienced workpeople, is arranged in the form of a square, the portion facing the road being three-storeyed, and the remainder two-storeyed, while the interior of the quadrangle is partly taken up by another three-storeyed block adjoining the front, and by the engine and boiler-house. In the construction and arrangement of the buildings the utmost attention has been paid to hygienic considerations, for such excellent ventilation and abundant light are seldom found in factories of this character. On the ground floors of the several blocks of buildings are found the press-room, the riveting-shops, the packing-case room, and “shopping” department. On the first floor is a suite of handsomely appointed general and private offices, in which an efficient staff of experienced clerks is employed. The industrial departments throughout the buildings are furnished with all the necessary mechanical appliances of the most approved modern type for the saving of labour. So excellent is the whole of the working plant that the firm are thereby enabled to compete, on the most favourable terms as to price, with the leading houses in the trade. The machine-room, which is of ample dimensions, is supplied with wax thread machines, including Pearson’s celebrated “hard wax” and Keats’s machines, all of which are driven by steam-power, as also are other machines for sewing, eyeleting, &c., and the mechanical appliances in the clicking-rooms and finishing-shops. The top floors in both the three-storeyed buildings are used for warehouses, and in these a large and varied stock is always kept in carefully systematised order in readiness for all demands.

The productions of Messrs. A. Fussell & Sons are recognised throughout the trade as representing standard qualities. They are remarkable for elegance of design combined with excellent workmanship and finish, and thorough durability. They include every description of heavy, medium, and light goods, in each of which classes a very extensive and valuable trade is done in all parts of the United Kingdom, special attention being given to the manufacture of goods particularly designed for the Irish market. The members of the firm supervise the actual working of every department, and are thus able personally to guarantee that none but the best of materials and work are allowed to pass. In addition to the large wholesale home trade the firm control an important and increasing export business. Notwithstanding the engrossing cares of conducting such an enormous business the members of the firm find time and energy to devote to important public work. Mr. George Fussell is an active member of the County Council, and has recently had the well-deserved honour of being created a justice of the peace for the county of Gloucester; Mr. Philip Fussell is vice-chairman of the local Board of Guardians; while Mr. Sidney Fussell is president of the Kingswood and District Boot Manufacturing Association, chairman of the Board of Arbitration, and chairman of the Oldland School Board.

BYRT, WOOD & CO., TOBACCO, CIGAR, AND CIGARETTE MANUFACTURERS,
STOKES CROFT, BRISTOL.

THIS energetically conducted business, which has been developed with remarkable rapidity during late years, was founded in 1860 by Messrs. Wood & Co., by whom it was. carried on with conspicuous success until two years ago, when Mr. Wood retired, leaving Mr. F. W. Byrt as his successor. This gentleman entered upon his duties with characteristic energy, and speedily found the original premises of the firm too confined for his operations, and he removed in March, 1892, to 58, Stokes Croft.H ere he has a very handsome double-fronted shop, which at night is brilliantly illuminated by two magnificent lamps, each 5 ft. 6 in. across. The interior of the shop is very capacious, and is appointed in the most elegant style for the display of the magnificent stock which embraces every variety of smoker’s requisites. The rear of the shop is lined with mirrors, which add very materially to the tout ensemble. Behind this is the well-appointed office, and a sorting-room for cigars.

Mr. Byrt has designed and erected a drying-room for cigars upon an improved principle. Adjoining the drying-room is the stripping-room, where the tobacco leaf is stripped of its stalk by a large number of girls. Near this room, in a spacious apartment, are the requisite machinery and appliances for manufacturing cigars, courts fins, cigarettes, and packet tobacco. An ingenious idea introduced by Mr. Byrt is to make a cheroot with a mouthpiece attached; and this class of goods has become very popular on the market. There are also several improved cigarette-making machines, which by means of a slight alteration will make flat, oval, or round cigarettes. On the first floor is a large packing-room for the wholesale trade, in which are stored several cases of Java, Mexican, Sumatra, and other leaf tobaccos. There are also two commodious cellars, which are likewise used for warehousing purposes, as well as several other manufacturing and drying rooms. A large number of skilled hands are employed, and every facility exists for the expeditious conduct of the extensive operations of the firm.

Although Bristol enjoys so high a reputation in the tobacco trade, there are only four firms in the city actually engaged in the manufacture of cigars, and among these that of Messrs. Byrt, Wood & Co, although of comparatively recent establishment, now occupies a very prominent position. Some idea of the energy and enterprise imported into the business by Mr. Byrt will be gathered from the fact that, during the two years throughout which he has been at the head of affairs, the volume of the firm’s business has developed to such an extraordinary extent that it is now just five times as large as what it was at that period, and the increase shows no signs of abatement. There is now an able staff of commercial travellers upon the road, and the increase of business is especially large in the wholesale department in which these gentlemen are interested. Mr. Byrt makes a noted speciality of a cigar bearing the brand and trade-mark as shown above, which will for the future be found on the boxes containing these cigars. A well-known brand of packet tobaccos with which the name of Messrs. Byrt, Wood & Co. is identified is the “Old Pawnee.” This brand was assumed for the particular class of tobacco, by Mr. Wood, some thirty-two years ago, and at the present moment there is none more popular in the West of England. Another of the firm’s brands is the “Back your Fancy.” This is warranted to be all American tobacco, nothing but the pure Virginian leaf being used in its manufacture. It is packed in a handsome coloured wrapper.

In comparing Mr. Byrt’s establishment with that of other eminent houses in Bristol, one should not lose sight of the fact that, whereas they are in the hands of powerful corporations, or, at any rate, of many-membered firms, Mr. Byrt conducts his extensive organisation single-handed. When the keen competition with which he has had to contend is taken into consideration, the rapid rise of his business can be regarded as little short of marvellous, and stamps Mr. Byrt as a worthy successor to those grand old merchant adventurers who, in making Bristol famous, laid the foundation of the supremacy of English commerce all over the world.

W. & A. COOKSLEY, WHOLESALE IRONMONGERS AND MANUFACTURERS OF HORSE NAILS, &C.,
ST. PHILIP’S, BRISTOL.

THE important and prosperous industry which is conducted in handsome and commodious premises at St. Philip’s, under the style and title of Messrs. W. & A. Cooksley, was founded in 1841 by the two gentlemen who bore the above names. Having created a most valuable business connection through the uniform excellence of their productions as wholesale manufacturing ironmongers and manufacturers of various specialities in nails, they were succeeded by the sons of William Cooksley, Messrs. H. L. and E. L. Cooksley, who are now at the head of the thriving concern. The commodious business premises, the same which were occupied by the founders of the firm, comprise a large warehouse about one hundred and ten feet in depth by thirty-two feet in width. Here are stored large stocks of bar, rod, and sheet iron, bolts, rivets, and general ironmongery and hardware. Adjoining is a conveniently capacious yard, in which there is a conveniently arranged sale-room, with a stock-room, containing examples of the specialities manufactured by the firm. The industrial departments are equipped with all the requisite mechanical appliances of the most approved modern type, for the perfection of results and the saving of labour. They are thus supplied with facilities for reducing the cost of production, the advantages of which the firm permit their customers fully to share. To the rear there is a smithy, where a large business is done in shoeing horses. There is, likewise, a commodious boiler-making department, a wheelwrights’ shop, and other extensive buildings. Messrs. W. & A. Cooksley manufacture not only horse-nails, but every other description of countersunk-clout, rose, clasp, mining, railway, sheathing and shipbuilding nails and chains. They also produce in great quantities tenter-hooks, coopers’, patten, boiler and tank rivets, timber rafting, fencing, telegraph, and other staples, back-bands, trace-chains, patten and clog rings, &c. A large trade is done in the home markets with these classes of goods, and the Messrs. Cooksley also ship many of them to different parts of the world. The suite of well-appointed general and private offices are provided with all the requisites for the prompt despatch of the large amount of clerical work necessitated by the magnitude of the operations of the house.

COLLEY, HARTNELL & CO., STAY AND CORSET MANUFACTURERS,
ORCHARD ROAD, ST. GEORGE, BRISTOL.

ALTHOUGH projected but five years ago, the commercial development of this vast business has been most extraordinary, and perhaps the most effectual way in which to indicate its character would be to give a concise sketch of the establishment, and to supplement this with a few observations upon the nature of the operations there being carried on. The extensive factory of the firm in Orchard Road is admirably divided into offices, warehouses, and works, and is replete with every modern facility and convenience for the rapid and effective transaction of a business of the kind. The factory is equipped with all the best and most improved machinery and appliances incidental to the industry, driven by both gas and steam power, and calling into active requisition the services of a staff of no less than three hundred skilled operatives, whose labours are constantly and carefully supervised by the principals, thereby securing the utmost perfection in all the goods produced. Messrs. Colley, Hartnell & Co. manufacture all kinds of stays and corsets of every class and grade, to suit the requirements of their clients in all parts of the world, and wherever their goods are sent they are always received with the favour that is accorded to articles of standard worth and excellence. The business tells its own story, and its history is a record of success achieved, and of widespread home and export connections established and maintained by the pursuit of a policy of commercial integrity and prudent enterprise.

B. BOWERING, CORN AND SEED MERCHANT,
19 AND 20, NARROW WINE STREET, BRISTOL.

ALL lovers of feathered songsters ought to become acquainted with Bowering’s celebrated cleaned seeds and highest class specialities for all song birds, which form the staple of a vast trade which was inaugurated at Bristol by Mr. B. Bowering in Narrow Wine Street, in the year 1874. The output of the specialities in question reaches the total of many tons per week. The premises occupied comprise two spacious double-fronted shops, handsomely appointed and very heavily stocked and augmented by a factory replete with special machinery driven by a fine four-horse power steam engine. Although cleaned seeds for birds have long been recognised and used as the best, Mr. Bowering undoubtedly holds the honour of being the pioneer in this important branch of industry — being the vendor of the only registered clean seeds in the kingdom — in the sense that his seeds are not merely sifted or screened, but are subjected to a series of scouring, separating, polishing, and other ingenious special machines, which effectually free them from grain, stones, sand, dirt, outer skins, light, hollow and impure seeds, and other injurious matter, thereby rendering them by reason also of careful selection, the choicest, best, and most wholesome seeds for birds procurable in the United Kingdom. These seeds are sold by nearly all seedsmen in neat penny, two-penny, four-penny, and six-penny packets. It has been demonstrated that birds fed on these seeds are kept in condition and song far longer than when they are indiscriminately provided for.

Mr. Bowering’s specialities are fairly exhaustive of the bird fancier’s wants, and, taken seriatim, comprise:— Bowering’s Mixed Seeds for Song Birds, containing fourteen varieties of seed, highly nutritious, and calculated to keep canaries, goldfinches, bullfinches, chaffinches, linnets, and other cage birds in excellent health throughout all seasons of the year; Bowering’s Natural Mixture for all fresh-caught British song birds, to which it should be given twice weekly as a song improver; Bowering’s Seed, Fruit, and Egg Mixture, composed of the celebrated mixed seeds with the addition of selected fruits and egg chips; Bowering’s Grain, Seed, Meat, and fruit for larks, jays, blackbirds, thrushes, &c.; Bowering’s Parrot Mixture, unique and unexcelled; Bowering’s Egg Food, a stimulating and invigorating diet for canaries and all cage birds, and an efficient substitute for egg during the breeding season; Bowering’s Prepared Egg Yolks, for all cage birds, and especially adapted for canaries during the breeding and moulting seasons; Bowering’s Ousel Farina for blackbirds, thrushes, &c.; Bowering’s Food for Larks, containing ants’ eggs, eggs, meat, and choice meals; Bowering’s German Paste, honey-made; Bowering’s Flavina, a preparation for producing a brilliant yellow plumage for canaries; Bowering’s Rubina, for producing a brilliant red plumage for canaries; Bowering’s Bird Insecticide, dandelion, teazel, watercress, thistle, plaintain, maw seed, white poppy seed, golden seed; Bowering’s Shell Grit, for all cage birds, and every variety of seed available for the food of birds. The business is in a splendid condition of development and progressive prosperity, and the house stands high in the estimation of a very widespread and valuable connection by reason of the sound principles and honourable methods which have always characterised its business transactions.

WILLIAM POW & CO., WHOLESALE BOOT MANUFACTURERS,
KINGSWOOD HILL, BRISTOL.

THIS admirably organised and energetically conducted business was established nearly thirteen years ago by Mr, William Pow, who, by his thorough technical knowledge of the trade, and his enlightened enterprise, has created a valuable and substantial connection which extends all over the United Kingdom. The premises occupied cover an extensive area. The stock-rooms are ample enough to permit of the carefully systematic arrangement of the large and varied stocks of the firm’s productions which are always held in readiness for all demands. The factory is fitted up throughout with labour-saving machinery of the most approved modern type, which is driven by a powerful gas-engine of recent construction. Mr. Pow, who is the sole proprietor of the business, has always distinguished himself by his enterprise in adopting such developments of applied mechanical science as are available for the improvement of his own processes of production, and it is but recently that he laid down a complete new plant for the introduction of the pegging system. So excellent is the whole of the working plant that the firm are thereby enabled to effect very important economies, and so to compete on the most favourable terms with any other first-class house in the provinces. Messrs. Pow & Co.’s manufactures consist for the most part of heavy hobnailed boots for men, women, and children, also heavy, light (that is un-nailed) boots. A large staff of experienced and skilled workpeople is employed, under the personal supervision of the principal, who is thus in a position to guarantee the excellence both of the materials and the workmanship of all goods leaving the premises. It is by such careful administration that the firm have gained the unreserved confidence of very many leading retail houses engaged in the boot and shoe trade in all parts of the country.

RANDALL & WALLS, TAILORS,
50, PARK STREET, BRISTOL.

THIS well-known and distinctly high-class tailoring house was founded upwards of twenty years ago under the same title and at the address above given in Park Street, Bristol. The business has steadily developed from the first, and is now a most important and influential one, enjoying marked prosperity and distinguished patronage under the sole proprietorship of Mr. John. Walls, an artistic and fashionable tailor of the highest attainments. The premises occupied in Park Street are very handsome and commodious, and behind the spacious shop, cutting-rooms, and fitting-rooms (all of which are perfectly appointed) there are specially built work-rooms, which are unsurpassed in Bristol for good light and perfect ventilation. These will rank among the largest work-rooms in the provinces, and they undoubtedly need to be so, for most of the work connected with this firm’s very extensive business is done here on the premises.

The entire art of tailoring, both for ladies and for gentlemen, is exemplified by Messrs. Randall & Walls, and in every case the firm’s productions touch perfection in fashionable accuracy, taste, fit, and finished workmanship. At Bristol one of the leading specialities of the firm is in uniforms and liveries. They make the liveries for the mayor and other high civic dignitaries, and are, probably, one of the very few firms who do all work of this class entirely on their own premises. A splendid stock is held in all the best grades of tailoring fabrics, and these are largely added to each season as new patterns, shades and textures make their appearance. The business is undoubtedly one of the very foremost of its kind in Bristol, and is supported by the highest class of patronage.

About a year ago Mr. Walls bought a very old-established and highly reputed business at Eton, where he trades under the name of J. Walls. He has been appointed one of the tailors to Eton College, and for over twenty years he has been tailor by appointment to Clifton College. At Eton, moreover, he has on his books the names of several members of the Royal Family, and is largely patronised by the young gentlemen attending the college. A remarkable fact in connection with the business of Messrs. Randall & Walls is the large number of customers they have abroad. Hardly a week passes without them sending goods to some distant part of the world — India, Africa, Canada, or elsewhere. Altogether, at Eton and Bristol, upwards of one hundred hands are employed, and there is no finer or higher class business to be found anywhere out of London. Mr. John Walls is much respected in Bristol, where he takes an active interest in public affairs. For the past six years he has been a diligent and useful member of the City Council, in which he ably advocates the interests of the community in general and those of the ratepayers of St. Augustine’s Ward in particular.

GEORGE GIBBS, GUN AND RIFLE MANUFACTURER,
89, CORN STREET, BRISTOL.

THIS large business was founded some fifty or sixty years ago in Thomas Street, and from there was subsequently transferred to 21, Clare Street. In 1858 the firm removed to their present premises at 39, Corn Street. The manufactory, Rupert Hall, St. John’s Bridge, was built in 1875, and the tools and appliances there are most perfect. Mr. George Gibbs has a national reputation for first-class guns and rifles, and his house is one of the very few establishments outside of London and Birmingham where guns and rifles are manufactured throughout. Mr. Gibbs was the inventor of the first hammer-less gun adopted by the public and the trade, and he can thus claim the distinction of having influenced the introduction of a type of sporting weapon which is now in universal use. He is also proprietor and sole manufacturer of the Gibbs (Farquharson) Metford Rifles, which have been so successfully used at Wimbledon. Medals gained at Paris in 1867 and 1878, at London in 1862, at Philadelphia in 1876, and at Calcutta in 1883, attest the superior character of the guns and rifles produced by this well-known house. At the recent South Africa and International Exhibition, Mr. Gibbs was the recipient of no less than four gold medals, those being the only gold medals awarded in the class. These were respectively for the Metford sporting rifle, Metford target rifle, the hammerless gun, and for the best all-round exhibit. The stock held at the establishment in Corn Street is one of the largest and best in the trade, and embraces every description of gun, rifle, revolver, &c., for sporting and other purposes. A very large wholesale and retail trade is controlled, a great many prominent noblemen and gentlemen in all parts of England being among the patrons of the house, and the firm also export extensively to South Africa, and also to India, Persia, Russia, and Japan, where they have influential connections in the ranks of the most celebrated sportsmen.

J. W. STOOKE, CARPENTER, CABINET-MAKER, COMPLETE FUNERAL FURNISHER, &C.,
5, REGENT STREET, CLIFTON, BRISTOL.

THIS business has become widely known throughout Clifton, Redland, and the surrounding districts, where it has gained a well-earned reputation for its useful and reliable properties. It was founded in 1883, at No. 5, Regent Street, by the present sole owner, Mr. J. W. Stooke. This enterprising gentleman, who is in the possession of a thorough practical knowledge of all branches of the trade, has placed himself at the head of a connection at once influential and substantial. At the present time he controls a large amount of skilled labour. The original premises consist of a capital shop and office, with good frontage, and plate-glass window. Here are also stock and show rooms, containing a superior and extensive assortment of cabinet-makers’ goods of modern design and unsurpassed workmanship. There are also convenient premises at Hensman Hill, near Regent Street, consisting of a fine showroom and well-equipped workshops. The latter contain modern appliances of every kind, and here is a large staff of experienced hands. All the different departments appertaining to carpentering, joinering, and cabinet-making are fully carried out. Specialities are made of jobbing work, and additions or alterations to existing buildings, the fitting-up of shops and offices, &c. Special attention is devoted to French polishing. Mr. Stooke has recently embarked into a new enterprise, that of complete funeral furnisher. In this, as in all his undertakings, he is proving very successful. New stock rooms have been opened at Regent Street, where designs for monuments, tombstones, tablets, and such like may be seen. These are most handsome and varied, being in marble, granite, or pennant. Funerals are completely furnished, with refinement, economy, and correctness, in any part of the kingdom. Estimates are given when desired, but those placing the arrangements in the hands of Mr. Stooke will find everything most honourably conducted.

LEWIS & CO., COMPLETE UNDERTAKERS AND FUNERAL FEATHERMEN,
33, STOKE’S CROFT, BRISTOL.

IN Bristol at the present day practical undertaking and complete funeral furnishing finds no better-known or more noteworthy representative and exponent than Mr. Lewis, the able and energetic proprietor of the above house. It was in the year 1846 that the late Mr. James Davis formed the nucleus of the present prosperous business by reconstructing the private dwelling-house at No. 33, Stoke’s Croft to meet the requirements of his trade as a complete undertaker and funeral featherman. In 1874 Mr. Lewis, who had won his experience in the house, was admitted to partnership, and the style of the house was altered to that of Messrs. Davis & Lewis, to be finally changed, some four years later, to its present designation upon the death of the founder, and the succession of Mr. Lewis to the sole proprietary rights of the concern. The premises occupied consist of a spacious double-fronted shop, which is brilliantly illuminated by the Clapton light, and rendered additionally conspicuous by a beacon in the form of a massive, artistic street suspension lamp, which was specially made and fixed by the well-known firm of Messrs. Hall & Pedder, of Bristol. At the rear of the shop are the commodious stockrooms and well-equipped workshop and stables, where four expert craftsmen are fully employed, but, from the nature of the business, it may be mentioned that Mr. Lewis holds in constant readiness a large body of workmen and casual assistants, employing in all the largest staff of the kind in Bristol.

Mr. Lewis is in reality the only bona fide practical furnishing undertaker in the borough, and produces and supplies the trade with all manner of coffins, oak and elm coffin boards, coffin furniture, black and gray coffin cloths, domettes, shrouds, superb ostrich plumes, palls, cloaks, velvets, &c., on the lowest terms. As a funeral contractor he caters for all classes of the community, but has mainly cultivated an upper and middle class patronage, from both town and country. All funerals conducted under his auspices are carried out with due regard to style and decorum, the attendance being unexceptionable, and his charges strictly moderate, and these facts, coupled with his well-known integrity, have deservedly won for him the esteem and respect of all those who have had the privilege of his acquaintance.

HENRY HILL’S PRINTING OFFICE AND PAPER WAREHOUSE,
11, ST. JOHN STREET, BRISTOL.

THE history of the above business extends back to its establishment in Castle Green in 1836, where it was continued until 1860, when a disastrous fire necessitated removal to premises situated in a more central position in Small Street. Eight years later, owing to street improvements, another transfer of the seat of operations took place, and the proprietor then removed to Baldwin Street, which, in the course of a few years, proved inadequate to the requirements of his still increasing trade, and Mr. Hill finally settled at his present address, 11, St. John Street, where the business is carried on by his son, still, however, retaining the title so long associated with the concern. The premises at this address comprise an extensive block of substantial building, having spacious warehouse, office, and store-rooms on ground floor, above which are the printing departments, and additional accommodation for the stock. This embraces a wide range of general and commercial stationery of every description, and of high-class quality, suitable for the requirements of a superior trade, and which is supplied in wholesale and retail quantities to the leading houses in the City. The printing works are replete with the newest and most improved type and machinery for every class of general and letterpress printing, in the highest style of the art, in which a number of skilful and competent hands are employed. The business in each department is ably and efficiently carried out under the personal supervision of the principal, whose long practical experience in the trade affords an ample guarantee for the highest standard of workmanship and finished execution of all orders undertaken by the firm. An old-established and substantial trade is in steady operation in each department of the business, the firm’s connection including many of the principal representatives of the mercantile, shipping, and industrial interests of the City, whose patronage it has been their privilege to enjoy for many years past.

J. W. Smart, Billiard-table Manufacturer, and Billiard Oil Lamp and Gasfitting Maker,
15, College Green, and St. George's Road, Bristol

MR. SMART established his important industry, which has now assumed very large proportions, in 1860, and since that period his name has become identified with some of the most important improvements which have been introduced into the business of billiard-table making. The premises of the firm were originally situated at 70, College Street; but some three years ago it was found that the volume of business was increasing so rapidly that it was necessary to provide more commodious quarters. These were accordingly found in the famous old thoroughfare of College Green, where extensive and commanding premises have been admirably adapted to the several requirements oi the trade. Here Mr. Smart is assisted by a large staff of skilful artificers, while every department of production is supplied with all the requisites for the saving of labour. So excellent is the working plant that the firm are thereby enabled to effect such material economies that their quotations will compare very favourably with those of any other first-class house in the trade. The industrial departments of his establishment extend through to St. George’s Road, and afford ample facilities for the execution of all orders in the promptest and most satisfactory manner. Mr. Smart's billiard and billiard-bagatelle tables are renowned for their handsome design and their absolute truth. They are furnished with the fastest indiarubber cushions, and the finest and most durable “Excelsior” cloth, while the slate beds are polished to the utmost possible degree. In every respect they are found to equal those of the most famous London makers, while the rates at which they are quoted are considerably lower.

Mr. Smart’s tables have been supplied in large quantities to Her Majesty’s regiments at home and abroad, to the most distinguished residents in Clifton and the surrounding districts, and to many famous billiard-players in the West of England, South Wales, London, Leeds, and Birmingham. Mr. Smart has also shipped many billiard-tables, specially made to resist the climate, to India and other tropical countries. In a spacious and well-appointed show-room may be seen some artistically beautiful examples of his designs and handicraft. His exceptional energy enables him to personally superintend all the details of his business, exercising the greatest care that none but first-class work leaves the premises; while, at the same time, he controls a large amount of new business by constantly undertaking commercial journeys, and issuing a price-list, which will be forwarded to all parts on receipt of address.

MARK WHITWILL & SON, STEAM AND SAILING SHIP BROKERS, INSURANCE AND COMMISSION AGENTS,
GROVE AVENUE, QUEEN’S SQUARE, BRISTOL.

THE inception of this noted business goes back as far as 1831, at which date operations were commenced in Prince Street by Mr. Mark Whitwill, the father of the present senior partner. The present firm consists of Mr. Mark Whitwill senior and Mr. Mark Whitwill junior. The business throughout has been managed with splendid energy and ability. Extensive and commodious premises are occupied, admirably suited to the purposes of the varied business carried on, and complete in their arrangement and appointments. They extend from Queen’s Square through the Avenue to the Grove, and possess a total frontage of about two hundred feet. The various departments which constitute this business are controlled separately under different managers and staffs. On the ground floor are the shipbroking offices, the passenger bureau, and also the Hull steamer department, as well as private offices and rooms. The first floor contains the Glasgow and Belfast steamer offices and the cashier’s office, whilst the second floor is occupied with the rooms for meetings of shareholders and various store-rooms. A large force of experienced and competent clerks and managers is kept, and in every department a highly effective system of discipline and organisation is maintained.

Here is being carried on an extensive and influential business in all the various branches of ship-agency. The firm are in a position to carry out in the most satisfactory manner everything connected with their business, and their long and honourable career gives them great influence throughout the profession, as well as affords ample guarantee that the interests of clients will be attended to in the best and most satisfactory manner. Messrs. Mark Whitwill & Son are the managers for the Great Western Steamship Company, Limited, and also agents for steamers running from Bristol to Glasgow and Belfast, both for passengers and cargo, and have, on various occasions, acted as cargo agents for sailing vessels loading at Bristol for Melbourne and Sydney. The firm represent also the Royal Mail Steampacket Company, the Orient Line, Messrs. Donald Currie & Co., the Cunard Company, and other famous companies. The firm transact a large business in booking passengers and emigrants to all parts of the world at the lowest rates and over the shortest routes, and all information as to fares and sailings is cheerfully given to all enquirers.

Messrs. Whitwill are the principal shareholders in the Wapping Dock Company, the owners of the Great Western Graving Dock, where every desirable facility exists for repairing wooden and iron ships and the hulls and engines of steamers. The dock has a length of three hundred and twenty-five feet, and is the dock in which the Great Britain steamship was built. The company has also a branch establishment for carrying on repairs at Avonmouth. As brokers, Messrs. Whitwill attend to the business of vessels at Avonmouth, Portishead, and Sharpness, and have also a London house at 6, St. Helen’s Place, E.C., under the title of Mark Whitwill, Son & Judge.

The proprietors of this representative and leading establishment occupy a position of eminence in local commercial circles, and are highly regarded for their ability, enterprise, and inflexible uprightness. They have long been prominently connected with local public movements and charitable institutions, and Mr. Whitwill senior is a Justice of the Peace for the city of Bristol, and, until his retirement last year, was chairman of the Bristol School Board. This year he is president of the Chamber of Shipping of the United Kingdom. He is also Belgian Consul, Greek Vice-Consul, and Hawaiian Consul.
The telegraphic address is “Whitwill, Bristol,” and for the metropolitan house, “Logogram, London.”

AVERY & CO., WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS,
OFFICES: PARK STREET VIADUCT, BRISTOL.

A LEADING position in the wine and spirit trade of Bristol is held by the old and well-known house of Messrs. Avery & Co., whose offices are situated, at Park Street Viaduct, and who have bonded cellars in Redcliffe Street, and warehouses and cellars at 2, Frog Lane. This firm originated as far back as the year 1793, and has been controlled by the Avery family for the past fifty years, the present principals being Messrs. J. C., E., and Mr. J. Avery. The premises have been considerably extended since the commencement of the business, and are now very large and commodious, comprising offices and sample rooms in Park Street, with the fine spacious cellars under these and adjoining premises. These cellars afford ample accommodation for a very large and comprehensive stock of wines and spirits of the best class, this house having at all times maintained a high reputation for the quality of its supplies. The goods are carefully selected from the best sources, and the stock comprises all the best growths and most esteemed vintages of sherry, port, claret, Burgundy, Champagne, and other wines. Choice brandies are included in the firm’s list, together with Irish and Scotch whiskies of the first class. Great care is taken to maintain the high standard of excellence that has for so many years characterised this firm's stock, and the house enjoys the confidence and patronage of a large and valuable clientele, its wide circle of customers extending all over South Wales, the Midland Counties, and as far south as Penzance. Orders can be executed with the utmost promptitude, for, in addition to the stock kept in the duty-paid cellars, Messrs. Avery & Co. hold large supplementary supplies in their bonded stores at Redcliff Street, and elsewhere. The business is distinctly one of the best, as well as one of the oldest of its kind in Bristol, and is personally administered by the present principals with sound commercial ability.

GARLICK & SONS, HATTERS, HOSIERS, AND SHIRT-MAKERS,
87 AND 88, CASTLE STREET, BRISTOL.

PROJECTED in the year 1846 by Mr. Charles Garlick, the business is now under the able control of his sons, Messrs. Frederick Charles and John George Garlick. The premises occupied were augmented about six years ago by the addition of the adjoining shop, in order to give full scope to the rapidly expanding business, and the double emporium thus constituted, with its facade of forty-five feet of brilliantly lighted and tastefully dressed windows, forms one of the most attractive features of the busy commercial thoroughfare. Withindoors all the appointments of the place are projected in the best modern style, and the stocks of goods held and effectively displayed are of the most complete and comprehensive character, large surplus stocks being held in the ware-rooms on the upper floors. The thoroughness with which this business is conducted may be gathered from the following notes of facts gathered upon the spot. In the hat and shirt departments every class of goods is held in readiness up to date, and patrons are measured, and the articles made to fit them to perfection, after any special style or fashion that may be desired or suggested, such measurements being duly registered for repeat orders, which constantly come in from patrons at a distance. The same attention and care is bestowed upon the glove and hosiery departments, and a speciality has been made of athletic outfitting, such as cricket shirts, football jerseys, badges, belts, and uniform caps, and in this connection it may be mentioned that the firm have been appointed agents to the Boys* Brigade for the West of England, and supply them, as well as other public institutions, with uniform caps, badges, hats, &c. Umbrellas of the very best make are also held in stock, and it may safely be stated that there is not any single item in the way of hats for all climates, hosiery, gloves, shirts, and outfitting items that is not well represented at this typical establishment. The high reputation of the house has always been its best advertisement, and this, coupled with the efficiency and sound judgment that continue to mark the methods of its administration, has secured and retained for the house a patronage characterised by every attribute of desirability and distinction.

BRISTOL GOLDSMITHS’ ALLIANCE AND MANUFACTURING COMPANY,
30, COLLEGE GREEN, BRISTOL;
Telegrams: “Alliance, Bristol.”

FORMED on the 1st of January, 1882, by the amalgamation of two of the oldest and most highly distinguished firms in the trade in the West of England, viz., Messrs. Charles Taylor & Co., established 1805, and Messrs. William Langford & Sons, established 1826, under the appropriate style and title designated above, for the purpose of manufacturing and selling all manner of articles of exclusively the highest standard fashioned, out of gold, silver, gems, and metals that lend themselves to artistic handicraft, this splendid institution to-day stands unrivalled in the city of Bristol, holding one of the largest, most varied, and valuable stocks of the kind to be found in the provinces of England. The imposing premises in College Green present a singularly attractive and surpassingly beautiful and brilliant appearance, by reason of the superb displays always en evidence in its three magnificently yet tastefully dressed windows and spacious show-room, while everywhere within there are evidences of the care and attention bestowed by Mr. George Langford, the talented managing partner, in arranging for the reception, prompt and courteous service, and general convenience of the firm’s numerous wealthy patrons. The handsomely appointed offices are at the rear, and still farther back are the elaborately equipped works, where a full staff of experts is engaged not only in manufacturing for stock, but also in the designing and production of articles to order.

Whilst operating in every branch of manufacture and repairs the firm have specialised several departments, in each of which they sustain an unsurpassed reputation, e.g., for recherche rings and gem jewellery, as experts in gems and diamond and pearl setting, and as makers of gold and silver presentation plate. In their horological department also they have achieved a widespread and well-merited renown for their superbly made watches and for their clocks, which are kept regulated by electricity to mean Greenwich time. There is not any department of goldsmiths’ or silversmiths’ and watchmakers’ work which is not fully and perfectly exemplified by the Alliance, and the large and liberal patronage they enjoy is ample evidence of the fact that their efforts have not failed to meet with deserved appreciation and support.

T. PAGE WOOD & CO., GUNMAKERS,
HIGH STREET, BRISTOL.

FOUNDED in 1876, the industrial enterprise controlled by Messrs. T. Page Wood & Co. has attained a reputation and influence that entitles it to rank among the most important houses engaged in the gun trade in the West of England. The premises, which were opened by Mr. T. Page Wood, the founder of the business, were situated at 35, Nicholas Street, but the rapid increase of the business outgrew the accommodation available there, and more commodious premises were taken in 1889 at 26, High Street. Here Messrs. T. Page Wood & Co. (that being now the style and title of the firm) added to the gun trade the business of athletic outfitters, and have a most extensive display of cricket, tennis, golf, and football requisites. Here any club, whether cricket, tennis, or football, may fit themselves out for a season’s play, from a selection of racquets, bats, balls, &c., by all the most noted makers. But it is in the gun trade that Messrs. T. Page Wood & Co. have won their reputation. Here the sportsman, whether going out to India, Africa, or the Colonies for “big game,” to Scotland for grouse, or tramping the home stubbles for partridges, or taking a “hot corner” at a battue, may have his gun built for him on the premises by experienced workmen, under the personal supervision of the head of the firm, or he may select one from the guns in stock, which are equal to any made in the metropolis.

The firm are also the patentees and manufacturers of the “Solid Lump Ejector Gun,” the simplest and best of its kind yet introduced. It has no complicated parts, and even a novice can handle it with ease and safety. They have also introduced and patented the National Choke Cartridge. These are loaded upon scientific principles by new patent automatic machinery. The firm are constantly receiving letters from gentlemen who use these cartridges, stating their freedom from recoil, great penetration, high velocity, and the long range at which they kill. The tastes of lovers of the “gentle art” are also catered for in rods, lines, flies, and other fishing tackle. The firm have branch establishments at Castle Street, Cardiff; and High Street, Shepton Mallet. They have also a fine shooting-range at Stapleton Road, where guns are tested.

THE GROCERS’ ALLIANCE,
WAVERLEY HOUSE, HAMPTON ROAD, REDLAND, BRISTOL.

THE admirably conducted business which is carried on in Hampton Road, Redland, and which is known as the Grocers’ Alliance, was originally established by Mr. Dudd. The Grocers’ Alliance, who are the present proprietors, took over the business in 1887, and since that date the previously existing connection, which was an excellent one, has been enormously developed, especially amongst the higher class residents in the district. The premises, which are very extensive, occupy a commanding site at the junction of Hampton Road and Waverley Road, and comprise a commodious double-fronted shop, having three ample plate-glass windows. At the rear is a well-appointed office, and an abundance of warehouse room, where heavy surplus stocks are held in readiness for all requirements. A copious price-list, periodically issued by the firm, constitutes a guide to the treasures of the establishment, and is much esteemed as a Work of reference by the housekeepers in the district. The Alliance’s intimate and extensive relations with leading firms of importers enable them to put supporters upon the best possible terms, both with respect to quality and to price. The several departments into which the stocks are divided may be described in general terms as follows: tea and coffee; grocery and provisions; Colonial and foreign produce; proprietary articles and perfumery; patent medicines and druggists’ sundries; brushes, combs, fancy goods, stationery, &c.; and wines and spirits. There is a large staff of competent assistants engaged. In connection with the Grocers’ Alliance a thoroughly equipped branch has been opened with signal success at St. Michael’s Hill, Cotham. This is known as the Grocers’ Alliance.

THOMAS COOKSLEY, DAIRY FARMER,
THE MANOR FARM DAIRY, PORTLAND PLACE, CLIFTON, BRISTOL.

THE supply of pure fresh milk has of late years commanded the attention of scientific men and practical experts throughout the length and breadth of the land, with the result that the modern dairy farmer who hopes to maintain public favour must be able to offer his commodities under indisputably perfect conditions. This has been done in an eminently successful manner at Clifton by Mr. Cooksley, of the Manor Farm Dairy, Portland Place, who, in 1887, acquired the business that had been established forty years ago by the late Mr. Thomas Stephings. Mr. Cooksley owns farms at Failand, near Bristol, and Bridgwater, in Somersetshire, which are under the careful inspection of W. R. Jermyn, Esq., M.R.C.V.S.L., and Frank Leigh, Esq., M.R.C.V.S.L., and he thus draws his supplies for his headquarters at Clifton, and for his branch depots at Barry, in South Wales, and Clapham Common, London, S.W., under the guarantee of those distinguished veterinarians.

The premises in Portland Place comprise a spacious, sweet, and sanitarily clean and wholesome shop and dairy, both of which are appointed throughout in the best modern style, and elaborately equipped with all the most modern appliances extant. Pure warm milk, cream, butter, and eggs, &c,, are delivered twice daily in Clifton and its districts, direct from the farms; and cows are specially kept for nursery and invalid milk, and supplied in sealed cans without extra charge. Mr. Cooksley’s connections and facilities are of a superior order, enabling him to offer special advantages to regular customers, and to execute all orders in a prompt and satisfactory manner. Personally, he is well known and highly esteemed as an enterprising, honourable, and thoroughly capable business man, liberal and fair in all transactions, and well deserving of the substantial success he is achieving. Mr. Cooksley is at the present time supplying customers who dealt with the firm forty years ago.

JONES & CO., WHOLESALE CHINA, GLASS, AND HARDWARE MERCHANTS,
70, CASTLE STREET, BRISTOL.

THE above business was established over twenty years ago by the present proprietor, Mr. George Jones, in the present premises which, however, Mr. Jones had found it necessary to greatly enlarge, and about two years ago he built a large warehouse at the back. The spacious and handsome front shop has a very fine plate-glass frontage. The interior is admirably appointed and well arranged for the display and storage of the large and varied stock. The various departments are well and completely stocked with a most extensive assortment of china, glass, and earthenware goods of the best English and Continental manufacture, many beautiful and elegant designs in dinner and dessert services, tea, breakfast, and toilet sets, cut and other glass decanters, tumblers, wines, flower-stands, and table ornaments. Earthenware goods, &c., cutlery, hardware, ironmongery, brushes, and household requisites are also well represented. Mr. Jones is a very extensive and judicious buyer in the best markets, and is thus enabled to give his customers the benefit of all intermediate profits and exceptional advantages both in quality and price. Messrs. Jones & Co. control a trade of a widespread and influential character in wholesale and retail branches operating extensively in all parts of the town and country. Mr. George Jones is a gentleman well known and highly esteemed in social and business circles, not only as an old-established and successful merchant, but also for his active exertions in promoting the best interests of the trade and commerce of the city and district.

F. G. EMERY, FAMILY BAKER AND FLOUR DEALER,
164, HOT WELL ROAD, BRISTOL.

DATING back in its foundation, as far as the year 1798, the records of this thriving business show that, after a period of forty-five years of successful development at the hands of a Mr. Burbidge, it was finally acquired in 1888 by its present able and energetic proprietor. Mr. Emery’s premises in the Hotwell Road are in every point of character and situation precisely adapted to the requirements of a brisk and essentially superior class of trade. They comprise a spacious, handsomely-appointed double-fronted shop, well fitted with ample corn, seed, and other bins, and every modern facility for holding and effectively displaying a thoroughly representative stock of plain and fancy breads, the celebrated digestive “Hovis” bread and biscuits, and everything incidental to a thoroughly first-class business of the kind. The perfectly equipped bakehouse, with its two fine ovens; lofts; and stabling for horses, and two covered delivery vans, are located at the rear, and here, with an adequate staff, Mr. Emery operates in every branch of his trade with a thoroughness and success that has won for him the esteem and confidence of a very large, influential, and still rapidly growing local and district family connection, and it is manifestly his resolution that the high reputation he has won shall not only be well sustained, but steadily enhanced and consistently developed in days to come.

R. F. WEBB & CO., WHOLESALE CORN, COAL, SALT AND GENERAL FORAGE CONTRACTORS,
AVON STREET, ST. PHILIP’S, BRISTOL.

THIS most intelligently and energetically-conducted business was established over half a century ago, by Mr. Richard Webb. The excellent connection which was created by that gentleman was taken over in 1885 by the present owner, who has in the interval succeeded in very largely extending it. The premises in Avon Street comprise a series of warehouses, stores, and offices, with extra stores under certain adjacent railway arches. There is a suite of well-appointed offices supplied with telephonic communication, and all other requisites for the prompt despatch of business. The telephone number is 263, and the registered telegraphic address:— “Salt, Bristol.”

The warehouse space is ample enough to permit of the carefully systematic arrangement of the heavy and varied stocks of Corn and forage of all varieties which are kept by the firm in readiness for all demands. There is well-equipped stabling for the horses, which, with a number of smart four-wheeled spring vans, perform a daily service of delivery. Messrs. Webb & Co. have made a widespread reputation by the excellence of a large number of useful specialities which have been introduced by Mr. R. F. Webb, and are compounded solely by him. The trade-mark of the firm represents a dog-cart with a tandem team at full speed. Other specialities of Mr. Webb’s which have become highly popular are his poultry corn, his mixture of corn for horses, his chaff, cut by new and improved machinery, free from dust, this being one of the chief specialities; they are also importers and merchants of corn, salt, and coal; German peat moss litter, patent torrefied malt, &c. Unvarying excellence is the characteristic of all the commodities sold by Mr. Webb, and his notable success shows how much this guaranteed quality is appreciated by his neighbours.

GEORGE WEBB, MUSICAL INSTRUMENT MAKER AND REPAIRER,
LOWER PARK ROW, BRISTOL.
Telegraphic address: “Webb, Bandmaster, Bristol.”

MR. GEORGE WEBB opened his present popular depot at Lower Park Row in the year 1881, and has already attracted a large share of the best patronage in the West of England. The spacious shop is elegantly appointed throughout in the best modern style, and is replete with every facility and convenience for the effective display of a stock that is remarkable for its rich and select character of violins, violoncellos, violas, basses, bows, banjos, guitars, and all kinds of popular stringed instruments and accessories, including specially imported Italian strings of the finest quality, and instrumental music up to date. In his executive department Mr. Webb, with expert assistance, operates as a maker of high-class stringed instruments, and devotes the most careful and competent attention to the thorough and artistic restoration and improvement of old instruments, as well as to the adjustment, mounting, and re-hairing of bows, and the large and liberal patronage he enjoys is ample evidence of the fact that his efforts, quite as much in the interest of the musical public as in his own, have not failed to meet with deserved appreciation and support. Amongst his various public appointments he has for a great number of years held the responsible position of bandmaster to the North Somerset Yeomanry and the Bristol Rifle Volunteers, and is well known throughout the musical profession as being a very successful instructor of bands. We may here mention that Mr. Webb provides any number of competent instrumentalists for balls, bazaars, garden parties, &c., &c., and his telegraphic address is, “Webb, Bandmaster, Bristol.”

Browne & Fierce, House Decorators, Painters, Faperhangers, Gilders, Writers, &c.,
7, Worrall Road, Clifton, Bristol.

Although Messrs. Browne & Pierce established their business only in
1892, they have already made good their claim to be regarded as one of the leading firms of house decorators, painters, paperhangers, gilders, writers, &c., in Clifton. To the task of creating the necessary business connection which they are rapidly building up, they brought a most valuable fund of experience, gained by these gentlemen during the twenty years throughout which they held responsible positions under the late famous firm of Messrs. W. Edkins & Sons. The premises of Messrs. Browne & Pierce are, externally and internally, of an elegance which is in harmonious keeping with the artistic excellence of the work which they execute. An extensive show-room, whose walls and ceiling form a beautiful example of decorative art, is replete with samples of wall papers and other appliances for house ornamentation which illustrate the most recent developments in aesthetic taste. The commanding double frontage has ample plate-glass display windows, which, with their tastefully arranged assortment of materials used by the firm in their industrial operations, form a notable point of interest in the street attractions of the district. Messrs. Browne & Pierce have already executed much excellent work in the Clifton and Bristol districts, and their reputation is rapidly extending amongst the most distinguished families in the neighbourhood. The firm are also doing a considerable and increasing business in sign-writing and shop decoration, in which branch the partners have both had a wide experience. They are assisted by a large and capable staff.

CORNFORTH & HOUGHTON, TAILORS,
47, COLLEGE GREEN, BRISTOL.

ORGANISED in the year 1890, by the association in business of Messrs. W. R. Cornforth and H. A. Houghton, this admirably conducted business already stands high in the estimation of a widespread yet select patronage. Both partners are thoroughly practical men, doing their own cutting; and every customer is attended to personally by one of the firm. Messrs. Cornforth and Houghton, while catering adequately to the needs and requirements of gentlemen, have devoted special attention to their ladies’ department. In entering upon their tenancy the proprietors effected extensive alterations to suit the needs of their business by forming a new double-frontage to their spacious handsomely-appointed shop. A large standard frame in the centre of the shop is draped with specimens of all the most fashionable fabrics, derived from the best home manufacturers. At the sides of the shop are fitments holding an enormous stock of cloths, English, Scotch, and Irish tweeds, and the like; while at the rear there is a comfortably-appointed ladies’ fitting room, where a full-sized saddled model of a horse suggests the care and attention that has been bestowed by the proprietors upon the fashioning of ladies’ riding habits and other equestrian garments. Still farther back comes the perfectly equipped workroom, where a full staff of skilled and experienced hands is employed. Every order, whether for ladies or gentlemen, receives the exhaustive consideration of the principals, and is executed in its entirety upon the premises under their personal supervision. Such being the case, it is not at all surprising that no tailoring house in Bristol surpasses this, one in style, perfect fit, good taste, and faultless finish; and it is a true criterion of and tribute to the firm’s capabilities, that patrons are invariably pleased with the results of their efforts. Messrs. Cornforth and Houghton are eminently reputed among their patrons for their punctuality, courtesy, and moderate tariff of charges, and their house stands high in the estimation of a widespread connection.

T. H. MILLARD, WATCHMAKER, JEWELLER, AND SILVERSMITH,
4, DOLPHIN STREET, BRISTOL.

THIS extensive business was established upwards of fifty years ago by the late Mr. Hodson, and was purchased by the present proprietor some ten years ago. The establishment occupies an excellent position in Dolphin Street, nearly opposite to Wine Street. The outward aspect of this spacious and handsome shop, with its elegantly dressed plate-glass window, never fails to command admiring attention. The interior is also beautifully fitted up with air-tight show-cases, and other appropriate appointments. The stock held by Mr. Millard is one of the handsomest and most interesting in Bristol, and comprises an immense assortment of fine gold and silver watches, chains, ornaments, rings, bracelets, brooches, earrings, diamonds, precious stones, clocks and timepieces of the best English and Continental manufacture, ornamental bronzes and statuettes, a very choice selection of silver and electro-plated goods of exquisite workmanship and refined beauty. The house is also specially noted for wedding rings and keepers, gold keyless watches forming one of the leading features of the business. Mr. Millard is a large and judicious buyer from the first manufacturers in the trade, and displays the most meritorious enterprise in constantly adding to his stock articles which are at once novel, useful, and attractive. Repairs to clocks, watches, and jewellery, and electro-plating and gilding receive prompt attention, and are executed on moderate terms and with the least possible delay. Mr. T. H. Millard brings to bear upon the business the advantage of many years’ practical experience; he is well known and highly respected in Bristol, and enjoys the confidence and support of a very extensive and distinguished patronage.

W. HILL, BED AND BEDDING MANUFACTURER,
12, LOWER CASTLE STREET, AND NARROW WEIR, BRISTOL.

AMONG the specialised industries of the City of Bristol, the manufacture of beds and mattresses finds an able representative and exponent in the person of Mr. W. Hill, who, after a decade of the soundest experience in the trade, opened his present prosperous business in Lower Castle Street, and Narrow Weir, about eleven years ago. With every modern facility, and a large staff of skilled and experienced operatives at his command, Mr. Hill produces on a large scale all manner of beds and bedding, of every class and grade, from sanitarily-purified materials of exclusively the best quality. He has won a reputation for the reliability of all his productions, and notably for his excellent wool and spring mattresses, wherever they have been introduced. In his commodious showrooms and warehouses he holds an enormous stock of not only beds and mattresses of his own manufacture, but of iron and brass bedsteads of the best make; and although ready at all times to supply retail orders, his trade is principally wholesale, and extends practically to every quarter of the kingdom. Mr. Hill’s connections and facilities are indeed of a distinctly superior character, enabling him to offer special advantages to large buyers, and to execute all orders in a prompt and satisfactory manner. Personally he is well known and highly esteemed in mercantile circles as an enterprising, honourable, and thoroughly capable business man; liberal and fair in all transactions, and well deserving of the substantial success he is achieving.

WILLIAM ROBERTS & CO., READY-MONEY TAILORS,
32, PARK STREET, BRISTOL.

NEARLY thirty years ago the present senior partner in the firm of William Roberts & Co. commenced business in Bristol as a ready-money tailor, and for the past seven years has been in partnership with Mr. A. H. Windebank and Mr. M. W. Taylor. This coalition has proved to be of the utmost value, and has conduced to the increase and development of the connection, the nucleus of which had been formed by Mr. Roberts, and carefully nursed during the period of his sole proprietorship. There are several points of interest and importance to be noted in connection with this enterprise. Perhaps the chief is that business is conducted on a ready-money basis, a highly desirable, but frequently unattainable system, especially (if rumour be correct) in the tailoring trade. However, be that as it may, Messrs. Roberts & Co. appear to have solved this difficulty to their own satisfaction and profit, as well as the benefit of their clientele. The business done is almost entirely in gentlemen’s clothes, and the aforesaid cash principle enables the firm to supply articles of excellent quality and perfect workmanship at a price quite impossible under the ordinary arrangement of long credit. Under the guidance of its founder the establishment was honoured in 1865 by being awarded a medal for general excellence of goods displayed at the Great International Exhibition of Arts and Manufactures held in that year. Another similar medal was bestowed by the jurors of the International Exhibition held in Paris in 1867. In connection with this Messrs. Roberts advertise as a speciality their celebrated French trousers at 13s. 6d., 16s., and 21s. per pair — unheard-of prices where the plan of cash payments is not practised. The business premises at 32, Park Street are commodious, admirably arranged, and stocked with the latest and best patterns and qualities of material.

WARTON & CO., MERCANTILE, LEGAL, AND FAMILY STATIONERS, &C.,
13, CLARE STREET, BRISTOL.
Telephone No.: 456.

THIS well-organised business was formed on the 5th of April, 1892, under the experienced auspices of its present sole proprietor, Mr. Walter F. Warton, who had won his laurels in the trade during thirty years as a partner in the well-known firm of Messrs. W. & F. Morgan. The premises occupied at 13, Clare Street, which were until recently tenanted by Mr. G. B. May, in the same line of business, were taken by Mr. Warton on a long lease, and entirely remodelled in the best modern style, to suit the requirements of a brisk and essentially superior class of trade. The spacious double-fronted shop is elegantly appointed throughout, and arranged to hold and effectively display a complete and comprehensive stock of exclusively superior goods, illustrative of mercantile, legal and family stationery, account books for all trades, office requisites, and stationers’ sundries of every conceivable kind, including complete lines of the well-known specialities, Chubb’s safes, Zuccato’s trypograph, and the Neo-cyclostyle duplicating machines, Bristol mechanical binder, Shannon and Pilot files, and Stafford’s celebrated inks, for all of which Mr. Warton acts as local agent. For the convenience of his patrons, Mr. Warton was appointed Cook’s tourist agent, which agency he managed for many years whilst partner with Messrs. W. & F. Morgan. All kinds of printing, lithography, engraving, die sinking, bookbinding, and the making of account books have been made a special feature, also artistic designs for wedding cards and envelopes, menus, ball programmes, and visiting cards. A courteous and capable staff of assistants is fully engaged in the filling of orders, and in keeping the stocks in the excellent order in which they are found, and the large and liberal patronage already secured is ample evidence of the fact that Mr. Warton’s efforts, quite as much in the public interest as in his own, have not failed to meet with deserved appreciation and support.

DANIEL FREDERICK GREEN, REGISTERED PLUMBER, SANITARY SPECIALIST, AND HOT-WATER ENGINEER,
75, MILK STREET, BRISTOL; SHOP AT 65, COTHAM HILL.

THIS business is regarded as the leading one of the kind in the neighbourhood in which it is situate. It was founded in 1870 by Mr. Daniel Frederick Green, who is the present sole proprietor. Up to within a few years ago the business was carried on at 6, Horsefair, the present premises having been acquired to meet the requirements of a vastly extended trade. The shop is of attractive appearance, and is heavily stocked with goods of the most useful and reliable character. Into the baths, traps, and sanitary goods on view the latest improvements have been introduced. The works are at No. 75, Milk Street, and are commodious, and thoroughly well equipped with all the needed appliances. Mr. Green is engaged in several important branches, such as plumbing, sanitary and hot-water engineering, this being a special feature of his business, gasfitting, bell-hanging, zinc-working, &c., and, having made drainage a special study, is able to carry all work out under his personal supervision. For the carrying out of the same a large and competent staff is-engaged. The proprietor, having a practical and theoretical knowledge of the various branches, personally superintends the same, ensuring correctness in every respect. His ample resources enable him to undertake contracts of magnitude, in town or country, his conscientious workmanship having given complete satisfaction in high quarters on many occasions. Greenhouses can be built to any design or size, and fitted with heating apparatus, and every requirement, on very reasonable terms. The business has taken its stand as a thoroughly reliable concern, and as such receives that large amount of support due to sterling merit.

E. BURNELL, SCULPTOR IN MARBLE, STONE, AND GRANITE,
13, NELSON PARADE, BEDMINSTER, BRISTOL.

MR. E. BURNELL established himself in 1873 in the commodious premises which he has since continued to occupy. During the interval he has obtained a position of great distinction in his profession. The premises comprise a conveniently situated and spacious stone and marble yard, with a series of admirably equipped workshops. Mr. Burnell has utilised all his extensive experience and expended a large amount of capital in providing all the most approved modern machinery, for ensuring the best possible results, combined with such economy in labour as enables him to quote the lowest possible rates for first-class work. The mechanical appliances include lathes, sanding plates, polishing machines, and saws, all driven by a vertical steam-engine of seven horse-power, and of recent construction. There are also lift blocks for raising the stones to the first floor to facilitate certain manufacturing operations. A spacious and well-appointed show-room in the front has numerous fine examples of Mr. Burnell’s beautifully artistic work as a manufacturer of marble chimneypieces, together with monuments, tombstones, tablets, fonts, pulpits, &c., in marble, stone, and granite. Mr. Burnell’s valuable business connections extend not only throughout the whole of the Bristol district, but to such remoter localities as Birmingham, Derbyshire, Liverpool, Birkenhead, Holyhead, and all over the South and West of England, and South Wales. He also controls a considerable export trade to the Colonies, and has recently shipped a magnificent marble staircase to Calcutta, and some beautifully designed tombstones to Barbadoes. Mr. Burnell is assisted by an efficient staff, some of whom are artists of much technical skill.

W. F. HIGGINS, CHINA AND GLASS SHOW-ROOMS,
107, STOKES CROFT, BRISTOL.

ALTHOUGH established as recently as 1883, this well-known house has already acquired a position that stamps it as one of the most energetically conducted concerns of the kind in the city. The original premises occupied were at 103, Stokes Croft, but the business having outgrown the accommodation there, Mr. Higgins acquired the large building at No. 107. in the same thoroughfare. This structure he has considerably altered to meet his special requirements, the most important improvement being the erection of a fine gallery which runs round the spacious shop. This apartment extends over the front shop, and forms the most magnificent show-room in the trade so far as Bristol is concerned. A very large and comprehensive stock is held, including china and glass, for domestic and decorative purposes, in such variety as to afford to customers a practically unlimited choice. Derby, Minton, Worcester, and other choice ware oi most elegant designs are especially well represented. Mr. Higgins’s stock of Derby-pattern ware has been pronounced by experts to be one of the choicest collections in the Kingdom, and it is always kept up to this high standard. To meet the requirements of the new Weights and Measures Act, Mr. Higgins has opened a special department for the supply of earthenware measures, with the capacity stamped on the body, and bearing the Government stamp, for the use of licensed victuallers and those engaged in kindred trades. During the ten years throughout which he has been in business Mr. Higgins has secured the entire confidence and support of very influential connections throughout the whole of the West of England and abroad.

G. P. REYNOLDS, BUTCHER,
19, PARK STREET, BRISTOL.

THE above representative business was founded upwards of forty years ago by Messrs. Trull & Sons, and has for the past twenty years occupied its present premises in Park Street. They form an establishment which might well be taken as a model of its kind. Spacious, commodious, handsomely appointed in the best modern style, and always scrupulously neat and clean, the shop is one of the most attractive in a particularly attractive thoroughfare, and at once suggests the high-class trade to which it is devoted. Mr. G. P. Reynolds supplies the finest quality of meat that enterprise can secure or money purchase, and he enjoys the favour and confidence of a very large and influential clientele, his circle of patrons including the best families of the city and district. As a business man Mr. Reynolds is esteemed for his honourable methods and for his thorough knowledge of the trade in which he is engaged.

THE ROYAL TALBOT HOTEL,
VICTORIA STREET, BRISTOL.
WILLIAM MARCHANT, MANAGING DIRECTOR.
(Telegrams: “Talbot, Bristol”).

ERECTED upon the site of an old-established hostelry, of the same name, about eighteen years ago, when the Corporation of the city of Bristol laid out the splendid thoroughfare known as Victoria Street, the Royal Talbot Hotel is conveniently situated at the corner of Victoria Street and Bath Street, in close proximity to the General Post Office, within five minutes’ walk of the Joint Railway Station, and but five minutes by ’bus or tram from the steamboat piers. The hotel was acquired from Mr. Reynolds about two years ago by the Talbot Hotel (Bristol), Limited, and is now under the control of Mr. William Marchant, the managing director. The hotel per se is an imposing building of massive architecture, having a corner entrance to a splendidly appointed public bar of noble proportions. The main entrance is in Victoria Street, and gives direct access to a commodious commercial-room, replete with every modern facility, telephonic communication with the principal hotels and business houses in the city, stock-rooms, writing conveniences, &c., up to date. There is, besides, a cosy private bar, a fine smoke-room, a billiard saloon, with superb tables by Orme, of Manchester, and Burroughes & Watts, of London; coffee-room, private sitting-rooms and apartments en suite on the first floor, and a complement of sixty large, comfortable, and airy bedchambers. Luxuriously furnished and fitted throughout, provided with hot and cold baths, and good domestic offices, the hotel is essentially hygienic and wholesome in every detail, being perfectly drained, well lighted and heated, and scientifically ventilated. A staff of very efficient hands is required to keep the establishment in full working order, and so popular has the hotel become that, in order to prevent disappointment, rooms should be secured by intended guests a few days in advance. Excellent cooking, a choice cellar, unexceptionable attendance, and a moderate tariff of charges characterise the menage of the Talbot; and the sound judgment and practical knowledge of Mr. William Marchant, the genial and courteous managing director, are strongly manifested in every effort that is made to sustain the house in its unsurpassed position of favour and high repute among the leading hostelries of the City of Bristol.

THE DON ASSOCIATION OF MANUFACTURERS, CLOTHIERS, TAILORS, HOSIERS, &C.,
45 AND 46, WINE STREET, BRISTOL.

THIS noted clothing supply association has for many years been familiar to the public throughout the Kingdom by reason of their admirably conducted establishments in most of the leading cities and towns of England. The Bristol branch, now under review, was opened in the year 1883, under the able and vigorous managerial direction of Mr. W. H. Forsyth, who developed its business to such good purpose that it was found expedient, about three years ago, to considerably extend the concern by the annexation of the adjoining premises at No. 46. The two spacious shops thus acquired always present a singularly attractive appearance, by reason of the tasteful displays made in their fine show windows, one being devoted to hosiery, hats, and gentlemen’s mercery generally, while the other exhibits stylishly fashioned ready-made clothing for gentlemen and boys. On the first floor there is the bespoke department, with its cutting and show rooms, while the second storey is utilised for well-equipped work-rooms, where the sewing machines will soon be driven by an engine, which will also act as the motor for the dynamo forming the generator for the electric light installation now being fixed. The bespoke work is all done upon the premises by skilled and experienced craftsmen; while the ready-made garments are produced at the factories of the association in Stroud, Gloucestershire. The modus operandi of the company consists simply in producing garments up to date, in every point of style, fashion, first-rate quality, good fit, and faultless workmanship, and to charge the uniform modest fee of one shilling over cost price for each garment made. In their hosiery and general outfitting department they also make it a rule to supply exclusively reliable goods at the lowest possible prices consistent with equitable trading, employing in their Bristol branch a staff of about thirty assistants, workmen, and outdoor hands; and the large and liberal patronage they enjoy is ample evidence of the fact that their efforts have not failed to meet with deserved appreciation and support.

BICK, WRIGHT & CO., CABINETMAKERS AND UPHOLSTERERS, AND GENERAL HOUSE FURNISHERS,
7 AND 8, ST. JAMES’S BARTON, BRISTOL.

THE records of this representative house show that it was organised in the year 1850 by Messrs. Dunsford & Cook, that it subsequently came under the control of Messrs. H. Bick & Co., and that about seven years ago the present style and title, as designated above, was finally assumed under the personnel of Mr. J. T. Wright, Mr. W. T. Wright, and Mr. R. F. Wright, who also conduct a branch business at Broadmead, under the style of Messrs. J. T. Wright & Co. The premises, of many floors, are admirably appointed throughout in the best modern style, a series of lifts connecting the various departments, each of which is replete with every facility for the rapid and effective transaction of business, and for the production of the excellent goods for which the firm have won an unsurpassed reputation. The spacious ground floor, thirty feet by one hundred feet in area, is neatly arranged to hold and display a vast and varied assortment of superior furniture in suites and single pieces, in all the popular styles, made from the best fancy woods, in elegant designs, and where needful, richly and beautifully upholstered. Special departments are allotted to beds and bedding, bedroom furniture, old oak cabinets, &c., and to suites. The firm are now making a speciality of office furniture, and have some fine examples of revolving desks, while ample provision is made for packing, and for the prompt delivery of goods. The workshops are elaborately equipped, and call into active requisition the services of a large staff of skilled craftsmen, and all the work so done embodies the strength and solidity of the furniture of our forefathers with the gracefulness of modern artistic designs. Each individual member of this progressive firm takes an active part in the management of the business, and the marked success that has attended the concern is directly due to the personal ability and energy, system and regularity which have characterised its administration from the first.

THE CONTINENTAL RESTAURANT,
35, HIGH STREET, BRISTOL.
PROPRIETOR, C. JACOMELLI; MANAGER, L. MILEFANTI.

THERE was a time when the “diner-out” in Bristol sighed at the privileges enjoyed by the denizen of Paris or Vienna, or the sojourner in the West End of London in respect to the possibility of obtaining first-class cuisine arrangements, combined with moderate charges. Since the establishment of the Continental Restaurant at 35, High Street that complaint has become one of the things that have been. Since Mr. Jacomelli took over the commodious premises which he now occupies he has effected wonderful structural changes. The frontage of the premises in High Street, in which the restaurant holds a prominent position, gives no adequate idea of the interior accommodation, which is of an excellent character. The proprietor has rebuilt two-thirds of the interior in a manner which suggests the luxury of the Boulevards, and the quiet comfort of the best restaurants in the West End of London. The principal dining-room is fifty feet long by twenty-two wide, and is artistically decorated. Japanese wall-papers and Lincrusta dados vie with each other in giving an air of luxurious elegance to an apartment where banquets are served up, at all hours of the day, which would tempt the appetite of a Lucullus at the cost of a clerk’s daily expenditure for luncheon. There are private rooms, equally well equipped, for large and small parties, and smoke-rooms where Sybaritic luxuries can be enjoyed at the smallest of cost. Mr. Jacomelli’s facilities for supplying the best of comestibles, also a fine selection of the leading brands of foreign cigars, at reasonable charges, combined with unvarying excellence of table appliances in every department, and the excellent fare provided in his well-ventilated kitchens, which are situated at the top of the house, far removed from the dining-rooms, deserve the large patronage which is now accorded to his establishment by commercial and private gentlemen. There is no more appetising daily menu in the West of England than that which is put before his customers by Mr. Jacomelli, while all their special wants are provided for by Mr. Milefanti, the manager, whose experience and tact are fully equal to the situation. The excellent appliances of Mr. Jacomelli’s bakehouse, which forms a valuable feature of the establishment, and where all the pastry and bread used in the establishment is made, are much to be commended.

J. H. MOGG, DEALER IN WORKS OF ART, ANTIQUITIES, &C.,
3, PARK STREET, BRISTOL.

MR. J. H. MOGG has for more than five years conducted in Bristol the highly interesting trade of a dealer in works of art. During the past six years Mr. Mogg has carried on business at No. 3, Park Street, Bristol, where his handsome shop and spacious show-rooms are stocked with numerous works of art, curiosities, rare china, mediaeval furniture, &c. With great judgment and taste Mr. Mogg purchases oil paintings, valuable engravings, plate and other desirable articles at all the important sales in the Kingdom, and subsequently disposes of them to his numerous clients both in London and the provinces. Many connoisseurs of note are numbered among the callers at 3, Park Street, where at times the shelves, tables, and showcases are literally packed with objets d’art, a veritable dream of beauty, and an unfailing source of delight to the collector. Such great confidence is evinced by many wealthy persons in Mr. Mogg’s taste and judgment that he is frequently entrusted with the execution of important commissions for the purchase of additions to galleries of note and private collections, truly a most fascinating and gratifying occupation.

THE BRISTOL COLLIERIES COMPANY, LIMITED,
MALAGO COLLIERY AND BRICK WORKS, BEDMINSTER, BRISTOL.
SECRETARY: MR. S. TRYON.

THIS Company was incorporated in 1873 under the Limited Liability Acts. The chairman is Mr. Edward Payson Wills, and the other directors are as follows:— Mr. Josiah Williams, Mr. Wilberforce Tribe, J.P., Mr. E. G. Clarke (official receiver), and Mr. H. C. Perry, of the firm of Bryant, Perry & Sons. The company are the owners of the extensive and valuable property known as the Malago Collieries and Brickworks, which are situated at Bedminster. There are in this property two pits, the weekly output of which amounts to from fifteen hundred to two thousand tons of excellent household coal, which finds a ready sale in the district. The pits also yield a considerable amount of good steam coal suitable for shipping. There are, likewise, extensive brick-works adjoining the colliery, where large quantities of bricks and tiles for building purposes are produced. These also find a ready sale in the locality. The premises cover in all about six acres. The chairman of the Company, Mr. Edward Payson Wills, who is highly esteemed throughout the district, is a Justice of the Peace for the county of Gloucester. Mr. Wilberforce Tribe, a director, is a Justice of the Peace for the city and county of Bristol. Mr. S. Tryon, the secretary, is a member of the firm of Messrs. Tribe, Clarke & Co., the eminent accountants of Bristol. The registered office is in Albion Chambers, and the telegraphic address {registered)is: “Malago, Bristol.”

DAVEY & CO., REMOVAL CONTRACTORS, HOUSE FURNISHERS, AUCTIONEERS, HOUSE AND ESTATE AGENTS,
61 AND 63, COTHAM HILL, AND 33, WEST PARK, CLIFTON, BRISTOL.

THIS extensive business was founded by Messrs. Davey & Co. as far back as the year 1846, and has increased concurrently with the development of the trade and commerce of Bristol from that period up to the present time. The premises at Cotham Hill are a very handsome and extensive block of buildings. Nos. 61 and 63 consist of two spacious shops made to connect, and have very handsome plate-glass windows, while the internal arrangements and appointments cannot be too highly commended. Here Messrs. Davey & Co. have a splendid display of high-class furniture of every description. The finest workmanship, the best materials, and the highest finish and artistic taste in design are prominent features in every item of the firm’s productions. These premises also contain large and well-equipped workshops, and extensive storage accommodation. At No. 33, West Park, Messrs. Davey & Co. have a very large warehouse for the storage of furniture, pictures, wines, and other goods, separate rooms have been specially built, and the establishment is probably the largest and most complete of its kind in the West of England.

A prominent feature of Messrs. Davey & Co.’s business is the removal of furniture in pantechnicon vans to all parts of the world. They have been granted Her Majesty’s royal letters patent for improvements in vehicles for removing furniture, and their Royal patent vans have been supplied to the trade throughout the Kingdom, and are running on British, Irish, French, Italian, and German railways. As auctioneers and estate agents Messrs. Davey & Co. do a very large and increasing business, and have a splendid sale-room in Maudlin Street, Bristol. They are also extensively engaged in the manufacture of the “Parisian Furniture Polish,” the great and world-renowned cleaner of cabinet furniture, pianofortes, marble and japanned goods. This brilliant and lasting polish is undoubtedly without an equal, and its increasing popularity is well attested by the continued demand upon the resources of the works for its production. An efficient staff of competent workmen are employed, cabinetmaking is undertaken in all its branches, and polishing and re-upholstering all kinds of furniture in the best styles is done at the lowest possible prices. Carpets are beaten by the latest improved steam machinery, and collected and delivered free of charge. The trading operations of Messrs. Davey & Co. are most extensive, their connections being of a widespread and influential character, and the high repute in which their noted house has always been held has been instrumental in endowing their well-conducted establishment with a large and increasing share of the best class of patronage. The proprietors have won the esteem and confidence of the commercial world, and their operations are creditable alike to themselves and the industry they so well represent.

B. FULLIN, ANATOMICAL BOOT MAKER,
57, STOKES CROFT, BRISTOL.

ABOUT eight or nine years ago Mr. Pullin opened a small shop in St. Andrew’s Buildings, Montpelier, where he devoted his attention with much success to the making of high-class boots and shoes upon anatomical principles. At the end of twelve months he removed to more central premises at 17, Dighton Street, and here his business grew so rapidly that in less than four years he found it necessary to take the commodious establishment he now occupies in Stokes Croft. This double-fronted shop has been thoroughly redecorated and refitted by Mr. Pullin, and now presents a very attractive appearance. There is a special measuring-room for ladies and children, a convenience that is much appreciated, and in all respects the premises afford every facility for the superior business to which they are devoted. The workrooms are spacious and well-fitted, and here all the processes of manufacture are carried out with the utmost care and skill, under the personal supervision of the principal.

Mr. Pullin’s plan of making boots and shoes differs from that of other makers, in general, inasmuch as he does not endeavour to improve upon nature. Mr. Pullin recognises that nature permits no trifling with her laws, so he conforms to them. He makes his boots to fit the foot in every way, having carefully studied every detail of pedal anatomy for this purpose. The result is a boot of which the design is quite in accordance with natural principles, and which is at once delightfully comfortable and thoroughly healthy to wear. At the same Mr. Pullin entirely frees his boots from the clumsy appearance that some so-called “anatomical” boots possess. It is not surprising to learn that Mr. Pullin enjoys the support of a very large and valuable clientele, which is steadily increasing. According to his method it is essential that a last should be made for every individual, no two pairs of feet being quite identical in conformation. The outline is drawn on paper, and the last is then carefully made. Both last and pattern are preserved and numbered for future use, for Mr. Pullin’s customers, who exist in most parts of the country and also many places abroad, come to him again, and he has probably the largest stock of lasts in Bristol, the measures exceeding four thousand eight hundred.

The leading specialities of this house are in hand-sewn walking, hunting and shooting boots, and surgical boots of all descriptions. Mr. Pullin has worthily earned his success, and many of his patrons owe him a debt of gratitude for ailments of the feet which his excellent system has averted. Mr. Pullin has worked his way up to his present prosperous position by unwearying application and industry, and no man in Bristol knows more about boots and boot making than he does. His patrons repose full confidence in him, and his growing connection is a proof that he never abuses their trust.

THOMAS OSTLER, FURNISHING IRONMONGER AND CUTLER, LAMP AND CHANDELIER WAREHOUSE,
46, PARK STREET, BRISTOL.

THE large and interesting business here carried on is one of the most important of its kind in Bristol, and was founded over thirty years ago at its present head-quarters. For the past twenty years Mr. Thomas Ostler has been sole proprietor, and under his energetic management the trade of the house has developed uninterruptedly. The premises occupied are spacious and handsomely appointed, and they contain an immense and varied stock, all the show-rooms presenting a most attractive appearance, and exhibiting a wonderful assortment of new and high-class goods in lamps, chandeliers, cutlery, and all manner of furnishing ironmongery. The leading speciality consists in lamps and lamp shades, and of these Mr. Ostler holds as large and as comprehensive a stock as can be met with anywhere outside of London. All the newest artistic designs are shown, together with all the latest constructive improvements, and there is a wonderful display of pretty novelties in lamp and candle shades. Lamps of handsome and artistic patterns have “come in” again very extensively during the last few years, many - persons preferring them to gas or electricity for lighting rooms, as a well-trimmed and well-shaded lamp gives a cosy appearance that is not obtainable by other means. In furnishing ironmongery, fine brass and copper goods, &c., &c., this house is equally well to the fore, and a splendid show is made at the warehouse in Park Street. Electro-plated goods of choice quality are a special feature, and so is cutlery, the stock being selected from the best makers in Sheffield. The firm are also gas fitters, and keep a full stock of every requisite in this connection. Mr. Ostler does a very large and high-class trade, one of the notable features of which consists in providing lamps for public and private banquets, &c., and he has customers in all parts of the country, even sending goods to London, while many orders are annually executed for abroad. The entire business is personally conducted by the experienced principal, and is a fine type of the sort of commercial undertaking one naturally expects to find in abundance in a city so famous as Bristol in all branches of mercantile enterprise.

W. H. MASON, WATCHMAKER AND JEWELLER,
2, PORTLAND PLACE, CLIFTON.

AMONG the many attractive establishments of Clifton, that of Mr. W. H. Mason commands attention as one associated for a long period with the high-class watch and jewellery trade. Mr. Mason commenced business in 1868, originally in Victoria Street, and three years later he removed to the larger and more commodious premises now occupied at the above address. Here he has a handsomely appointed and convenient shop, the windows of which always display a tasteful selection of goods indicative of the varied and interesting character of the stock within. Mr. Mason has gathered together a large and comprehensive stock, the different departments of which are replete with new and attractive productions brought from the best sources of supply at home and abroad; and he shows at all times a variety of artistic novelties in fine gold and gem jewellery of all descriptions, reliable gold and silver watches, clocks and timepieces in various styles, both of English and Continental make, electro-plated goods of superior design and workmanship, and many other articles suitable for presents. In every feature of the business a successful effort is made to maintain the high standard of merit by which this establishment has gained repute and patronage in the district. It may be added that Mr. Mason is a buyer of old coins, enamels, miniatures, gold, and silver plate, &c., &c., and is in a position to deal liberally with those who have goods of this nature for disposal. Personally Mr. Mason is well known as a courteous and enterprising business man, and he enjoys the support and confidence of an influential clientele.

A. DAVIS, FAMILY BUTCHER AND PURVEYOR OF ENGLISH MEAT,
251, HOTWELL ROAD, BRISTOL.

THE purveying of prime fresh meat always held in the best of condition to meet the exacting wants of a large" and essentially superior class of trade finds an able representative and exponent at the city of Bristol in the person of Mr. A. Davis, the worthy successor to a business which dates back in its foundation as far back as the year 1794, and was formerly conducted by the late Mr. John Hurn, trading as purveyor of meat by appointment to Her Majesty the Queen. The business was acquired by Mr. Davis in the year 1892. The spacious shop in the Hotwell Road, with its marble-topped counters, neatly-tiled walls, and modern conveniences for storing, effectively displaying and retaining the meat in perfect condition, is augmented by a hygienically- conducted abattoir at the rear, with stalls for conditioning twenty cattle, and every facility for the dressing of carcasses and joints by a staff of Experts; while there are well-ordered stables adjoining for the service of horses and delivery carts called into requisition in the maintenance of a first-class family trade where orders are daily called for, and deliveries punctually made. From what has been stated it will be readily gathered that Mr. Davis’s facilities and connections are of a distinctly superior character, and it is manifestly his resolution that the high reputation of his house shall not only be well sustained, but steadily enhanced in time to come.

S. CURTIS, FANCY BREAD AND BISCUIT BAKER, CORN DEALER, &C.,
149, GLOUCESTER ROAD, BISHOPSTON, BRISTOL.

THIS extensive and well-known business was established at the above address twenty- seven years ago by the present sole proprietor, Mr. Samuel Curtis. The premises occupied stand in a good position in the main thoroughfare, and are of attractive appearance generally. The shop has an excellent double front, with plate-glass windows, in which a tempting display is made. The fittings and furnishings of the interior are in good taste, the counter having marble top, while there are numerous glass shades and other stands for holding the stock. The productions of Mr. Curtis have long held a foremost position, being appreciated over a wide area for the purity and savour of each. The ingredients of which they are composed are of the best, rendering them perfectly wholesome. Fresh supplies are made daily. The bakery is approached through a gate, at the side of the shop, the bakehouse recently erected being forty feet long, twenty-seven wide, and sixteen high, with two lofts of the same size used entirely for storing and mixing the flour used in baking. It is fitted up on the most approved hygienic principle, and is seventy feet away from any other building, and is scrupulously clean. Several competent hands are kept constantly busy in the different departments. Many of the families of Horsfield, Bishopston, and the surrounding districts are regular customers, holding the proprietor in deserved respect and esteem.

T. W. BOTT, HATTER AND HOSIER,
1, WINE STREET, BRISTOL.

THE above notable business was organised in the year 1881 by its present able and energetic proprietor, and the commercial development of the concern has been both rapid and continuous from its inception. The premises occupied comprise a spacious double- fronted emporium, with a handsome sub-circular facade, elegantly appointed throughout in the best modern style, and most methodically arranged to effectually display a complete and comprehensive stock of silk and felt hats, caps for all occasions, and men’s hosiery and general mercery goods of every description derived from the leading manufacturers of the day, both at home and abroad. These are augmented by a reserved department for toilet goods, perfumery, sticks and umbrellas, and a variety of fashionable fancy goods as accessory to, a capitally equipped hair-dressing saloon on the floor above, both departments of the business receiving the attention of a staff of competent and courteous assistants, under the personal supervision of the proprietor, whose business policy is of so enterprising a nature as to practically ensure a long continuance of the satisfactory conditions under which his house now operates.

WILLIAM REES, GROCER AND PROVISION STORES,
43, GLOUCESTER ROAD, BISHOPSTON, BRISTOL.

THIS extensive business was originated twenty years ago by Mr. Gallop, from whom it was acquired some six years ago by the present sole proprietor, Mr. William Rees. Some few years ago extensive additions and alterations were made to the premises, rendering them worthy of being placed among the principal commercial buildings of the neighbourhood. The shop has two capital plate-glass windows, while the interior is fitted and furnished with a considerable degree of taste. The stock is well arranged, and is relieved by stands, &c. Every department connected with the grocery and provision trades is fully entered into. In the former, fresh, sound goods are always on hand for cooking, cleaning, and general purposes. There are a number of the popular preparations for puddings, and there is a full complement of tinned goods of the best brands. The best manufactures of jams, jellies, pickles, sauces, biscuits, and numerous useful and fancy sundries are prominently to the fore. In provisions there are prime dairy-fed hams and bacons, butters, cheeses, lard, and all kinds of home, Continental, and Colonial produce. Tea forms a distinct speciality. Mr. Rees has the advantage of much experience to guide him in purchasing. He is the owner of several blends that have taken a firm hold upon the favour of the general public. A pure Ceylon tea is supplied at 1s. 6d. and 2s. per pound, and Mr. Rees has a special blend at 2s. per pound. With such an influential and valuable connection implicit reliance can be reposed upon everything purchased here. Mr. Rees has customers in all parts of the neighbourhood, and has succeeded in winning for himself profound respect.

J. FARMER, WINDOW BLIND MANUFACTURER,
STAPLETON ROAD, BRISTOL.

ORGANISED in the year 1872 under the able auspices of its present energetic proprietor, the records of the house show that its commercial development has been both rapid and continuous from the very commencement. The premises in Stapleton Road comprise a spacious handsomely appointed show-room and office, with extensive elaborately equipped workshops at the rear, where a large staff of skilled and experienced craftsmen is employed in the various branches of manufacture and repairs, under the constant careful personal supervision of Mr. Farmer. Window blinds of every description, particularly of the bonnet and Venetian varieties, cane and wire gauze blinds, spring roller blinds, outside blinds, and patent spring shop blinds are produced in all the best-known and most improved forms for use at home and abroad, a goodly stock being always held and effectively displayed on the premises. Mr. Farmer’s trade is both retail and wholesale, and extends principally throughout the West of England, although reaching practically to all parts of the Kingdom, and even to foreign parts, consignments being sent as far as Burmah, where they have met with high favour, by reason of their artistic make, great durability, and economic prices. Mr. Farmer’s connections and facilities are of a distinctly superior character, enabling him to offer special advantages to large buyers, and to execute all orders in a prompt and satisfactory manner. Personally he is well known and much esteemed in both private and trade circles as an enterprising, honourable, and thoroughly capable business man, liberal and fair in all transactions, and well deserving of the substantial success he is achieving.

F. V. LARWAY, BREWERS’ COOPER,
VAUXHALL COOPERAGE, ASHTON GATE, BRISTOL.

MR. LARWAY originally commenced business in Stracey Street, Bristol, in 1878, and continued operations at that address until 1891, when, finding the accommodation inadequate to the demands of his rapidly increasing trade; he removed to the more commodious premises he now occupies, at the above-named site. The accommodation in Coronation Road comprises a large yard and extensive range of workshops and stores, providing ample and spacious convenience for carrying out the work of the several departments of the trade. The works are replete with every requisite in the form of plant and machinery for sawing staves (the casks being hand-made), motive force being supplied by a powerful gas-engine. Mr. Larway has always in stock quantities of well-seasoned best brown Memel timber, imported direct from Memel, which he supplies to customers for cask repairing. The productions of the establishment include every description of brewers’ casks in all sizes, of which immense numbers are manufactured at the works to keep pace with the demands of the extensive connection. This embraces the leading representatives of the brewing interest in the district, of whom may be mentioned Messrs. Georges & Co., Messrs. Rogers & Co., Jacob Street Brewery, Messrs. Garton & Co., The Ashton Gate Brewery Company, Messrs. Miller & Co., the Anglo-Bavarian Brewery Company, Arnold, Perrett & Co., Ltd., and W. Hancock & Sons. This list of the proprietor’s influential customers is sufficient to indicate the high estimation in which the productions of the works are held by buyers of standing in the trade, each of the above-named firms ordering in large quantities from Mr. Larway during the course of the year, and in addition this gentleman enjoys a considerable measure of support from the smaller class of brewers throughout the West of England.

VENN & SON, CIGAR MERCHANTS AND TOBACCONISTS,
56, REDCLIFF HILL, BRISTOL.

CLOSE upon a century has elapsed since the formation of this prosperous and exclusively high-class tobacconists’ business in the city of Bristol, and the records of the house show that since the year 1846 it has figured prominently in the trade under the style and title designated above, being now under the sole proprietary control of Mr. J. H. Venn, the son of the first proprietor of that name. The premises are handsomely appointed throughout in the best modern style, for the general convenience of both patrons and assistants, and display to the best advantage a stock of goods that is exceptionally rich in select brands of Havana, Manilla, Indian, Mexican and British cigars; Turkish and Egyptian and other noted cigarettes; the best of manufactured cut and cake tobaccos, from the leading houses of the day, superior snuffs, and especially Wilson’s celebrated Sheffield snuff, the finest of meerschaum, briar, and other pipes, pouches, matchboxes, tobacco-boxes, and the numerous fancy articles coming under the general term of smokers’ requisites. Mr. Venn is eminently reputed among his numerous patrons as a dealer in goods of thorough reliability and excellence; and the able manner in which he has guided the course of this business has met with an approval that is amply attested by the large and liberal support he enjoys; and it is manifestly his resolution that the high reputation he has won shall not only be well sustained, but steadily enhanced and consistently developed in days to come.

R. C. MURRAY & CO., WHOLESALE CLOTHIERS AND WOOLLEN WAREHOUSEMEN,
VICTORIA STREET, BRISTOL.
Telegrams: “Murray, Bristol.”

ANY record of the representative commercial and industrial institutions of the city of Bristol would indeed be deficient without due reference to the important business hive now under notice. Organised about twenty years ago, at its present eligible quarters, this vast concern stands to-day in the very front ranks of the trade it so adequately represents, being confined to the supply of the wholesale trade throughout the whole of England and Wales, excluding London, and being sedulously promoted through the agency of a staff of experienced travellers, who systematically cover the ground apportioned to them. There are branch warehouses in Liverpool, and in the rapidly rising town of Cardiff, where, for the more convenient supply of their customers in the North of England and South Wales respectively, large and well-selected stocks of their various manufactures are always kept on hand. All the goods distributed by the firm, with the exception of the hosiery and the waterproof wares, are made upon the premises: the various departments thus exemplified including men’s suits, youths’ suits, juvenile suits, overcoats and reefers, mole and cord goods, duck and drabbett jackets, hosiery and waterproof goods, ladies’ mantles, jackets, and ulsters, maids’ and children’s jackets and ulsters, furs, and piece goods and trimmings.

Eligibly located in the very centre of the ready-made clothiers’ quarter of the city, the vast premises comprise two large four-storeyed buildings, one of which stands behind the other, while a large side gateway in the centre leads to a yard, kitchen, and dining accommodation for such of the operatives as desire to avail themselves of the conveniences, and private offices. Entering from Victoria Street the large general office is revealed on the ground floor; and adjoining is the packing and despatching department — always a scene of great business activity — specially on Thursdays and Fridays, a large staff of clerks and packers being busily engaged up till nine and ten o’clock in the season despatching the special measure clothing and mantle orders received the beginning part of the week. Messrs. Murray & Co. were the pioneers of this special order trade in the West, and it has always remained a special feature of their business, their “specials” being noted for excellence of fit, style, and finish. Passing in medias res, one comes to the mantle cutting-out room, where a staff of skilled cutters are constantly kept at work; and adjacent are the large stock-rooms to hold enormous quantities of mantle cloths and materials. Silk, plushes, rich matalassies, Astrachans, Viennas, serges, plain and fancy black cloths, tweeds, &c., &c., are stacked around in endless variety. Communicating with these rooms is the mantle machine room, with rows of machines incessantly at work in the making-up and trimming of mantles up to date.

From the mantle department a wooden bridge or landing leads to the first floor of the front premises, at one end of which is situated the large counting-house, hosiery and waterproof departments, and also show and stock rooms for the completed, mantles, and this passes directly per staircase to the packing and forwarding department already noted on the ground floor. Immediately above are the commodious heavily-stocked warehouses and show-rooms for the ready-made clothing, plus a special room for juvenile clothing; while the topmost storey is utilised as a bespoke clothing and trimming department, where a large staff of experienced cutters and trimmers are busily engaged in cutting out and trimming. Here also may be noticed a roller and measuring machine, for rapidly and accurately measuring off the lengths of cloth required; and it may, moreover, be mentioned that the cutting operations are effected not only with shears, but also with special knives, whereby as many as fifty thicknesses of cloth, linings, &c., are manipulated at a time; and a “shoot” carries these goods to the factory at the rear. A doorway now leads across a second wooden bridge to the rear building, directly to the making-up department, where long rows of machines, driven by gas-engine power, are at work. Here may be watched, not only the making-up of the various garments, but sundry other operations, such as binding braiding, felling, and trimming by machinery, and the heating by gas of the pressing irons.

The floor below is the finishing add pressing room, where a large staff of hands is kept busy in finishing and pressing the goods with heavy heated irons. Bercroft’s patent trousers-pressing machine is also seen at work. There are also, in this section of the factory, two of Reece’s wonderful buttonholing machines, each of which is capable of cutting and working one hundred and fifty perfect buttonholes per hour. On the ground floor of this factory there is an engine-room, with an eight horse-power gas engine, used as the motor for all the machines, and a further series of stock-rooms, holding enormous quantities of rolls of cloth and piece goods, West of England, Scotch, Irish, and Yorkshire tweeds and homespuns, worsteds, serges, vicunas, plain and fancy—in short, every description of goods used in the trade. A special department is here also located for the giving of work to outdoor hands, of whom some two hundred and fifty are constantly employed in addition to a like number indoors. Of course, adequate provision is made for the systematic payment of employes, according to the work they do, and the vast concern is most carefully ordered throughout, everything, down to the minutest detail, being under the direct personal supervision of the principals, and reflecting nothing but the highest credit upon the personal energy, ability; and talent that promote the development of this thoroughly representative-business.

IMPERIAL HOTEL,
CLIFTON, BRISTOL.

THIS first-class hotel was erected in 1878, and during the period of its existence has gained a well-established reputation. Pleasantly and conveniently situated within five minutes’ walk from the beautiful downs and the college, and possessing every accommodation to be found in modern hotels, the establishment has numbered among its patrons the elite of the West Country, and many illustrious Visitors to Bristol and the surrounding districts. The Imperial is a substantial block of building, quadrilateral in shape, and five lofty storeys in height. The interior arrangements are thoroughly complete in every respect. The private apartments are much appreciated for the elegance of their appointments, and the perfect quietude and privacy prevailing therein. The hotel accommodation comprises drawing-room, coffee-room, dining hall, smoking-room, spacious billiard-room, with two tables, and other apartments fitted up in a superior manner, and offering every comfort to their occupants. The sleeping department has received special attention; it comprises forty-five lofty and well-lighted bedrooms. There are several handsome sitting-rooms, with bedrooms en suite, which are in constant demand. The hall is of spacious proportions, and is splendidly adapted for banquets, balls, and private parties. The cuisine is carefully presided over by an accomplished chef and the wants and wishes of guests are attended to by well-trained waiters and servants. In the selection of the wines and spirits, great care and judgment have been exercised, and the most fastidious connoisseur will find everything to his satisfaction in this department. A wholesale and retail wine and spirit trade is controlled in connection with the hotel. It should be noted that the sanitary arrangements of the establishment have been carried out on the most approved scientific principles, and that the hotel being nearest to the Clifton Down Railway Station, within twelve minutes by rail of Avonmouth Dock, affords visitors every facility for seeing places of interest in the neighbourhood. Trams to and from the city pass every few minutes. John Thorn, Esq., is chairman of the board of directors, and D. Jenkins, Esq., secretary. The direct management of the hotel is in the hands of Mrs. Fuggle, who is unremitting in her endeavours to meet the requirements of her high-class connection, and she fully maintains the splendid reputation the Imperial Hotel has enjoyed for many years for its admirable management and superior comforts. The terms are said to be very moderate.

J. P. LINTHORN & SON, WHOLESALE BOOT MANUFACTURERS,
HANHAM, BRISTOL.

THE above business was established some twenty years ago by the above-named gentlemen, who have since by their energetic management and prudent enterprise developed the concern to its present prominent position amongst the leading firms in this trade in the district. The premises occupied at Hanham comprise commodious block of building, conveniently arranged as offices, warehouse, and manufactory, affording ample accommodation for carrying out the work of the several departments of the business on the most efficient lines. The factory is replete with the latest improvements in plant and appliances for facilitating the various processes of production, neither cost nor trouble having been spared by the firm to effect the completeness of the arrangements of their perfectly-equipped establishment. The leading specialities of the firm’s make include every description of heavy men’s, women’s, and children’s wear in standard screw and pegged boots and shoes, which in excellence of material and sound and reliable workmanship are unsurpassed by the productions of any other house in the trade. Messrs. Linthorn’s goods are in steadily sustained demand in the principal provincial markets, the firm’s connection including the leading retail houses throughout the Midlands, Ireland and Scotland, whose confidence and support have been established by the uniformly high standard of quality for which their manufactures are noted. An adequate operative force of upwards of one hundred hands is employed in the various departments of the factory, under the personal direction of the principals, whose thoroughly practical experience in the trade ensures the completeness of every detail of the management of this deservedly successful industrial undertaking.

J. M. STEVENS & CO., HATTERS, HOSIERS, AND SHIRT TAILORS,
52, PARK STREET, BRISTOL.

ORGANISED about twelve years ago by its present able and energetic proprietor, the commercial development of the concern has been both rapid and continuous from the very commencement. The premises occupied comprise a spacious double-fronted shop, handsomely appointed throughout in the best modern style, one window of which is devoted to the display of hats by Messrs. Tress & Co. and other celebrated makers, and the other to shirts of the firm’s own make, hosiery, gloves, dressing-gowns, ties, collars, mgs, umbrellas, and general outfitting articles suitable for the use of gentlemen, both at home and abroad. The spacious shop is very fully stocked with similar goods, and in the executive department attached the firm make all manner of shirts, to measure, guaranteeing a perfect fit and faultless workmanship in every instance. The high reputation of this house has always been its best advertisement; and this, coupled with the efficiency and sound judgment that continue to mark the methods of its administration, has secured and retained for the firm a patronage characterised by every attribute of desirability and distinction.

CRATES & PARKER, WHOLESALE AND EXPORT BOOT AND SHOE MANUFACTURERS,
KINGSWOOD, BRISTOL.

THE production of boots and shoes of every class and grade to meet the demands of an enormous wholesale home and export trade finds able representation in Kingswood, hard by the city of Bristol, at the hands of the above noted firm. Organised in a comparatively small way but four years ago by Messrs. F. Crates and T. Parker, the commercial development of the concern became so rapid that the business already stands high among the leading factories of its class in the West of England. The premises occupied comprise two large and substantial adjoining two-storeyed buildings, admirably divided into offices, warehouses, packing and despatching departments, and workshops elaborately equipped with all the most modern and improved machinery and appliances, calling into active Requisition the services of a large staff of skilled operatives, and the demand throughout the Kingdom, and to a lesser extent abroad, for the manufactures of the firm has lately expanded so rapidly that Messrs. Crates & Parker are now on the eve of considerably extending their premises and working plant. All manner of light and heavy boots and shoes are made to suit the specific wants of buyers in the trade, the salient characteristics of the firm’s productions being that they are all fashioned from superior materials, elegantly constructed, highly finished in accordance with the latest styles and fashions, and sold at prices which leave a good margin for profits when vended to the public at popular charges. The firm’s connections and facilities are of a distinctly. superior character, enabling them to offer special advantages to large buyers, and to execute all orders in a prompt and satisfactory manner. Both partners are well known in trade circles as enterprising, honourable, and thoroughly capable business men, well deserving of the substantial success they are achieving.

LYDE & NAISH, MANUFACTURERS’ HABERDASHERS,
6 AND 7, ST. STEPHEN’S STREET, BRISTOL.

THIS business plays an important part in the commercial industries of Bristol. It stands at the head of any local undertaking of a similar character, and is in the possession of a well-earned reputation for the excellence of its goods, and the efficient manner in which it is conducted. The business was established by Mr. E. Lyde, at 17, St. Stephen’s Street, in 1887, and was subsequently associated with Mr. T. M. Naish, who has since been taken into partnership, the firm now being Lyde & Naish. The premises are particularly well adapted to the requirements of the trade, all being on ground floors. There is a commodious warehouse, together with a neatly furnished office. The warehouse is arranged in an excellent manner, the goods being easily inspected. The combination of colour and material presents a very pleasing effect; a large amount of capital being represented. Among the specialities are all qualities, shades and colours in wools, Berlin, fingering, &c.; cottons, silks, threads, linens, needles, tinsels, yarns, Manchester goods, and general haberdashery. These, being the productions of the very best manufacturers, are altogether reliable. The stocks are constantly being replenished, so that clients are afforded the opportunity of selecting the very latest novelties. In the buying departments Messrs. Lyde & Naish have proved that they are possessed of sound judgment and superior taste. The travelling is done by the principals of the firm, who visit the west and south of England, and parts of Wales; a large connection (and an increasing one) having been formed. Messrs. Lyde & Naish are large direct importers of Berlin wools. They also hold the agency for the productions of the following renowned firms: Thos. Marriott & Son, Wakefield, worsted spinners; the great firm of W. G. & J. Strutt, Belper, knitting and sewing cotton, macrame twine manufacturers; and H. Milward & Sons, Limited, Redditch, needle manufacturers.

GEORGE BRACHER, PLUMBER, GLAZIER, PAINTER, &C.,
65, REDCLIFF STREET, BRISTOL.

THE records of this eminent house extend back to a remote period, the concern having been originally founded somewhere about a century ago, and subsequently acquired by the late Mr. H. B. Osborne, by whom the trade was continued for the unusually lengthened span of forty years, Mr. Bracher serving his apprenticeship with that gentleman, and ultimately succeeding to the control some eighteen years since. The premises occupied by Mr. Bracher are situated at 65, Redcliff Street, and comprise well-fitted shop and office on the ground floor and an extensive range of workshops in the rear, combining every convenience for carrying out the work of the several departments of the business. The class of work undertaken by Mr. Bracher includes every branch of scientific plumbing and sanitary, gas, and water engineering, painting, and glazing, in the most superior style and on the old-fashioned methods of sound and reliable workmanship, combined with the best quality of materials, by which only may be guaranteed the efficiency necessary to insure stability and economy of wear and tear. A noteworthy feature of the business is supplied in the lead-casting department, in which this material is prepared for roofing purposes, chiefly applied in sheet form to church roofs, and of which Mr. Bracher is the sole maker in the city. This class of work is undertaken on contract terms. Special attention is also directed by the proprietor to all kinds of repairs in each branch of the trade, for which the services of a numerous staff of skilled hands are employed, under the personal supervision of the principal, whose thoroughly practical qualification as a certificated member of the Worshipful Company of Plumbers, London, affords an ample assurance for the highest efficiency in the execution of all orders in each department of the business. A widespread and influential connection. has long been established by the proprietor and his predecessor, amongst which are numbered many of the leading property owners, estate agents, builders, and private gentry in the city and the surrounding country districts, whose support and confidence have been deservedly won by the honourable and straightforward methods upon which the business has been conducted for so many generations past.

WALSH & CO., CLOTHING MANUFACTURERS, WOOLLEN AND MANCHESTER WAREHOUSEMEN,
QUAY STREET AND BELL LANE, BRISTOL.

AS a centre for the highest class of the woollen trade and for the manufacture of clothing of the best quality, Bristol owes its reputation chiefly to the energy and the well-directed enterprise of Messrs. Walsh & Co. Their admirably organised business was established between fifty and sixty years ago by Mr. D. H. Walsh. The premises of the firm were originally situated in High Street. Some forty years ago Mr. Walsh removed to Quay Street, and ten years later extended the premises by erecting an extensive structure at the side of the original building. The premises now constitute one of the largest woollen warehouses in the West of England. They occupy nearly the whole of one side of Quay Street, and the new building is five storeys in height, with a spacious facade of considerable architectural merit. There is ample warehouse room for the systematic arrangement of the heavy stocks which are always held of English, Scotch, and Irish woollen goods. The long and intimate relations of the firm with many of the leading manufacturing houses in the great woollen centres are such that they are enabled to place their customers upon the very best terms as regards both quality and price. A large portion of the warehouse space is devoted also to stocks of the first-class clothing produced by the firm, which includes every possible variety of ready-made clothing for males of all ages and for all occupations. Another feature of the business is the wholesale bespoke department, many hundred garments per week being made to special measures and sent to all parts of the country.

The factory is equipped with machinery of the most approved modern description, both for cutting and making up. Trimming, cutting, sample and packing rooms, with all their adjuncts, are arranged in every detail to facilitate, in every possible way, the operations of the business. The cutters are all men who have had a thorough training in their difficult art, and the results are seen in the elegant style which invariably characterises the garments manufactured by Messrs. Walsh & Co. In addition to the large number of workpeople who are employed inside the premises, there are others who make up garments for the firm outside, and in this way the number of their employes varies from three hundred to five hundred. The firm have gained the highest reputation throughout the trade for the high class of the materials which they employ and for the careful workmanship and artistic finish which all their goods display. Their connection, therefore, is constantly extending, but at the same time it is strictly confined to firms of the best standing. The members of the firm at the present are Mr. M. St. John Walsh, Mr. Stephen Bishop, and Mr. A. Walsh. The two former of these gentlemen possess a thorough technical knowledge of the business, and devote their personal attention to all its details.

GOODDY, CRIPPS & SONS, LIMITED, IMPORTERS OF MARBLE, CAEN STONE, &C.,
CANONS’ MARSH, BRISTOL.

SCULPTORS, marble masons, builders, and contractors throughout the whole of the West of England, are accustomed to look at the Bristol depot of the firm of Messrs. Gooddy, Cripps & Sons, Limited, as the source from which they can, most conveniently, receive their supplies of the marble and stone required in their several callings. The important business conducted by this company, whose influence extends to all parts of the United Kingdom, was founded upwards of half a century ago by Mr. Richard Cripps. In 1872 his son, H. Kater Cripps, was taken into partnership, and the business continued under the style of Richard Cripps & Son until 1877, when it was amalgamated with the old-established business of Charles Gooddy, of Liverpool, and incorporated under the Companies’ Act under the present style. A branch was opened at Graham Street, City Road, London, where the registered offices of the company are. The chairman of the company is Mr. Richard Cripps, and the other directors are Charles Gooddy, Sydney Bush Cripps, and Henry Kater Cripps, the latter having the management of the Liverpool and Bristol establishments. By his energy and enterprise he has largely increased the influence of the company throughout the whole country between the Avon and the Mersey. The company have fully equipped depots, with sawmills, not only in Bristol, but also in London and Liverpool, and also branch depots in Glasgow, Dublin, Hull, Birmingham, and Plymouth. For the purpose of facilitating the receipt of their supplies of the world-famed marble of Carrara, Italy, they have a house of their own conducted under the style of W. Walton & Nephew, whose Carrara quarries are amongst the best in the district.

The Bristol premises of the company are situated most conveniently for the reception of their bulky and ponderous goods on the floating harbour at Canons’ Marsh. The yards, warehouses and buildings, cover an area of nearly an acre, and here are always held in stock thousands of tons of marble and stone. Some of the marble is in immense blocks, weighing as much as twelve tons. The sawmills, consisting of two heavy frames and three fast ripper saws, are fully equipped with all the requisite labour-saving mechanical appliances of the most approved modern type. The commercial business of the company is carried on in a commodious and well-appointed suite of general and private offices, occupying a spacious and substantially built three-storeyed house. The offices are supplied with telephonic communication and all other requisites. The telephone number is 204, and the registered telegraphic address is: “Cripps, Bristol.” The floors of the offices are embellished with marble pavements and tilings, which serve as samples of the novel and attractive uses to which certain marbles may be put, for churches, banks, and pavements to large buildings. In the yards are two powerful travelling steam cranes, one of which has a capacity of seven tons, a second of twelve tons, and a third on the quay of twenty tons. There is a tramway connecting this with their yard.

Gooddy, Cripps & Sons, Limited, control a very large business in the importation and distribution of Sicilian, Italian, African, and all other descriptions of valuable marbles. They are the sole receivers for the West of England of Caen stone, and they also deal very largely in Portland stone, grindstones, pumice stone, cement, plaster, polishing materials, glazed stoneware pipes, &c. Considered both commercially and industrially, the establishment of Messrs. Gooddy, Cripps & Sons, Limited, must be regarded as one of the most uniquely representative in the Bristol district. A large staff of clerks and a numerous body of experienced workmen are regularly employed on the premises, a sketch of which is given above.

R. YEANDEL, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL BALTIC CEILING LATH MANUFACTURER,
CHELTENHAM ROAD, BRISTOL.

MR. YEANDEL during the last fourteen years has gradually built up a most valuable connection as a manufacturer of Baltic ceiling laths. His business premises have been admirably adapted to the special requirements of the trade, and they afford every facility for its conduct under the best possible conditions. The workshops are ample in size, and there are all the appliances for the storing of large stocks of the special timber employed by Mr. Yeandel in his manufacturing operations. Single lath, lath and half, and double laths are made to order, and a notable characteristic of the business is the promptitude with which all orders are executed. The speciality of the firm’s operative processes consists in the fact that all the laths, unlike the inferior descriptions which are imported from abroad, are hand and not machine made; and this method, combined with the large output of the establishment, necessitates the employment of a considerable number of hands. Mr. Yeandel supplies nearly all the builders and contractors in the Bristol district, while there is a large demand for his goods throughout all the adjoining counties. His stocks, it may be added, always include large supplies of pantile and slating battens. Mr. Yeandel is personally well known throughout the trade, and is much respected by all who are brought into business contact with him.

C. J. HILL, HOSIER, GLOVER, AND SHIRT-MAKER,
CLOSE TO GENERAL POST OFFICE, AND AT 22, CLARE STREET, BRISTOL.

IN a quaint, picturesque building, bearing the date 1796, there was established a quarter of a century ago by a Mr. Williams, in two adjoining shops, a first-class hosiery and gentlemen’s outfitting depot, which for the past twelve years has been vigorously promoted under the auspices of Mr. C. J. Hill into one of the most notable and best patronised institutions of its kind in the town. This spacious emporium contains a tastefully-arranged display of shirts, hosiery, gloves, ties, umbrellas, and kindred goods of exclusively the best make, and he justly attributes his present high reputation to the excellence and good value of his white shirts, which are made under his capable and experienced supervision by a special staff of skilled workers. Mr. Hill has an exhibit of gloves and shirts in the Bristol Industrial Exhibition. Energetic and enterprising in following up every advance of the times, Mr. Hill thoroughly deserves the distinct success that has attended his representative house, and it is manifest to all that he spares no effort to preserve intact the reputation it has acquired, and the high advantages it has secured in the possession of a large and influential connection, cultivated principally amongst gentlemen moving in the best circles of fashionable and commercial life resident in Bristol and its populous districts for many miles around.

H. R. CLARKE, WHOLESALE STATIONER, LITHOGRAPHIC AND LETTERPRESS PRINTER, ACCOUNT-BOOK MANUFACTURER, &C.,
65, MILK STREET, BRISTOL.

IN illustration of what practical knowledge, coupled with prudent enterprise and indomitable perseverance, can do to raise the fortunes of a house from a comparatively humble origin to one of much magnitude and importance in the commercial world, no better example could, perhaps, be afforded than the one which has been selected as the theme of the present brief historical review. Like many of our greatest industrial institutions, the vast stationery and printing business of Mr. H. R. Clarke is the creditable outcome of a very small beginning. For when Mr. Clarke entered upon his present prosperous career in 1876 he commenced operations single-handed, working for the trade unaided, with but one press. By reason of the accuracy, neatness, and general superiority of his work, the business literally progressed by leaps and bounds, and doubtless the most effectual way in which to indicate its true character, scope, and aims would be to give a concise descriptive sketch of the establishment as it is now constituted, and to supplement this with a few observations upon the nature of the operations there being carried on.

Eligibly located in Milk Street, the external view of the premises, although of substantial appearance, can convey no notion of their magnitude, for they are augmented at the rear by extensive, commodious, light and roomy departments, permitting the whole of the machinery to be adjusted on the ground floor. Six large lithographic machines, seven lithographic presses, four new and recently added letterpress machines, in addition to presses and kindred appliances, and several tons of new and artistic founts of type, all manner of cutting, ruling, perforating, relief stamping, and punching machines of the latest and most approved description, call into active requisition a numerous body of artists, lithographic designers and draughtsmen, compositors, machine men, and women for the bookbinding, folding, bag and envelope making, and other light work.

With such splendid facilities at his command, Mr. Clarke undertakes every description of lithographic and letterpress printing, the designing and production of show-cards, labels, calendars, catalogues, posters, and plans, all manner of superb colour printing, bookbinding, ruling, account-book making, relief stamping, tally making, paging, perforating, and cutting, and in each and every branch of work has achieved a reputation for the reliability and high excellence of his work, economic charges, and the prompt and satisfactory manner in which he executes all orders entrusted to his care. Some notion of the magnitude of his operations may be gathered from the fact that of printed labels alone the output weekly amounts to the enormous total of two millions. Mr. Clarke’s business connections practically extend to every part of the United Kingdom, in addition to an enormous local and West of England trade, and he has, moreover, developed quite a substantial export business with Australia and South Africa, his enterprise having led him to form a branch establishment at Cape Town; and to this centre, as also to Australia, vast quantities of printed goods are periodically forwarded for distribution to all parts of “Darkest Africa” and the Australian Colonies. Personally, Mr. Clarke is well known and highly respected in both social and commercial circles, as much by reason of his sterling integrity and fair dealing as for his many estimable individual qualities.

THE OLDLAND COLLIERY COMPANY, LIMITED, CALIFORNIA COLLIERIES,
OLDLAND COMMON, NEAR BRISTOL.

THE Oldland Colliery Company, Limited, is wisely directing the special attention of the public to the resources of their California Collieries, the ascertained value of which has recently been very materially augmented. The California pit has been in operation for about seventeen years, and has for a long time been recognised as one of the best in the Bristol district. In 1891 the Parrot seam in this pit was “proved.” This has been long regarded as one of the best in the country for smiths’ purposes, as it is very free from sulphur, and possesses the quality of heating the iron thoroughly without damaging the outside. The pit is about one hundred and seventy yards deep, and important works for the purpose of increasing the working facilities are in rapid progress. It is most probable that a siding will soon be made to the railway, which is only about six hundred yards distant. The Company have also constructed a tramway to the River Avon, which brings the collieries into direct water communication with the ports of Bristol, Avonmouth, and the Channel.

At present about three hundred hands are employed, under the experienced supervision of Mr. F. C.Sadler, mining engineer, who is the certificated manager. It is expected, however, that this staff of miners will be very nearly doubled as soon as certain contemplated arrangements are completed. In the meantime the Company put upon the market large quantities of Parrot Vein Smiths’ Coal, together with other descriptions known as Best House, Seconds House, Thro’ and Thro’, House Small, and Steam. In addition to this the Company have recently erected a complete plant for briquette making at the colliery, their small coal being specially suitable for patent fuel. The system adopted is what is known as the pitch process. The machinery in use turns out three hundred tons of these briquettes per week. The briquettes weigh about three and a half pounds each, and can be easily broken in half. They are of suitable size for either domestic or manufacturing purposes. The Company contemplate erecting shortly coke ovens, the coal being specially adapted for coke making.

CHAMBERLAIN, POLE & CO., CORN AND FLOUR MERCHANTS,
39, 41, 43, 45, AND 47, UNION STREET, AND 6 AND 7, BROADMEAD, BRISTOL.

ONE of the most rapid and notable developments in the modern history of Bristol is the growth of the business of Messrs. Chamberlain, Pole & Co. into its present proportions, all within the period of about two decades. Twenty-five years ago the firm began their successful career as the proprietors of an old-established bakery and corn store. To-day their business occupies the pile of buildings which are numbered 39, 41, 43, 45, and 47, Union Street, and 6 and 7, Broadmead, and comprise extensive offices and stores. These premises have undergone material structural alterations from time to time, and now offer the appearance of & fine modern building, the facade of which is ornamented by a clock, electrically connected with the Greenwich Observatory. Mr. T. Pole is now the sole proprietor of this establishment, and all its important operations are conducted under his personal supervision. The internal arrangements of the building have been admirably adapted to the requirements of the business. A suite of well-appointed offices, general and private, is furnished with all the requisites, including an official letter-box, for the prompt dispatch of the large amount of clerical work necessitated by the transactions of the house. There is a conveniently fitted sample-room adjacent to the main entrance. The principal business of the firm consists in the direct importation of American flour, and they also control a large trade in corn, seeds, and packed goods. In respect to all these classes of commodities the firm have obtained the highest reputation for the purity and excellence of their goods, which sufficiently accounts for the valuable and increasing connection which they have gained. A considerable wholesale business is done throughout the western and south-western counties, which are periodically visited by the travelling representatives of the firm; and Messrs. Chamberlain, Pole & Co.’s business is one of the most progressive in Bristol.

THOMAS PROTHEROE, PHOTOGRAPHER AND PORTRAIT PAINTER,
36, WINE STREET, BRISTOL; AND 37, WHITE LADIES ROAD, CLIFTON.

MR. PROTHEROE began his professional career in this district in 1871, two doors from the commodious premises which he has since occupied, and which have been admirably adapted to the convenience and comfort of his numerous patrons, at whose head he has the honour of including the Prince of Wales, the Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone, M.P., Mr. Henry Irving, and Mr. J. L. Toole, numerous members of the aristocracy, and members of Parliament, &c,, while many of them represent the most distinguished families of the district. The premises in Wine Street comprise a fine show-room, with an ample plate-glass window. The interior is charmingly appointed, with a great variety of portraits in oils on porcelain, and photographic, enlargements. There is a commodious photographic studio, with an admirable north light, and with every mechanical and appliance for securing excellence in the work produced. A similarly well-equipped studio is found at Mr. Protheroe’s Clifton establishment, where his larger apparatus for taking life-sized photographs is in use. The conspicuous success which Mr. Protheroe has achieved, especially in the exceptionally happy posing of his subjects, is to be explained by the fact that, besides being a remarkably skilful photographer, he has a high reputation as a figure painter. In his studios will be found some choice examples of his art, including a fine study of game, and a clever subject picture, in oils, of Mr. Charles Collette as “Paul Pry,” which was favourably noticed by the “Court Journal” newspaper and other leading journals on its appearance at the Academy. Amongst the most noteworthy of Mr. Protheroe’s recent productions is a fine life-size portrait of the Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone, painted from sittings at Carlton House for the Bristol Liberal Club. Mr. Protheroe has also been honoured with sittings and orders from H.R.H. the Prince of Wales. The excellence of his artistic work and portraiture has been acknowledged by the award of no less than seven first-class prize medals at important exhibitions. Of late years much popular favour has been gained by Mr. Protheroe’s life-size portraits on canvas.

JAMES DOLE & CO., PROVISION MERCHANTS,
82, 88, AND 10, WEST STREET, BRISTOL.

THE rapid manner in which Bristol has become pre-eminently a leading port for the importation, preparation, and wholesale distribution of prime provisions to all the leading home and foreign markets and centres of supply is in no instance more admirably exemplified than by the business operations of this celebrated house. Originated about a century ago by Mr. Lewis, it was continued by the originator’s son, and afterwards in partnership with Mr. James Dole, the business continued to steadily develop until it came into the hands of the latter, whose scientific knowledge of modern American methods, keen business abilities, and spirited enterprise led him to boldly introduce the Transatlantic machinery and now well-known refrigerating process into his works about seventeen years ago, at an outlay of some £15,000, whereby skilled labour was minimised, and results in bacon and ham curing incomparably enhanced, so that the vast increase of production met with an increased demand for goods which he was thus enabled to place upon the markets, better in quality, and at lower prices than heretofore. Mr. Dole retired some four years ago, when the business was continued upon the same progressive lines by Messrs. W. H. Pullin, S. J. Thomas, and C. H. Slade, trading under the style and title designated above, they having ably and vigorously supported him in his enterprise during the previous seventeen years, the result of their united efforts showing the business to have made enormous and rapid strides.

As it now remains, the business stands as the foremost in its line in the West of England; the premises at 82 and 83, West Street comprising slaughter-houses and magnificently equipped factories, extending back for a distance of close upon four hundred feet to Waterloo Road, adjoining the Midland Railway goods station, and covering an area of over twenty thousand square feet, where between thirty thousand and forty thousand pigs are annually converted into bacon, hams, pure lard, &c., of the primest quality, for which the firm have gained many honours, the last award having been the first prize medal for Wiltshire bacon at the London Dairy Show. At 10, West Street the firm occupy still larger premises, devoted exclusively to the warehousing of American and Canadian cheese, bacon, butter, &c., also Cheddar cheese and kindred commodities of exclusively the best qualities. This branch of the business was only commenced some seventeen years ago, and by the vigorous efforts of the gentlemen referred to has become in so short a period one of the most extensive in the West of England. It is a remarkable example of what can be done by persistent and never-flagging enterprise.

They have become so well known in the trade for these goods that they have been compelled to open similar warehouses in some of the largest towns in England, Birmingham acting as their centre for the midland, and Leeds for the northern counties. It is such an illustration as this that accounts most pertinently for the rapid rise Bristol has shown in her imports of cheese, butter, &c. During the year 1892 (the latest statistic published) Bristol was shown to have imported four hundred and sixty-seven thousand six hundred and forty- seven boxes of cheese, and sixty thousand packages of butter from Canada alone, thus standing second as regards cheese to London only, yet having taken nearly as much Canadian butter as all the other English ports combined, which, along with their own hams and bacon, they place upon the leading English, Continental, and Colonial markets; their business in the United Kingdom being sedulously promoted through the agency of a well-organised staff of travellers. The history of the business is a record of success achieved, and of widespread home and export connections established and maintained by the pursuit of a policy of commercial integrity and prudent enterprise, creditable alike to the principals of the house, and to the true dignity of international trade.

T. M. PORTER, BOOT AND SHOE MANUFACTURER,
19, OLD MARKET STREET, BRISTOL.
(Telegrams: “Porter, Bristol.”)

THIS business was organised by its present able and energetic proprietor some two-and-twenty years ago, and its commercial development has been both rapid and continuous from the very commencement. The premises occupied comprise a well-appointed and very fully stocked warehouse and factory, in which an effective show-room of the boots and shoes manufactured is always en evidence. A side gateway leads to a spacious yard, from which access to the large three-storeyed factory may be gained. On the ground floor there is a counting-house and Mr. Porter’s private office, with an engine-house at the rear. Still on the same floor is the “rough-stuff” department, where a strong heel-making machine is kept in full operation. The leather, cut previously to shape, is by this ingenious device nailed together in such a way as to resist all ordinary efforts to drag the pieces apart, and thus a practically solid heel of great strength and durability is secured. Hard by is a Blake’s sewing machine for stitching soles, a channelling machine for cutting channels round the edges of the soles preparatory to stitching. Another room on the floor is called the “passing-room,” where all the work is carefully examined by experts, and where a “Cherry’s attacher” machine mechanically fastens, by rivets, the heel to the boot. On the floor above the uppers are deftly cut, and eyeletting by machinery is carried on. Over the ground floor and extending above the yard and front show-room, are the extensive and heavily stocked ware-rooms, also the machinery-room where the closing of the uppers is carefully carried out by experienced workpeople. From what has been stated, it will be gathered that Mr. Porter’s productive facilities are of the best, and no less than one hundred and twenty operatives are employed in the various departments, while the distribution of the well-made, goods is effected mainly through the agency of a staff of travellers, who sedulously promote the business throughout the length and breadth of the Kingdom.

JAMES SMITH & SONS, WEST OF ENGLAND PERAMBULATOR AND INVALID-CHAIR WORKS,
1, 2 AND 3, ST. AUGUSTINE’S PLACE, BRISTOL.

FEW departments of what may be called household industry have grown more rapidly during the last decade, either in the extent of the operations or the quality of the work turned out, than that of the manufacture of perambulators and invalid chairs. Many large houses in Bristol are occupied in this line, and foremost among these appears the well-known establishment of Messrs. Smith & Sons, of 1, 2 and 3, St. Augustine’s Place. This important business was initiated by the present proprietor at 21, St. Augustine’s Parade, and was removed some twenty years ago to the premises now occupied. From the beginning the concern has been managed with conspicuous skill and ability, and its progress has been of an exceptional gratifying character. With the thoroughness which distinguishes all Mr. Smith does, he had no sooner taken possession of his new premises than he had the front entirely rebuilt and the whole of the interior remodelled to suit the special requirements of his trade. They now present an imposing appearance, are five storeys high, and have a fine frontage to the street of fifty odd feet. The total height of the building is eighty-seven feet, and the depth, including the workshops, one hundred and sixty feet.

The establishment is known as the West of England Perambulator and Invalid-chair Works, and comprises iron and steel forges, saw-mills, joiners’ shop, wood-turnery department, fitting- rooms, and painting and varnishing shops, all fitted up in a finished style, and equipped with plant and apparatus of the latest and best kind to save labour and produce the most desirable results. The motive power is supplied by a powerful gas-engine of the Crossley type. A numerous body of skilled hands is employed in every department, and an immense business is controlled in the manufacture of every description of perambulator and invalid-chair. The material employed is well selected, whilst every process of manufacture is carried out by skilled and experienced operatives so as to ensure the perfect finish of every article turned out.

Messrs. Smith & Sons’ productions are widely known in the trade, and are accepted on all hands as standards of excellence in their respective lines. In sound material, high-class workmanship, and elegance of appearance they have no successful rivals, while in the matter of price the firm possess such exceptional advantages in their productive facilities that they can offer the best class of work at the lowest price. Every style, shape, and quality of perambulator is made, from the strong, serviceable kinds at extremely low prices, to the most luxurious productions, with C springs, indiarubber-tired wheels, and all the latest improvements. Mr. Smith was granted a patent in 1855 for his improvements in perambulators, and his speciality still takes the lead in the markets. The stocks held can only, as regards their bulk, be denominated vast — no season being commenced without there being as many as three thousand perambulators in hand, and a proportionate assortment of invalid-chairs, couches, &c., of the most improved and scientific build. The show-rooms are five in number and something like fifty feet square in extent, and a visit to this well-arranged and attractive emporium is a revelation to those who are not posted in the perfection to which this branch of industry has been brought. The trade is wholesale and export, the latter being done chiefly with India, Brazil, and the Colonies. The connection enjoyed is of a thoroughly high-class and influential kind. Mr. Smith has conducted his colossal business with splendid energy, ability, and enterprise. He occupies a considerable prominence in trade circles, and is everywhere respected for his straightforward and honourable business methods and strict personal rectitude. By his own industry and skill he has built up a business that is a credit to the city, and the prosperity he is now reaping has been worthily obtained.

RICHARD S. KING, TEA, COFFEE, COCOA, AND SUGAR MERCHANT,
WEST STREET, BRISTOL.

IN the year 1871 Mr. Richard S. King took over the old-established business of Mr. F. Budgett, in West Street, and to-day directs a vast business over the West of England and South Wales, from capably-managed branch depots at 5, Queen’s Road, Clifton; 26, High Street, Cardiff; 13, Eastgate Street, Gloucester; and 65, High Street, Weston-super-Mare. The premises at Bristol are held as headquarters, and are consequently very extensive, comprising a spacious handsomely-appointed front shop, which extends for a considerable distance to capitally ordered offices, counting-houses and commodious warehouses at the rear. Tea, coffee, cocoa, and sugar are sold directly to private consumers from the headquarters, as well as from each of the branch depots, all of which are now centres of brisk separate trades, controlled from West Street. An enormous aggregate business has been developed, as the result of capable management and conscientious catering to the needs and requirements of all classes of the community, and it is manifestly Mr. King’s resolution that the high reputation he has won shall not only be well sustained, but steadily enhanced and consistently developed in days to come.

DE RIDDER & CO., SURVEYORS AND ESTATE AGENTS, &C.,
101, WHITE LADIES ROAD, CLIFTON, BRISTOL.

MR. DE RIDDER commenced business in 1872, originally at Clyde Road, Redland; in 1877 he removed to No. 54, White Ladies Road, and in consequence of the necessity for increased accommodation, the more extensive and commodious premises now occupied were subsequently acquired. These are located immediately opposite the firm’s old offices, and comprise a spacious suite of handsomely appointed offices general and private, with stock-rooms, waiting-room, and every facility for the rapid transaction of business. The scope of the business is very comprehensive. Messrs. Do Ridder & Co. have a splendid practice as surveyors and valuers, for probate and other duties. They also do a large business as insurance brokers and general contractors. Mortgages to any amount are quickly arranged, and rents and debts collected. Estimates are given for repairs and alterations to property and plans and surveys executed. As estate agents Messrs. De Ridder & Co. have the charge and management of a large amount of valuable property, and the sale and letting of farms, mansions, shootings, fishings, &c., in all parts of the country.

Mr. De Ridder is taking a deep interest in extending the floating harbour to the mouth of the River Avon, thus making it a dockised river; he has got out plans for a grand entrance lock one thousand feet long, one hundred and twenty feet broad, and sixty feet deep, so that ships could enter at any state of the tide. He also proposes to utilise the land water coming down the river for driving turbines and dynamos on the river dam for electric lighting purposes, and he expects to be able to light up the docks to Avonmouth and Bristol, together with both sides of the river, and then have power to spare; he, together with all the captains trading to the port, consider dockisation the only true forward dock policy for the citizens, which would make Clifton and the river the most beautiful and charming place in England, and the port the largest docked port in the world, with eight hundred and eight acres of docked water space.

Mr, De Ridder is a gentleman well known and highly esteemed in social and business circles, and to the strict and conscientious consideration of the best interests of his numerous patrons is to be traced the eminent position the firm so well maintains among its contemporaries. On June 20, 1893, the Bristol Docks Bill before Parliament, which had passed the House of Lords, was withdrawn by a vote in the Town Council of thirty-six to fourteen, mainly owing to the untiring efforts of Mr. De Ridder in pointing out what disastrous effects dock extension at Avonmouth would have upon the trade of the port of Bristol, compared with the advantages to be derived from docking the river and making the Avon a safe shipping highway to the old port.

R. W. MILLER & CO., STOKES CROFT BREWERY,
BRISTOL.

PROBABLY the oldest brewery in Bristol is that known as the Stokes Croft Brewery, and now controlled by the firm of Messrs. R. W. Miller & Co. This large and important establishment has been in existence upwards of one hundred years, and was founded originally by Messrs. Fall & Abbott. It subsequently came into the hands of Messrs. Harvey & Co., and from them passed into the possession of its present proprietors, Messrs. R. W. Miller & Co. During the three years that have elapsed since this enterprising firm acquired the brewery the business has been largely increased, and a very important trade is now being done, the connection extending all over England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. The Stokes Croft Brewery has always been very successful at the leading exhibitions, never failing to obtain at the least an “honourable mention,” and it has been frequently reviewed in the principal papers, trade journals, &c. For mild ales, bitter and pale ales, and porter and stout there is no firm in the West of England which enjoys a higher reputation than that of Messrs. R. W. Miller & Co., and certain special products of the Stokes Croft Brewery attain a particularly high standard of excellence. Among these may be mentioned the “A.K.,” “P.A.,” and “I.P.A.” Ales, the XXXX. Mild Ales, and the old beers, all of which take rank with the best and purest obtainable anywhere.

The brewery premises are admirably arranged, and their general organisation has been much improved under Messrs. Miller’s regime. After passing through the spacious and well-appointed general offices, affording every convenience for the numerous clerical staff employed, we proceed through the special offices and private rooms provided for the use of travellers, &c., and reach the private office of the principal, which is richly and elegantly furnished. From this private office a fixed bridge affords communication with the manager’s office, which is also admirably appointed. Leaving here we come eventually to the brewery proper, and pass through the fermenting-room, the mash-room, the malt-room, and other departments associated with the brewing process. Order and cleanliness are everywhere apparent, and we note the efficiency of the various appliances in use, all of them being of a highly improved type. These several departments are situated one above another, and the highest point is reached when we come to the large tank for washing the refrigerators. From here a fine view can be obtained over Bristol, Kingsdown, and the vicinity. The plant in use in the Stokes Croft Brewery is almost entirely of the manufacture of Messrs. Gr. Adlam & Sons, whose high reputation as brewers’ engineers sufficiently indicates the practical efficacy of the machinery they have placed in this establishment. There are not a few special appliances which speak equally well for the skill of the makers, and for the enterprise of Messrs. Miller in adopting the best available apparatus to ensure cleanliness and general excellence in the work of brewing. The hop-room at the Stokes Croft Brewery contains an immense stock, and besides this the firm hold large quantities of hops in London. This is suggestive of the fact that the fine bitters produced by Messrs. Miller derive much of their excellence from hops of the first quality. The rest is effected by the use of the best malt, the purest water, and the most approved methods of brewing.

In connection with the Stokes Croft Brewery are large cellars, and on entering these the visitor is sure to be impressed with the vastness of the stock on hand, an index to the magnitude of the firm’s business. The cheapest beer brewed by Messrs. Miller is that at 10d. per gallon (X. mild or F.A. bitter). This beer is really excellent in quality, as we can testify from experience, and is capital value for the money. The “A.K.” bitter ale, at 1s. per gallon, is a special brew of extra quality, for which there is a great and increasing demand. The “P.A.” and “I.P.A.” beers are ales of fine character, respectively 1s. 2d. and 1s. 6d. per gallon. Of the “I.P.A.” ales there are two different brewings, one in March and one in October. All the above-mentioned beers bottle splendidly, and have an immense and steadily-growing sale. In the old malt-house of the brewery, now used as a cellar, there is a large stock of mild ales. Crossing Moon Street, which runs at the back of the Stokes Croft premises, we enter another cellar, where the firm keep a great quantity of their special “I.P.” ales. Here also we find a vat warehouse, coopers’ shop, and stores for the old ales, stouts, and porters. The Is. porter is an excellent article, always in demand, and the 1s. 4d. stout is one of the best in the market, being admirably suited for invalids. The celebrated old beers of this firm are known respectively as the “Bristol Old Beer” and the “West of England Old Beer,” and are greatly esteemed by connoisseurs.

Leaving these premises, and crossing Back Field Lane, we reach the firm’s wine and spirit stores, containing large and choice stocks of champagnes, hocks, moselles, ports, sherries, clarets, liqueurs, whiskies, brandies, rums, gins, in all of which a very extensive business is carried on, the house being justly noted for the excellence and reliability of its supplies in the wine and spirit as well as in the brewing department. Returning now to the Stokes Croft premises we take note of the manner in which the casks are cleansed. They are first thoroughly washed, and are then taken into another room where they are dried and cooled by means of pipes and cold-air blasts connected with the engine. This plan is highly effective and undoubtedly has much to do with the excellent condition in which Messrs. Miller’s ales enter the market, a thoroughly clean and cool cask being indispensable in barrelling good beers. Mr. J. J. H. King is the able and experienced general manager and managing brewer of this great concern, and has held his responsible post for many years. A thorough practical organisation prevails throughout the whole establishment, bearing witness to good management; and in every respect the Stokes Croft Brewery, as it is conducted by its present proprietary, takes high rank among the leading exponents of the brewing industry in Western England.

THE ROYAL HOTEL,
COLLEGE GREEN, BRISTOL.
MRS. A. CHAPMAN, MANAGERESS.

THIS famous house has been in existence for about a quarter of a century. It early scored a marked success, and throughout the whole of the intervening period its popularity has remained unbroken, its patronage at the present time being still on the increase. The Royal has every advantage to render it attractive to the best class of the travelling public. Its situation in College Green, overlooking the fine college grounds and the stately avenues of limes, is simply charming. It is also in close proximity to the cathedral, the Queen’s Jubilee statue, and Civic Cross, adjacent to the principal thoroughfares, and within easy distance of the railway stations and steamboats. In fact, whether the visitor be in search of pleasure or bent on business, the Royal Hotel will be found equally convenient for him.

The hotel is a structure of great elegance and taste, and architecturally is a decided acquisition to the city. It is built of freestone, and was designed by the late Mr. Hawtin, the well-known architect. The interior has been arranged with every regard to the requirements of modern first-class caravansaries, and fitted up in every part in a handsome and often luxurious style. A pillared portico leads to the entrance hall, from which access is gained on the same floor to the coffee-rooms, which are of unusual size and decorated with conspicuous taste, as well as to the reading-rooms, hotel bureau, and the comfortable smoking and writing room. Beyond is the magnificent central hall, with its fountains, flowers, and voluptuous lounges; as well as the banquetting-room, which is used also for conversaziones, balls, concerts and public meetings. Here is, as well, telephone exchange office, a department not always found in English hotels, likewise another spacious smoke-room, and various other departments.

The upper floors are approached by two broad stone staircases, and contain elegantly-appointed private rooms, bedrooms and sitting-rooms en suite, drawing-rooms and dining-rooms, and an excellent billiard-room furnished with three of Burroughes & Watts’s improved tables. There are about one hundred bedrooms, all of which are lofty, well lighted and ventilated, and irreproachable in their neatness and cleanliness of appearance. Hot and cold baths are provided for the use of visitors, and a steam laundry on the premises insures every convenience with regard to patrons’ linen. The sanitary arrangements of the hotel have been carried out on the latest scientific principles. A night porter is kept, and omnibuses meet all the principal trains. A leading feature is made at this establishment of the cuisine, which is presided over by an accomplished chef, who is aided by a numerous staff of well-trained assistants. The waiters and attendants are thoroughly conversant with their duties, and wait upon guests with unusual politeness and attentiveness. The wines and spirits are of the choicest kinds, and the cigars include some of the finest brands.

The Royal Hotel is owned by the College Green Hotel Company, Limited, and is presided over by Mrs. A. Chapman, to whose courteous demeanour and superior executive ability the prosperous state of affairs prevailing here is greatly due. She has had a valuable experience in hotel management, and spares no trouble or expense in meeting the demands and wishes of her influential and high-class patrons, among which are included a good sprinkling of the English aristocracy, and many personages of importance from America, the Continent, and the Colonies. Under her administration the unrivalled reputation of the Royal is being fully maintained, and the comfort and pleasures of guests looked after in splendid style.

THE LONDON AND WEST OF ENGLAND YEAST COMPANY, IMPORTERS AND MANUFACTURERS,
137, VICTORIA STREET, BRISTOL.
MR. C. BLACKMORE, GENERAL MANAGER.

THIS notable business was originated in Plymouth in 1875, but was removed to the present more central position some eight years ago. Operations were first begun here in Stapleton Road, and were carried on there for a period of three years before a removal was made to the present site. It should be stated that the original three-storey premises in Stapleton Road are still partly occupied by this firm, who trade there in conjunction with the London and Provincial Tea Company, and who, we may add, are doing an immense trade with their brands of “Electric” and “Auravalla” teas. The Victoria Street premises are extensive and well adapted to the nature of the business carried on. They have a good frontage to the main street, and extend rearward for a considerable distance. The basement is used for yeast packing, the ground floor is occupied by the sales-room and enquiry office, and the first floor is occupied by a well-appointed counting-house and manager’s private rooms, whilst the second and third floors are utilised for the bakers’ sundries and for general storage purposes. Additional warehouse accommodation is held at No. 101 in the same street. In every department a well-organised system is in operation, and everything is carried on in an orderly, neat, and expeditious manner. As many as forty hands are employed in the Bristol department, the total force at the various depots amounting to something like one hundred and fifty.

The yeast manufactories are in Scotland, England, Ireland, and France. The Company are extensively occupied in the manufacture of their Pure Electric yeast, and also as importers and merchants of bakers’ sundries. The yeast made by the firm has gained for itself a position in the market second to no similar preparation in the country. Its reputation extends to every part of the United Kingdom among large consumers and better-class buyers. The bakers’ sundries business is controlled with notable enterprise, the Company possessing every facility for obtaining the finest supplies at first hand and under the most advantageous conditions. The stocks held are the largest in the district in this branch of trade. They include the pick of the markets in sugars, lards, dried fruits, almonds, peels, margarine, fruit essences, and essential oils, pure vegetable colours, pastilles, gelatine, and malt extract. The Company are the sole agents for the West of England and South Wales for the famous “French Cream” so well known for its uniform excellence and strength.

In the control of this extensive business it has been found necessary to establish upwards of thirty Branch houses in various parts of the country. The principal offices and warehouses are at Bristol as above, and the chief depots at 16A, Goswell Road, London; 148, Bristol Street, Birmingham; 11, Alexandra Road, Swansea; and 12, Buckland Street, Plymouth. Seven travellers are kept constantly on the road, and no effort is left untried to keep the business well in the front. It should be mentioned that the Company issue a weekly price-list of some thirty pages, replete with information as to fluctuations in prices and the general state of the markets as regards supply and demand. It should be in the hands of every master baker and confectioner. Mr. C. Blackmore, the managing director, is a man of sound experience in every branch of this special business. He is able, energetic, and enterprising, and is unceasing in his endeavours to maintain undiminished the enviable reputation enjoyed by the Company over which he presides. He is of good standing in trade and commercial circles, and commands the respect of all who know him.
The registered telegraphic addresses of the Company are: “Yeast, Bristol,” “Yeast, London,” and “Yeast, Birmingham.”

TAYLOR, AND LOW BROTHERS, DEAL, TIMBER, AND SLATE IMPORTERS,
CANADA WHARF, CUMBERLAND ROAD, BRISTOL.

THIS admirably organised and energetically conducted business was established in 1854, and having, at a comparatively early period in its history, taken the lead in the trade, has ever since been facile princeps. The premises comprise extensive timber-yards and a series of sheds, covering in all an area of about six acres, and conveniently situated by the floating harbour. The yards are well stocked with foreign timber, deals, &c., imported chiefly from the Baltic, and from America. Adjoining is the suite of handsomely appointed general and private offices, which are provided with all the requisites, including telephonic communication, for the expedition of the large amount of correspondence and other clerical work involved in the magnitude of the house’s operations at home and abroad. Their valuable and substantial commercial connections extend, not only throughout Bristol, but all over the Western and Southern counties.

The members of the firm are now:— Mr. C. H. Low, J.P., Mr. James Beadel Low, Mr. C. J. Tucker, and Mr. G. H. Perrin, all of these gentlemen being possessed of a thorough technical knowledge of the trade, and being actively interested in its details. It is thus that the members of the firm have gained and continue to retain the unreserved confidence of a large and continually expanding circle of clients. The senior partner, Mr. C. H. Low, notwithstanding the heavy demands made upon his attention by the details of his business, finds, like other men gifted with an exceptional faculty for organisation, time and energy to devote to the service of the public. Thus he is the chairman of the Bristol Timber Importers’ Association; the vice-president of the Timber Trades Federation of the United Kingdom; chairman of the Bristol Docks Committee; and president of the Harbour, Docks, and Piers Association of the United Kingdom. He also does excellent service to his fellow-citizens as Justice of the Peace for the city, and Alderman of the Corporation of Bristol.
The registered telegraphic address of the firm, it should be added, is “Taylor, Bristol,” and the telephone number is 34.

W. S. COX, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL BLIND MANUFACTURER,
113, REDCLIFF STREET, BRISTOL.

MR. COX founded this important industry in 1888 in Bedminster, and the success which he achieved was so great that at the end of a year the demands upon the resources of the establishment had grown to such an extent that a removal had become necessary, when he acquired the elegant and commodious quarters in Reddiff Street, which he has continued to occupy throughout the last three years. The premises, which are three storeys in height, have an elegant facade with more than ordinary claims to architectural merit. The handsome and ample show-window, with its tastefully arranged assortment of all sorts of appliances, especially novelties, connected with the blind trade, forms one of the principal attractions of the busy thoroughfare. The commodious workshops are situated at the rear, and also on the upper floors. They are equipped throughout with all the mechanical appliances of the most approved modern type, for securing perfection of construction and for economising labour in the manufacture of the different classes of blinds which Mr. Cox produces. Not only, therefore, are the goods which he supplies made under the best possible conditions, but they are offered at such moderate prices that he is able to challenge competition with any firm of repute in the United Kingdom.

Mr. Cox employs a large staff of workmen, many of whom, in their several departments, are experts of high technical skill. By their aid he produces every description of window, Venetian, spring roller, gauze, wire, and outside blinds, also patent spring shop blinds, of tick, sailcloth, and striped fabrics. Venetian blinds are amongst the specialities which, have made the reputation of the house. All the processes of manufacture are conducted under the supervision of Mr. Cox himself, whose taste and ingenuity are conspicuously displayed in this unique industry. All the materials used are uniformly of the best, and the results are highly esteemed for their strength and durability as well as for their elegantly artistic designs. Mr. Cox is a considerable importer of Venetian blind laths, and large stocks are held of holland blinds of every description, which are scolloped and fringed; Lancaster blinding and art blinding. Comice poles are made and fixed complete in walnut, pitch-pine, or mahogany stained wood, or brass, and there is always in the show-rooms a large choice of scolloped mantelboards, tapestry fringes, and American seats for chairs. The general stocks include a great variety of sundries, such as coat hooks, brackets, &c. The warehouses contain heavy surplus stocks, which are held in readiness for all demands; and the exceptionally large resources which Mr. Cox possesses enable him to execute all the orders arising from his widespread connection without the slightest delay. The list of his customers includes not only many of the leading commercial firms and private residents of Bristol and Clifton, but also some of the most distinguished county families .in the West of England.
Connected with the National Telephone Co., No. 711.

J. E. MAYNARD, WHOLESALE IRONMONGER AND FACTOR,
2, STOKES CROFT, BRISTOL.

THIS energetically conducted business was founded by Mr. E. Hunt, about thirty years ago, and about six years ago it came into the possession of the present proprietor, who has in every way increased the commercial importance of the establishment. Mr. Maynard brought to the task which he undertook in 1886 a large amount of practical experience of the trade gained during the years which he spent in the responsible position of buyer at the works of the eminent firm of Messrs. Gardiner & Co., Bristol. It is to his thorough acquaintance with the markets, and his intimate relation with many of the great manufacturing houses that Mr. Maynard’s notable success as a factor is to be attributed. His facilities for obtaining standard goods as well as attractive novelties upon the most favourable terms enable him to offer unusual advantages to his ever-extending circle of customers.

The magnitude of his premises, and the systematic manner in which his varied and comprehensive stocks are kept, convey some idea of the great extent of Mr. Maynard’s operations. The front of the spacious building at 2, Stokes Croft was renewed in 1880, and the facade, with its fine plate- glass windows, and their interesting contents, now forms one of the most important points of attraction in the district. The commodious showroom on the ground floor is admirably fitted, and amongst the other notable appointments may be mentioned the remarkably brilliant illumination of the premises by lamps which, in themselves, form interesting examples of the progress of applied science in this direction. Samples of the specialities which Mr. Maynard has introduced to the Bristol market are displayed to great advantage; while goods in bulk are held in the roomy warehouses in the adjoining avenue, and the two spacious basements are fitted with fenders, tins, trunks, mats, brushes, &c.

Since Mr. Maynard assumed the control of the business he has made such progress that he has been obliged to find additional warehousing premises. These are situated in King Square Avenue, and there is also a yard in Charles Street for the storage of goods of great bulk. Mr. Maynard is noted in the trade for the fine display of lamps which he always makes, his stock of this class of goods being probably the largest in Bristol. His stocks also include a large variety of cooking stoves. The reputation of the house, however, is chiefly based upon its unsurpassed stocks of builders’ appliances, including grates, chimneypieces, locks, &c. His connection amongst the leading builders and contractors of a wide district justifies Mr. Maynard in making exceptional efforts to render this department as complete as technical knowledge and skill can render it. He is assisted by a competent staff of experienced warehousemen, and the connections of the house are maintained by a corps of active commercial travellers. -

THE “NIMROD” CYCLE COMPANY, MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS,
ST. JAMES’S SQUARE, BRISTOL.

AMONG the best-known local firms engaged in this important branch of industry a leading position is occupied by that of the “Nimrod” Cycle Company, founded in 1886 by Mr. W. E. Roberts, who carried on the business with success until 1891, when it was purchased by a syndicate, who control it under the above title. That the efforts of their manager, Mr. Holt, have been fully appreciated by the trade and the leading cyclists is clearly manifested by the fact that last year the trade was more than trebled, and at the present time the Company, on account of large orders on hand, have been obliged to double their staff. The premises now occupied are large in size, and admirably arranged for the efficient discharge of the business. The equipment is of the most improved character, comprising many new and special appliances for saving labour. For the purpose of keeping pace with the increasing orders, particularly with the export department, additional plant is now being laid down, and the Company have it in contemplation to remove and to erect a new and more extensive factory in the suburbs of Bristol.

The machines turned out here are recognised as amongst the most reliable in the market. In the matter of lightness, strength, and “going powers” they are unsurpassed, and their construction includes all the latest and most efficient improvements. The Company are the patentees and manufacturers of Roberts’s Patent Non-Vibrating Forks, the “Nimrod” Patent Duplex Bearings, and other useful appliances well known and appreciated by wheelmen. They also obtained the Gold Medal at the Paris Exhibition of 1891 for general excellence and efficiency of make. Machines are made both for road work and for racing purposes. They are holding the lead in each section. Cycles for gentlemen, ladies, and youths are turned out in a superior style, and quoted at such favourable prices as cannot fail to induce business. Among so many choice varieties it is difficult to single out any particular kind for special notice, but it may be stated that the best-known and most representative productions of the firm are their “Racer,” a splendid machine, fitted with the latest and best make of pneumatic tires, and the Gold Medal “Nimrod” Spring- frame Machine. A large assortment is always on view in the Company’s spacious show-rooms, including the best machines made by the principal makers in the country.

The connection extends to every part of the United Kingdom among dealers, clubs, and professional cycle riders; but the business of the Company is not confined to the British Isles, their machines being known and valued in every part of the globe, a regular and fast-increasing trade being carried on with the Continent, Canada, the United States, Australia, and Cape Colony. The business throughout is conducted on honourable and liberal lines, and the success achieved is the result of the ability, energy, and enterprise shown in the management. Messrs. Holt and Walford are the joint managers, and to their well-directed efforts the Company is mainly indebted for its prosperity and high standing. Customers will find in them straightforward and courteous gentlemen, with whom it is a pleasure to do business. The telegraphic and cable address of the firm is “Nimrod, Bristol.” They have branch show-rooms at 127, Victoria Street, Bristol, and Wellington Park, Redland; also a depot at 79, Barton Hill Road, in addition to agencies at Kingswood, Hotwells, Eastville, Kingsdown, King Square Avenue, Warmley, St. George’s, and throughout the whole of the West of England.

FRED CHAVE, HOSIER, HATTER, GLOVER, &C., CENTRAL TOILET CLUB,
CROFT HOUSE, STOKES CROFT, BRISTOL.

AFTER many years’ practical experience Mr. Fred Chave recently opened the popular establishment so well known as the Central Toilet Club, Croft House, located at the top end of Stokes Croft. Mr. Chare has spared neither pains nor expense in making his establishment one of the most elegant and recherche in the city. From a large private house he has transformed it into a perfect palace of luxury and comfort. The front shop has a large and handsome plate-glass bay window, which is most tastefully dressed, and never fails to command admiring attention. The interior is fitted up in a very superior style with elegant yet substantial show-cases, stands, and other appropriate appointments. The admirable manner in which the establishment is lighted is a special feature. This is effected by means of three specially constructed lamps by J. Mason, of Birmingham. This is the only establishment in Bristol fitted with this admirable system, the opal reflectors producing an illumination quite equal to the electric light. This department of the establishment is well and completely stocked with ladies’ and gentlemen’s hosiery, gloves, ties, scarfs, umbrellas, and all articles requisite to the bath and toilet. These goods are all of exceptional quality, tastefully displayed and admirably arranged for inspection.

Passing through the shop the visitor arrives at the toilet-room, which is undoubtedly one of the most elegantly furnished apartments of its kind in the West of England. The arrangements are in every way perfect. Every comfort is provided and every reasonable requirement anticipated. Marble washbasins, skilfully arranged mirrors, elegant lounges, rotary brushing machinery, and, in fact, everything that science can dictate or experience suggest finds a place in this elegantly appointed establishment. This is enhanced in no small degree by the ready and polite attention of an efficient staff of well-trained assistants. Hair-cutting, shaving, shampooing, singeing, &c., are carried out in the most artistic and fashionable styles. Ladies are waited upon at their own residences by thoroughly experienced hairdressers, and the scale of charges in every instance is based on the strictest moderation. Mr. Fred Chave personally superintends the business in all its branches. He is well known and popular in Bristol, and by his spirited enterprise, genial courtesy, and considerate attention to the requirements of his customers has secured the confidence and support of a very extensive and high-class patronage.

HENRY LAMBERT, GOLDSMITH, SILVERSMITH, WATCHMAKER, AND JEWELLER,
27, TRIANGLE, AND 63, QUEEN’S ROAD, CLIFTON, BRISTOL.

FOUNDED in the year 1860, this house has for a long time held a leading position in connection with the jewellery, goldsmiths’, and watchmakers’ trade in Bristol. The business, which originated at College Green, has been carried on at its present address for the past fourteen years, and is under the control of Mrs. Lambert, widow of the late founder, Mr. Henry Lambert. Commodious premises, handsomely appointed and finely situated, afford every facility for the display of a truly magnificent stock, which for richness of quality and extensive variety is unsurpassed in Bristol. The window display is particularly fine, yet here, as in all other parts of the shop, are noticeable those evidences of perfect taste which distinguish the establishment as one of the first class. The business is not only one of the best of its kind in Bristol, but is also one of the largest and most comprehensive.

All branches of the trade are well represented, including the arts of the goldsmith, silversmith, and jeweller, and to this must be added watchmaking on an extensive scale. The stock of diamonds and other precious stones, superbly mounted and set in jewellery of the most artistic design, would do credit to the taste and enterprise of any firm in the Kingdom, and it is possible to speak in equally high terms of this firm’s splendid assortment of high-class watches, clocks, gold and silver plate, and fine electro-plated ware. Presentation plate has always been a speciality of this house, and in it a very high standard of excellence is maintained, both as regards design and manufacture. Unique and elegant clocks are also a feature of some importance, but in a stock where everything is of such carefully-selected and superior quality it is invidious to particularise, and our readers can best obtain a proper idea of the character of this establishment by paying it a personal visit.

Very few houses of the kind can show a larger, more valuable, or more varied stock in all departments of the trade. The firm under notice have displayed much enterprise in keeping their business thoroughly abreast of the times, and their establishment is unquestionably one of the handsomest and most attractive in Clifton and Bristol. The house has patrons in almost all parts of the world, and the constant influx of “repeat orders,” coupled with the steady increase of the trade on general lines, testifies to the satisfaction given to the public by the choice goods and straightforward method of this well-known firm.

THOMAS R. LEWIS, BUILDER AND CONTRACTOR,
CLIFTON VALE, BRISTOL.

THIS thriving and energetically conducted business was established by Mr. Lewis in 1863, in the same commodious premises which he has since continued to occupy. They comprise spacious building yards, in which are always held heavy stocks of well-seasoned English and foreign timber, sanitary drain-pipes of the best Staffordshire manufacture, and all other requisites for building operations on the most extensive scale. At the end of the yard are commodious joinery shops, fitted throughout with saws, benches, morticing machines and all other necessary labour-saving appliances of the most approved modern description. A large staff of skilled workmen is permanently employed, which is greatly enlarged when important contracts are undertaken. Many such have been fulfilled by Mr. Lewis to the complete satisfaction of all concerned. He was the contractor for many portions of most of the Clifton College buildings, and also for part of the structure of the University College. While he has had much experience in the best class of ecclesiastical construction, and has built several churches and chapels, he has also erected several of the large factories which of late have sprung up in large numbers in Bristol and some of its suburbs. He is accustomed to make all sorts of alterations, improvements, and enlargements in premises of all kinds, and for these classes of work submits estimates without charge. Mr. Lewis is personally well known throughout the district, and is an active and esteemed member of the Master Builders’ Association.

F. NEWCOMBE, CARVER, GILDER AND PRINTSELLER,
73, PARK STREET, BRISTOL.

FOR the last twenty-five years the well-known establishment which Mr. F. Newcombe has conducted as a carver, gilder, and printseller has formed a centre for much of the artistic activity of Bristol and Clifton, and of a wide surrounding area. The influence of the establishment in this direction has been more directly felt during the last ten years, since the firm took possession of the commodious and handsomely appointed premises which they now occupy. The showrooms are spacious and their elegant fittings are in harmonious keeping with their contents, which include many examples of the beautifully artistic work which Mr. Newcombe produces, and also a constant succession of the best engravings, etchings, and chromos published. Mr. Newcombe’s long and intimate association with the most eminent firms of art publishers in London, Paris, and other centres enables him to offer his clients every novelty at the earliest possible date, while he has special facilities for obtaining early impressions. To the rear is a magnificently proportioned picture-gallery, in which is always to be found a collection of important works by eminent representatives of the great British and foreign schools of art. The lighting of the gallery and all the surroundings have been arranged so as to render it an ideally suitable apartment for the purposes of the special exhibitions which are periodically held within its walls. Mr. Newcombe has large works, in the immediate vicinity of his galleries, at 71, Park Street, where his business as a carver and gilder is conducted under the best possible conditions, and where, with the assistance of a staff of experienced artificers, every description of high-class picture frames is produced. Mr. Newcombe employs only the best English gold in his gilding processes, and no inferior substitutes are employed. The house has gained a widespread reputation as one of the oldest and best of its class in the city, and its connections extend all over South Wales, Devonshire, and other Western Counties. The success of this admirably conducted business is due to Mr. Newcombe’s large business aptitude, combined with his generally recognised taste and judgment.

GEORGE FEAR, WATCH AND CLOCK MAKER,
THE OBSERVATORY, 10, CHRISTMAS STEPS, BRISTOL.

IT is twenty-two years since Mr. George Fear first commenced business in Reading. Some few years ago, he established the flourishing business which he has since conducted as a watch and clock maker at Christmas Steps, Bristol. During that period he has acquired far more than a local reputation for his exceptional skill in repairing duplex, lever, and horizontal watches, ships’ chronometers, musical boxes, &c. The notable success which the firm has achieved is, indeed, the result of the thorough technical knowledge which Mr. Fear possesses of all class of minute and complicated mechanism. The premises, which occupy a commanding position, have been in every way admirably adapted to the requirements of the business. The stock includes a large variety of clocks and watches. Here are exquisite samples of dainty bejewelled watches for ladies, and substantial keyless watches, with all the intermediate varieties. Equally diverse is the assortment of clocks, from the plainest of articles for the kitchen to the elaborately gilt or marble timepiece for the dining or drawing room. Numerous, however, as are the contents of Mr. Fear’s show-rooms, all his productions resemble each other in the perfection of their workmanship, and the exceptional durability of their working parts. As accurate time-keepers, the goods produced by this well-known house are unsurpassed. The workmen employed on the staff are carefully selected for their skill and experience, and, as every industrial process is performed under the supervision of the principal, he is enabled to warrant every watch cleaned and repaired. Mr. Fear it may be added has successfully made a speciality of repeating watches, for which the house is now famous. He possesses a distinct advantage in having acquired a large portion of his professional experience, by working both in Switzerland and France. To the same useful experience Mr. Fear owes his thorough colloquial familiarity with the French language, which is of material service in the conduct of his business. Endowed with such special advantages, it is not surprising that Mr. Fear’s connection, far from being confined to Bristol, extends all over England.

EDMUND TRUMP, BAKER, CORN AND FLOUR FACTOR,
THE CASTLE BAKING COMPANY, CASTLE HOUSE, 3, CASTLE STREET, BRISTOL.

ORGANISED thirty years ago, this representative bakery was acquired from the founder about a decade since by its present able and energetic proprietor, under whose fostering care it has been developed into one of the leading and best patronised houses of its class in the city. The premises occupied by Mr. Trump are prominently located in the best and busiest part of Castle Street, and consist of a spacious shop handsomely appointed throughout in the best modern style, and always invitingly stocked with a large assortment of plain and fancy breads and biscuits, corn flour, best Scotch oatmeal, and other forms of farinaceous food substances, and biscuits for ships, dog biscuits and kindred commodities. The splendidly-equipped bakehouse is located in the basement, and here Mr. Trump, with a full staff of expert and experienced hands, operates on a large scale as a baker of exclusively the best qualities of bread and biscuits, by reason of which he has succeeded in cultivating a very large and valuable patronage amongst hotelkeepers, restaurateurs, private families, and other large consumers, upon whom his well-organised service of carts attends daily for orders in all parts of the city. Careful and capable management maintains a thoroughly satisfactory, condition in all the affairs of this house, and the business in every detail is directed with all the ability and enterprise that have been so strongly instrumental in establishing its position, and assuring its substantial prosperity.

CHARLES WHEELER (J. S. MILTON, SUCCESSOR), BAKER AND CONFECTIONER,
8, PORTLAND PLACE (THE MALL), CLIFTON, BRISTOL.

ORGANISED as far back as the year 1821 by Mr. Charles Wheeler, at its present eligible locale, this representative business was acquired by its present able and energetic proprietor, Mr. J. S. Milton, in 1885, and has by him been mainly developed to its present eminent position as the leading as it is the oldest-established bakery in the district. The premises occupied comprise a spacious shop, handsomely appointed throughout in the best modern style, and invitingly displaying a very select assortment of plain and fancy breads, including breakfast rolls, pure wheatmeal and home-made breads, made from the best of English flours, Vienna bread and rolls, wedding, birthday, lawn tennis, and other cakes, cream ices, ice puddings, oyster pates, entrees, and other table delicacies for luncheons, teas, soirees, ball suppers, picnics, and other festive functions, for which Mr. Milton caters by contract or otherwise, supplying glass, china, plate, cutlery, and attendance complete, the finest grades of English and Vienna flour, wholemeal and yeast, and everything incidental to a first-class establishment of the kind. The baking of bread is made a leading line, and the elaborately equipped bakery at the rear is replete with every modern improvement, and is a model of hygienic purity and scrupulous cleanliness. Mr. Milton has succeeded in securing a large share of the best patronage in Clifton, including that of the head master and house masters of Clifton College. Personally he is well known and highly esteemed in both social and commercial circles as an enterprising, honourable, and thoroughly capable business man, well deserving of the patronage bestowed upon him.

G. AND A. CLARK, BOOKSELLERS, STATIONERS, PRINTERS, AND BOOKBINDERS,
15, CHANDOS ROAD, REDLAND, BRISTOL.

THIS business, one of the most important of the kind in the popular Redland district, was founded by the present co-partners, Messrs. G. and A. Clark, at 7A, Chandos Road, in 1886. Finding these premises too small for the greatly developed nature of the business, the firm recently removed to the above address. These handsome premises are commodious, and allow of ample scope for the proper display of the fine stock that is always to be met with. The two handsome plate-glass windows seldom fail to attract attention, being arranged with a large variety of goods, which include the very latest novelties in plain and fancy stationery. The interior is not less inviting. The fittings and furnishings are in excellent taste, serving to show the stock to advantage. The firm have on hand a full complement of all that comes under the category of commercial, scholastic, artistic, and general stationery. As booksellers the firm hold a superior selection of works by standard and popular authors, many being elegantly bound. Current literature is constantly being added, so that the reading community can rely upon meeting with something new. Volumes suitable for Sunday-school and day-school presentation form an interesting feature of the stock. There is a registry office for servants attached, which is much used by the ladies of the district. Messrs. Clark also execute printing of all kinds, turning out bright and effective work, at reasonable prices. Visiting, greeting, and memorial cards, note headings, monograms, &c., are among a few of the specialities. In the bookbinding department books are well bound to any pattern; also in the cases supplied by publishers of the various magazines. The firm manage their business in a way that meets with the approval of a large and always growing clientele.

GEORGE WILLS, DEALER IN FINE ART PROPERTY, &C.,
49, PARK STREET, BRISTOL.

THE collector and distributor of fine art property in the way of old china, antique furniture, bronzes, pictures, miniatures, bric-a-brac, and articles de vertu, and rarities generally finds no abler representative and exponent in Bristol than Mr. George Wills, who, having formed the nucleus of his business some twelve years ago, conducted his undertaking with such sound judgment and well-directed enterprise that he found it expedient some three years ago to enter upon his present eligible quarters, which are conveniently located in the commanding corner site formed by the junction of Park Street and George Street. The spacious show-room, with its ample additional stock-rooms, are admirably appointed throughout in the best style, and most methodically arranged to hold and effectively display a vast, varied, and most valuable collection of goods coming under the headings already named, and prominent amongst which is, perhaps, the largest and most varied series of old English china to be met with in the provinces. Mr. Wilis undertakes all kinds of valuation work, executes commissions for his patrons, and is at all times ready to pay good prices for collections of antiques. Personally he is well known in the world of art, and the manner in which he has guided the course of his business has met with an approval that is amply attested by the liberal patronage accorded to his house by the most eminent connoisseurs and collectors and by many of the wealthy and noble families resident, not only in Bristol, but throughout the United Kingdom, and even abroad.

MESSRS. R. DURIE & CO.,
MERCHANT TAILORS AND OUTFITTERS, 23, 24, AND 25, HIGH STREET, BRISTOL.

ORGANISED in the year 1869 by its present proprietors, the commercial development of the concern was so rapid that, after a brief period of trading, Messrs. Durie found it necessary to acquire the three large shops adjoining, now converted into one handsome emporium. These premises had for thirty years previous been occupied by the leading firm of ready-money clothiers in this ancient city. The handsome and elegantly appointed premises in High Street consist of a fine shop, with two large plate-glass windows. On the first floor we find a handsome show-room, while above are the well-equipped work-rooms. The stock comprises all kinds of readymade garments, of stylish cut and excellent finish, and at most moderate prices. There is also a large selection of the newest patterns in Scotch tweeds, West of England cloths, &c., and whether in the bespoke or ready-made department, Messrs. Durie are equally successful in turning out garments which for style, fit, and finish cannot be surpassed. A feature of the business which must not be forgotten is the execution of contract work for schools, colleges, &c., a large trade being done in this department. In addition to these premises Messrs. Durie have a branch establishment known as “The University Clothing Company,” at 48, Wine Street, which is specially noted for juvenile clothing, and which is all manufactured at the headquarters in High Street. Altogether Messrs. Durie conduct a business of more than ordinary dimensions, and enjoy the entire confidence of a connection extending for many miles round this district.

FREDERICK J. SCUTT, TAILOR AND JUVENILE OUTFITTER,
57, GLOUCESTER ROAD, BISHOPSTON, BRISTOL.

DURING the eleven or twelve years Mr. Scutt has occupied the premises at the above address he has steadily advanced his position and reputation, until he has to-day reached a position of considerable prominence in the local world of commerce. As a thoroughly practical tailor he has had long and superior experience, for, before opening out in Gloucester Road, he for many years carried on business in a private house, in Brigstoke Road, working principally for a select private connection. The shop occupied has a neat and attractive appearance, and the interior is appropriately fitted and furnished. A superior and well-chosen stock of cloth is held, including the newest shades and patterns in English and Scotch tweeds, West of Englands, plain and fancy worsteds, and materials for plain and fancy suitings generally. These are of guaranteed quality, and thoroughly shrunk before being put into use. In the cutting out, by the adoption of an approved scientific system, absolute perfection of fit and style is secured. Prompt attention is paid to mourning and urgent orders. He has earned a high name for the very efficient manner in which he turns out juveniles’ clothing, many decided novelties being introduced. He also gives satisfaction in suits for boys’ hard school wear. Notwithstanding the fact that workmanship, fit, and quality are the best, strictly moderate prices rule throughout. The proprietor is a courteous and obliging tradesman, well respected both in commercial and private circles.

MRS. A. J. BALL, FAMILY BUTCHER,
135, GLOUCESTER ROAD, BISHOPSTON, BRISTOL.

THE position held by this business entitles it to rank among the leading concerns of the kind in the Bishopston district of Bristol. The proprietor’s reputation for supplying sound English beef and mutton at a fair and reasonable rate, has opened up a brisk demand in all quarters of the district. The business was established about twelve years ago by the late Mr. Ball, who conducted it up to the time of his decease, some ten years ago. Since then it has been continued by Mrs. Ball, who employs the services of an experienced and trustworthy manager. The premises hold a capital position in the main thoroughfare, and possess a very attractive appearance. The shop has a single frontage, with an appropriately furnished interior. The supplies of cattle and sheep are drawn from the best quarters, the local and district markets being regularly attended, purchases being confined to English stock. A large and influential clientele is supplied with the choicest cuts of beef and mutton, while in season there are liberal supplies of veal and lamb forward. Pickled tongues are among the delicacies obtainable at this establishment. There is ample accommodation for keeping during hot weather. Indeed, the arrangements throughout are of an eminently satisfactory character. One noticeable feature is the scrupulous cleanliness maintained in each section. Mrs. Ball has several competent assistants in her employment, ensuring for all orders prompt and careful attention.

WILLIAM BENNETT, LITHOGRAPHER, PRINTER, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL STATIONER,
43, BROAD STREET, BRISTOL.

THIS extensive business was established in 1860 by the present proprietor, and has for many years been recognised as the leading establishment in the city for all kinds of lithographic, artistic and high-class printing. The premises at No. 43, Broad Street comprise a spacious and handsome shop with a fine plate-glass frontage, the interior being fitted up in a very superior manner. Mr. Bennett has always on hand a large and thoroughly representative stock of law and mercantile stationery, including account-books of every description, desks, stationery cases, inkstands, document cases, patent files, portfolios, diaries, pocketbooks, deed and dispatch boxes, letter-copying presses and stands and books, blotting, carbonic, tracing, drawing and other papers. Above the shop are extensive paper-rooms, folding, stitching, and binding rooms, and well-lighted offices for the lithographic artists. The works are situated in a spacious building known as Tailors’ Hall, Tailors’ Court, in the rear of and communicating with 43, Broad Street, and contain two splendid rooms, each about eighty feet by thirty feet, by thirty feet high, in one of which is carried on the type-composing, stereotyping, lithographic transferring, lithographic hand printing and copper-plate printing, paper cutting, stone cleaning, &c., &c., and in the other is some of the very best lithographic and type machines of modern make, printing up to quad crown size, breezing machines, transferring presses, punching machines, &c., gas-engihe room, and storage room for lithographic stones.

Mr. Bennett makes a speciality of auction and other plans, law printing, and architects’ specifications and bills of quantities. Another leading feature is the preparing of illuminated addresses for presentation; specially trained artists are always engaged. Amongst others Mr. Bennett has prepared addresses for presentation to Her Majesty the Queen, T.R.H. the Prince and Princess of Wales, H.R.H. the Duke of Edinburgh, H.R.H. the late Duke of Clarence, the Marquis of Salisbury, the Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone, the Right Hon. A. J. Balfour, and many of the leading men of the day. Perhaps it is not too much to say that no house out of London does so much of this kind of work. The trade of this firm is of a high-class character, and is widespread, influential, and steadily growing, and with the exceptional facilities at command Mr. Bennett is enabled to satisfactorily execute all orders in the most prompt and reasonable terms. The business throughout is personally conducted by the head of the house with great ability, energy, and enterprise. Mr. William Bennett is a gentleman well known in social and business circles. He takes a keen and active interest in all matters that affect the prosperity of the commerce and industries of the city. He has been a guardian of the poor for many years, and has recently filled for two years the position of chairman to the board, having previously been vice-chairman for the like period.

H. P. MOON & SON, TAILORS, UNDERTAKERS, AND CLOTH-WORKERS,
13, PERRY ROAD, BRISTOL.

THE above business is of very old-established standing in the trade, having been founded at Gloucester Street, Bristol, in 1852, by the present head of the firm, and was subsequently removed, in 1873, to the more commodious site now occupied at 13, Perry Road. The premises at this address are very conveniently arranged for carrying out the several departments of an extensive business of this character. Messrs. Moon & Son have developed a very widespread and influential connection as high-class tailors and undertakers, the establishment being well stocked with a splendid assortment of new season’s materials in Scotch and English tweeds, meltons, West of England and Yorkshire woollens and other goods suitable for gentlemen’s fashionable bespoke clothing. The cutting department receives the most careful attention of the principals, and a staff of thoroughly experienced hands is employed to ensure the perfection of style, fit, cut, and make of every garment supplied from the establishment. A specially important branch of the firm’s trade includes the department devoted to cloth-shrinking and waterproofing processes, which are carried out with the utmost efficiency on the premises, under the personal supervision of the proprietors, whose lengthened and thoroughly practical knowledge of these operations enables them to undertake with success all classes of work of this description for the trade. An extensive and substantial business has been established by the firm in each department of the concern, which is conducted throughout with marked efficiency in every detail under the active and energetic management of the partners, who are both widely known and deservedly respected in local circles as eminently representative members of the important trade with which they have been so long and honourably associated.

ST. VINCENT’S ROCKS HOTEL,
CLIFTON, BRISTOL.
L. ASHCROFT, PROPRIETOR.
Telephones: Clifton, No. 572; Bath, No. 59.

PERCHED upon the lofty summit of the St. Vincent’s Rocks, close to the commencement of the noble suspension bridge that spans the River Avon over its most beautiful reaches in fashionable Clifton, and commanding from its elegant balconies and front windows a magnificent view, stretching beyond the mighty stream below, over the charming sylvan scenery of Leigh Woods on the one hand, and over the Clifton and Durdham Downs and far away on the other, stands the imposing edifice known as the St. Vincent’s Rocks Hotel. The hotel, moreover, is advantageously located within easy reach of Clifton College, the Zoological Gardens, &c., and is built in accordance with modern sanitary requirements upon one of the best-drained and naturally salubrious soils in the West of England. The hotel per se is hygienically constructed and luxuriously yet tastefully appointed and furnished throughout in the best modern style, and these facts, coupled with a perfect cuisine, a cellar choicely stocked, unexceptionable attendance, and a moderate tariff of charges, have made the place one of the most desirable and deservedly popular residential “homes from home” in any part of the provinces.

The St. Vincent’s Rocks Hotel was organised under the auspices of a company in 1868. In 1886 Mr. L. Ashcroft became its sole proprietor. Under his vigorous and experienced regime, the hotel was gradually brought to its present perfect condition. Valuable methods, useful innovations in equipments, general appointments, furnishings, and other details, have all been silently, yet surely, secured from time to time; so that the wants of guests seem to be anticipated and amply provided for at every turn. The spacious entrance hall and magnificent vestibular lounge leads by easy stages to the various apartments. There are, in addition to sumptuously furnished public coffee rooms, reading and sitting rooms, smoking and billiard saloons, and a complement of thirty-two comfortable and sanitarily clean and wholesome bedrooms; special private apartments en suite, which are largely patronised by residential guests. The extra-mural arrangements, too, are singularly perfect. In the rear are well-appointed grounds, richly laid out, which afford ample facilities for the visitors, there being quiet nooks for recreation, &c. Visitors will find that this hotel is directly opposite the Clifton Rocks Railway, which was recently opened by George Newnes, Esq., M.P., of the Strand Magazine, also the site where the grand pump-room and spa are to be shortly erected. Here the famous Hotwells waters will be supplied. Carriage and saddle horses are provided with every desired attendance at the shortest notice, and every facility afforded to guests desirous of exploring the charming neighbourhood, or of visiting local places of interest.

Equally well conducted and sumptuously appointed under Mrs. L. Ashcroft’s proprietary direction, is the splendid York House Hotel at Bath. Centrally situated in the best part of the city, adjoining the Post and Telegraph offices, and close to the famous Mineral Baths, Old Roman Baths, the Royal Victoria Park, Assembly Rooms, Theatre, Crescents, and about five minutes’ drive from the railway stations. The York House Hotel is accounted to be one of the most comfortable of residential houses in the celebrated watering-place. At both hotels the menage is precisely similar. An excellent table d’hote is served at separate tables, or guests may dine a la carte; and the sound judgment and practical knowledge of the genial and courteous proprietor are strongly manifested in every effort that is made to make the . present and future reputation of both of his houses fully consistent with all their past traditions of credit and renown.

R. HOUGHTON & CO., FURNISHING IRONMONGERS, CUTLERS, AND DEALERS IN BEST ELECTRO-PLATE,
1, ST. AUGUSTINE’S PARADE, BRISTOL.

ORGANISED by the late Mr. R. Houghton about a quarter of a century ago in Clare Street, and now carried on by his son, the commercial development of the concern became so rapid that, about six years ago, the present more commodious premises were entered upon. The spacious double-fronted shop, with its commodious show-rooms on the upper floors, and. extensive warehouses and workshops at the rear, is stocked to repletion with goods of every conceivable kind incidental to the trade. Mr. Houghton has secured a stock that may safely be said to be entirely free from articles of inferior make or questionable value, while all the latest novelties of the day are always prominently en evidence. Specialities are made of the best Sheffield table, pocket, and toilet cutlery; of the duplex lamps of Hinks & Son and Messenger & Son; of Mitrailleuse, and Defries’s safety lamps; of electro silver-plate for presentations, &c.; of furnishing brassfoundry; and of complete batterie de cuisine; his lists of kitchen utensils adapted for cottages, villas, and mansions being particularly noteworthy.

In each department a complete and comprehensive stock of superior goods is held and effectively displayed, and in this way, in addition to the sections specialised, will be found kitchen utensils of all kinds, baths of every description, toilet services in charming variety, cheap and good travelling boxes, electro-silver, Britannia metal, and block-tin dish covers, hot-water dishes and plates, all manner of galvanised-iron goods, birdcages in variety, wire flower-stands of every sort, knife-cleaning machines, garden seats, garden tools of all kinds, gentlemen’s tool-chests, household tools, enamelled goods, brushes, doormats and wool mats, wood turnery, mincing machines, and all kinds of culinary labour-saving appliances up to date; domestic machinery in variety, Bradford’s celebrated washing and mangling machines, lawn mowers, garden engines, syringes, indiarubber hose and reels, and, in short, everything incidental to a thoroughly first-class modern ironmongery depot. In his executive department Mr. Houghton employs a staff of thoroughly skilled and experienced craftsmen, and undertakes ironmongery repairs in all its branches, bell-hanging, smiths’ work, and gasfitting, with efficiency, economy, and despatch; and the large and liberal patronage he enjoys is ample evidence of the fact that his efforts have not failed to meet with deserved appreciation and support.

BATH.

SO much, has been written at all times and by all sorts of people about the delights of Bath, its beautiful surroundings and its manifold attractions as a place of resort and residence, that our task would indeed be a hopeless one were it our aim to say anything new concerning this famous city of pleasure and health. Fortunately we have no such intention, our desire here being to present to our readers quite a different view of the city and district of Bath from that usually taken of it by historians and visitors generally — a view based upon the commercial and industrial aspect of the place, which, though frequently overlooked, is nevertheless very prominent and important. Few people look at Bath in the light of a city of business, yet a city of business it undoubtedly is, and, moreover, its business is conducted upon a scale of far more than ordinary magnitude. There are mercantile establishments here which would do credit to any of our great commercial centres, not merely in elegance of appearance (for that one naturally looks for in a city of the highest social and fashionable status), but also in extensive resources and complete practical organisation. Such establishments are emporia of supply for the residents in a very wide area, and they also attract the patronage of visitors to an extent which speaks volumes for the character of their stocks and the methods of their administration.

And not only are there great shops and warehouses in Bath, filled to repletion with all the necessaries and luxuries of modern life; there are factories here also — within the boundaries of the city and in all parts of the country round about — factories employing great numbers of workpeople, and displaying the utmost advancement in the manner of their equipment; factories turning out a large variety of useful goods, and maintaining an unsurpassed reputation for the quality of their manufactures. Here, then, we have another aspect of Bath which is sufficiently interesting to deserve special consideration, and such consideration we shall endeavour to give it in the following pages, where the ancient city’s undertakings as a productive and mercantile centre find illustration in the recorded achievements and progressive operations of some of its representative firms. The Romans, who practically founded Bath, and gave to it its ancient name of Aqua Solis, not only made this city one of their chief stations in the West Country, but also formed it into a great sanatorium. They built the wonderful Roman baths, one of which is illustrated on the preceding page, and apparently provided every arrangement for utilising the healing virtues of the thermal springs to their full extent. The character thus imparted to the place by the civilising influence of ancient Rome has been maintained in one great direction and amplified and extended in many others. Bath is still facile princeps among our inland health resorts; and as a place of residence, alike delightful in its society and charming in its natural environment, this ancient city has secured universal fame and recognition.

But Bath is something more than all this. While living in a large measure to attract the visits of the people of the outer world, and offering thereunto an unsurpassable hospitality, Bath lives also for and within itself, and has a great and genuine civic and commercial existence not often found in communities that are merely places of popular resort. The commercial spirit is strong in Bath, and there is a healthy tone about its business enterprises which suggests an accurate balance between supply and demand. Of over-production little is noticeable in this thriving city and its busy outlying districts, and at the same time the many and varied requirements of the people dwelling within the city itself and in the large populative area of which it is the centre, are amply satisfied from the resources of the local manufacturers and merchants. Bath has given its name to several well-known articles of utility and consumption, and, as might reasonably be expected, many of its local products have a reputation that is much more than parochial. This is particularly true of the fine cabinet furniture so largely made at Bath, and which is sent to many distant parts of the country and also abroad. Various other manufactures share in this export and help to uphold the excellent repute of the industries of Bath and district. The many fine shops in various branches of retail trade which meet the eye of the visitor to Bath are replete with merchandise carefully selected from every market. They are one and all conducted in the true spirit of modern enterprise, and their proprietors, collectively and individually, will be found to exemplify that high type of British mercantile character in which personal courtesy, integrity of principle, and energy in method and action are so happily combined.

Of course it is impossible even here to close our eyes to the rare beauties and fascinations of Bath in its capacity as a great
fashionable sanatorium. Unrivalled in situation, unsurpassed in scenic surroundings, unequalled in the elegance of some of its architectural features, and in the completeness of its arrangements to promote the comfort and pleasure of its multitude of visitors, Bath maintains unchallenged its claim to the proud title, “Queen of the West;” and few will deny that the historic city has established its right to this title, and to the distinction it implies. Nestling in an amphitheatre of hills, which protect it from every unwelcome intrusion of northern and eastern winds, and surrounded by some of the loveliest scenery that nature has lavished even upon the highly favoured West Country, Bath presents a picture in which natural beauty is closely commingled with artificial elegance. The handsomely designed crescents and terraces that contribute so much to the architectural attractions of the city, the well laid-out and perfectly kept parks and gardens, the many quaint features of the older part of the place, and the numerous and interesting antiquities abounding in the neighbourhood — all these impart a special charm to Bath. The beautiful old Abbey Church is in itself a mine of wealth to the student of structural design and ecclesiastical archaeology, and he can pursue his researches in a similar direction, with the best results, in at least a dozen other antique fanes in and around the city.

Finally there are the famous baths of Bath — the ancient thermal and mineral springs whose waters have been as a veritable fountain of life and health to suffering humanity for more than eighteen centuries. In the remote days of the Romans and Saxons, sick men and women came from distant parts of the country to test the virtues of the even then far-famed “Aquae Solis.” In the later times of the Stuarts the world of fashion began to betake itself to the ancient city on the Avon, and the pump-rooms and assembly-rooms of Bath became almost the centre of the higher social life of England. To this day Bath remains pre-eminent in certain respects among English watering-places, and it retains a very large measure of distinguished patronage, despite the competition of a multitude of other resorts, at home and abroad, which, by comparison with it, are but the growth of yesterday. The baths of Bath are the finest of their kind in Europe — on that point most people are fully agreed. In luxurious appointment they are unrivalled, and they unite in themselves the best features of many similar establishments in this country and on the Continent. All the scientific methods of hydropathy are here in practice, and neither trouble nor expense has been spared to make the baths as perfect in their arrangements and equipment as they are efficacious in a therapeutic sense.

The visitor may renew his acquaintance with Bath from year to year, and will find it always interesting and never dull. The city has a busy, energetic life of its own, apart from that which comes from without to swell the stream of its vitality. It has its own social, political, ecclesiastical, artistic features all strongly defined; and it has also that vigorous business life to which we have already alluded, and which we shall now endeavour to illustrate in detail in the following descriptive reviews.

REPRESENTATIVES OE COMMERCE.

THE GRAND PUMP ROOM HOTEL,
BATH.
MR. C. W. RADWAY, LESSEE.

BATH is justly celebrated as one of the most beautiful cities in Europe, not only in natural surroundings, but also in structural features, and certainly not the least noteworthy among its many architectural attractions is the imposing pile of the Grand Pump Room Hotel. This magnificent hotel, which was founded in 1869, is situated opposite the Abbey and the Grand Pump Room, and is a remarkably handsome and commodious edifice, admirably adapted for the important part it has to play in connection with the hospitality extended by the “Queen of the West” to her many distinguished visitors from all parts of the globe. Externally beautiful in design and treatment, the hotel presents internally an example of all that is luxurious and elegant in modern hotel appointment, and in the matter of decorations, furnishings, and the multitude of conveniences it offers to its guests there is no house in the West of England that can surpass it.

In general organisation the standard attained speaks volumes for the enterprise and ability of the management, and the excellent reputation the hotel has long enjoyed for a pleasing combination of luxury and comfort has been considerably enhanced in recent years by the adoption of many new features and improvements calculated to further conduce to the satisfaction of visitors. The electric light is conspicuous among these, and it adds greatly to the appearance of the rooms in which it is in use. The sanitary arrangements leave nothing to be desired, the bath and lavatory accommodation being ample and of the best kind. Equally complete are all the domestic offices, the equipment of which tends in such a large measure to ensure the smooth working of the extensive routine of this establishment. The kitchens are properly situated at the top of the building, and possess every appliance to assist the accomplished chef and his experienced staff in maintaining the high standard of excellence that has long distinguished the cuisine of the Grand Pump Room Hotel. Among other matters for which this house has a reputation are its wines. These are stored in the fine cellars of the establishment, and comprise a most extensive and valuable stock of choice growths and vintages, carefully selected, and designed to secure the approval of a cultured clientele. The hotel has its own laundry at Tiverton, equipped with modern machinery, and under the control of a competent manager and manageress.

Without entering into an extended description of the Grand Pump Room Hotel, to which we could not hope to do full justice in this brief sketch, we may briefly allude to a few of the rooms which especially attract the visitor’s attention. The fine banquetting-room is one of these, and presents a remarkably handsome appearance with its rich mahogany furniture, Turkey carpet, and splendidly decorated ceiling and cornices. The billiard-room is admirable in every respect. The light is particularly good, gas and electricity being both available when necessary, and there are two first-class tables, one by Burroughes & Watts, and one by Stevens. The ladies’ drawing-room is furnished and decorated in the richest and most luxurious style, and is lighted by gas and electricity. A large and handsomely appointed apartment is the coffee-room, with its stained-glass windows, facing the Abbey and adjacent streets. This room is eighty feet long by fifty feet wide, and has a beautifully decorated ceiling in white and gold. Adjoining is a most attractive reading-room. Lovers of the weed will find the smoking-room all that can be desired in point of comfort, and the cosy reading-room is well furnished with daily and other newspapers, books of reference, &c. The suites of private apartments, of which quite a number are to be found on the upper floors of the hotel, are fitted up with every regard to comfort, elegance, and good taste; and the numerous bedrooms are models of what a sleeping apartment should be.

The Grand Pump Room Hotel has accommodation of the highest class for considerably over one hundred guests, and offers the advantage of a perfect service, an unsurpassed cuisine, and the most courteous and considerate management, the whole establishment being under the personal supervision of Mr. Radway, the lessee. Among the many illustrious visitors to Bath who have patronised this leading hotel may be mentioned the following:— H.I.M. the Empress Eugenie, the Duke of Devonshire, the Duke and Duchess of Sutherland, Lord Carrington, Lord Justice Bowen, Lord Alfred Fitzroy, the Lord Bishop of Bath and Wells, General and Lady Simmons, the Earl of Cork, the Countess of Rosslyn, the Baroness Bolsover, H.E. Baron Penedo, the Brazilian Minister, Lord Knutsford, the Marquis of Bath, Lady Londonderry, the Earl and Countess of Gosford, Lord Sidmouth, the Earl of Stair, Lord Gordon, Earl Temple, and the Lord Bishop of St. Davids. We might extend the list almost indefinitely, and mention the names of a great number of prominent personages in the British and Continental aristocracies; but the few referred to above will serve to indicate the favour in which the Grand Pump Room Hotel is held by leaders of fashion and society.

Adjoining the hotel, and entered from the ground floor corridor, or by the lift, are the splendid New Royal Baths, which have been pronounced the finest suite of mineral-water baths in Europe, and which have been brought to their present high state of perfection by the expenditure of upwards of £40,000. These baths, in addition to the most ample provision of luxurious deep and reclining baths, swimming baths, cooling-rooms, &c., also supply all the appliances demanded by modern medical science, and the Aix-les-Bains treatment is here in full operation. Visitors can indulge in every variety of bath known in this and other countries. Doucheurs and doucheuses from Continental spas are regularly engaged on the staff, and special arrangements exist for massage treatment for both sexes. The swimming baths are unsurpassed. The large swimming bath is eighty feet long by thirty-five feet wide, and is daily supplied with fresh mineral water reduced to a moderate temperature. These wonderful baths, so inseparably associated with the history and fortunes of the city, are an unfailing attraction to visitors, and thousands of persons come from all parts to test the virtue of the waters, which are beneficial in all forms of gout, sub-acute, chronic, and muscular rheumatism, neuralgia, sciatica, lumbago, certain forms of paralysis, nervous debility, diseases of women, disorders of the digestive system, albuminuria, tropical anaemia, metallic poisoning, eczema, lepra, psoriasis, and certain diseases of the skin. Some surgical diseases of the joints are also benefited by these waters, and their therapeutic virtues are likewise apparent in cases of general weakness of limbs after injury, and in diseases of the throat and air passages.

The situation of the Grand Pump Room Hotel, in immediate connection with the baths, is an advantage so obvious that we need hardly indicate it. In concluding this brief review we may add that Mr. C. W. Radway, the esteemed lessee of the hotel, has a private office near the corridor where he may nearly always be found at customary hours giving that personal attention to the affairs of the establishment which has operated so largely to the advantage of his guests, and which so fully meets with their approbation. Mr. Rad way is much respected in Bath, and takes a prominent part in public life, being a member of the City Council, and chairman of the Baths Committee.

FULLER & HICK, WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANTS,
BROAD STREET WINE VAULTS, BATH.

AMONG the representative houses engaged in the wine and spirit trade of the city of Bath, it is particularly interesting to meet with an establishment of such old standing and extensive business connections as the one whose rise and progress furnishes the theme of the present brief historical review. The records of the house show that it was organised as far back as over a century ago by a Mr. Lewis Reilly, the quondam proprietor of the York House Hotel, who opened the business for the wholesale and retail distribution of excisable liquors, and was succeeded by his brother Charles, from whom in 1851 the entire concern was acquired by Mr. E. R. Fuller, who was subsequently some years since joined in partnership by his nephew, Mr. W. A. Hick, the firm now trading under the title of Fuller & Hick, Broad Street Wine Vaults, Bath. The establishment comprises a capacious and well-appointed suite of offices, and extensive, well stocked vaults, perfectly suited to meet the requirements of their retail, family, and wholesale trade, which is not only local, but extends for many miles around Bath. Large stocks, in both bulk and bottle, moreover, are maintained by the firm at the bonded stores of the Midland and Great Western Railways at Bath, not only comprising some seventeen thousand gallons of Scotch and Irish whiskies, the quality of which the firm has been long justly celebrated for, but also a selected stock of old brandies, ports, sherry, and every description of wine in bulk and cases, &c. In addition to holding a stock of the most popular brands and vintages of the best shippers, Messrs. Fuller & Hick have specialised what is now well known as their brand of standard sherry, at 30s. per dozen, and their own brand of champagne, at 54s. per dozen, as expressly bottled for them by the celebrated house of MM. Perrier Jouet; also their celebrated Glenlivet whisky, eight years old. In all of these, as well as in other choice liquors, they command a substantial and continuous demand from connoisseurs, hotel-keepers, and private families. Both partners are well known in commercial circles as being thoroughly capable business men, and well deserving of public patronage. The firm are also agents for many brewers, viz., Messrs. Bass, Allsopp, Ind Coope & Co., Guinness, Anglo-Bavarian Company, &c., &c. They deliver all wines and spirits carriage free to any part of the United Kingdom.

HAYWARD & WOOSTER, BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS,
WALCOT STREET, BATH.

THE above admirably organised and notably successful business was established considerably over fifty years ago by Mr. Hanham. He originally occupied premises at 34, Belvedere. In 1877 Mr. E. W. Wooster became a member of the firm, and in 1881 they found it requisite, in order to obtain the extra space which had become indispensable to the proper conduct of their business, to remove to their present premises in Walcot Street. The old house on the premises which Messrs. Hayward & Wooster utilise as offices and store-rooms for light goods is richly interesting as having, for a considerable time, been the home of Robert Southey, Poet Laureate and master of elegant prose. The extensive pleasure-grounds which surrounded the residence of the famous poet now constitute the yards of Messrs. Hayward & Wooster. The house, which is most solidly built, with doors of solid mahogany, has in its day formed a stately residence, while the grounds, which occupy the whole of the space between Walcot Street and the river, extend to about a hundred and twenty-five feet in width.

Ever since the removal of the firm to these commodious quarters the volume of their business has increased. The commercial department faces the thoroughfare, and comprises a suite of well-appointed general and private offices, which are furnished with telephonic communication, and all the other requisites for expediting the large amount of correspondence and other clerical work necessitated by the numerous and important transactions of the house. The telephone number is 69, and the registered telegraphic address is: “Hayward, Bath.” Adjacent are store-rooms in which are held large stocks of plumbers’ and fitters’ requisites, such as taps, valves, nails, hinges, screws, brass goods, &c., while other building appliances are stored throughout the remainder of the house, which is four storeys in height.

Access to the yard is gained by passing the well-equipped office of the foreman, and the visitor reaches the joiners’ shop, which extends all along the bottom of the yard and up one side, making an aggregate length of some two hundred feet. This is fitted up with benches and all other necessary appliances, and affords accommodation for a large number of skilled workmen. The fitting-room, which occupies the floor underneath, is equally well appointed. The machine shop is on the ground floor, and contains all the requisite wood-working mechanical appliances of the most approved modern type. The machinery is driven by a twelve-and-a-half horse-power Griffin steam-engine. Throughout the whole of the works of the firm their labour-saving plant is so complete that important economies are thereby effected, and Messrs. Hayward & Wooster are thus enabled to compete on the most favourable conditions with any other first-class building and contracting firm in the United Kingdom. In immediate proximity to the engine is the smiths’ shop. Part of the yard is covered in with a corrugated roof, and there are extensive drying-sheds. Thus there are ample facilities for the thorough maturing of the timber used by the firm in their building operations, and thus maintaining the high reputation which they have gained for the soundness of all the materials which they employ. The centre of the yard is conveniently arranged for the storage of timber and other heavy building materials, while the numerous industrial departments are ranged around. The mason’s yard, the plumbing-shops, the saw-mills, and the steam joinery works are all admirably arranged for the conduct of a very extensive and successful business.

With the assistance of their large staff, numbering from two to three hundred men, as occasion requires, and including many expert specialists in the several departments, Messrs. Hayward & Wooster are always in a position to execute all orders in the speediest and most satisfactory manner. Much of their work is of a high artistic character, and beautiful examples of decorative wood and stone work are to be seen at their works. At the time of writing these lines there is being completed some massive and highly decorated choir-stalls for Verwood Church, Dorset, of solid English oak. There is also an elaborate alabaster screen for the same church. As one of the leading contractors in the city, they have been successful in obtaining the contract for the extension of the Bath Municipal Buildings and Technical Schools. In every respect the firm of Messrs. Hayward & Wooster deserves a place of honourable importance in any account of the modern industrial characteristics of Bath.

MILSOM & SON, PIANOFORTE, HARMONIUM, AMERICAN ORGAN, AND MUSIC SELLERS,
15, MILSOM STREET, BATH.

THIS representative house was founded in the year 1825 by Mr. Charles Milsom, grandfather of the present principal, who was in his time a well-known and influential citizen, being a member of the town council and a Justice of the Peace for the city. He was succeeded by his son, Mr. Charles Milsom, who achieved a reputation as a composer, and some years ago the present head of the house, Mr. Francis Henry Milsom, assumed control of the business, which he has since directed with marked ability and success. Until 1883 the firm’s headquarters were in Argyle Street, but in that year the premises now occupied were acquired and rebuilt specially to suit the requirements of the business. They are very extensive and of handsome appearance, the fine entrance being adorned with a carved trophy of musical instruments and surmounted by a bust of Mozart. The establishment is from the designs of Mr. Wilcox, of Bath.

The main show-room is one hundred and thirty feet in length, and is elaborately and artistically decorated, while at the rear is another show-room forty feet long, with commodious work-rooms beyond. The large saloon is devoted to pianofortes, while the smaller one accommodates a varied stock of harmoniums and American organs. Below the former is a room of equal size used for storing and packing. In the work-rooms there are conveniences for repairing and polishing, &c., and a numerous staff of experienced men is employed in this class of work. The first floor of the premises contains the firm’s business offices and booking-rooms, with telephone wire to the Bath Assembly Rooms, and here we learn that Messrs. Milsom & Son are large musical caterers and entrepreneurs, undertaking the organisation and conduct of concerts and musical entertainments generally, and supplying the artists and instruments for the same. They have booking-offices here where seats may be secured for any performance in Bath, and the firm’s well-known orchestral band, comprising the best talent of the neighbourhood, is available for balls, banquets, garden parties, &c.

Messrs. Milsom & Son hold one of the largest and best stocks of musical instruments to be found in the West of England, having as a rule over one hundred instruments on view in their fine show-rooms. These embrace the productions of all the most noted makers, with special features in the splendid pianos of C. Bechstein, and American organs by equally celebrated makers. Any of these instruments can be purchased on the three-years system. Messrs. Milsom & Son claim to have first introduced this useful system into the West of England. Special attention is given to repairs of all kinds, which are executed on the premises by thoroughly practical workmen at moderate charges, and the experienced pianoforte tuners of this house visit quarterly all the towns and villages of Wilts, Devonshire, Somerset, Dorset, Bucks, Gloucestershire, Oxfordshire, and South Wales. Messrs. Milsom supply every kind of musical instrument, and their stock always includes a choice selection of violins, orchestral wood wind instruments, brass wind, plectral stringed instruments, and various musical requisites. They also hold a very large and complete stock of sheet music, both vocal and instrumental, and do a most extensive trade as music-sellers. Altogether, this house may be said to hold a position second to none in the Western music trades, and for many years it has enjoyed the support of a most valuable connection in musical circles, both professional and amateur. Mr. Francis Henry Milsom, the sole proprietor, possesses an exhaustive knowledge of the trade in all its details. He devotes his personal attention to the business, and has greatly enhanced the reputation of the house by his energetic enterprise. Such an establishment as that of Messrs. Milsom & Son would be a credit to any English city, and must undoubtedly exercise a powerful and beneficial influence upon musical progress and culture in the large and important district throughout which its operations take effect.
The firm’s telegraphic address is “Milsom, Bath.”

T. KNIGHT & SONS, LIMITED, MANUFACTURERS OF DOMESTIC FURNITURE, DECORATORS, &C.,
10, MILSOM STREET, BATH.

THROUGHOUT the entire United Kingdom during the past fifty years there has been a great and very welcome improvement of public taste in the matter of house furnishing and interior decoration. This may, of course, be largely attributable to the spread of artistic culture and education, but at the same time a share of credit is undoubtedly due to the cabinetmaking trade, the members of which have so many opportunities of encouraging such an improvement as we have referred to. In Bath, for example, no firm has worked more earnestly or with better results to raise the standard of artistic beauty and refinement in house furnishings than that of Messrs. T. Knight & Sons, Limited, and consequently, this large and important concern has a special claim upon our attention in a review of the representative trades and industries of what has well been named the “Queen City of the West.”

The business under notice originated nearly a century ago in George Street, its founder being a Mr. Stafford. About 1846 it was taken over by Mr. Thomas Knight, who transferred it twenty years later to Milsom Street. Mr. Thomas Knight died in 1889, and was succeeded by his sons. Recently these gentlemen have converted the business into a private limited company, Mr. H. M. Knight being the managing director. We ought to mention that in 1876 the firm bought over the business of Messrs. Wilcox & Ransom, of Burton Street, and amalgamated it with their own. At the present day Messrs. T. Knight & Sons, Limited, stand in the front rank of the trade in the West of England. They are unsurpassed in the production of high-class and genuinely artistic furniture, to which class of work they have always given special attention, and it is a high testimony to their reputation and prestige that they hold a special appointment as upholsterers and cabinet manufacturers to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales.

The premises of the firm form one of the architectural ornaments of Milsom Street, and are arranged throughout upon a most convenient plan. The main showroom is about one hundred and sixty feet in length, lighted by electricity, and very handsomely appointed. At the rear of this, on the ground floor, there is a series of three show-rooms, the first of which is devoted to decorative wall-papers and materials, decorated windows, elegantly carved mantels, and admirable reproductions of antique ornamental designs in carvings, friezes, &c. The next show-room displays a remarkably fine assortment of antique oak furniture and cabinets, and the third room also exhibits beautiful specimens of antique and modern work in oak, mahogany, and walnut cabinets, exquisitely carved and inlaid. The main show-room at the front of the ground floor is undoubtedly one of the finest in the West of England, and contains a magnificent stock, embracing many handsome styles in high-class furniture for the library, hall, drawing-room, and dining-room. These goods are produced in mahogany, rosewood, walnut, satinwood, and other choice materials, and represent the perfection of workmanship and finish. They comprise complete suites and single pieces in all styles, and there is also a beautiful selection of furniture in those specially artistic designs which are now so much in vogue in the best circles, and with the revival and introduction of which this house has closely associated itself.

On the first floor of Messrs. Knight’s premises there is a large carpet saloon, in which are displayed the finest productions of the famous carpet factories of Kidderminster, Wilton, and Glasgow, &c., as well as rich and beautiful Oriental carpets and rugs, and handsome tapestries, &c., &c., ranging in price from two shillings to five guineas per yard. Other show-rooms at the rear of the first floor are devoted to bedroom furniture in all the newest designs. Here we found completely furnished bedrooms, with suites, curtains, wallpapers, hangings, &c., designed to enable customers to judge of the effect of such furnishings when placed in proper order and combination. The higher floors of the building are equipped as upholstery work-rooms, and carpet and other stock-rooms, and the basement forms surplus stock-rooms and packing-rooms.

Messrs. Knight are abreast of the times in every detail, and have had their fine establishment lighted throughout by electricity. It may truly be said that this firm’s show-rooms are a sight worth seeing, and the statement is verified by the fact that they are visited daily by large numbers of persons. The several departments, taken collectively, form a permanent exhibition of everything that is new, and elegant, and fashionable in house furnishings of every description, and the wide variety of goods displayed are equally remarkable for artistic beauty of design, and for special merit in material, workmanship, and finish. Moreover, Messrs. Thomas Knight & Sons, Limited, have been highly successful in reconciling the frequently antagonistic elements of price and quality, and have accomplished what many firms have failed to achieve, the production of really high-class furniture at prices which are not greatly in excess of those asked for the so-called “cheap” furniture that is generally very dear indeed in the long run.

The firm’s extensive and thoroughly practical experience in every department of the trade enables them to carry out contracts for furnishing upon any scale of magnitude in an eminently satisfactory manner, and they have completed many specially important orders of this description, including the following:— the furnishing of the residence of the Danish Minister in London recently; the partial furnishing of the British Embassy at Madrid for Sir Clare Ford; the furnishing of the British Legation at Copenhagen for Sir Edmund Monson, when Minister there; furnishing residences for Mr. Gosling, British Minister at Guatemala; also previously for the same gentleman at Copenhagen; also the part furnishing of a residence for Count Kalnoky, the eminent Austro-Hungarian statesman. Many other instances could be cited of a similar nature, and the firm can show numerous letters of congratulation from members of the aristocracy, the corps diplomatique, and other distinguished patrons, both at home and abroad.

It is well known that cabinetmaking is one of the staple industries of the place, large quantities of high-class furniture being manufactured here, and sent to London, the North, and, in fact, all parts of the world, and in this important and increasing trade Messrs. Thomas Knight & Sons, Limited, have their full share, and, owing to the local cheapness of production, they are able to compete most successfully with the leading London houses. This is undoubtedly one of the prime causes of their great success in modern times, and serves to explain their power of attracting a large amount of very superior patronage. We should add that this firm undertake the removal of furniture in special spring vans without packing, or the packing of furniture for distant transit. For sea voyages they have large vans specially constructed to be slung into the holds of ships. The firm also conduct an excellent house and estate agency, and have for many years published regularly a monthly catalogue of estates and houses to be let or sold, which has a wide circulation, and is largely instrumental in disposing of the property of their clients. Mr. H. M. Knight, the managing director of this large and influential concern, personally administers all its affairs, and also makes frequent journeys abroad to supervise the fulfilment of the special contracts entrusted to the firm by customers residing in other countries. In all such work as this Mr. Knight displays a masterly knowledge of the trade, and also exhibits those sound commercial qualities which have done so much to place his house in its high position in one of the most important of English industrial arts.

VEZEY & CO., COACHBUILDERS, HARNESS-MAKERS, &C.,
19, MILSOM STREET, AND LONG ACRE, BATH.

THIS extensive, business was founded over a century ago, the house during all this time remaining under the control of the same family; and it has been in the hands of the present proprietor, Mr. H. J. Vezey, for some time. In Milsom Street the premises occupied comprise spacious show-rooms, which are about one hundred feet in length, and are admirably lighted from the roof. Here may be seen a large and interesting display of the firm’s excellent manufactures in fashionable vehicles of all kinds, the specialities being in Landaus, Broughams, Victorias, and Bath Phaetons. Numerous designs are shown in these favourite styles of carriages, and all are remarkable for elegant and graceful appearance, strength, lightness, and highly finished workmanship. Messrs. Vezey & Co. have identified their name with many improvements in high-class coachbuilding, and their productions are of the first quality in every respect. Their large works, situated in Long Acre, Bath, give employment to a large number of highly skilled workmen, and are splendidly equipped with the most effective appliances. All the interesting processes of coachbuilding are carried on here under the most favourable conditions, and the results are visible in the beautiful display of carriages on view in the Milsom Street show-rooms.

Messrs. Vezey & Co. are coachbuilders by appointment to Her Majesty, and coachbuilders to the King of Sweden. They received the medal with honourable mention at the Great Exhibition of 1851 for a newly designed Sociable of that date, which was afterward sold and sent to India. They also received honourable mention at the International Exhibition of 1862, and were awarded a gold medal for their Victorias at the Calcutta International Exhibition of 1883-84. There is in the possession of this eminent firm the original model of Her Majesty’s state coach, said to be the most superb carriage ever built in this country. The state coach was built by Mr. Butler, coachbuilder, of Great Queen Street, London, from designs by Sir William Chambers, and adorned with carvings by Wilton and paintings by Cipriani. This magnificent coach was first used in the wedding of Queen Charlotte in 1762, and was used at Her Majesty’s coronation in 1837, and those occasions when the Queen opened Parliament in state, up to the time of the late Prince Consort’s death. Its total cost when built (1762) was £6,491 1s. 9-and-a-half d. The model was made in 1761 for Queen Charlotte’s inspection, and was approved by Her Majesty and taken as the design from which the coach was built. This original model is now the property of Messrs. Vezey & Co., and can be seen at their show-rooms. When Queen Charlotte was staying in Bath in 1817, at 93, New Sydney Place, the late Mr. Vezey had the honour of taking for her inspection this same model, which Her Majesty said that she remembered. The model was sent to the Fine Arts Exhibition at Manchester, and to the London Exhibition of 1862. It was subsequently exhibited at South Kensington Museum, and the council of the Society of Arts requested the loan of it to send to the Paris Exhibition.

Messrs. Vezey & Co. do a large and high-class business and have a most valuable connection, enjoying the patronage of the nobility and gentry of Bath and district, and also receiving frequent orders from customers in the leading towns of the West and South of England, and even in London, where their superior work is well known and greatly appreciated. Mr. H. J. Vezey, the present head of the firm, has been connected with the business for about thirty years, and is a thorough master of the trade in all its details.

JAMES COLMER, LIMITED, SILK MERCERS, DRAPERS, HOUSE FURNISHERS, AND GENERAL WAREHOUSEMEN,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, AND 17, UNION STREET; 8, 9, AND 18, UNION PASSAGE; AND 12A, THE CORRIDOR, BATH.

A DRAPERY, outfitting, and furnishing establishment which, for its colossal magnitude, for the excellence of its organisation, and for the enlightened enterprise of its administration, is unsurpassed out of the metropolis is that of James Colmer, Limited. This gigantic business occupies so large a place in the commercial life of Bath in the present day that it demands more than a passing notice in any review of the existing economic conditions of the city. The great establishment now controlled by the company took its origin in 1829, when it was founded at 11, Union Street, by Mr. Caleb Hornby. Its affairs were successfully conducted, with a gradually increasing volume of business, until 1870, when it was acquired by Mr. James Colmer, to whose exceptional commercial aptitude and rare organising faculty the present notable prosperity of the house must chiefly be attributed. In l889 the rapid growth in the operations of the house, and the probability of a future increase at a still greater ratio, rendered it advisable to incorporate the business as a company under the Limited Liability Acts, and it has since been carried on under the style and title of James Colmer, Limited, with an authorised capital of £100,000, of which £68,000 have been issued. The present board of directors consists of Messrs. James Colmer (chairman), James Kerry, James Henry Colmer, Walter Walker, and William Grant. The bankers, solicitors, auditors, and brokers are all firms of the highest professional standing in London, Bath, or Bristol. Some idea of the magnitude of the company’s operations may be obtained from the published balance-sheet for the year ending August, 1892, where the gross profits are put down at £23,725. After the payment of £8,577 for salaries and the payment of other items, including debenture interest, rent, taxes, advertising, printing, stationery, lighting, housekeeping, travelling, repairs, fees, &c., a balance is left in hand of £8,749, and the ordinary shares of the company, issued at £8 paid, are now obtainable with difficulty at £14.

The premises, which have been admirably adapted to the various requirements of the business, comprise six spacious double-fronted shops with three grand entrances. There is a magnificent range of ample plate-glass show-windows, which, with their constantly changing exhibits of tastefully arranged and sumptuously beautiful novelties, constitute the most attractive points of interest in the neighbourhood. The buildings, all of which are utilised for the commercial purposes of the company, are five storeys in height, including the basements, and have a frontage of about two hundred feet, with an average depth of seventy-five. The postal addresses of the company are Nos. 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11, Union Street, with branches at 17, Union Street, and at 8, 9, and 18, Union Passage, and 12A, The Corridor. On the upper floors are spacious work-rooms, adjoining the admirably appointed show-rooms, for the processes of millinery, mantle-making, and dressmaking. Here are employed large staffs of highly skilled milliners and dressmakers. A comfortably furnished series of reading and smoking rooms, bedrooms, bath-rooms, and lavatories is fitted up for the occupation of the young men in the employ of the company. These are situated in the buildings numbered 6, 7, and 8. For the ladies engaged in the establishment the sitting-rooms, bedrooms, and bathrooms are at Nos. 9, 10, and 11. The dining-room is at the rear of the premises, and is a commodious hall, with a lift communicating with the kitchen, and a capacity for dining seventy persons simultaneously. In the kitchen department are large gas-cooking stoves. All the domestic arrangements are under the control of an efficient housekeeper.

There is, as the commercial headquarters of the company, a suite of well- appointed general and private offices, one being reserved for the exclusive use of the chairman of the company, who continues to give the closest attention to all departments of the business. The registered office of the company is occupied by the secretary, who is also a member of the board. The offices are supplied with all the requisites for the prompt despatch of the large amount of correspondence and other clerical work. The counting-house and a large portion of the sale-shops and show-rooms are illuminated by electricity. Over No. 9 is a department for the execution of country orders and the despatch of patterns.

Glancing at the shops individually, it is found that No. 6 is utilised as a china, glass, and household ironmongery department. Here are found all descriptions of bath requisites in the most elegant styles, with handsome vases and epergnes, with fancy glassware and china of every description. Some rare and valuable Japanese ware is always held in stock, Kaga, Satsuma, Imari, Kishu, &c. Great store is kept at No. 7 of calicoes and longcloths, quilts, sheetings, table covers, art plushes, tapestry, chenille goods, cretonnes, repps, damasks, &c. No. 8 is the carpet department, and the stocks include fine examples of Brussels, tapestry, Kidderminster, Persian, and Turkey carpets and rugs, in wool, goatskin, Axminster, &c. Here also are art muslins, window hollands, stair-carpets and linoleums, floorcloths, mats, and curtains in chenille, tapestry, lace, guipure, Madras, &c. The coloured dress department occupies No. 10, and includes fine displays of silks, plushes, velvets, fancy muslins &c. This department is specially well lit, the light coming from the roof as well as the front. To the rear of this shop is the mourning and cotton dress department, admirably equipped with all kinds of black goods and a special show of zephyrs, prints, sateens, &c. No. 10 is a particularly large department, which is devoted to flannels, linens, Oxford shirtings, galateas, art and Scotch muslins, dress linings. Arc. Adjoining this department is an elegantly appointed tea snd refreshment room, with handsome marble-topped counter and tables, for the use of visitors to the establishment. This room is lit by electricity. General hosiery is found at No. 11, together with gloves, lace, wools, ribbons, trimmings, silk handkerchiefs, umbrellas, men’s mercery, general haberdashery, fancy art needlework, furs, &c.

Ascending to the upper floors we find that the galleries of No. 8 contain a most complete collection of wicker chairs, whitewood articles, mostly stools, for poker-work, Japanese bamboo-work, and also writing-desks, book-shelves, gongs, &c. The show-room of No. 6 is devoted to household china, glass, and earthenware, including dinner services, tea services, bedroom ware, and toilet sets in great variety of designs and patterns. In No. 7 a fine show-room contains an endless diversity of ironmongery, including handsome hardware and other lamps, clocks and bronzes, sewing machines, turnery, coal vases, oil stoves, nails, paints, and all sorts of household requisites. In No. 7 there is a show-room for baby linen, corsets, aprons, and children’s millinery. The show-room of No. 8 is a particularly fine apartment, about fifty feet by thirty, well lighted from both side and roof, and stocked with drawing-room suites, Japanese trays, screens, choice mirrors, in velvet, walnut, and gold, and framed plaques. Above this room is the upholstery department, where are regularly employed a staff of highly skilled workmen, who are permanently attached to the establishment. Nos. 9, 10, and 11 are devoted, so far as the show-rooms are concerned, to the display of millinery and mantles, of which many choice and novel examples are constantly shown. The millinery department includes goods in straw, felt, velvet, &c., with trimmed hats and bonnets representing the latest accepted ideas. There are also cases for the display of hairbrushes, perfumery, stationery, and fancy goods in general. There is always a grand exhibition of mantles, of the newest designs, in cloth, matelasse, silk, plush, &c., and also, when required, these are made to order on the premises. The gallery of No. 11 is stocked with furs, reserve hosiery, baskets, buttons, &c.

Nor are the basements of the several buildings less utilised. No. 8 cellar is partly stocked with occasional chairs, book-cases, and cheffoniers, carved, and in walnut, rosewood, and mahogany, with-a varied stock of perambulators, mailcarts, &c. The remainder of the cellar is partitioned off, and is used as a making-up and packing room, with all the appliances for the rapid expedition of goods. The basements of Nos. 6 and 7 are stocked with reserve ironmongery, china, glass, and earthenware, and here also is situated the elaborate apparatus for heating the premises with hot water. In No. 9 basement are held large stocks of iron and brass bedsteads, bedding, mattresses, and suites of dining-room furniture, cheffoniers, sideboards, mirrors, screens, hat and coat racks, perambulators, berceaunettes, &c. In No. 10 are immense quantities of bedroom suites, including wardrobes, chests of drawers, in mahogany, walnut, ash, &c., bedroom chairs, wash-stands and dressing-tables, with marble tops, pedestals, towel rails, &c. A portion of the cellar of No. 11 is utilised for receiving goods from manufacturers and importers of foreign goods, and in the remainder are stored linens, calicoes, muslins, Berlin wools, &c., large reserve stocks of which are held in readiness for all demands. Here also are some fine carved black oak book-cases and tables.

Notwithstanding the enormous amount of space which the company occupy in Union Street, the development of certain extra departments of their business has necessitated the opening out of branch establishments, fully equipped. At No. 8, Union Passage is a branch store of ironmongery goods, oil, candles, soaps, and general household requisites. On the upper floors there are large reserve stores of such goods. In the building which is numbered 12A, The Corridor, and 18, Union Passage, are all kinds of travelling trunks, purses, writing-cases, albums, &c. On the first floor is a series of commodious work-rooms, where a large number of skilled artificers are engaged in the production of high-class portmanteaus, Gladstone bags, luggage baskets, and all sorts of travelling gear, which are offered to the public at remarkably low prices. No. 17, Union Street is a fine double-fronted block of buildings, extending to Union Passage, with attractive plate-glass display windows. The spacious shop is well stocked with every variety of ready-made garments for men and boys, together with a splendid assortment of woollen cloths for use in the order department, and large quantities of hosiery and men’s mercery. There is, on the first floor, a show-room for ready-made clothing of all kinds, including suits, overcoats, mackintoshes, travelling rugs, &c. In commodious and well-ventilated work-rooms upstairs are performed all the industrial processes of tailoring. The cutting department is under the direction of a highly skilled expert, who has had much experience in his difficult and delicate art. On the same premises are also the work-rooms in which carpets are planned, cut, made up, and pressed.

The motto of the company, to which they have steadfastly and successfully adhered, is, “Sterling Value — Small Profits — No Credit.” Under Mr. Colmer’s proprietorship, during twenty years up to 1889, and acting upon these principles, the volume of the business has more than doubled, and the above threefold watchword has been adopted and formally registered as the company’s trade motto. Imperfect as is the foregoing synopsis of the resources of the establishment, considerations of space forbid our supplementing it even by giving the list of departments enumerated in the copious catalogue periodically issued by the company. The valuable connections of the house extend throughout the whole of the West of England, as well as the southern counties, South Wales, and, in a minor degree, Ireland and Scotland. They have several influential patrons who, during the winter months, use their establishment largely for their supplies of clothing for distribution in connection with charitable institutions in which they are interested.
The registered telegraphic address of the company is “Colmer, Bath,” and the officially registered description of the establishment is “The Great Ready-Money Drapery, Outfitting, and Furnishing Houses.”

J. GODDARD & CO., MANUFACTURING CONFECTIONERS,
OLD GAOL; RETAIL DEPOT: 22, NEW BOND STREET, BATH.
(Telegrams: “Goddard, Old Gaol, Bath.”)

THE extensive and flourishing business of this well-known manufacturing house presents an example of substantial success achieved within a comparatively short space of time, for it was in 1881 that the concern was first started in New Bond Street, where there is still an important retail depot. Rapidly developing under the influence of able and vigorous management, the business soon outgrew its original quarters, and the manufacturing operations were accordingly transferred to the Old Gaol in 1888. These large premises, which have been admirably arranged to meet the requirements of the trade, comprise a basement and three upper floors; and an idea of the magnitude of the place may be gathered from the fact that each of the floors is one hundred and forty feet in length and forty-six feet wide. The ground floor contains, in the first place, the engine-room, with a vertical steam-engine for driving the machinery in use. There are also eight furnaces on this floor, employing four boiler-men, each furnace-room being fitted with two copper boiling-pans for boiling the sugar, and having a boiler-man, two boys, and two girls to look after its requirements and attend to the work. When ready, the boiling sugar is poured from the pans on to a large iron slab, where it is allowed to cool down to “working” temperature. The requisite colouring liquid (a carefully prepared vegetable product) is then added, and after the admixture of flavourings the compound is skilfully manipulated on the slab, and subsequently passed through various machines which speedily convert it into tablets and other forms as may be required.

Of course, the colour and shape, as well as the flavour, of the sweets vary according to the style of article being made; and the stripes so frequently seen in this class of confectionery are obtained in the course of manipulating the material, a layer of white being brought into contact with the coloured portion, and then passed through the cutting and shaping machines. This class of confectionery bears the name of “boiled sugar goods,” and in this department Messrs. Goddard have deservedly gained a high reputation. The sugar they use is of the very finest quality obtainable, being exceedingly hard and of the purest white. It is a Dutch sugar (as are all the best confectionery sugars), and is imported by the firm direct from Holland, via Bristol. In all the other materials used in their industry Messrs. Goddard maintain the same high standard of purity and excellence; and by this careful selection of ingredients, combined with special skill in the conduct of the manufacturing processes, they produce goods of a character unsurpassed for purity and delicacy of flavour. Glancing at the sugar stores with their large stock (occupying part of the cells on the ground floor), and noticing also a department for air-tight tins in which the sweets are ultimately packed, we ascend.

The first floor is heated by steam pipes to facilitate the drying of the sweets, which are here found in large quantities waiting to be packed in neat lace-decked boxes. In another department there are various kinds of sweets ready for despatch, all carefully packed, stencilled, and named. Among them are neatly-packed specimen boxes containing many different kinds of sweets, and designed as samples for commercial travellers, or for any wholesale buyers who may require them. In the well-appointed laboratory, essences are critically and analytically examined and tested before being used. Some are very costly, such as the famous Otto of Roses, from Turkey, a small phial of which is worth as much as £5. Of course, in the case of this precious extract, “a little goes a long way,” and very delicious, indeed, are the confections prepared with its aid. Among the other essences are Lavender, from Mont Blanc, Violet, Heliotrope, and many others. On the next floor the most interesting features are the various moulds for shaping the sweets. These take many forms, and among them are numerous moulds for those popular novelties known as “Easter Eggs,” in which Messrs. Goddard are always well to the fore. One of the leading specialities of the firm is Goddard’s “Crystal” Table Jelly, a luscious preparation, warranted pure, and supplied in half-pints, pints, and quarts. This high-class article has a large sale, which indicates the esteem in which it is held as a superior table delicacy.

All the manufactures of Messrs. J. Goddard & Co. are well reputed in the trade, and the demand for them is steadily growing. Indeed, so rapidly has the business increased of late that the firm have considerable alterations and improvements of their premises in contemplation; and they are about to increase their plant of machinery to cope with the enlarged influx of orders. They make all their own boxes and cases for packing, and, in fact, conduct a thoroughly self-contained and admirably-organised industry, the solid success of which amply attests the energy, enterprise, and commercial capacity of the principals. Employment is given to a numerous staff of hands at these extensive works, and the output of the establishment is necessarily large to meet the requirements of an influential connection extending throughout England and Wales. Messrs. Goddard have a retail branch in New Bond Street, where a large and varied stock of their excellent manufactures may always be found. Both here and at the works the personal supervision of the principals tends to ensure a continuance of the prosperity which has thus far attended the career of this enterprising firm.

POWELL & POWELL, CABINETMAKERS, UPHOLSTERERS, AUCTIONEERS, UNDERTAKERS, VALUERS, AND WAREHOUSEMEN,
18, OLD BOND STREET, AND CITY AUCTION MART, QUIET STREET, BATH.

THE history of this old-established and widely known firm of auctioneers, cabinetmakers, and upholsterers dates back over a period of nearly three- quarters of a century, the business having been founded in Bath in the year 1819 by the grandfather of the present principals, Mr. George Ferris Powell and Mr. William Powell. These latter gentlemen succeeded to the proprietorship about seven years ago, and under their able management the business has continued in the prosperous course it has so long pursued. The premises occupied in Old Bond Street comprise a large four-storey building, the ground floor of which forms a spacious show-room displaying a fine stock of cabinet furniture and a large stock of carpets of every description. At the rear are the offices of the firm and several store-rooms. On the first floor are further stocks of furniture in all the newest styles and in various woods, including very handsome goods in oak, walnut, ash, satinwood, &c. The upper floors are devoted to surplus stock, work-rooms, upholsterers’ rooms, &c. This establishment is a well-known furniture emporium, enjoying the support of a large city and district clientele, and having a reputation for goods of excellent quality and superior finish at moderate prices.

In Quiet Street Messrs. Powell & Powell have their auction mart. These premises are very extensive and admirably lighted, and are well adapted to accommodate the enormous quantities of goods brought together here for the sales, which are almost constantly in progress. The firm do an immense business as auctioneers, and their sales are very largely attended. The Bond Street establishment has the advantage of the electric light.

Messrs. Powell & Powell are also the proprietors of Chick’s Paddington Depository, London, W., which was rebuilt about three years ago specially for the warehousing of furniture and other goods. This is a very large edifice, constructed on the most approved modern principles, and affording very superior accommodation. In connection with the removal and warehousing of furniture the firm have upwards of twenty vans employed — a fact which sufficiently indicates the extent and importance of this branch of their business. Dry and separate rooms are available to customers for the storage of household effects, luggage, &c., and the London warehouse is under the charge of an experienced manager. Mr. William Powell also visits London every week to look after the affairs of the depository and the metropolitan business generally. The amount of work done by this firm as cabinetmakers and upholsterers is very large, as the stocks they hold at Bath amply indicate; and they have a factory in James Street, Bath, for the manufacture of cabinet goods. Messrs.

Powell & Powell are also extensively engaged in the sale of estates, the making of valuations, and other similar work; and they have developed an important undertaking department. Funerals are personally conducted to any part of the country. As house agents the firm are well and favourably known, and issue lists, gratis, of the properties entrusted to them for disposal. About seventy hands are employed, all told, the workmen in each department being thoroughly experienced; and both the partners take an active part in the management of the business, which is one of the oldest and best of its kind in the West of England. The Powell family have long been well known and respected in Bath. Mr. George Powell, who retired from business several years ago, was a member of the Bath Town Council, and of the Board of Guardians, and the Charity Commissioners. Mr. George Ferris Powell, one of the present principals, is a churchwarden of Bath Abbey, and he and his partner, Mr. William Powell, are much esteemed as enterprising and honourable business men.
The firm’s local telephone is No. 18; their telegraphic addresses are “Powells, Bath,” and “Depositing, London.”

FRANCIS’S PRIVATE HOTELS,
QUEEN SQUARE, BENNETT STREET, AND QUEEN’S PARADE, BATH.
Telegraphic address: “Francis, Bath.”
Telephones: No. 42 and No. 79.

THE private hotels at Bath conducted by Mrs. E. Francis_were established in 1883 by the lady under whose auspices they are still conducted, a series of boarding-houses at 8, 9, 10, and 11 having been converted in that year to their present use, and nothing has been spared during the course of the past ten years towards carrying out the main design of luxurious comfort and refinement. The approach at No. 10 of the Square is dignified by a fine entrance-hall, replete with furnishings in crimson velvet. The smoking-room on the right is a veritable study in cosy furnishing, and the visitor can here leisurely scan the daily and illustrated papers in perfect unobtrusiveness. The dining-room on the left is a magnificent apartment, extending from end to end about ninety feet, and commanding a full view of the Square, divided from the conservatory at the end by folding doors. On the walls are exhibited choice paintings in oak and gilt. The tables are adorned with a fine centrepiece in electro-plate, forming richly-carved candelabra, and interspersed with electro vases holding ferns and choice flowers, and in such elegant profusion as to present at the dining hour a most effective appearance. From sixty to seventy guests can be here accommodated at one time. The office, fitted with telephone and conveniences, is on the same floor.

The first floor, reached by a richly-carpeted staircase, is the drawing-room, facing the Square, containing a grand piano by Bechstein (a splendid instrument),and famished on the same scale of magnificence which characterises every part of the house. Fine arum lilies are set in handsome vases at the window, and the walls are ablaze with mirrors and paintings, a warm and rich tone being imparted to the room by windows of stained glass. In this block there are sixty fine bedrooms and private sitting-rooms en suite, the sanitary arrangements throughout being perfect. The conservatory, enclosing rows of palms, ferns, and azaleas, &c., forms a great ornament at the head of the staircase. The wants of the quiet reader are well provided for in the lending library at the end of the corridor, replete with all interesting works.

The billiard-room on the basement area, lit by windows of stained glass, is a source of constant attraction, having a lavatory adjoining and a fine table by Messrs. Burroughes & Watts, the famous makers to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales. Near by is a well-fitted recreation room containing a black-and-gold piano by Bechstein, the floor being well adapted for dances; and it is here also that the private theatricals are held. The foregoing summary of the main aspects of the hotel at Queen Square also apply to those conducted by Mrs. Francis at Bennett Street and Queen’s Parade. Mrs. Francis herself resides at the Bennett Street Hotel, and is much esteemed for the genial and ladylike attentions she invariably devotes to her guests. The whole hotels are under the practical management of Mr. and Mrs. Ponter, the cuisine department being regulated by a competent staff under the charge of an experienced chef. Carriages of every description are provided, and on all points of merit, whether of convenience, fare, attentiveness, moderation in tariff, careful routine, or charming situation, Mrs. Francis’s private hotels must constitute delightful centres for all who can appreciate the important attractions of genuine home comfort and pleasant social environment.

CHARLES WADMAN, STEAM LOO-TABLE MANUFACTURER AND TIMBER MERCHANT,
LOWER JAMES STREET, BATH.

[Note: A loo table is a circular table once used for playing the card game “loo,” the hinged top folds upright for easy storage.]

THIS undertaking was founded in 1850 near the present location, and it was in 1858 that the present premises were acquired. The building occupied rises to a height of five storeys, and is finely built of substantial Bath stone, the offices, workshops, show-rooms, timber-yard, and machinery departments covering an area of about an acre. Of the mechanical equipment perhaps-' the most important feature is a vertical engine by Bush & Co., of Bristol, representing a capacity of twenty horse-power. In keeping with the varied character of the work here turned out there are brought into operation circular saws of all sizes, including a powerful horizontal saw for large logs, and band-saw, planing and moulding machines, turning-lathes, &c., together with a lathe for turning square legs, one hundred of which can by skilful workmen be produced at one time. There is also a complete set of rails for ordinary staircase, together with all the requisite machinery and equipments peculiar to a large cabinet-making industry.

There is a large workshop on the ground floor about two hundred feet in depth, containing an immense number of work-benches. The first floor is largely appropriated to the storage of finished goods in mahogany, walnut, rosewood, and satinwood, beautiful specimens of inlaid work being exhibited here, and the tables, sideboards, and overmantels being of the superior finish for which Mr. Wadman’s work has everywhere become known. The floor above holds a large stock of work already finished waiting the operations of the polisher. The next floor is that in which the work of polishing and finishing is carried on, containing several remarkably fine specimens of pollard oak sideboards and overmantels with magnificent grain; also drawing-room tables in Amboyna or Thuya wood, imported from Spain and India. The proprietor’s special skill in the elaboration of easychairs in saddle-bags is here illustrated by choice examples, the chairs being fitted with patent Arab springs and also with two powerful screws in the arms which are easily operated to enable the sitter to recline comfortably without the slightest trouble in adaptation. The proprietor’s special ingenuity in the manufacture of adaptable articles of this kind has been particularly and successfully exemplified in the new patent music-stool, which can be raised or lowered without a screw. The output of this speciality has been enormous. Upwards of three thousand have been taken by leading firms, and at the Adelaide Exhibition of 1887 Mr. Wadman received the First Prize Order of Merit for excellence in music-stools and tables. A similar award was also received for music-stools at the International Exhibition at Melbourne in 1888.

In the branches of work indicated, and as mahogany merchant and wholesale cabinet manufacturer, Mr. Wadman operates for a trade which has constituents throughout the whole of England, Scotland, and South Wales. Most of his employes are workmen of the first order, and the fact that many of them have been in his service for upwards of thirty-five years is a sufficient proof of the terms of goodwill existing between them and the proprietor.

GROSVENOR COLLEGE FOR LADIES,
GROSVENOR, BATH

THE history of the Grosvenor College is an interesting one. The building was originally constructed for a hotel in the early part of the present century, but was never used as such. As a structure erected in anticipation of public comfort, its dimensions are of a spacious description. The present dining-room was laid out as an open bar, and its location close to the river made it undoubtedly a good site for parties by water as well as by road. It was first devoted to school purposes by Dr. Godfrey, who opened a college for young gentlemen. The age of the building is fairly well ascertained by a stained-glass window in the entrance-hall bearing the Royal coat-of-arms with the date 1837, and this memorial of a Royal visit is explained by the tradition that King William IV. was once entertained here; and since its acquisition some twelve years ago by its present lady principal it has become a much-favoured and well-appreciated home for young ladies desirous of acquiring a thoroughly practical education under the best and most attractive conditions.

Since 1879 upwards of seven hundred certificates have (without reference to any other awards) been gained by pupils from the Grosvenor College. The lady principal is ably assisted by Mr. Lock and a staff of English, French, and German governesses, besides visiting masters. The syllabus comprehends all modern accomplishments, and the standing of the pupils is of the first order, embracing daughters of the English nobility, clergy, doctors, and officers of the army. Especial consideration continues to be devoted towards preparing pupils for special examinations, and the principal pays marked attention to the training of scholars with full regard to the requirements of their ultimate vocation.

The pleasant location of the house in the very heart of Grosvenor, and the fact that the tramway lines run direct from the Great Western Railway Station to the very door, need scarcely be emphasised. The grounds are extensive and absolutely private, and in some parts are laid out for the enjoyment of tennis and other games, while the proximity of the river affords further scope for healthful recreation. It may be added that the art of swimming is largely practised. The accommodation of the house enables the principal to board some eighty or ninety lady pupils, while a large number of day scholars also attend, and thus the educational advantages of the Grosvenor College are made available to an extensive regular scholarship. The handsome assembly room is utilised as the scene of the matinees and exhibitions of the school, and these reunions are at all times representative of the high attainments gained by the pupils, as they are an important index of the quality and tone of the education provided. Few teachers axe more popular with their pupils than Mrs. Lock, whose kindly methods of instruction are those which a long association with school life of a superior class has dictated, and whose personal acquisitions an LL.A. degree and numerous first-class certificates tend to confirm.

THOMAS BUSH, LITHOGRAPHER, COPPER-PLATE AND GENERAL PRINTER,
4, FOUNTAIN BUILDINGS, LANSDOWN ROAD, BATH.

THE oldest concern in this important trade in the city of Bath is that conducted by Mr. Thomas Bush, which has now been in existence for over three-quarters of a century, having been originally founded by a Mr. Hollway, from whose successor the business was acquired some twenty- three years ago by the gentleman whose name prefixes this brief notice. The premises occupied comprise a building of four storeys, containing ample accommodation for the several departments. The works are replete with the most improved plant and machinery of modern construction, and a staff of competent hands are employed in the various departments, under the immediate personal supervision of the principal and his two sons, whose thoroughly practical experience of the trade is evidenced in every detail of the arrangements. The class of work undertaken by Mr. Bush includes every branch of lithographic, copper-plate, and general letterpress printing in circulars, monthly registers, business and address cards, pamphlets, programmes, illuminated addresses, and other high-class productions, executed with the artistic finish and uniformly excellent standard of workmanship for which the house has been so long and justly noted. A substantial and steadily progressive trade has been successfully built up by the proprietor and his predecessors in the control, the business in each department being of the most valuable and influential order, and a widespread connection being maintained in all parts of the city and district. The concern is admirably conducted with marked energy and enterprise, and in the capable hands of the principal fully sustains the time-honoured prestige so long associated with the records of this old-established and deservedly prosperous business undertaking.

GUNN’S CEREAL FOOD MANUFACTURING COMPANY, LIMITED,
VICTORIA MILLS AND BISCUIT WORKS, BATH.

OF the numerous and important industries that have their headquarters in and around the ancient city of Bath, one of the most noteworthy is that carried on by Gunn’s Cereal Food Manufacturing Company, Limited, at the Victoria Mills and Biscuit Works. Founded in 1840 at Banbury, this extensive business has occupied its present fine premises since 1886, and is under the control of a limited company, the manager of which is Mr. Oscar Witcombe, a gentleman whose energetic and enterprising methods of administration have done much to promote the success of the undertaking. At the present time the business is one of the largest of its kind in the Kingdom, and all its operations are carried on under the most favourable conditions at the Victoria Mills, where the Company are very extensively engaged in the manufacture of a number of specialities, including their celebrated oatmeal, rolled white oats, infants’ food, and golden wheatlets for puddings, custards, blancmange, &c. Another special product of the establishment is that known as “Digestive Breakfast Cereals,” an entirely new breakfast dish, strongly recommended by all those who have been unable to assimilate ordinary oatmeal. The Company’s Scotch oatmeal is the finest it is possible to produce, and is in great demand in the trade. Customers’ own names are printed on the bags free for orders of two hundredweight and upwards.

Gunn’s “Food of Life” is one of the most valuable of the Company’s specialities from a dietetic point of view. Of this article, Dr. McKenzie, M.A., M.B., C.M., says:— “With no other food have I observed such good results in infants as with Gunn’s ‘Food of Life.’ ” Mr. Andrew Wilson, in his journal, Health, Nov. 8th, 1889, wrote:— “Gunn’s ‘Food of Life’ is a highly nutritious preparation, containing all the nutrient principles of the oat, and therefore possessing both the nitrogenous and non-nitrogenous principles necessary for the sustenance of the body.” Another valuable speciality of the Company is Gunn’s Rolled White Wheat, which makes an appetising and nourishing porridge, far more delicate than oatmeal. Gunn’s Digestine (which comes under the classification of a patent medicine) is a simple, pure, and active specific, invaluable for indigestion, constipation, and debility. In addition to the above-named articles of special importance, the attention of our readers may, with advantage, be directed to the following excellent productions of this enterprising Company:— Gunn’s (warranted pure) Cornflours; Gunn’s Specially Prepared Poultry Mixture, Game Meal, and Pheasant Meal; Gunn’s Horse Porridge, particularly good for a feed after a long journey; Gunn’s Meat Dog Biscuits and Oatmeal Dog Biscuits; Gunn’s Summer Feed for Hounds; Best London and County Graves, bonemeal for pheasants, feeding rices, &c., &c. Special attention is due to the fact that all the Company’s goods are well packed, and the trade should note that they will bear a good profit, and have been the means of securing fresh customers wherever they are stocked.

The Company’s mills and works are admirably arranged and equipped, and contain a valuable plant of special steam-power machinery for the manufacture of the various products to which we have referred. Everything is in splendid order throughout the works, where absolute cleanliness and systematic methods prevail, and the establishment is capable of an immense output, as indeed, is very necessary when the extent and volume of the Company’s trade is considered. Large stocks are held in the warehouses adjoining the works, so as to ensure the prompt execution of orders as received, and the Great Western and Midland Railways afford excellent facilities of transport in addition to the existing waterway communication.

Besides conducting a home trade which extends to all parts of England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales, the Company export largely to the Continent, the West Indies, and Australia. They supply most of the leading hunts in England and the sporting world generally, and have been honoured with a special appointment to Her Majesty the Queen. Prize medals have been awarded to the Company at the Universal Food and Cookery Exhibition at London, 1892; and a certificate of merit was gained at the Melbourne Exhibition of 1888. The wonderful improvements and valuable discoveries made in modern times in the preparation of cereal food stuffs are strikingly exemplified in the operations of this thriving concern, and we strongly recommend the trade to send for samples and quotations of the Company’s specialities, which have achieved unequivocal success wherever they have been introduced. The affairs of Gunn’s Cereal Food Manufacturing Company, Limited, are governed by a board of directors. As we have already stated, Mr. Oscar Witcombe is the manager, and the arduous duties of general management in connection with such a large and comprehensive concern are most capably and successfully performed by this gentleman, whose knowledge of the trade is of an exhaustive and thoroughly practical character.
Telegrams should be addressed: “Gunn, Bath.”

BATH STONE WORKS,
SYDENHAM WHARF, LOWER BRISTOL ROAD, BATH.
HENRY W. BLADWELL (LATE JOSEPH BLADWELL), PROPRIETOR.

NEVER was the beautiful stone which is produced in the Bath quarries in more general demand by distinguished architects and eminent contractors than at the present time. And never, therefore, were the services which this firm renders to the building world more appreciated than now. Mr. Bladwell conducts a business for supplying the Bath stone in forms which are ready for immediate use. His premises, which are conveniently situated at the Sydenham Wharf, Lower Bristol Road, on the banks of the Avon, comprise a spacious stoneyard, with sheds equipped with all the appliances for dressing and moulding Bath stone. A staff of skilled workmen are engaged in these operations. Mr. Bladwell has all the facilities for preparing Bath stone to any design for churches and public buildings of every description. Large quantities of the best qualities of the principal stones of the district are always held in stock, in readiness for all demands. Quotations are given on application, the quality of the stone and workmanship being personally guaranteed by Mr. Bladwell, who is anxious to maintain the high reputation which he has gained. Among the many public buildings for which this firm has supplied Bath stone work may be mentioned:— Downside College, near Bath; Church of Our Lady of the Assumption, Cambridge; St. Michael’s Church, Newcastle- on-Tyne; Bath Abbey groining; Ushan College; Church of Saints Mary and Joseph, Carlisle; St. Andrew’s Church; National Provincial Bank; and St. John’s Church and Priory, Bath; All Saints Church, Weston; Trinity College, Cambridge; &c.
The telegraphic address of the firm is “Bladwell, Sydenham Wharf, Bath.”

J. W. KEEN, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TOBACCONIST,
OLD BRIDGE, BATH.

MR. J. W. KEEN has within the past few months acquired the important business conducted for twenty years by Miss E. Jackson at the Old Bridge. The premises at this address comprise spacious and well-appointed sale warehouse, with excellent show-window in which is arranged with effective taste a choice selection of goods indicating the leading lines and specialities of the trade. The interior is suitably furnished with the necessary requisites for the business, and contains every convenience for carrying out the work of the wholesale and retail departments of the concern. The establishment is well stocked with a wide assortment of high-class and British and foreign cigars in all the favourite brands, Wills’s celebrated packet tobaccos, and other makes of repute, cigarettes, meerschaum, briars and cherry wood pipes, cigar and cigarette cases, walking-sticks, and an infinite variety of smokers requisites and tobacconists’ sundries of every description. A substantial and increasing wholesale trade is in steady operation at the establishment, which, owing to its central position, is also widely patronised by all classes of the public and the numerous holiday visitors to the city. Every article supplied from the establishment is of selected quality and sterling value, in the best condition, and is supplied at exceedingly moderate prices.

CHAS. COLLINS, FANCY BREAD AND BISCUIT BAKER, CORN AND FLOUR FACTOR,
COBURG HOUSE, AND VICTORIA HOUSE, 13 AND 14, WIDCOMBE PARADE, WIDCOMBE, BATH.

THE baking of bread, and biscuits, cakes and confectionery, and their systematic supply, along with, corn, seeds, household flours, and kindred articles of diet in daily demand, finds an able representative and exponent at the important district of Widcombe in the person of Mr. Charles Collins, who opened his prosperous business at Coburg House, 3 and 4, Coburg Place, over twenty years ago, and, about two years since, inaugurated his second depot at Victoria House, 13 and 14, Widcombe Parade, in order to give full scope to his rapidly expanding trade. Both premises are in the form of spacious double shops, elegantly appointed throughout in the best modern style, and always invitingly stocked with the plain and fancy breads and biscuits, cakes and confectionery, and kindred toothsome delicacies, including the celebrated Bath buns and Bath Oliver biscuits, for which Mr. Collins has long been famous; and each is provided with a well-equipped modern hygienic bakery, where everything used is exclusively of the best quality, is manipulated by expert bakers, and is maintained in a condition of perfect purity and commendable cleanliness. At Victoria House Mr. Collins holds a wine licence, and keeps a select stock of all the choicest and most popular of British and foreign liquors, and a fine stock of the noted packets of Horniman’s Pure Teas; while at Coburg House to the teas are added specialities in corn, flour, seeds, and meals of every description. The business is indeed in a splendid condition of progressive development, being accounted the leading one of its kind in the district; and the house stands high in the estimation of a very widespread and influential family and general connection, by reason of the sound methods and honourable principles which have always characterised its business transactions.

FRIESE, GREENE, & CO., ARTISTIC PHOTOGRAPHERS,
34, GAY STREET, BATH.
UNDER DISTINGUISHED PATRONAGE.

THIS excellently organised and admirably conducted business was established fifteen years ago, and ever since has deservedly attracted a large amount of patronage from the leading residents in the city, as well as from many of the most noble and distinguished county families in the surrounding districts. The business, artistically as well as commercially, is now under the control of Mr. W. H. Davis, who is thoroughly conversant with all the branches of his profession, and gives very careful attention to the varying requirements of his patrons. The premises, which are centrally situated in Gay Street, are provided with a well-appointed reception-room, dressing-room, and an exceptionally well-lighted studio — all of which apartments have the distinct advantage of being on the ground floor. The speciality of the firm consists in their beautifully executed enlargements on china. They likewise produce platinotypes, carbons, and all the other most attractive novelties of practical photography. Their groups and views of landscapes and domestic interiors are much admired by connoisseurs, and Mr. Davis possesses every facility for taking photographs at the residences of customers.

GEORGE WHITING, IRONMONGER, CUTLER AND SAW MANUFACTURER,
49, WALCOT STREET, BATH.

THE records of this well-known concern extend back to nearly three-quarters of a century ago when the business was originally founded by the late Mr. Hill, who was subsequently succeeded by the present proprietor in 1873. Mr. Whiting’s handsome and commodious establishment is centrally situated, and is admirably adapted for the effective display of the extensive stock both in the fine plate-glass windows and in the spacious and well-furnished interior. On entering, the first feature of interest is the bold and pertinent query, “Why are Whiting’s knives like the British Army?” to which the obvious reply, “Because they cannot be beaten,” is appended. Further inspection of the varied and comprehensive stock will furnish many interesting novelties which may justly be classified as specialities of the house. Among these may be indicated the contents of some of the show-cases, one of which contains a unique production of the cutler’s craft in the form of a pocket-knife combining no fewer than one hundred and twenty-eight single blades, for every conceivable purpose, which was wrought by one of the leading Sheffield houses to the order of the late proprietor, and has been on exhibition since the business was founded. In another show-case is a splendid example of Sheffield ingenuity in a pair of scissors, eighteen inches in length, wrought from a single piece of steel, which in beauty and finish of workmanship would be difficult to match. Side by side with this novel article are half a dozen pairs of Lilliputian scissors, three quarters of an inch long, forming a striking contrast with the larger pair.

The establishment is replete in each department with the finest qualities of table and pocket cutlery, saws, tools, and general ironmongery of every description, for which the house has so long been celebrated. In the rear are spacious workshops, fully equipped with the necessary plant and appliances for the manufacturing, repairing, and grinding departments, in which the services of a staff of competent and experienced hands are employed. Some idea of the magnitude and extent of Mr. Whiting’s trade in this department may be indicated from the fact that between four hundred and five hundred knives and other articles of cutlery are ground weekly on the premises. A substantial and progressive trade of the most valuable and influential order is in steady operation at the establishment, under the personal supervision of the principal, whose lifelong practical experience in each branch of the industry affords an ample assurance for the maintenance of the time-honoured reputation for superior standard of quality and excellence which has for so many years past been associated with every class of goods supplied from this old and eminently representative house.

MRS. H. G. SOLLIS, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL FRUITERER,
13, BRIDGE STREET, AND NEW MARKET ROW, BATH.

FOR upwards of a hundred years this establishment has maintained its high reputation—always in the hands of the Sollis family, who have supplied more than three generations of the most distinguished families in the district with everything in the shape of fruit that has been introduced on the English market. Mrs. Sollis, who is now the principal of the firm, is the widow of the recently deceased proprietor, and possesses a thorough practical knowledge of all the branches of the trade. The commodious premises occupy a commanding corner site, at the junction of Bridge Street and New Market Row, with another spacious shop in the Row, communicating, internally, with the rest of the premises, and devoted to the sale of kitchen-garden produce. The elegant and ample plate-glass show windows of the main establishment always display a magnificent assortment of fruit and flowers, arranged in a tastefully artistic manner. The roomy interior, which is handsomely appointed and decorated in harmonious keeping with the high class of the business, is large enough to permit of the carefully systematic classification and arrangement of the large and ever-varying stocks which are always held in readiness for all demands. The principal shop contains, as a rule, enormous quantities of oranges and lemons, Mr. Sollis having made a speciality of these fruits. Here may be seen, too, the choicest specimens of such delicacies as pineapples, plantains, tangerines, and choice hot-house grapes. Mrs. Sollis has also a high reputation for her large and direct importations of rare nuts from Texas and Madeira. Many other descriptions of fresh and tinned fruits seldom met with in the English market, are to be found here.

An important department in the business is that of cut flowers, which are supplied for all sorts of public and private festive occasions. In the making up of wreaths, crosses, bridal and other bouquets, and nosegays, the most refined taste is displayed. Much of the notable success which has been achieved by the house is due to the observation of the inflexible rule of supplying none but the very best qualities of goods in each department. The management, too, have always shown a close attention to the special requirements of each customer, which has resulted in gaining the unreserved confidence of a large circle of regular patrons, which includes many of the leading residents in Bath as well as visitors to the city, and a large number of the most distinguished county families in the district. The lead which this old-established firm obtained, in point of priority of date, has always been kept, and the house has always been the first of its class in the city. Mrs. Sollis, it should be noted, is careful to keep up the reputation of the house by care in such details as promptitude in the execution of all orders placed with her, and the delivery of fruit and flowers in such condition that their beauty and freshness are unimpaired. So great is the magnitude of the firm’s operations as importers of the highest class of foreign fruit that their reputation in the trade extends throughout a wide and ever-extending area, and they control a large wholesale business.

EDWARD PEACOCK & SONS, FISHMONGERS, POULTERERS, GAME AND VENISON DEALERS, AND ICE MERCHANTS,
14, UNION STREET, BATH.
Telephone No. 7.

ORGANISED in the year 1853 by Mr. Edward Peacock, as a first-class fish, game, poultry, and ice supply stores, this representative business has since 1891 been vigorously promoted, under the modified style and title designated above, by the founder’s sons, Mr. Edward George Peacock, a member of the Bath City Council, Mr. Edward E. Peacock, and Mr. Albert E. Peacock. The records of the house show that its commercial development has been both rapid and continuous from the very commencement, and doubtless the most effectual way in which to indicate its true character, scope, and aims would be to give a concise descriptive sketch of the establishment, and to supplement this with a few observations upon the nature of the operations there being carried on.

The premises occupied are in every point of character and situation precisely adapted to the requirements of a brisk business of the kind. They comprise a spacious shop, extending backwards as far as Union Passage at the rear, and appointed throughout in the best modern style, with marble walls, marble counters and slabs, and everything in perfect accordance with current sanitary improvements; while opposite, in Union Passage, there is a well-constructed warehouse for ice. Messrs. Peacock & Sons’ connections and facilities are such as to enable them to secure the pick of the markets, and to keep their customers, principally among the leading local families and hotels, well supplied with the best fresh fish, English and foreign game, venison, poultry, and ice in season, and at reasonable prices. The business is, indeed, a conspicuous example of substantial success worthily achieved, and all its characteristics are those of a house whose nature has been influenced and whose methods have been formed by a constant connection with an essentially superior class of trade.

A. G. HAYWARD, WORKING JEWELLER AND GOLDSMITH, PRACTICAL WATCH AND CLOCK MAKER, &C.,
16, GREEN STREET, BATH.

THIS business is of recent establishment, Mr. Hayward having commenced operations last year, after concluding a lengthened engagement with the eminent firm of Messrs. Mallett & Son, of this city, where he had advantageous opportunities of acquiring a thoroughly sound and practical knowledge of every branch of the trade in which he is now engaged. The premises occupied by Mr. Hayward are centrally situated at 16, Green Street, and are well adapted for the developing business carried on there. In the windows are displayed a large variety of gold and silver watches, elegant clocks and timepieces, gold, silver, and gem jewellery, spectacles, eye-glasses, and other optician’s specialities, and the largest assortment of the latest novelties at the lowest prices in the city. Special attention is given to the prompt and efficient execution of all kinds of watch, clock, jewellery and optical repairs, which are carried out on the premises by competent hands at remarkably reasonable charges compatible with the exceptionally high standard of workmanship employed in this department. This fact speaks for itself — Mr. Hayward in the last twelve months worked for ten of the principal watchmakers and jewellers in the city. Mr. Hayward also undertakes the winding and regulating of public and private clocks on contract or other terms, and in each branch of the business has been successful in securing the confidence and support of a widespread and highly influential circle of patronage amongst the residents and visitors in the city and surrounding districts. The business is ably carried out under the personal supervision of the principal, whose thoroughly expert knowledge of the trade and courteous attention to the requirements of all classes of visitors have secured, for the establishment a substantial and well-deserved measure of commercial success and public support.

F. W. BASCOMB & CO., HAY, STRAW, CORN, AND SALT MERCHANTS,
35, WALCOT STREET, BATH.

THIS prominent firm commenced business at the above address about three years ago, and has during that limited period secured a very substantial standing in the ranks of local commercial enterprise. The premises in Walcot Street comprise spacious double-fronted sale warehouse, with office and stores, containing every convenience for the storage of the extensive stocks of the various classes of provender held by the firm. These include the best qualities of hay, straw, corn, and salt, oats, maize, barley, wheat, and other feeding stuffs, carefully selected from the leading produce markets to meet the requirements of a trade of this character. An important feature of the business is the preparation of poultry feeds, a department in which the firm has established a widespread reputation, this speciality having been successfully introduced by the proprietor a short time since, and is now acknowledged one of the best articles of this kind in the market. Convincing evidence of the superiority of Messrs. Bascomb & Co.’s poultry feeds is supplied by the fact that the head of the firm obtained in one year no fewer than thirty thousand eggs from two hundred and twenty fowls fed on this preparation. The firm also supplies all kinds of requisites for poultry breeders and fanciers, in the form of improved cages and other appliances, of which they have always a large variety on hand. Additional accommodation is also provided at the extensive stores at 3 and 4, New Quay, where the firm owns large warehouses for the storage of reserve stocks of produce necessary to meet the demands of the steadily progressive trade in course of development by the proprietor. Messrs. Bascomb & Co. are extensive buyers of this class of produce in the leading local markets, and by consistently maintaining a uniform standard of superior quality in all goods purveyed have secured a substantial measure of support and continued confidence from the principal horse, cattle, and poultry owners in the city and the surrounding districts.

E. LANSDOWN, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL CHINA, GLASS, EARTHENWARE AND GENERAL DEALER, AND IMPORTER OF FOREIGN GOODS,
46, SOUTHGATE STREET, BATH.

THE above business was originally founded at this address in 1850 by Mr. T. Lansdown, and was acquired in 1890 by the present sole proprietor, Mr. E. Lansdown, who has since successfully carried on the concern. The premises occupied by this gentleman are centrally situated at the above address, and comprise handsome and commodious shop, with extensive double frontage, two large plate-glass windows being effectively utilised for an attractive display of the high-class goods which constitute the leading lines of the varied and comprehensive stock. The show-rooms are replete with a splendid selection of goods in all the newest and most artistic designs in dinner, tea, and dessert services, table and ornamental glassware, elegant toilet sets, and every description of household and domestic utensils in earthenware from the leading makers in the Kingdom. Mr. Lansdown also submits for inspection an exceptionally choice display of ornamental articles of superior make in china, Bohemian glass, &c., suitable for local souvenirs and presents. Mr. Lansdown makes a speciality of china goods, such as cups, mugs, jugs, teapots, plates, &c., &c., with views on of the most noted places in Bath, which are largely purchased by visitors and excursionists to the city; also a large variety of toys at prices to suit all.

A special feature of the proprietor’s trade is the supply of every description of licensed victuallers’ and publicans’ furnishing, in Government-stamped ware, glasses, bottles, measures, and other requirements of the trade, for which exceedingly moderate prices are quoted; and Mr. Lansdown also lends out on hire every kind of glass, china, and table appointments for banquets and other social functions. An extensive wholesale and retail trade is in steady operation at this establishment, a widespread connection having been secured by the proprietor and his predecessor in all parts of the district, which includes the leading resident gentry, hotel and restaurant proprietors, and all classes of the general inhabitants of the city and the suburbs. The business is admirably managed under the personal supervision of the principal, whose thoroughly practical experience in the trade ensures the highest efficiency in carrying out every detail of the management of this old-established and deservedly prosperous concern.

THE FERNLEY TEMPERANCE HOTEL
(PROPRIETRESSES, M. E. AND A. N. PEAK),
NORTH PARADE, BATH.

DURING the many years of its existence, the Fernley Temperance Hotel has always maintained the reputation which has ever been well deserved, of being the leading house of its class in Bath. In October, 1892, the control of the house passed to M. E. and A. N. Peak, who brought to their enterprise a thorough knowledge of hotel management, and under whose energetic administration the prestige of the house will doubtless be enhanced. Situated in one of the most attractive parts of Bath, the premises occupied as the hotel formed, it is supposed, during some portion of the last century, the town house of the Earl of Bedford. The commodious building has been admirably adapted to its present requirements, and holds a commanding position in North Parade, opposite to the beautiful Institution Gardens in the main thoroughfare from the city to the railway station, and in close proximity to the Abbey, Pump-Room, Mineral Baths, and the recently discovered Roman Baths. The accommodation includes a good commercial-room, drawing-room, dining-room, smoking-room, and a number of well-ventilated bedrooms, also convenient suites of private rooms for the use of visitors. The furnishing and appointments throughout are handsome, and afford all that can be desired in the way of comfort. The proprietresses give their personal and assiduous supervision to all the details in the administration of the establishment. A large and completely representative stock is always held of aerated and mineral waters. Probably the most noteworthy characteristic of the hotel is the uniform excellence of its cuisine. For those who desire quiet and comfort combined with moderate charges in their temporary homes, there is no better house in Bath than the Fernley Temperance Hotel.

FREDERICK ELLIOT, BOOT AND SHOE MANUFACTURER,
48, SOUTHGATE STREET, BATH.

THIS energetically conducted and prosperous business was originally established by Mr. Knight in 1878. The excellent family connection which he created was, with the business, taken over by Mr. Elliot in 1891, and in the interval he has succeeded in very considerably extending it. The premises, which occupy a commanding position in the busiest part of Southgate Street, have a fine facade, with an ample plate-glass display window, whose exhibits of elegantly designed and beautifully finished boots and shoes constitute an attractive feature in the thoroughfare. Here is always to be seen a good outside display of the cheaper kinds of foot coverings. The interior is handsomely appointed, and contains a most varied and comprehensive stock of ladies’, gentlemen’s, and children’s boots and shoes, suitable for every kind of wear. These, having regard to the excellence of their quality, are quoted at remarkably moderate prices. To the rear is a fitting-room for ladies, furnished with every regard to the convenience of customers. Adjoining the show-room and sale-shop is a spacious and well-ventilated work-room, with accommodation for an efficient staff of workmen, who are employed under the supervision of the principal in the manufacture of boots and shoes to order, and in repairing to which department particular attention is paid. In connection with his order department Mr. Elliot has a thorough anatomical knowledge of the construction of the foot, in so far as it bears upon the intelligent practice of his calling, and he is, therefore, able to guarantee absolute accuracy in the execution of any orders for the making of boots required for special surgical purposes. His stock, it should be added, is well known to many of the ladies of Bath as being particularly rich in its assortment of fancy slippers.

GANDY & SON, CIVIL, NAVAL, AND MILITARY TAILORS,
9, GEORGE STREET, BATH.

IN connection with the higher branches of ladies’ and gentlemen’s tailoring in the fashionable city of Bath there is no house, perhaps, that is possessed of a higher reputation, or one that has been more capably sustained for such a long period, as the well-known firm of Messrs. Gandy & Son, of 9, George Street. Organised in the year 1806, and subsequently developed under the able auspices of Mr. T. Gandy, an active member of the Bath Board of Guardians, who has now retired from the active part of the business, the establishment is at present under the sole proprietary control of his son and former partner, Mr. T. J. Gandy, trading under the style and title designated above. The spacious, double-fronted shop, with its fitting-room at the rear, is brilliantly illuminated by the electric light, and is admirably appointed throughout in the best modern style, to hold and effectively display a complete and comprehensive stock of all the best and most fashionable fabrics for the season’s wear.

Naval and military uniforms, and complete outfits for officers joining their regiments at home, and those about to proceed to India or abroad; clerical garb, gentlemen’s fashionable attire for all occasions, such as hunting outfits, riding breeches and trousers, tourists’ and shooting suits, ladies’ riding habits and jackets, including Gandy’s noted specialities in the form of the new “Eclipse,” safety habit skirt, and hand-knitted pantaloons (which are fast superseding breeches), and servants’ liveries of every kind are all included in Messrs. Gandy’s every-day productions; and in every instance these garments are made with the utmost accuracy, either as regards established regulation, or the fashion for the time being, and are turned out in a state of perfection in all essential characteristics of style, fit, good taste, and faultless finish. The workmanship, moreover, is the best that can be secured by the employment of none but reliable and expert craftsmen, who work on the premises, and the large and liberal support (drawn principally from the leading local families, and aristocracy and gentry throughout the West of England) enjoyed by the firm is ample evidence of the fact that their efforts, quite as much in the public interest as in their own, have not failed to meet with deserved appreciation and support.

MR. J. C. EGERTON, R.A.S., PORTRAIT AND LANDSCAPE PAINTER,
ART STUDIO, 18, MILSOM STREET, BATH.

AS A branch of ordinary education, the art of drawing and painting is unquestionably one of the greatest importance in general culture, and apart from the advantages it confers from a utilitarian viewpoint upon the handicraftsman or scientist, is a study that becomes so fascinating as to be worthy of being ardently followed for its own sake. Hence, it is particularly interesting, in this connection, to meet with an institution of such high standing as that of Mr. J. C. Egerton, in the city of Bath, where pupils are carefully trained under his personal supervision. Mr. Egerton, having been a student at the Royal Academy Schools of London, and won his laurels as an artist of considerable merit, and having executed many commissions for portraits among the local nobility and gentry, opened his now popular school of art in the city of Bath about four years ago, and has occupied his present fine atelier and class-rooms in Milsom Street for the past two years, where every facility, convenience, and encouragement is courteously extended to pupils.

Mr. Egerton’s comprehensive programme runs as follows:— The subjects taught are:— Drawing and painting in oils and water-colours, figure or landscape, pastels, drawing from cast, still life, model and freehand, &c. Systematic classes are held on Wednesdays and Saturdays, from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m. at a fee, in advance, of three guineas1 per quarter. On Mondays and Thursdays, also from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m., special life classes from draped figure are available at four guineas per quarter. Private lessons, moreover, are given at five shillings per hour, and during the summer months sketching classes are conducted. As already indicated, Mr. Egerton undertakes commissions in portrait painting, and has won the respect and liberal support of a large and. highly influential clientele, as much by reason of his marked ability as a teacher as for his many estimable personal qualities.

COLLINS & SON, BOOKSELLERS, STATIONERS AND NEWSAGENTS,
POST OFFICE, 4, MARGARET’S BUILDINGS, BROCK STREET, BATH.

ORGANISED in the year 1856, at its present eligible premises, under the able auspices of Mrs. Collins, and taken over by its present proprietors in the year 1889, the commercial development of this representative business has been both rapid and continuous from the very commencement. The spacious double-fronted shop is elegantly appointed throughout in the best modern style, one moiety being reserved as a fully-equipped branch Post-Office, with money order and savings bank included; and the other being most methodically arranged to hold and effectively display a complete and comprehensive stock of superior goods, composed of books, plain, commercial and fancy stationery, and stationers’ sundries of every kind; a vast variety of the fancy goods incidental to a modern first-class stationer’s depot; and a special newspaper and periodical supply department, from whence the Times and other leading daily papers, received by the earliest trains, are promptly delivered to customers. The business is in a splendid condition of development and progressive prosperity, and the large and liberal city and district patronage enjoyed by the firm is ample evidence of the fact that their efforts have not failed to meet with deserved appreciation and support.

TREADWIN DOBBS, THE POTTERY GALLERIES,
20, MILSOM STREET, BATH.

THE well-known establishment which forms the subject of this brief sketch is one of the most attractive in Bath, and is the headquarters of a highly interesting and attractive business which was founded in George Street over a century ago. The concern remained under the control of Mr. Hick and his family for over sixty years, and was eventually acquired by the present sole proprietor, Mr. Treadwin Dobbs, about three years ago. Very handsome and commodious premises are occupied at the above address in Milsom Street. The principal show-room, on the ground floor, is one hundred and thirty feet in length, well fixtured, and lighted from the roof, and with every convenience for the advantageous display of goods. Mr. Dobbs holds one of the finest stocks of its kind in the Kingdom, and his many beautiful specimens of ceramic art deserve to be exhibited under the most favourable conditions. At the rear of the main show-room there is a large saloon devoted to glassware, and beyond this again are commodious stores. The first floor contains two fine rooms handsomely adorned with mirrors, by means of which the brilliancy of the wonderful show of goods here on view is greatly enhanced.

It may be said without hesitation that Mr. Treadwin Dobbs’s stock of china and glass is one of the very largest and most complete in the West of England, and in point of genuine artistic interest and variety it would indeed be difficult to surpass it. The range of choice afforded to patrons of this house is unusually wide, extending from cheap but reliable goods up to the most expensive wares, such as choice examples of Worcester or Crown Derby. Mr. Treadwin Dobbs makes leading specialities of all the newest productions in Worcester ivory ware, comprising vases, ornaments, figures, &c., and also of Crown Derby ware in fancy goods and sets. He also shows many fine specimens of Doulton, Sevres, and Limoges ware, Dresden figures and groups, ivory and “Bulrush.” ware, reproductions of Palissy figures, new polychrome ware (an elegant Devonshire production), artistic glass ornaments from the famous glass-works of Stourbridge, Hungarian perforated ware, Old Spode china, &c.

Besides the above the visitor who makes the tour of the Milsom Street Pottery Galleries will see many other highly interesting objects, such as grand designs in glass candelabra, antique Oriental vases, antique plate, bronzes, old silver goods, fruit and flower stands, jardinieres, jugs, &c. The stock in the glass department is enormous, and includes a wonderful array of glass ornaments, decanters, services, &c., the cut glass work of English make being remarkably fine. A feature of the upper show-rooms are the tables upon which are set forth complete services of Worcester, Doulton, and Crown Derby wares, thus affording opportunities for observing the splendid harmony of design and colouring that distinguishes these high-class productions.

Altogether this establishment is one of the finest of its kind in the Kingdom, and has been justly ranked by the entire local press as among the chief sights of Bath. Mr. Treadwin Dobbs is sole agent in Bath for the favourite “Carolus” lamps, which are fitted with extinguishers, and can be lighted without removing the shades. In all departments of his business Mr. Dobbs is doing a large and flourishing trade, goods being sent to every part of the United Kingdom, the Continent, and America. He personally manages the entire business, and brings to bear upon it the sound practical skill and judgment resulting from a long experience in some of the best London houses, Messrs. Mortlock’s, of Oxford Street, among the number. By the exercise of care and discrimination, and by pursuing a thoroughly progressive policy in the matter of introducing novelties, Mr. Treadwin Dobbs has gathered together a stock which will bear comparison with any in the provinces, and has made the old-established Pottery Galleries one of the recognised attractions of fashionable Bath.

THE BATH PAPER MILLS COMPANY, LIMITED,
BATHFORD, NEAR BATH.

THIS Company was formed in 1876, the board of directors consisting principally of Bath gentlemen, with Mr. Thomas Owen, M.P., as chairman, and Mr. T. B. Tabb as managing director. The works at Bathford are known as the “Trevarno Paper Mills,” and are very beautifully situated in one of the most healthful and picturesque suburbs of the city. They are of considerable extent and thoroughly commodious in arrangement, and in point of general organisation and equipment will bear comparison with any paper-mills in the West. The Company manufacture coloured printings, covers, tea-papers, fast blues, E. S. writings, imitation parchment, &c., both glazed and unglazed, and always hold a large stock of standard sizes and weights in these different goods. Their speciality is in Coloured Papers, and in these they have been remarkably successful, producing a class of goods unsurpassed by any other similar manufactures in the West of England. In substance and quality, as well as in surface, finish, and purity of tint, these goods leave nothing to be desired. Another notable speciality of the Company is their imitation vegetable parchment, called “Butter Skin.” This is a remarkably tough, strong, and light paper, with a highly glazed surface and a close general resemblance to parchment. It is found extremely useful by grocers, and is in large demand. The Company employ a large number of hands at the mills, where they have in operation a very valuable modern plant, and all orders from the smallest to the largest can be executed with unfailing promptitude and despatch.

Steam and water furnish the motive power of the mills, and the average output is about eighteen tons of paper per week. All paper is thoroughly examined and tested before being packed, and by taking these precautions the Company uphold their reputation for supplying sound and trustworthy goods. In this way the Company have built up a most important and continuously increasing wholesale business, which extends to all the chief towns in the United Kingdom. The managing director, under whose courteous guidance we had the pleasure of inspecting the whole of the works at Bathford, is untiring in his personal supervision of the establishment. The mills are in a high state of efficiency, and all the processes of this most interesting industry are carried out under the most favourable conditions here. Indeed, the results obtained speak volumes for the perfection of the- methods employed; and in the several classes of paper to which they specially devote their attention the Bath Paper Mills Company have established a standard of excellence which we have not yet seen surpassed in the general course of the trade. Everything connected with the mills is in an eminently satisfactory state, and customers may rely upon their orders, however urgent, being executed with gratifying promptitude. The Company have had a thoroughly successful career as a result of able management and the production of first-class goods; and the increasing trade they are now experiencing augurs well for continued prosperity in the future.

J. J. LEE & SONS, PLAIN AND FANCY CARDBOARD BOX MANUFACTURERS,
3 AND 15, TRIM STREET, BATH.

ONE of the specialistic industries for which Bath has obtained a high reputation throughout the West of England is that of manufacturing plain and fancy cardboard boxes for drapers and others. The large proportions which this industry has assumed form the result of the energetic enterprise of Messrs. J. J. Lee & Sons, who have marvellously developed the business by the adoption of the most systematic and scientific methods. The firm commenced their manufacturing operations in 1870, and the premises which they originally occupied were in Phillips Street, near the Great Western Railway Station. In 1877 they found the volume of their business increasing so rapidly that it became necessary to remove to the more commodious quarters which they now occupy. They comprise a spacious four-storeyed building, the whole of which has been admirably adapted as work-rooms for the several operations of production. The operations of cutting and scoring are performed respectively by the aid of powerful guillotines and rollers, and all other requisite labour-saving mechanical appliances have been provided. A large staff of skilled workers is regularly employed, under the supervision of the principals, who have a thorough grasp of the business, both industrially and commercially.

Messrs. Lee & Sons have recently added to their resources of space the large premises at No. 3, Trim Street, which are utilised as extra work-rooms and as warehouses for storing the large surplus stocks which the firm always hold in readiness for all demands. They produce boxes specially adapted for such different classes of materials as mantles, costumes, millinery, gloves, ribbons, flowers, boots and shoes, and stays and corsets, and they produce to order, and with the utmost promptitude, all kinds of drapers’ boxes. Messrs. Lee & Sons conduct a large retail trade to the city, and their wholesale connection, which is constantly being increased through the recommendations of their customers, extends throughout the whole of the Western counties and South Wales.

THE BEAR BREWERY
(MESSRS. J. DAVIS AND W. HOWLAND, PROPRIETORS),
WELLS ROAD, BATH.

THIS famous old brewery, which is undoubtedly one of the most noteworthy in the West of England, is an extension of an ancient hostelry, the Bear Inn, founded over a hundred years ago by the ancestors of Mr. John Davis, one of the present proprietors. The inn was formerly well and favourably
known among the country people round about, and being situated on the Wells Road, it was a favourite stopping-place for farmers and others coming in to Bath. The popularity of the house was great, and the first local dog-show was held here, while, during the show week of the Bath and West of England Society there have been as many as two hundred horses at one time in the extensive stables and yards. The old inn was also the rendezvous of many clubs, and there may yet be seen the six large boilers or coppers which played such an important part in preparing the substantial repasts served here to large parties of hungry guests in the “good old days” of fifty or sixty years ago, before appetites went out of fashion.

The Bear Inn still exists, but the large space once devoted to yards and stabling is now occupied by the brewery, a handsome and imposing structure built by Mr. W. E. Davis, and extended in 1872 by his son, Mr. J. Davis. We ought to say that the old club-rooms of the inn are still existent, though they are now used as hop stores. The fine old skittle-alley also may yet be seen, fitted with all the conveniences beloved of our forefathers, and it is considered to be the best alley in Bath, even to this day.

As to the Bear Brewery, it is splendidly equipped with a large and highly-efficient plant, and for many years it has maintained a wide reputation for the purity and fine quality of its beers. It has been built and arranged upon the most approved modern principles, and fitted with appliances of the most perfect character, so that every process of the industry is carried out under favourable conditions. The proprietors are thorough masters of the art of brewing, and their long experience and technical skill are well employed in the management of this substantial business, the whole of which comes under their immediate personal supervision. The products of the brewery are old and mild beer, bitter ales, and stout, and in all these a uniform standard of excellence is carefully preserved. Harvest and haying beers are also supplied, and a great reputation has been won for “home-brewed beers,” which are a speciality of the Bear Brewery. The proprietors hold a letter received from Somerset House, and signed by Mr. W. J. Hunt, supervisor, stating that the sample of beer taken from his brewery, and submitted to the Inland Revenue Office analyst, was found to have been brewed from pure malt and hops. All the Bear Brewery beers are so brewed, and are sent out in splendid condition.

A very large and valuable family connection is maintained, both in and around Bath, and the brewery has always plenty of orders in hand, which are all executed with unfailing promptitude and punctuality. The establishment is a prominent feature of the Wells Road, standing within a stone’s throw of the site of the old turnpike gate, and in the main elevation of the lofty brewery building there is a large clock, placed in position by Mr. Davis’s father, and greatly appreciated in the neighbourhood as a reliable recorder of the “time o’ day.”

JAMES PHILLIS, PRACTICAL COACH, ’BUS, AND LIGHT DELIVERY VAN BUILDER,
CORN MARKET YARD COACH WORKS, WALCOT STREET, BATH.

THE above works have been in existence for the last century, and have always had a valuable business connection. This, however, has been very materially increased since 1863, when Mr. James Phillis acquired the business, and began to turn his thorough knowledge of the trade and his exceptional energy to good account. The premises comprise an extensive two-storeyed building, which embraces the whole of one side of the Market Yard. Its interior has been admirably adapted to the several requirements of the business, and it includes well-appointed offices and thoroughly equipped work-rooms. All the industrial departments are fitted up with the mechanical appliances of the most approved modern type. So excellent is the working plant throughout that material economies in labour are effected, and the firm are thereby enabled to compete, on the most favourable conditions as to scales of charges, with any other first-class house in the trade. A large staff of skilled workmen are engaged in the several industrial departments, including expert body-builders, wheelwrights, finishers, painters, varnishers, and trimmers, all under the supervision of the principal, who possesses a sound technical knowledge of all the processes of coachbuilding. Mr. Phillis has facilities for producing every variety of carriage, but he has successfully made a speciality of the manufacture of coaches, omnibuses, and light delivery vans. These are made from most carefully seasoned wood, and bear a standard reputation throughout a wide area for lightness, combined with exceptional strength, fashionable and artistically elegant design, and perfect finish. Very special attention is given to the prompt and skilful execution of repairs, to which a distinct staff of highly experienced and ingenious craftsmen is told off. Mr. Phillis has gained the absolute confidence of many of the most distinguished residents in the city and the surrounding districts, and his connection is continually extending.

YABSLEY’S BATH FINE ART AND PHOTOGRAPHIC DEPOT,
9 AND 10, OLD BOND STREET, BATH

THIS business, although only established some six years, has made such rapid growth that it stands to-day the leading and most popular fine art establishment in the city of Bath. Located at the corner of Old Bond Street and Burton Street, and facing Union Street, the position is unique for the business, and it is impossible for a stranger to enter Bath without being struck with the imposing position of the premises. The spacious shop, which has windows facing Union Street, Old Bond Street, and Burton Street, is augmented by a large show-room on the first floor, and by well-equipped workrooms and stores attached, and is admirably stocked throughout with a choice and rare selection of pictures, comprising oil and water-colour drawings, etchings, and engravings by all the leading artists of the day. Carved, gilded, and oak and walnut picture frames of every kind ready-made, or made to order in any special design, by skilled workmen on the premises. The stock also embraces every description of artists’ requisites, oils and watercolours, canvases, brushes, easels, sketching materials, &c., &c., by all the leading manufacturers, such as Messrs. Winsor & Newton, Geo. Rowney & Co., Robersons, Reeves & Sons, &c. Fine art goods generally, both for decoration and ready decorated, may be found. An enormous stock of studies are kept, which are let out weekly and by subscription for copying, the parcel-post enabling students at a distance to obtain a constant variety of subjects to copy at a very nominal cost.

Mr. Yabsley also makes a leading feature of pyrography, or poker work, a branch of art which has found great favour during the last year or two. By means of a platinum point, which is kept constantly hot by a very simple arrangement, designs can be drawn by it as with a red-hot pencil; photo frames, gypsy tables, stools, small cabinets, and a variety of pretty and useful things can be decorated in this way, looking exceeding effective. Lessons in this work are given on the premises, and a choice variety of articles suitable for working upon are constantly kept in stock. A thoroughly representative stock of photographic apparatus and materials, dry-plates, &c. Mr. Yabsley’s cameras being of the very best, both in workmanship and material, and, being very moderate in price, are well known throughout the whole world as being most reliable, being fitted with all the latest improvements; and in connection with this branch of the business, a capital dark-room and laboratory is maintained for the use of amateurs. Mr. Yabsley’s connections and facilities are of a distinctly superior character, enabling him to offer special advantages to customers in any branch of his business, and thereby enabling him to execute all orders in a prompt and satisfactory manner.

Personally, Mr. Yabsley is well known and highly esteemed in both social and commercial circles as an enterprising, honourable, and thoroughly capable business man; and the large and 1liberal patronage he enjoys is ample evidence of the fact that his efforts, quite as much in the public interest as in his own, have not failed to meet with deserved appreciation and support, and it is manifestly his resolution that the high reputation he has won shall not only be well sustained, but steadily enhanced and consistently developed in days to come.

P. HEAFIELD & CO., THE GLOVE MANUFACTORY,
34, MILSOM STREET, BATH; 20, PARK STREET, BRISTOL; 137, HIGH STREET, CHELTENHAM.

THIS important firm originated at Bath about thirteen years ago, and opened the Bristol establishment in 1889. For the past five years they have also had a flourishing branch at Cheltenham. The business is under the personal administration of Mr. F. Heafield, the sole principal, and is one of the most noteworthy and successful concerns of its kind in this part of the Kingdom. Its special object is to enable the public to obtain first-class gloves at manufacturers’ prices, and to this end the firm supply direct from their own factory, dispensing with the intervention of the “middleman.” The factory is at Bath, and is equipped in the best style. The most skilful hands are employed, aided by the most effective machinery and appliances, and at this establishment a highly interesting and perfect exemplification of the art of glove-making is given. The Bristol house, well situated in Park Street, comprises a handsome and commodious shop, and contains a fine stock of the high-class and thoroughly reliable gloves turned out by this firm, quality of material and character of workmanship being all of the best.

Messrs. F. Heafield & Co. not only manufacture and supply all the usual sizes of gloves for ladies’ and gentlemen’s wear in various styles and materials, but also make gloves to order for special purposes or for deformed hands, paying very careful attention to this important class of work. The works at Bath are always open to inspection, and at stated intervals the processes of glove-making are exhibited in the windows of the Bristol establishment. Messrs. F. Heafield & Co. can fill all orders with the utmost promptitude, having the largest stock of gloves in the West of England; and the variety of their manufactures is so large as to embrace every conceivable kind of glove for ladies’, gentlemen’s, and children’s wear. Perfect fit, correct style, and good finish are always combined with sound materials and workmanship in the production of Messrs. Heafield’s gloves; and this fact will sufficiently explain the widespread demand existing for the firm’s goods. They gained a silver medal at Cheltenham in 1889 for superior excellence. Messrs. Heafield & Co. have customers in nearly all parts of the world, and besides supplying the wants of a very large home trade connection, they ship quantities of their goods to Australia, India, Japan, &c. The business is personally conducted by Mr. F. Heafield, and is making constant progress under his able and vigorous management.

BOWLES, TURPIN & CO., AUCTIONEERS, ESTATE AGENTS, AND ACCOUNTANTS,
41, BROAD STREET, BATH.

IN reviewing the leading professional and business firms of this centre of the West of England, distinctive recognition must be assigned to the important department of commercial activity represented by Messrs. Bowles, Turpin & Co., the well-known auctioneers, estate agents, and accountants, whose extensive and influential practice in the district fully justifies prominent mention in this work. The history of the business extends back nearly half a century ago, the practice having been originally established in 1849 under the style of Messrs. Prior & Co., and was continued for some years in that firm’s name, which was subsequently altered to Prior, Bowles & Co., and on the retirement of the senior partner was carried on by Mr. Bowles, who has been recently joined by Mr. Turpin, the business now being conducted under the title indicated at the head of this notice. The premises occupied by the firm are centrally situated at 41, Broad Street, and comprise handsome block of four-storey buildings, with commanding frontage, conveniently arranged for the purposes of general, clerks’ and principals’ private offices, and affording ample accommodation for the work of the several departments of an extensive business of this character.

Messrs. Bowles, Turpin & Co. undertake every description of general auctioneers’, estate agents’, and accountants’ business, embracing the sale, valuation, and transfer of landed estates, household property, furniture, plate, wines, pictures, and other valuable effects, and auditing of accounts, investigations, trusteeships, and similar work usually included in a practice of this description. In addition to the ordinary departments of the business, both partners hold important appointments in connection with some of the leading commercial undertakings in the district, Mr. Bowles being the secretary of the Bath and West of England Trade Protection Association, and managing director of the Western and Southern Counties Assets Purchase and Finance Corporation, whose head offices are situated at the Broad Street establishment; while Mr. Turpin occupies a similar position in connection with Gunn’s Cereal Food Company, Limited, the Victoria Mills, Bath, the Bath Pavilion Company, Limited, &c. The firm has secured a widespread clientele in each department of their business, amongst whom are included many of the principal landed gentry, property owners, and commercial firms in the West of England, whose influential support has been established by the unremitting and skilful attention devoted by the partners to the interests of those who avail themselves of their able services and professional knowledge. Several clerks are employed in the establishment, under the personal supervision of the individual members of the firm, Mr. Henry W. Bowles and Mr. A. C. Turpin, both gentlemen possessing a thoroughly practical experience in each branch of the profession, eminently qualifying them for the successful management and development of a business concern of this magnitude and increasing importance.

W. WOODBRIDGE, ENGINEER AND MACHINIST,
CORN MARKET ENGINEERING WORKS, WALCOT STREET, BATH.

THE growing reputation of Bath for mechanical engineering enterprise has been considerably enhanced during the last decade by the extensive agricultural and general engineering works established there by Mr. W. Woodbridge. This gentleman carried on business as an engineer for nearly twenty years in Chipping Sodbury, in the neighbouring county of Gloucester, but, recognising the importance of Bath as the centre of a great agricultural district, he transferred the Chipping Sodbury connection to his brother about seven years ago, and founded what are now widely known as the Corn Market Engineering Works in this city. Since then his business, which appears to be admirably organised, has steadily extended and prospered. The commodious premises he occupies are most conveniently situated, the show-rooms in Walcot Street, and the industrial departments in the Corn Market, and are in every respect excellently adapted for engineering enterprise. The locality is a specially appropriate one, having regard to the fact that Mr. Woodbridge’s business largely consists in the supply of agricultural machinery and implements.

In the Corn Market the firm occupy the whole of one side of the building, including the ground and upper floors, together with the ground floor of two other sides. There is thus ample space, of which Mr. Woodbridge avails himself to the full, for the conduct of a large industrial business. The workshops are fitted throughout with all requisite labour- saving machinery, both for the production of original engineering work, and for the repair of every description of agricultural machinery, however complicated. All the working plant is of the most approved modern type, and the firm are, therefore, in a position to compete, on the most favourable terms, with any other high-class engineering house in the same line. Mr. Woodbridge is a practical mechanical engineer of great and varied experience, and he is assisted by an efficient staff of skilled artificers. The firm execute a large amount of gas-engine work, and they are agents for Messrs. Crossley to fix their celebrated “Otto” gas-engines throughout the district. In the well-appointed show-rooms in Walcot Street, Mr. Woodbridge has displayed a large and representative selection of agricultural implements and machinery, which are supplied at manufacturers’ prices. He is careful to obtain and take advantage of all the latest inventions and improvements in these classes of goods, whether of British or American origin. Mr. Woodbridge has already created a most Valuable connection, and it is constantly being extended.

J. A. BLADWELL & CO., SLATE IMPORTERS AND GENERAL BUILDERS’ MERCHANTS,
BROAD QUAY, BATH.
Telegraphic address: “Bladwell, Quay, Bath.”

FEW English concerns represent the trade of the builders’ merchant better than the business at Bath founded nearly half a century ago by Mr. Davey, and now conducted by Messrs. Bladwell under the firm-designation of J. A. Bladwell & Co. Under the guidance of Mr. J. A. Bladwell and his brother the resources of the business have been since ably developed, and to those interested in the trading departments with which it is allied the following general summary of the firm’s stocks may best illustrate the facilities they command for meeting the wants of the building trade. Behind the show-room and offices at Broad Quay are well-stocked warehouses. They are mostly two storeys in height. On the ground is the department containing a large assortment of builders’ ironmongery and materials, also roofing-slates, firebricks, and cisterns, and galvanised corrugated iron roofing-sheets, roofing-tiles, and ridges, tiles for garden edging, chimney-cowls, white glazed bricks, and large quantities of glass in crates, sheet lead and lead piping, and the extensive stores for oils, paint, and varnish. Slate battens are also included, and in that portion of the firm’s premises devoted to slate slab manufacture there are stacked large quantities of slate slabs imported direct from the well-known quarries of Penrhyn. There are sawing and planing mills regulated by a service of steam power, which enables the firm to produce every kind of slatework, and of the best manufacture. The higher floors are reserved for rain-water goods, varieties of castings, galvanised buckets, and furnace pans. On the other floors are supplies of drainpipes and sanitary connections, closet-pans, large stocks of Portland cement in casks and bags, plaster of Paris, chimneypots, sheet zinc, roofing and hair felts, and ceiling laths, also enamelled tiles for hearths and fireplaces in many colours and designs. Considerable prominence is given to kitchen ranges and register grates.

At a short distance from the offices and warehouses above referred to there is a yard and additional show-rooms. In the yard may be seen stocks of blue-bricks, building-bricks, paving, roofing, and ridge tiling, drain-pipes, and kitchen sinks. All kinds of sand brought into use in the building industries are here also stored, and at the end of the yard terra-cotta chimneypots are represented in great variety. Opposite the chimneypot loft, and at the other end of the yard, is a show-room recently added to the premises, and in this the finer works of the firm are advantageously displayed. Chimneypieces of enamelled slate and marble, tiled register stoves, and tile hearths compose the principal features of an elegant and attractive group. The hearth and tile combinations are brought out in the most beautiful styles, some being adorned with the artistic examples of hand painting art, for which public taste has of late years been manifested, and for variety of colouring and chasteness of design they form suitable subjects for drawing-room ornamentation. Marble and iron curbs are also exhibited, and in this show-room the firm hold a large quantity of enamelled slate and marble chimneypieces in parts, ready for fixing when required. The room adjoining is stocked with kitchen ranges.

There is stabling and cart accommodation on the premises, and the entire position is such as to afford the firm every facility for the despatch of goods by road or river or by the Great Western and Midland Railways. Previous to his death, which occurred some two years ago, Mr. Joseph Bladwell who was also a partner in the firm, was a member of the Town Council, a capacity in which he did excellent service.

THE PARAGON ART STUDIO,
PRINCIPALS: MR. AND MRS. HARBUTT,
15, BLADUD BUILDINGS, BATH.

THIS institution was founded in 1877 by Mr. William Harbutt, by whom, in conjunction with his highly accomplished wife, it has since been most capably and successfully conducted. Mr. Harbutt is eminently qualified for the position which he occupies. He holds the highest certificates as a painter and modeller from the South Kensington department, and he is drawing and painting master at the Bath High School, the Ladies’ College, the Royal School for Daughters of Officers, &c., technical classes under the Somerset County Council, and under the Bath City Science and Art Technical Committee. Mrs. Harbutt {nee Cambridge) has received the commands of Her Majesty the Queen on two occasions, to paint portraits for Her Majesty, and she has executed many commissions in portraiture for the aristocracy and distinguished families in the country. Her valuable credentials also include the fact that she was employed upon the keramic decorations of the South Kensington Museum, and was afterwards on the permanent staff of artists at Minton’s Art Pottery. Studio, London. She is exhibiting several important works at the World’s Fair, Chicago.

During the last six years upwards of thirty paintings by the studio pupils have been hung in the exhibitions of the Royal Academy; while, since the opening of the studio, nine students have obtained scholarships at South Kensington and the Royal Academy, and many have entered upon most successful professional careers. In connection with the studio is a department for giving instructions in technical art, including wood-carving, inlaying, fret-cutting, clay modelling, bent iron, embossed leather, and repousse work, &c. Mr. Harbutt receives the assistance of specialists in several of the more technical subjects. The premises are admirably adapted to the purposes to which they are turned, and the studios are conveniently fitted up with every requirement. The institution receives the support of many of the leading residents of Bath and the surrounding district, and arrangements are also made for residential students.

MRS. F. E. COOPER, LADIES’ BOOT AND SHOE MAKER TO HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN AND H.R.H. PRINCESS LOUISE,
28, MILSOM STREET, BATH.

THE art of making ladies’ boots and shoes reaches the point of perfection in the magnificent establishment of Mrs. F. E. Cooper, of 28, Milsom Street, who, as a consequence of the exceptional excellence of her productions, has had the honour of being appointed Ladies’ Boot and Shoe Maker to Her Majesty the Queen, H.R.H. Princess Louise, and H.I.M. the Empress Eugenie. This admirably conducted and essentially high-class business was founded in 1820, and for nearly three-quarters of a century the connections of the house have extended throughout the most distinguished county families in the West and South of England. In 1873 the establishment came into the hands of Mrs. Cooper, the present proprietress, through whose exceptional commercial aptitude and fine artistic taste the valuable connection has been very materially extended. The premises comprise a spacious double-fronted sale-shop and sale-room, the ample plate-glass display windows of which, with their ever-changing exhibits of sumptuous novelties in chaussures, constitute one of the most attractive points of interest in the district. The interior is appointed and fitted, both in the commodious show-room and the adjacent fitting- room, in a style of refined elegance which is in harmonious keeping with the exquisite workmanship and elaborate finish of the goods displayed. The space at disposal for the holding of stock is large enough to permit of the carefully systematic arrangement and classification of the great variety, large enough to allow a practically unlimited choice to purchasers of the choicest boots and shoes for ladies, which are always held in readiness for all demands.

The firm have successfully made a speciality of dress shoes and promenade boots of every description. All the dress shoes supplied by this eminent house are of choice design, and many of them are handsomely embroidered with jewels. Mrs. Cooper, it may be noted, is the sole agent in Bath for the sale of the celebrated Princess May shoes. Much of the remarkable success which Mrs. Cooper has achieved is due to the extent and intimacy of her relations with the great sources of supply in Paris, whereby she is enabled to lay before her patronesses many of the most recent and most attractive Parisian novelties before they have been placed on the English market. Special and invariably successful attention is paid to the provision of elegant chaussures for bridal trousseaux; while Mrs. Cooper is able to execute orders for India with a thorough knowledge of what is required.

In reference to the relations of the firm with Royal and Imperial personages, a writer in a local periodical has the following:— “Her Imperial Majesty the Empress Eugenie has, I understand, placed some important orders with Mrs. Cooper, 28, Milsom Street, Bootmaker to Her Majesty the Queen and H.R.H. the Princess Louise. A few days after H.I. Majesty’s arrival at Bath, Miss Cooper was commanded to attend at the Grand Pump Room Hotel for the purpose of taking Her Majesty’s commands, and had several interviews with her during her stay. All these commands have had to be duplicated, so that all future orders may be fulfilled without loss of time. The ladies-in-waiting also favoured Miss Cooper with special orders. This is the more gratifying, as the favours of Her Imperial Majesty were quite unsolicited. Mrs. Cooper was first requested by Her Majesty the Queen to attend Windsor Castle in the year 1868, since which time she has enjoyed the patronage of the Royal Family.” Such marks of illustrious approval have naturally been followed by the patronage of all the leading residents of Bath and of many distinguished visitors to the city.

F. A. CAIRNS, M.P.S. (FROM J. BELL & CO., LONDON), PHARMACEUTICAL AND ANALYTICAL CHEMIST,
14, NEW BOND STREET, BATH.

PRACTICAL pharmacy in the highest phases of its modern development finds an able representative and exponent at the fashionable city of Bath in the person of Mr. F. A. Cairns, a duly qualified member of the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, who four years ago succeeded to the business which had been formed as far back as the year 1838, and had been successively promoted by Messrs. Steel & Smith and a Mr. Toone in days gone by. Eligibly located in a commanding corner position, the spacious double-fronted pharmacy, with its ample stores at the rear, is elegantly appointed throughout in the best modern style, and most methodically arranged to hold and effectively display a comprehensive stock of British and foreign drugs and chemicals of ascertained purity; all the popular patent medicines of the day; choice toilet, nursery, and sick-room requisites and perfumery, medical and surgical appliances, and chemical apparatus from the best makers both at home and abroad; and a number of pharmaceutical preparations and family medicines of standard worth prepared in his own laboratory. Special mention may be made of Clarke Smith’s Taraxacum or Dandelion Cocoa, a nutritious tonic and delicious beverage for invalids and others with whom tea and coffee disagree; Cairns’ Far-Famed Lavender Water, of unequalled delicacy and permanence; “Exairene,” a painless corn eradicator; and Sir Hutton Cooper’s Sedative and Expectorant Cough Lozenges, which for over fifty years have maintained an unrivalled reputation, the original recipe being in the possession of Mr. Cairns. In his professional department Mr. Cairns, with duly qualified assistants, operates in every branch of practical pharmacy, devoting the most careful and competent attention to the dispensing of physicians’ prescriptions, and the compounding of family recipes, at the most moderate charges; and the large and liberal, yet select, patronage he enjoys is ample evidence of the fact that his efforts have not failed to meet with deserved appreciation and support.

E. & W. MUNDY, FURNISHING AND GENERAL IRONMONGERS,
8, STALL STREET, BATH.

AMONG the best representatives of the ironmongery trade in the city of Bath there is no house that is possessed of a higher reputation, or one that has been more capably sustained for such a long period, as that of Messrs. E. & W. Mundy, the able successors to a business which was organised and has been held in their family since the year 1850. The premises occupied by the firm consist of a spacious double-fronted emporium, extending backwards from Stall Street for a distance of sixty feet, to terminate in an office and commodious heavily-stocked warehouse, and augmented by a fine show-room on the first floor for the storage and display of stoves, fenders, fire-irons, and general household ironmongery goods. The sale-shop below is admirably appointed throughout in the best modern style, and most methodically arranged to hold and effectively display a complete and comprehensive stock of all manner of household and furnishing ironmongery of exclusively the best make, in the way of lamps of every kind, cutlery and electro-plated ware, brushes and turnery, kitchen utensils and domestic machines, japanned ware, and the numerous articles incidental to a thoroughly first-class establishment of the kind. All the goods are available for the lowest possible prices consistent with equitable trading on the ready- money system; and the large and liberal patronage enjoyed by the house is ample evidence of the fact that Messrs. Mundy’s efforts, quite as much in the public interest as in their own, have not failed to meet with deserved appreciation and support.

YORK HOUSE HOTEL,
BATH.
PROPRIETRESS, MRS, E. ASHCROFT.

THIS high-class hotel, which enjoys the esteem of a large circle of distinguished patrons, was founded over eighty years ago, and was formerly carried on by a Mr. Riley, who was succeeded by Mr. Nixon. About fourteen years ago it was taken by the present proprietress, Mrs. Ashcroft, who has most adequately maintained the reputation of the establishment for comfort and refinement. The premises occupied comprise a massive three-storey building, of spacious dimensions, centrally situated in the best quarter of Bath. Passing through the fine entrance hall, on the ground floor is the large dining, coffee, smoking, and breakfast rooms, all handsomely furnished, together with the offices, luggage-rooms, and telephone offices. The first floor contains a series of very comfortable sitting and bed rooms, besides bath-rooms and lavatories, and a number of well-lighted, roomy, and thoroughly ventilated bedrooms, of which there are many others on the floors above. Private suites of apartments are also provided for gentlemen and guests desiring to live en famille.

From time to time York House has been thoroughly redecorated and re-furnished, and it may now be pronounced one of the best-appointed and most comfortable hotels in the provinces, combining luxury and elegance with every possible convenience. In all the details of domestic organisation, cuisine, wines, attendance, &c., it meets the highest requirements; and the sanitary arrangements have been carried out upon the best modern principles. The chief patronage of York House is drawn from private families and gentlemen of position visiting Bath, and it is largely frequented by such guests throughout the year. It was honoured by the patronage of Her Majesty the Queen, on the occasion of her visit to Bath just before her accession to the throne. York House was also visited some years ago by the Empress Eugenie, who made it her residence during a stay in Bath.

The hotel has splendid accommodation for seventy guests, and in connection with it there are large livery stables, where carriages and horses may be hired. The establishment is lighted throughout by electricity, and is situated adjoining the General Post Office, and within three minutes’ walk of the Roman Baths, the Royal Victoria Park, and the Theatre. A special feature of the house is the table d'hote at seven p.m., which amply exemplifies the perfection of the cuisine. Mrs. Ashcroft personally supervises everything connected with the routine and management of this excellent hotel, and is highly esteemed as a hostess, her untiring efforts to ensure the comfort and general satisfaction of her guests being greatly appreciated by the large and influential circle of noblemen and gentlemen who constitute the regular clientele of York House, Bath.

Mrs. Ashcroft is also proprietress of the St. Vincent’s Rocks Hotel, at Clifton, which has a magnificent situation overlooking the charming scenery of Leigh Woods, Nightingale Valley, the Suspension Bridge, and the River Avon. This hotel is close to Clifton and Durdham Downs, and is very largely patronised by the best class of visitors to that delightful neighbourhood. The same excellent methods which distinguish Mrs. Ashcroft’s management of the York House are manifested at the St. Vincent’s Rocks Hotel.
The telephone-number at Bath is 59, and at Clifton, 572.

JAMES SCULTHORPE, PICTURE RESTORER, CARVER AND GILDER,
14, GREEN STREET, BATH.

ONE of the oldest business concerns in this fashionable health resort is successfully conducted by Mr. J. Sculthorpe, the well-known Picture Restorer, Carver and Gilder, whose attractive establishment, 14, Green Street, fully merits prominent recognition in these reviews of the leading representative houses in Bath and its environs. The records of the business date back as far as the year 1821, when the foundations of its present success were laid in Broad Street, Bath, by the late Mr. John Sculthorpe, who was succeeded in the year 1856 by his son, Mr. J. Sculthorpe, who for over thirty-seven years since that date has steadily and progressively developed it to the premier position it now occupies in the trade. The premises occupied by Mr. Sculthorpe at the above address are entirely his own property, and have from time to time been considerably enlarged and improved and extended over the garden adjoining, in order to adapt them to the requirements of an ever-increasing and expanding trade in the various departments of the business. The establishment is of attractive appearance, with good frontage and spacious interior, thoroughly well appointed and furnished throughout with every requisite for the effective display of a choice selection of art studies, mouldings, gilded picture-frames, and other high-class goods representing the various sections of the trade in which Mr. Sculthorpe is engaged. Unlike most establishments Mr. Sculthorpe does not supply German or Dutch metal mouldings; even the cheapest frames he guarantees to be gilt with standard gold.

Spacious and well-lighted workshops are set apart for carrying out the several operative departments, and every convenience is provided for the stowage of valuable pictures, materials, &c. Mr. Sculthorpe manufactures every description of picture frames in oak and other woods in plain and carved designs, and all the ordinary branches of carving, gilding, and mount-cutting are also carried out on the premises by an efficient staff of skilled workmen employed for this purpose. The leading feature of Mr. Sculthorpe’s operations is the restoration, lining, and cleaning of old oil paintings and valuable prints, this department being conducted entirely under the personal direction of the proprietor whose extended practical experience in this difficult and delicate work has secured for him a widespread reputation among artists, connoisseurs, and collectors, as an expert in this branch of art industry. A very substantial and old-established trade is in steadily continuous operation in each department of the business, Mr. Sculthorpe having throughout his career enjoyed the confidence and support of the leading wholesale houses in Bath and the surrounding districts, together with an extensive measure of influential patronage from the gentry resident in the neighbourhood and various parts of the country. The business is ably conducted throughout, under the management of the principal, whose careful and unremitting attention to the requirements of his numerous customers has well maintained the time-honoured prestige and reputation of this justly popular business concern.

W. H. SMITH, MANUFACTURER OF PORTMANTEAUS, TRUNKS, BAGS, &C.
“THE NINETEENTH CENTURY,” 9, CHEAP STREET, BATH.

MR. W. H. SMITH some years ago became the proprietor of the prosperous old-established trunk, portmanteau, and bag manufactory which had previously been conducted with much success by the Messrs. Allen, in whose establishment Mr. Smith had held the position of manager for fifteen years. The thorough practical knowledge of all the branches of the business which Mr. Smith possesses has been turned to good account by him, and he has signalised his proprietorship by not merely maintaining the high reputation of the establishment, but has considerably enlarged the area of its transactions. Owing to the recent destruction of his premises at 1 and 2, High Street to permit of the extension of the Guildhall, Mr. Smith has taken temporary possession of 9, Cheap Street until more suitable premises can be obtained. Here a very large window affords ample accommodation for the display of many samples of the excellent work which is produced in Mr. Smith’s work-rooms. The show-room contains many more samples, and large surplus stocks are held in commodious store-rooms in readiness for all demands.

The factory is in Bishop’s Court, where every class of travelling appliances is produced by an efficient staff of artificers, all first-rate workmen, under the watchful supervision of the principal, who is thus enabled personally to guarantee the excellence of all the workmanship, as well as of the materials employed on the premises. Mr. Smith’s establishment is generally regarded in Bath as the first — and it is certainly the cheapest — of its class in the district. The stocks always include a great variety of service trunks of the regulation size for troopships, air-tight and overland trunks, dress baskets in great variety, travelling-bags of every description, &c. Portmanteaus are taken in exchange, and particular attention is given to all sorts of repairs. A speciality, the successful production of which has much enhanced Mr. Smith’s reputation, consists in travellers’ sample-cases, chiefly for the boot trade, and in this regard he has a valuable business connection in the North of England.

J. B. BOWLER, MANUFACTURER OF GINGER BEER, LEMONADE, GINGER ALE, CORDIALS, QUININE TONIC, SODA AND OTHER AERATED WATERS,
CORN STREET, BATH.

IN THE year 1876 Mr. J. B. Bowler acquired this thriving business, over which he now rules with such vigour and success, and which had been organised by a Mr. Sheppard as far back as the year 1864. Mr. Bowler's factory in Corn Street consists of a large and substantial building, appropriately divided into well-appointed offices, commodious stores, carpenters' workshop, a fine laboratory for the making and testing of syrups, essences, &c., and a magnificent plant of steam and gas driven machinery, for the various operations of bottle-washing, aerating, filling, &c., with large stables adjoining, so that the place is in every sense self-contained. A large staff of skilled and experienced hands is engaged in the production of aerated waters, cordials, ginger beer, and other drinks of exclusively the best quality, and Mr. Bowler’s beverages, wherever they have been introduced, have been received with the favour that is only accorded to articles of standard worth and excellence, analysis showing the drinks to be pure and wholesome, while personal trial places their palatability and delicacy of flavour beyond the region of doubt. With such valuable recommendations it is not surprising that Mr. Bowler has formed a substantial trade connection which extends throughout the city and for a radius of twenty miles around, and it is clearly his resolution that the high reputation he has won shall not only be well sustained but steadily enhanced in days to come.

E. C. GLENDELL, HOSIER, GLOVER, AND HABERDASHER, GENERAL DRAPERY AND MILLINERY ESTABLISHMENT,
7, SOUTHGATE STREET; AND 1, MARCHANT’S PASSAGE, BATH.

MR. GLENDELL, who founded the business in the year 1880, has through the whole interim conducted it with noteworthy skill and well-directed energy. A good name has been secured for providing the very best class and style of goods, and every desirable novelty as soon as known to the trade. Ample and commodious premises are occupied. The shop, which is about forty feet in length, is double fronted, and there are as many as seven handsome plate-glass windows, in which the proprietor exhibits a choice selection of the various goods he is handling. There is a spacious, well-lighted show-room on the first floor, which is admirably fitted up with every requisite and convenience for the accommodation and display of a large and superior assortment of stylish mantles, jackets, and millinery goods.

Mr. Glendell has graduated in every branch of this complicated and many-sided business, and is thoroughly alive to the wants and requirements of the present-day public. He selects his supplies from the leading makers both at home sad abroad, and is in a position to show the season’s new goods as early as any draper and hosier in the West of England. The articles being bought in large quantities and under the best conditions, every advantage is offered to patrons in the way of prices. The stocks of hosiery goods embrace the best and most serviceable articles in stockings, vests, pants, white linen, fancy, and flannelette shirts, wool wraps, handkerchiefs, &c., whilst there are dress goods in a variety of fashionable materials and prints, as well as flowers, feathers, lace and trimmings, umbrellas and gloves in abundant variety, shape, style, and colour. Mr. Glendell holds a well-selected and smart stock of gents’ ties, collars, braces, silk squares, &c., &c., and judging from the display he shows in his window is certainly in a position to supply the public in every variety of shape and colour, the secret of his great success in this department being combination of the newest styles with best value for ready money.

A special feature is made of the manufacture of ladies’ jackets, mantles, robes, costumes, and dresses. The goods turned out are well known in the district round for the excellence of the material used and their finished work, as well as for their perfect fit and comfort in wearing. A staff of skilled milliners and dressmakers is kept, who are under the special supervision of Mrs. Glendell, and the most thorough satisfaction is being given in this department, the patrons including many of the leading families in Bath and the suburbs. From the extent of his supplies and the advantages arising from style and fit being ensured, the house is specially adapted for executing mourning orders, punctuality, good material, style, and moderate prices being always guaranteed. Mr. Glendell commands the respect of all who come into business connection with him by his courtesy, fair and liberal methods, and strict personal worth. He is in every way well deserving of the prosperity he is enjoying.

THE FARM PRODUCE SUPPLY ASSOCIATION,
6, ABBEY CHURCHYARD, BATH.
PROPRIETRESS, MRS. FERRIS.

THE above business was originally established in 1880, and two years later was acquired by Mrs. Ferris, who has since greatly extended and developed the concern to its present successful standing in the trade. The premises occupied by this lady are centrally situated facing the Abbey Churchyard and Stall Street, and comprise a well-appointed shop with excellent plate-glass windows attractively arranged, fitted with every requisite and convenience for the trade, and presenting at all times a beautifully neat and spotlessly clean appearance, indicating the high-class character of the business and the care and attention bestowed on every detail of the management. The establishment is daily supplied with the choicest qualities of farm and dairy produce, including fresh butter and cream guaranteed of the purest description, new-laid eggs, and the most nutritious milk for invalids and children. A leading speciality supplied by the association is the delicious junkets for which the house is famous, which are sent out to all parts of the district on receipt of order. Large farms in connection with the business are owned at Stratton-on-the-Fosse, from which are derived the various classes of produce purveyed from the establishment, and in the facilities and resources at the command of the proprietress the association is in an exceptional position to supply the widespread and influential connection which has been established in all parts of the city and district. Families are daily waited upon for orders by a staff of attentive salesmen employed by the firm, and the utmost promptitude and punctuality are observed in attending to communications forwarded direct to the establishment. The business is ably directed under the personal supervision of the lady principal, whose experienced judgment and skill in catering for the requirements of all classes of custom have secured for the Farm Supply Association the established position it deservedly holds in public estimation in the foremost ranks of trade enterprise in the district.

J. PARSONS, BUILDER AND GENERAL CONTRACTOR,
RAILWAY PLACE, BATH.

ALTHOUGH the date of the commencement of Mr. Parsons’s independent business career (1891) is comparatively recent, he possesses exceptional advantages which have enabled him already to make for himself a position of honourable prominence in the building trade of the Bath district. His premises are conveniently situated in Railway Place, and they afford ample space for the storage of building materials and appliances of all descriptions. Mr. Parsons brought to his enterprise the valuable experience of nearly thirty years, which he had gained while holding a responsible position in the service of the late Mr. J. Bladwell, a well-known local builder and contractor, and he makes the best use of the thorough technical knowledge which he has thus obtained. Mr. Parsons is well known in industrial and commercial circles throughout the district, where he is highly esteemed for the integrity and the spirit of liberality which characterises all his business dealings. He has surrounded himself with all the facilities which enable him to execute promptly and satisfactorily all contracts, for either original building work or repairs, and his already valuable commercial connections are rapidly expanding all over Bath, as well as throughout the surrounding district.

J. S. FRAMPTON, IRONMONGER, BRUSH, CHINA, AND GLASS DEALER, CARPENTER, BUILDER, &C.,
9, MARGARET’S BUILDINGS, BROCK STREET, BATH.

THE above business has now been established over twenty years, under the management of the above-named, and has since the commencement steadily developed. The premises occupied by Mr. Frampton are situated at 9, Margaret’s Buildings, Brock Street, and comprise spacious warehouse, containing ample and convenient accommodation for the extensive stock held by the proprietor in the various sale departments of the business, together with workshops in the rear. The warehouse is replete with general ironmongery, brushes, china and earthenware, table and ornamental glass, wood and galvanised pails, saucepans, kettles, and all kinds of culinary and kitchen requisites, chamois leathers, housemaids’ gloves, sponges, &c. The proprietor also undertakes every branch of carpentry, cabinetmaking, building, and general house repairs, for which estimates are supplied, and, in addition, conducts funeral furnishing on the most moderate scale of charges. The business in each department is of the most substantial order. Every detail of the management is carried out on efficient lines under the personal supervision of the proprietor, whose long and practical experience in every branch of the trade ensures the highest satisfaction in the execution of all orders entrusted to him.

THE PULTENEY HOTEL (LATE STEAD’S),
1 AND 2, GREAT PULTENEY STREET, AND 33, HENRIETTA STREET, BATH. PROPRIETORS: MESSRS. ALFRED AND WILLIAM JACKMAN.

THE Pulteney Hotel, the perfect organisation and administration of which, make it a model of its class, was established about twenty-seven years ago by Mr. Stead, by whose name it was generally known until 1873, when it was taken over by Mr. Alfred Jackman, the present proprietor. It is to Mrs. Jackman’s thorough knowledge of the special requirements of a first-class private hotel, to her assiduous care for the comfort of her guests, many of whom belong to the most distinguished families, and to the excellent situation and the luxurious appointments of the house, or rather houses, that the notable prosperity of the establishment is due. The hotel comprises in all twelve private suites of rooms. The ground-floor suites, of which, in the two houses conjointly there are five each, includes handsome sitting-rooms, each sitting-room having two bedrooms attached which complete the suite. The first-floor suites comprise in each case an elegantly furnished drawing-room, with bedrooms and dressing-rooms. For its admirable and appetising cuisine the house has a high and justly earned reputation, and the courteous and well-trained staff of servants are under the constant supervision of the proprietors. For families visiting Bath, and desiring to enjoy all the conveniences of a first-class hotel, with quietude and home comforts, the Pulteney forms an ideal residence. The houses are licensed for wines, ales, &c., all descriptions of which, of the best quality, are supplied at the lowest remunerative prices.

GEORGE WATTS, PLUMBER, BATH AND WATER-CLOSET ERECTOR, PAINTER, GLAZIER AND GENERAL CONTRACTOR,
3, CLEVELAND TERRACE (WORKSHOPS, 4, HAT AND FEATHER YARD), BATH.

MR. WATTS commenced operations in this district over twenty years ago, and has during this extended period successfully developed a substantial and steadily progressive trade in each department in which he is engaged. The premises occupied by this gentleman are situated at 3, Cleveland Terrace, and comprise large double-fronted shop devoted to the display of a wide range of sanitary appliances and similar requisites of the trade, together with the necessary offices and workshops for carrying out the various departments of the business. The class of work undertaken by Mr. Watts embraces plumbing, the erection of baths and water-closets, painting, glazing, and general repairs, in which the services of a number of hands are constantly employed. Mr. Watts has been appointed at various times by the Bath Corporation for plumbing work, and in 1888 was entrusted with the renovation of Walcot Parish Church, mention of which was made in the ‘Bath Daily Chronicle’ of June 28th of that year. Special attention is directed to the execution of all kinds of sanitary work and arrangements, in which his thoroughly practical experience gives him exceptional qualifications for efficiently carrying out the instructions of his clients on the most efficient and complete scale. Mr. Watts supplies estimates for each class of work, based on the most moderate scale compatible with the superior standard of workmanship and finish for which the house is noted, and which has gained for the proprietor a widespread reputation as one of the most skilful proficients in this trade. An extensive and influential connection has been established by Mr. Watts in all parts of the city and suburbs, this gentleman numbering on his books the names of many of the leading gentry in the district, whose continued confidence and support have been won by the exceptional superiority of all work undertaken by Mr. Watts.

MISS PHILLPUT, DEPOT FOR BABY LAYETTES AND LADIES’ TROUSSEAUX,
8-AND-A-HALF, BARTLETT STREET, BATH.

THE above business is of old-established standing in the city, having been originally founded over half a century ago at Fountain Buildings, and subsequently removed to the premises now occupied at 8-and-a-half, Bartlett Street in 1887. The establishment at this address is of handsome and commodious proportions, with attractive window frontage in which is arranged with tasteful effect an elegant assortment of high-class goods, representing the leading lines and specialities of the business. The interior is furnished and appointed throughout in harmony with the select character of the trade, and contains every requisite and convenience for the display of the stock, and the efficient working of the several departments. The establishment is replete with a splendid assortment of all the newest styles in baby layettes, ladies’ trousseaux, flannel dressing-gowns, dressing-jackets, pelisses, cloaks, baby-linen, ladies’ underclothing, lingerie, and other high-class outfitting goods of the most superior quality at exceedingly moderate prices, whilst the great speciality is corsets, which are made to measure, and for which the firm have acquired a great reputation all over the country. A dressmaking department has lately been added, where ladies can have their own materials made. Indian outfits are supplied on the shortest notice. The most prompt and careful attention is given to the execution of special orders in each department, spacious work-rooms on the premises affording every facility for carrying out clients’ instructions on the shortest notice, and under the immediate personal supervision of the accomplished lady principal every detail of the management is carried out in the most efficient manner. The establishment has long enjoyed the patronage of an influential circle of the leading resident gentry in the district, and from the infinite variety of selection and superior quality of goods submitted for inspection, the depot has also secured a substantial measure of popular favour with the numerous visitors to the city.

JAMES POULSOM, COAL MERCHANT AND GENERAL HAULIER,
2, BROAD QUAY, BATH.

THE business was founded over twenty years ago by the late Mr. George Short, who continued the control down to 1889, when the concern was acquired by the present sole proprietor, Mr. James Poulsom. The premises occupied by this gentleman comprise commodious yard, with stores, sheds, stables, &c., situated by the railway, affording ample accommodation for carrying out the work of the various departments on a most efficient scale. A large trade is done by Mr. Poulsom in supplying the best qualities of household coals in wholesale quantities, which are delivered to customers’ residences at the lowest market prices in the proprietor’s own carts, and orders for the removal of furniture, plate, pictures, glass, and other valuable effects are also executed in town or country at exceedingly moderate rates. The services of thoroughly skilled hands are employed for this work, and the greatest care is exercised in the conveyance of goods, in order to obviate damage, the vans used for this purpose being specially constructed for transit by road or rail on the most improved principles. Each department of the business claims the immediate personal supervision of the principal, whose prompt and punctual attention is given to the execution of all orders, and in whose energetic hands the management is carried out on the most efficient and satisfactory lines. A widespread and influential circle of patronage has been secured by the proprietor among the residents of Bath and the neighbourhood, whose confidence and support have been won and retained by the consistently honourable and straightforward business methods upon which the concern has been so long conducted.

W. JONES & CO., STEAM CAKE MANUFACTURERS,
WESTGATE STREET, BATH.

THE production and widespread wholesale distribution of cakes of every class and grade, to meet the requirements of retail dealers, grocers, and others in Bath, and throughout the West of England generally, finds an able representative and exponent in the person of Mr. W. Jones, who formed the nucleus of his now thriving business in the year 1873, at his present eligible quarters. The premises occupied comprise a spacious double-fronted shop, handsomely appointed throughout, displaying comprehensive series of all the most popular varieties of plain, seed, currant, sultana, and other cakes, and biscuits of every class and grade, including the celebrated London biscuits of Messrs. Peek, Frean & Co. The factory at the rear is elaborately equipped with all the most modern and improved machinery, driven by an “Otto” gas-engine, and number many very ingenious labour-saving contrivances, to wit, a fruit washing and drying apparatus. Effectually cleansed of stalks and dirt, the fruit is transferred to a perforated dry cylinder, which revolves at the rate of fifteen hundred turns per minute, and rapidly dries the fruit, which is then ready for immediate use. Another machine operates as a rapid cake maker, mixing ingredients, and carrying out every stage from commencement to finish in the most perfect manner. A slicing machine divides the peel at the rate of three hundred slices a minute, and another clever contrivance deals effectively with the batter-making for sponge cakes. Mr. Jones possesses every facility for the perfect production of cakes on an extensive scale, and is thus enabled to offer special advantages to large buyers, and to execute all orders in a prompt and satisfactory manner, and it is manifestly his resolution that the high reputation he has won shall not only be well sustained, but steadily enhanced and consistently developed in days to come.

THE CLARENCE PRIVATE AND COMMERCIAL TEMPERANCE HOTEL,
KINGSMEAD SQUARE, BATH.
MRS. E. BERRY, PROPRIETRESS.

IN these days of mammoth, caravanserais and palatial hotels, it is positively refreshing to now and again meet with a quiet unostentatious house of the character, so often advertised, but so seldom found, of a “home from home,” whereat to sojourn for a time, whether on pleasure or on business bent. Such a place, combining all the comforts of a modern private dwelling-house of the best class, with the order, system, courteous attendance, and unexceptional cooking of a thoroughly up-to-date hotel, conducted upon strictly temperate principles, and moderate in its tariff of charges, is the popular Clarence Hotel, overlooking Kingsmead Square, in the fashionable city of Bath. The hotel was organised in the year 1885, under the able auspices of its present genial proprietress, Mrs. Berry. There is an elegantly furnished coffee-room and sitting-room, a spacious commercial-room and writing-room attached, replete with every modern convenience, and a complement of eight large, airy, clean, and comfortable bed-chambers for guests of passage or en pension. Hot and cold water baths, and a perfect system of house sanitation, manifested by perfect cleanliness, a good water supply, and admirable lighting, heating, and ventilation, all contribute to make the Clarence a most desirable and hospitable roof for commercial gentlemen, tourists, and private families; and it is manifestly Mrs. Berry’s resolution that the high reputation she has won shall not only be well sustained but steadily enhanced in days to come.

BARTHOLOMEW’S TURKISH BATHS,
EDGAR BUILDINGS (TOP OF MILSOM STREET), BATH.
PROPRIETOR, MR. TAPP.

THE various forms of hydropathic treatment which Bath abundantly provides are appropriately and admirably complemented by Bartholomew’s Turkish Baths, which occupy a convenient and commanding position. The rise and progress of the Turkish bath in England is indissolubly associated with the name of Mr. Bartholomew, whose establishments in London, Manchester, Birmingham, Worcester, Eastbourne, &c., are all well known for their high temperatures and perfect ventilation, and as models of convenient arrangement and luxurious appointment. The Bath establishment was founded in 1881. The premises and the valuable business connection which Mr. Bartholomew created were purchased in 1890 by Mr. Tapp, the present proprietor, who thoroughly maintains the prestige of the institution, and is constantly increasing the sphere of its usefulness.

The elegantly fitted premises comprise two perfectly-ventilated hot-rooms, measuring each twenty feet square and twelve feet in height, with a radiating-room. The floors are of handsome encaustic tiles, and the walls of white glazed bricks. The temperatures of the rooms are, respectively, 260, 180, and 160 degrees Fahr.; but, on account of the perfect ventilation and the absolute purity of the air, bathers can remain in these temperatures for a long time with perfect comfort. A staff of highly expert shampooers are in attendance, both for ladies and for gentlemen, who have their respectively appointed days. The cooling-room is a large apartment forty-five feet by twenty, and twelve feet in height, the walls and ceilings of the entire suite of apartments being covered with painted glass. The cooling-room is provided with luxurious lounges, and every convenience, including private dressing-boxes.

Refreshments and cigars of the highest class are supplied to bathers as required. The special treatment of invalids and others requiring particular attention is under the immediate supervision of the proprietor, and Mrs. Tapp discharges similar useful offices in the case of ladies. This special treatment includes Harrogate sulphur baths, electric baths, medicated baths, pine oil baths, pine fomentations, oxygen inhalations, and brine baths. The establishment is open daily from 7 a.m. till 9.30 p.m.

GEORGE WALTER BARNES, STEAM DYER AND CLEANER,
THE KINGSMEAD DYE WORKS, 14, KINGSMEAD STREET. BRANCH, 23, CLAVERTON BUILDINGS, WIDCOMBE, BATH.

THIS admirably organised and flourishing business was established by Mr. George Barnes, who was followed successively by his son and his grandson the present proprietor, who has added to his hereditary aptitude for business and enlightened enterprise, a thorough technical knowledge of all the modern improvements which practical science has introduced into the processes of dyeing and cleaning. The premises, which occupy a convenient site at 14, Kingsmead Street, comprise an unpretentious and appropriately fitted receiving office which fronts the thoroughfare. To the rear is the important block of buildings constituting the dye-works, which have recently undergone considerable alterations and improvements in order to cope with the ever-increasing business. Everything which experience could suggest and which a judicious expenditure of capital could supply has been provided in the form of labour-saving mechanical appliances. Machinery of the most approved, modern description has been laid down in all the industrial departments, which occupy the upper floors of the building. Much attention is devoted to the careful packing of finished goods, to which process three rooms on the ground floor are allotted.

A large staff of skilled hands is employed, under the watchful supervision of the principal, who is thus enabled personally to guarantee the excellence of all the work which is executed on the premises, and who takes a natural and laudable pride in maintaining the high reputation of the old-established house. The Kingsmead Dye Works are known as the cheapest house in the city for dyeing and cleaning, while the quality of the work produced will compare favourably with that of any other establishment. Particular attention is given to the cleaning, dyeing, and pressing of gentlemen’s garments, while ladies’ dresses are dyed in any colour without unmaking. There are special departments for the dyeing and cleaning of such materials as damask, moreen, tabaret, tapestry, cloth, velvet, fringe, chintz, cretonnes, &c. The reputation of the Kingsmead Dye Works stands so high that Mr. Barnes finds it unnecessary to appoint agents, and all goods intended to be treated by him are sent direct to the works.

DILL’S ORIGINAL PORK SHOP,
8, CHEAP STREET, BATH.
THOMAS WHATLEY & SONS, PROPRIETORS.
ESTABLISHED 1784.

THIS famous establishment, situated in Cheap Street, and which is popularly known as “Dill’s Pork Shop,” is one of the best institutions of the city, and forms the foundation upon which the high reputation of Bath as a centre for the production of the various specialities connected with the pork and bacon trade has been built up. Indeed, its records would form an important and interesting chapter in the commercial history of Bath during the last century. Nor would any account of the present economic conditions of the city be complete without reference to this special industry which has been so successfully carried on by the Dill family for over a century. This well-known business was established in 1784, by a member of the family, who, coming originally from Germany, settled in Bath and founded the present business, which has been handed down through successive generations of the Dill family with increasing success, and has now been conducted for some time solely by Messrs. Thomas Whatley & Sons, who are closely related to the original proprietors. Thus the continuity of the family proprietorship has never been interrupted.

The original premises still serve as the headquarters of the firm, extensive alterations having been made from time to time, and the most improved and modern machinery added in order to keep pace with the increased demands of modern times. It may be mentioned in passing that the late senior partner of the firm, Mr. Thomas Whatley, was a well-known citizen of some energy and enterprise, who had established and successfully carried on another business in this city for many years, but, notwithstanding the demands made upon him by the conduct of his own affairs, was still able to devote some time to the public service, being elected a member of the Board of Guardians, of the Town Council, and eventually an alderman of the city. He was an earnest and successful champion of the wood-pavement system, which was introduced into the town some years ago. In his day Cheap Street, being paved with granite, was from its position both noisy and dangerous, and, urged by Mr. Whatley, the Town Council saw the desirability of removing the granite, but objected to the increased cost of substituting wood, a difficulty which was overcome by his collecting from the tradesmen in the street a sum sufficient to cover the extra expense of carrying out this most useful idea.

The premises, 8, Cheap Street, occupy a conveniently central position, close to the Abbey Church; they are commodious, and comprise an excellently fitted-up shop, with various rooms adjoining in the rear for machinery, &c., and large cellars, occupying the whole basement of the premises, used for curing, cooking, &c. The reputation of the firm is fully sustained for supplying the best quality of dairy-fed pork, and their compact and clean-looking shop in Cheap Street always contains an ample supply of the choicest joints, for which there is a continuous and increasing sale. The establishment is also noted for hams, chaps, chines, brawn, sausages, &c. Dill’s Pork Shop, in fact, must be regarded as the pioneer of the trade in the district, the firm undoubtedly doing the most extensive retail business in Bath, which includes amongst its numerous patrons all the chief residents and visitors. But the connection is by no means only a local one, as orders are regularly received from customers residing in all parts of Great Britain, including amongst other innumerable places the large cities of Manchester, Liverpool, Newcastle, Edinburgh, Perth, Stornaway, Ballachulish, &c. &c.; in London the number of private customers being greater than in any other city outside of Bath.

The special characteristic of the establishment, however — at least, in the estimation of the popular mind — is the production of “Dill’s Polonies,” which title has been duly registered as a necessary protection against a host of imitators. The demand for these goods is simply enormous, and it is commonly remarked in Bath that it is almost impossible to pass Dill’s shop without seeing the assistants refilling the “Polony Dish.” Much of the remarkable success of this business is due, doubtless, to the fact that it has always been the chief aim of the firm to secure only the choicest dairy-fed pigs; and as all the requisite operations of curing and manufacturing are performed on the premises (the killing and dressing being carried out at the different farms, they are able to guarantee the absolute excellence of all their goods.) A competent staff of assistants in every department is employed, under the direct supervision of the principals, and a most energetic foreman who also has spent forty years in the trade, thereby bringing to bear upon all the details of the business a thorough technical knowledge in addition to strict personal attention.

G. T. CANDY, DAIRYMAN, FRUITERER, GREENGROCER, ITALIAN WAREHOUSEMAN, &C.,
GREEN PARK DAIRY, CHARLES STREET (NEAR. THE MIDLAND RAILWAY STATION), BATH.

FOR the supply of the freshest and most delicious of dairy produce, as well as of other table luxuries of various special descriptions, there is no establishment in Bath which has a higher reputation than that which is conducted with exceptional energy and enterprise by Mr. G. T. Candy, at the Green Park Dairy. Nor is the reputation of the establishment of mushroom growth. It was founded forty years ago by Mr. W. T. Lewis, and since it was taken over in 1891 by the present proprietor, he has thoroughly succeeded in maintaining the high standard of the business, and has, indeed, materially extended the valuable connection to which he succeeded. The premises comprise a spacious double-fronted shop, with massive plate-glass windows, whose tastefully-arranged display of appetising dainties constitutes one of the most attractive points of interest in the district. The appointments and fittings of the interior are very handsome, including massive mahogany and marble-topped counters, which harmonise with the high class of the business carried on. The shop has a commanding frontage of about twenty-five feet and a depth of thirty. To the rear is the office, with all the appliances for the prompt despatch of the clerical work.

The leading and most attractive characteristic of the business consists in the daily supply of large quantities of the choicest dairy produce, including butter, eggs, milk and cream, from Mr. Candy’s own well-equipped farms — the “Meadow” and the “Warren,” at Bathampton, which are noted for possessing some of the richest pasture-land in the West of England. Milk from pure Alderney cows, of which Mr. Candy has a valuable breed, is supplied punctually twice a day to families in all parts of the city. The greengrocery department is, in its way, equally well organised, and here may be found, fresh every morning, every kind of fruits and vegetables in season, which are sold at strict market prices. Mr. Candy’s customers, therefore, are not only sure of obtaining at all times the best procurable quality, but they are also supplied on the most moderate terms possible. A highly ornamental department of the business consists in the fine assortment, visible every day, of the choicest cut flowers, with tastefully-arranged bouquets, buttonholes, &c. Large stocks are also held of all kinds of foreign fruits and of other goods suitable for an Italian warehouse of the highest class. Mr. Candy is the sole agent in Bath for the sale of the celebrated Newmarket sausages and Melton Mowbray pies.

J. HOWARD & SON, BUILDERS, CONTRACTORS, AND DECORATORS,
EDWARD STREET, BATHWICK, BATH.

THE premises which this well-known firm occupy are conveniently situated at the rear of Edward Street, Bathwick. They cover a large area, including a spacious yard, in which are steam sawing and moulding machines and mortar mills, smiths’ shops, &c., and where also the plant and very large stocks of building materials are stored. There is a suite of well-appointed general and private offices, which are supplied with all the requisites for the speedy despatch of the large amount of clerical work necessitated by the numerous and important operations of the firm and the magnitude of their industrial staff. A series of carpenters’ shops is admirably equipped with all the mechanical appliances of modern device for facilitating the manufacture of window sashes, frames, doors, and other articles required in building processes. Coming next are the shops required for the various branches of plumbing, gas-fitting, electric and wire bell fitting, glazing, &c. In these classes of work large numbers of skilled workmen are always engaged.

Messrs. Howard & Son undertake building contracts and house repairs of all descriptions. They have gained the highest reputation for the promptitude and completeness with which they execute all orders in these various classes of work. This is invariably done under the immediate supervision of the principals, who are laudably jealous of the fair fame of the establishment. Their decorative work is especially worthy of notice, by reason of the sound artistic taste which pervades it all. Similarly, their operations as sanitary engineers are in accordance with the most advanced modern principles of hygienic science. So extensive are the engagements of the firm throughout a wide district that they generally employ at least a hundred men in the different departments of their work. The recent growth of their business has, indeed, been so notable that Messrs. Howard & Son are, at the time of writing, engaged in materially extending their premises by the inclusion of No. 12, Edward Street, which they are making into show-rooms.

HUMPHRIES & CO., CENTRAL BAKING ESTABLISHMENT,
CHEAP STREET, BATH.

THE records of this representative high-class establishment date back to over seventy-five years, and show that, after having been successfully promoted, first by a Mr. William Mitchell, and afterwards by Messrs. Humphries & Co., it eventually came under the sole proprietary control of Mr. George Humphries, who still continues to trade under the style and title designated above. The premises are admirably adapted to the requirements of a trade which is accounted to be the largest of its kind in the city of Bath. They comprise a spacious retail shop, communicating by means of a lift with an elaborately equipped hygienic bakery, where the latest and best machinery is in full use, and cleanliness is manifestly the order of the day. Large warehouses, heavily stocked with Corn and flour of every kind of the best qualities, derived from the most noted millers and factors, are located at the rear, and a splendid service of delivery vans and horses is maintained for daily carriage of orders to all parts of the city and its suburbs. Messrs. Humphries & Co. employ an expert staff, and have gained an unrivalled reputation for the uniform excellency and wholesomeness of all their productions, and notably for their breads and cakes, these latter being turned out in great variety, while special kinds are made to order, schools and institutions being supplied on specially liberal terms. Personally Mr. Humphries is well known and much esteemed in both social and trade circles as an enterprising, honourable, and thoroughly capable business man; liberal and fair in all transactions, and well deserving of the substantial success he is achieving.

E. A. HOLOWAY, PRACTICAL UPHOLSTERER, MATTRESS AND BLIND MAKER, ANTIQUE FURNITURE DEALER, &C.,
29, BROAD STREET, BATH.

THE above business was commenced about three years ago by Mr. Holoway, the present sole proprietor, who had at that time just completed his apprenticeship with one of the leading firms in Bath, and under his energetic and enterprising management the concern has secured a well-established standing in local trade circles. The premises occupied by Mr. Holoway are situated at 29, Broad Street, and comprise warehouse and workshops containing ample accommodation and convenience for carrying out the work of the various departments of the business on the most efficient lines. The class of work undertaken by the proprietor embraces every branch of upholstering, mattress and blind-making, furniture repairing and repolishing, the purification and renovation of all kinds of bedding, carpet beating and cleaning, and carpet and linoleum laying, each department being carried out under the personal supervision of the principal, whose thoroughly practical experience of the trade in all branches affords an ample assurance for guaranteed excellence in the execution of all orders entrusted to his skilful hands for completion. Mr. Holoway also undertakes the removal of furniture and other effects by road, rail, or sea, and in this department his terms will compare favourably for moderation with those of many of the more widely advertised firms in this line. An extensive and influential connection has been established by this gentleman among the leading residents in Bath and the vicinity, and by his unremitting and painstaking attention to the interests of those who favour him with their patronage. Mr. Holoway has secured the well-deserved confidence and support of a wide circle of all classes of the public in the district.

THE BATH AND SOMERSETSHIRE DAIRY COMPANY, LIMITED, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL MILK AND BUTTER MERCHANTS,
3, BLADUD BUILDINGS, BATH.

THIS large and important concern originated as far back as the year 1806, and was formed into a limited company under its present title in 1882. The registered offices are at the Company’s fine premises in Bladud Buildings, where they have one of the most complete and extensive Working Dairies in the provinces. The shop is provided with every convenience for the despatch of business, and is handsomely decorated, the parquet flooring, tiled walls, and other features producing a very pleasing effect. Around the sides of the shop are shelves upon which are displayed “cremometers,” containing samples of the day’s milk, and by referring to these the visitor can see what percentage of cream the milk contains. The high quality of the milk supplied by the Company is the constant study and care of the manager and staff. This results in constant recommendation and increased patronage. Customers should know more of the care and precision in method the Company’s farmers are compelled to adopt under their very strict contracts.

The working dairy is approached either from the shop or by a separate entry from the street, and here everything is in splendid order. A six horse-power engine drives the various ingenious machines in use, prominent among which are the wonderful De Laval separators, which run at a terrific speed, and effectually extract every particle of cream from the milk subjected to their operation. There are many other ingenious appliances to be seen here, and visitors are always impressed by the large churns of modern pattern, and the excellent refrigerating arrangements. This Company make a special feature of butter-making, and the article they produce commands a ready sale. Indeed, at some seasons of the year it is difficult to meet the large demand. At the Bath and West of England Society’s show held at Dorchester in 1887, the Company gained the first prize for butter, and at the same society’s show at Newport in the following year they again carried off first honours. The whole of the work at the dairy in Bladud Buildings is carried on under the most perfect conditions of cleanliness, practical skill, and scientific system, and the results leave nothing to be desired. The working methods throughout are the best that have been sanctioned by modern experience, and the greatest care is exercised in maintaining the high standard of excellence that has long distinguished all the products of the concern.

The Company make a famous article of Cream Cheese, the original recipe for which they have purchased and registered, and they also supply Devonshire cream and new-laid eggs daily. They have three branches in Bath and three in the suburbs, and enjoy the patronage of a large and influential circle, including the medical fraternity, the principal families, and the leading hotels, colleges, and institutions of the district. All the affairs of the business are under the personal direction of the manager and secretary, Mr. H. Bailis Tucker, whose sound practical qualifications are well known, and whose untiring efforts to meet all the requirements of the Company’s patrons are greatly appreciated.

W. BRIMBLE, PRACTICAL HOUSE AND SIGN DECORATOR,
7, MARGARET’S PLACE, BATH.

THE records of this business extend back to over twenty years ago, when it was originally established by the present proprietor, under whose energetic and enterprising management the concern has been developed with steadily progressive success. The premises occupied comprise commodious warehouse, with good window frontage and spacious and well-appointed interior, furnishing ample accommodation for the large stocks held in the various departments of the business. The goods include a wide range of the newest and most artistic designs in English and Continental wallpapers and other decorative materials, oils, colours, varnishes, glass, brushes, and a great, variety of trade requisites of the most approved quality. Spacious workshops are occupied by Mr. Brimble at 11, Camden Street, where are stored the necessary ladders and other plant used in the operative departments of the business, in which the services of a staff of skilled and competent hands are employed. The class of work undertaken by this gentleman includes every branch of house and sign decorating, plastering, painting, paperhanging, glazing and general house repairs, in which his thoroughly practical experience ensures the highest quality of finished workmanship in all orders and contracts entrusted to him for completion. A very substantial and influential trade has been successfully established by Mr. Brimble in each department of the concern, the connection including many of the principal property owners, builders, contractors, and private inhabitants of the city and the neighbourhood, whose continued confidence and support have been secured by the exceptional punctuality and promptitude with which their instructions have been carried out during the whole of this gentleman’s lengthened business career.

CHEDGZOY & CO., CABINETMAKERS, UPHOLSTERERS, BEDDING MANUFACTURERS, CARPET FACTORS, DECORATORS, AND COMPLETE HOUSE FURNISHERS,
6, NORTH PARADE, AND PIERPONT STREET, BATH.

ALTHOUGH organised but four years ago at its present eligible quarters, this business has, under the vigorous regime of its talented manager, already taken its place permanently among the principal trading institutions of the city of Bath, and is liberally patronised by the best circles of local custom. Chedgzoy & Co.’s establishment comprises a spacious double-fronted show-room, with ample storage accommodation for a varied stock of select goods, comprising all manner of household furniture and effects, decorative items, and the like, and a large and elaborately equipped workshop, where a full staff of expert craftsmen is employed. All the furniture produced is of exclusively the best quality, and the firm have won a widespread and well-merited renown for the durability and great artistic beauty of their designs for drawing, dining, bedroom, library, and other suites, while the stock includes the best manufactured goods for general house furnishing, blinds and cornice-poles, linoleum cloths, funeral furniture, paperhangings and modern art decorative items of every kind. Competent assistants are in constant attendance, and practical men are ever ready to do everything needful to help patrons to furnish a cottage, villa residence, or mansion with perfect taste and judgment, and with reference to the best way of laying out any stipulated sum to meet specified wants. The business is in a splendid condition of development and progressive prosperity, and all its trade connections are of a character which speak conclusively for the genuine merit of the productions of the house, and the sound principles and honourable methods which characterise Chedgzoy & Co.’s business transactions.

Charles Barley, The Bath Toy Exchange and Fancy Repository,
6, Corridor, Bath.

Organised over a quarter of a century ago, and acquired a twelvemonth since by its present able and enterprising proprietor, this popular institution is generally accounted to be one of the best of its kind in the West of England, and certainly stands unrivalled in the city of Bath for the volume and variety of its stores. Occupying a commanding position in the much-frequented Corridor, the spacious double-fronted shop always presents a singularly attractive appearance. Mr. Barley’s experience and knowledge of the trade is both extensive and peculiar, he making it his duty to keep up a constant succession of all the latest and best articles introduced by the leading London and Continental houses. The handsomely appointed and methodically arranged show-rooms are packed to repletion with games and entertainment paraphernalia of every imaginable kind associated with indoor and outdoor amusements for both young and old. Handsome cases are conspicuously disposed to effectively display a wonderful variety of fancy articles in the way of workboxes, desks, dressing-cases, and bags, &c., and due prominence is given to requisites for such popular games as cricket, croquet, archery, tennis, golf, bagatelle, and so forth, all the goods being chosen with great care and judgment from the leading makers of the day at home and abroad. Children’s toys and domestic games are held in splendid assortment for “all and sundry” seeking such amusement, and a careful inspection of the novelties alone on view would veritably surprise any person not actually engaged in the trade. Order, system, and courtesy are salient characteristics of the place, and it is plainly manifest to all that Mr. Barley spares no effort to make the present and future reputation of his house fully consistent with all its past traditions of credit and renown.

BATH CITY WAGON WORKS,
LOWER BRISTOL ROAD, BATH.
PROPRIETOR, C. P. HAZELDINE.

THE old-established Bath City Wagon Works constitute one of the largest concerns in this particular industry in the district. The works were originally founded as far back as 1850 by the late Mr. G. Saunders, from whom the concern was acquired by Mr. C. P. Hazeldine, the present proprietor, in 1887. The premises are situated in Lower Bristol Road, to which they present an extensive front elevation of three storeys, with wide gateway entrance. On the ground floor are spacious workshops and smiths’ forge, above which are the body-making and painting departments, conveniently arranged and fully equipped with the necessary machinery and plant for facilitating the various branches of industry carried on. Spacious accommodation is also provided under the railway arches for the storage of timber and other materials, of which large quantities are used in the business. The house has long enjoyed an exceptionally high reputation for the superior excellence of the vehicles manufactured by the firm, which include all kinds of wagons, carts, trolleys, and business conveyances, which for sound and reliable materials and finished workmanship well maintain the standard of make in each class of goods produced. An efficient staff of hands, numbering about twenty-five skilled workmen, is employed in the various departments of the establishment, under the immediate personal supervision of the proprietor, whose thoroughly practical experience in every branch of the trade ensures the highest capacity in the management of the concern, and affords an ample guarantee for the continuance of the success which has hitherto attended the operations of the business.

THE STANLEY FAMILY AND COMMERCIAL HOTEL.
PROPRIETRESS: MRS. GRIFFIN,
MANVERS STREET, BATH.

THE Stanley Hotel was established about a twelvemonth ago, and it possesses exceptional attractions for those who seek comfortable accommodation on moderate terms. The establishment was originally a private hotel, but under the experienced management of Mrs. Griffin, the popular proprietress, it has become a first-class temperance hotel, having been newly furnished and refitted with all modern improvements. The handsome four-storeyed building occupies an ideally convenient position. Covering a commanding corner site at the junction of Stanley Street and Manvers Street, it is within a minute’s walk from the Great Western Railway Station, where porters meet all trains, conveying to and from the hotel the luggage of visitors without charge. While, too, the Stanley is apart from the noise and bustle of the business quarter, three minutes’ walk will take the visitor into the centre of the city to the Baths or the Abbey. The interior is appointed with an elegance which more than satisfies the expectations raised by the handsome exterior. The lighting, heating, and ventilation embody all the best practical applications of the most advanced modern scientific opinions on these subjects. The commercial, coffee, smoking, luggage, and stock rooms are all appropriately furnished, and the bedrooms are models of comfort. A special degree of attention is paid to the requirements of the emissaries of commerce, many of whom regularly make the Stanley their temporary home. Mrs. Griffin has successfully made the cuisine a speciality of the house, and the reputation of the well-appointed table is rapidly extending far and wide.

BRADSHAW & CO., SEEDSMEN,
43, WALCOT STREET, BATH.

FROM a comparatively small beginning, initiated between eight and nine years ago, this seed-distributing business has steadily developed into -one of the largest and most representative institutions of its kind in the West of England. It was acquired about five years ago by its present able and enterprising proprietors. The premises occupied in Walcot Street are very extensive and well adapted to the requirements of a brisk business of the kind. They comprise warehouse, with every modern facility for the rapid and effective transaction of a vast business, the operations of which extend practically to all parts of the United Kingdom among gardeners and private families, farmers, and other growers. In the various departments, the carefully catalogued stock includes only the best qualities of thoroughly tested seeds, exhaustive of supplies for the vegetable, flower, and fruit garden; agricultural seeds of every kind; grass seeds for permanent pasture-lands, lawns, &c.; French and German flower seeds; birdseeds and meat dog biscuits; Dutch bulbs; manures and guanos, including With’s celebrated plant food; and all manner of garden requisites and sundries. Messrs. Bradshaw & Co., moreover, are the accredited local agents for the Royal Farmers’ and General Insurance Company, and for the Alliance Assurance Company. Their connections and facilities are of a superior character, enabling them to offer special advantages to customers, and to execute all orders in a prompt and satisfactory manner.

T. COWARD & SON, WHOLESALE CONFECTIONERS, AND COMMISSION AGENTS,
31, STALL STREET; 1, HOLLOWAY; AND 14, KINGSTON ROAD, BATH.

THIS business was established in 1892, and within the comparatively brief period which has elapsed, the Messrs. Coward, by their use of the thorough technical knowledge which they possess of all the departments of the trade, and by their enlightened enterprise in the introduction of new and convenient methods of business, have created a valuable and constantly increasing connection. In Stall Street, and also in Holloway, they have commodious sale-shops, whose ample plate-glass windows, with their tastefully arranged assortment of sweetmeats and other toothsome dainties, form most attractive points of interest in the respective thoroughfares. Both the interiors are well fitted up, and are always stocked with constantly replenished stores of pure confectionery, manufactured by the firm and guaranteed as to quality by them.

Their industrial premises and warehouses are situated at Kingston Road, and have been admirably adapted to the requirements of the business. The factory is equipped with all the most approved appliances for the economy of labour, where a number of assistants are constantly employed in the several departments. On these premises there are also commodious warehouses, which are utilised to advantage by the firm in their capacity as commission agents. Messrs. Coward & Son have, in fact, so enlarged the area of their business as to be able to supply many of the country dealers, who act as retailers of their confectionery, with all the other articles which constitute their miscellaneous stocks. Thus, in their Kingston Road warehouses, Messrs. Coward & Son at all times hold large and varied stocks of such commodities as toys, brashes, buckets, tinware, stationery, blacking, matches, laces, and all kinds of haberdashery. The excellence of the mechanical and other arrangements in the Messrs. Coward’s factory is such that material economies are effected in the cost of production, and the firm are thus enabled to quote most moderate prices for goods of the best class.

Much of the notable success which the firm have achieved is the result of the care which is taken by the principal and his son to keep in continual touch with their customers and their requirements, by constantly making commercial tours in person throughout the whole of the district. At the Christmas season Messrs. Coward & Son make a special display, the nature of which was thus recently described in the columns of the ‘Bath Daily Chronicle’:- Extremely bright and attractive, especially to youthful eyes, does the shop of Messrs. T. Coward & Son in Stall Street appear.

Sweetmeat-making is a considerable local industry, in which this firm plays a prominent part. In addition to their Stall Street establishment they carry on a branch business in Holloway, and a factory in Kingston Road, where vast quantities of succulent glucous compounds are concocted. Of crackers there is an immense collection at Messrs. Coward’s — in fact, the place teems with them, being lined from floor to ceiling with gaily tinted boxes of these mirth-provoking accessories of the Christmas party. Behind the shop, where innumerable packets of confectionery are being constantly handed across the counter, is another room in which bonbons and sweetmeats in manifold forms and devices are exhibited. A very novel and clever arrangement has been placed in the window. A tramway has been carefully laid, and over this run the cars laden with sweets, the motive power being supplied by electric batteries.

GEORGE CANNING, CIGAR MERCHANT,
19, OLD BOND STREET, BATH.
TELEGRAMS: “GLORIAVICTIS, BATH.”

MR. CANNING acquired this old-established business about eight years ago, and in addition to a substantial retail trade amongst local connoisseurs holds appointments as provider of cigars to the Royal Artillery and the Royal Yacht Squadron, and as a holder of one of the largest duty-paid stocks of Havana cigars, and of special brands of Indian, Sumatra, and Manila cigars in the West of England. He operates on an extensive scale as an exporter and merchant through wholesale and retail agents in all the principal towns of Occidental England. The premises in Old Bond Street are admirably adapted to the requirements of the vast and comprehensive business, and comprise a spacious, elegantly appointed, double-fronted retail depot, in which, in addition to a particularly select stock of famous brands and crops of cigars, a complete series of all the most popular of manufactured tobaccos, cigarettes, meerschaum and briar pipes, and smokers’ sundries is maintained; while there are sample-rooms and spacious maturing rooms, kept at a constant temperature, at the rear. The business tells its own story of honourable principles faithfully observed; and its history is a record of success achieved, and widespread and valuable connections established and maintained by the pursuit of a policy of commercial integrity and prudent enterprise, creditable alike to the principal of the house and to the trade he so adequately represents.

H. BUTLER, BOOT AND SHOE MAKER,
23, UNION STREET, AND 3, UNION PASSAGE, BATH.

ELIGIBLY located in one of the leading business thoroughfares of the town, the fine double-fronted shop, with its fitting-on room at the rear in Union Street, is elegantly appointed throughout in the best modern style, and most methodically arranged to hold and effectively display a complete and comprehensive stock of superior goods illustrative of the best English and French manufactures in fashionable boots and shoes for ladies, gentlemen, and children, for the house, riding, shooting, tennis, cricket, boating, football, promenade, ball and evening wear. The premises are augmented by a second equally well-appointed shop, which opens on to Union Passage, and is devoted to sound and substantial, though less expensive, goods, adapted to the requirements of the industrial classes. Both shops are extensively patronised by reason of the reliability and high excellence of their wares, the trade connection of the house extending not only throughout the city and county, but to Wales, Ireland, and even abroad among former satisfied patrons; and it is manifestly Mr. Butler’s resolution that the high reputation he has won shall not only be well sustained, but steadily enhanced and consistently developed in days to come.

WALTER PRATLEY, FISHMONGER, POULTERER, AND GAME DEALER,
49, SOUTHGATE STREET, BATH.

MANY of the most daintily served tables in Bath and its vicinity owe the most highly appreciated of the luxuries which they daily display to the excellent catering of Mr. Walter R. Pratley. The business which he controls was established in 1873 by Mr. James Crook, who succeeded in creating an important connection. This was acquired in 1889 by Mr. Pratley, who has very materially extended the sphere of its influence. He brought to his enterprise a thorough practical knowledge of the requirements of the business, and he is an expert specialist in all that relates to the market values of fish and fowl. His premises comprise a commodious shop, which is handsomely appointed in accordance with the high-class character of the trade which he controls. Marble slabs and other requisite adjuncts give an air of absolute cleanliness and wholesome freshness which, in itself, is most appetising. Mr. Pratley, who is a thorough organiser, has made excellent arrangements for the regular supply of all kinds of fish of the best quality and in prime condition, in their due season. Equally prompt services of poultry and game are effected. Mr. Pratley has successfully made a speciality of having large supplies of native and other oysters during the proper months, and he counts many fastidious lovers of the luscious bivalve amongst his regular patrons. He also keeps enormous stocks of Wenham Lake ice. At the rear of the main premises are the curing departments, where herrings become bloaters, and haddocks take the hue of the smoke which envelopes them. Mr. Pratley regularly supplies many of the leading families in the district, whose complete confidence he has gained by the promptitude and accuracy with which he executes all orders.

EMBROIDERY AND FANCY ART NEEDLEWORK ESTABLISHMENT,
14A, OLD BOND STREET, BATH.

THE records of this thoroughly representative establishment show that it was organised thirty-five years ago by the Misses Clough and Honywill, and eventually came under the control of its present proprietresses, the Misses Gregory and Jelfs, under whose well-directed administration the business has been developed during the past fifteen years. Eligibly located in a prominent position in Old Bond Street, the spacious window is attractively arranged to hold and effectively display a complete and comprehensive stock of fancy art needlework, wools, silks, tapestry, and other materials in great variety. A prominent feature in the business is their commenced works, of which they always hold large and well-selected stock of both foreign and English. In their executive department they have some of the best workers, who are fully qualified to carry out special orders, such as embroidering monograms, crests, coats-of-arms, and in church work Miss Gregory stands practically unrivalled in Bath, and the liberal patronage she enjoys shows the appreciation she so well merits.

G. A. MUNDY, BOOKSELLER, LIBRARIAN, NEWSAGENT, AND GENERAL STATIONER,
BATH AND WEST OF ENGLAND LIBRARY, 8, BRIDGE STREET, BATH.

ORGANISED over a century ago, and conducted for many years by Mr. R. E. Peach, the author of “Historic Houses in Bath, The Bath Abbey, and Objects of Interest in Bath and Neighbourhood,” of which copies are still to be obtained, the business has for the past two years been carried on by Mr. G. A. Mundy. The spacious double-fronted shop in Bridge Street is elegantly appointed throughout in the best modern style, and most methodically arranged to hold and effectively display a complete and comprehensive stock of superior goods, representative of the latest and most fashionable forms of plain, commercial, educational, and fancy stationery, together with books in every branch of literature, science, and art, office requisites and stationers’ sundries, newspapers and periodicals, and a vast variety of useful and ornamental fancy articles, also photos of the principal places of Bath and surroundings. Approached by a staircase at the rear of the shop, there is on the first floor a first-class circulating library, in which all the publications of the day find an immediate place, and are largely availed of by both residents and visitors. In his executive department Mr. Mundy, with a staff of expert craftsmen, operates in every branch of engraving, die-sinking, and printing with economy, efficiency, and despatch, and the large and liberal patronage he enjoys is ample evidence of the fact that his efforts have not failed to meet with deserved appreciation and support.

E. HALL, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL FRUIT, VEGETABLE, FLOWER, AND SEED MERCHANT,
6, WALCOT BUILDINGS, BATH.

THIS attractive business was established some thirteen years ago by the above-named gentleman, who has since successfully developed a widespread and substantial trade in all parts of the city and district. The premises occupied by Mr. Hall comprise handsome and commodious double-fronted stores, with excellent windows, in which is displayed with effective taste a tempting selection of the choicest qualities of garden, field, and orchard produce of every variety in season. The establishment is daily supplied with a splendid assortment of English and foreign fruits, fresh vegetables, and the choicest cut blooms, wreaths, crosses, bouquets, and other floral devices of the most artistic and tasteful designs, together with flowering plants and ornamental shrubs for decorative purposes. At the back of the premises are extensive nursery grounds, well equipped with hothouses, forcing frames, &c., in which are reared every variety of flowers and plants as supplied by the proprietor. A most influential circle of patronage has been secured by Mr. Hall among the leading resident gentry in the city and in the suburbs, and from the efficiency and completeness of the resources of the establishment it has deservedly attained a wide measure of popularity with the numerous visitors to Bath. The services of a staff of assistants is employed in the several departments of the business, under the personal supervision of the energetic proprietor, whose exceptional skill and experience as a practical florist and nurseryman are evidenced by his remarkable success at local shows, having in 1891 obtained over forty prizes for cut flowers, plants, and fruit, and in 1892 secured equally satisfactory results in fewer competitions at which he exhibited. It is only fair to add that, before opening the above premises, the proprietor had considerable experience in plant and fruit growing with his father, the late Mr. A. T. Hall, who was also a very successful exhibitor at every show he attended.

W. T. RICH, SEED MERCHANT, AND IMPORTER OF DUTCH BULBS,
5, LADYMEAD, BATH; AND THE HILL FARM, BATHEASTON.

THE records of commercial enterprise afford few more prominent examples of continuous and progressive success than is furnished by the well-known business concerns conducted by Mr. W. T. Rich, Seed Merchant and Importer of Dutch Bulbs, of 5, Ladymead, Bath, and The Hill Farm, Batheaston, a brief sketch of whose career we have the pleasure of submitting to our readers. A few years ago Mr. Rich opened an establishment at 8, Fountain Buildings for the sale of kitchen garden and flower seeds. Having by personal experience become thoroughly acquainted with the habits and cultivation of the various kinds, his customers have always had the benefit of his advice, which has in no small degree contributed to his success. In a short time his business increased from a moderate retail connection to a wholesale trade of large dimensions, and has been so progressing that in September last he was compelled to relinquish his old premises for a more commodious establishment, which was secured at 5, Ladymead, Walcot, embracing every facility for the despatch of wholesale orders, a special feature being the packing of vegetable and flower seed in pictorial packets, which are sent to every part of the Kingdom in from one to upwards of fifty gross lots. At this department a choice assortment of agricultural kitchen garden and flower seeds of first-class quality may be procured at a very moderate price, and a comprehensive catalogue, arranged conveniently for reference, with full cultural directions invaluable to the amateur, may be obtained, or will be sent post free on application to the proprietor. The business is admirably managed under his personal supervision, and his practical experience affords an ample assurance for the highest efficiency in carrying out every detail of the administration of this prosperous concern, and in this gentleman’s hands the enterprise has secured a wide circle of well-deserved patronage I of the most substantial order.

THE GREAT WESTERN TEMPERANCE HOTEL.
PROPRIETOR, MR. J. C. MORRIS
(OPPOSITE'THE STATION), BATH.

THIS well-known hotel is of old-established standing in the city, having been in existence for the past half-century, and for the last two years has been ably conducted under the direction of Mr. J. C. Morris, the present genial and deservedly popular proprietor. The establishment comprises a handsome four-storey building, with commanding front elevation and spacious interior accommodation, fulfilling every requirement of a first-class family and commercial hotel. On the ground floor are commodious reading, coffee, and commercial rooms, above which are private sitting-rooms and numerous airy and comfortable bedrooms, affording accommodation for a large number of visitors. The hotel is furnished throughout in admirable modern style, with every requisite and convenience for the comfort of guests, at charges well within the compass of the most moderate means. Special attention is directed to the culinary department, which will be found of the most efficient order, and the attendance may also be noted as of superior excellence in every respect. The hotel is widely patronised by commercial gentlemen and families visiting Bath, and from its convenient proximity to the station and the principal objects of interest in the city, the establishment may be confidently recommended to tourists and travellers as one of the most centrally situated houses in this queen of inland health resorts. All trains are met on arrival, and the services of night porter are retained to attend to visitors to the hotel at any hour.

W. HITCHCOCK, COOK AND CONFECTIONER,
8, ARGYLE RSTREET, GREAT PULTENEY STREET, BATH.

ORGANISED over one hundred years ago, and carried on for the last twenty-six years under the able auspices of its present proprietor, the records of this noted refectory show that its commercial development has been both rapid and continuous from the commencement. The premises occupied are in every point of character and situation precisely adapted to the requirements of a brisk and essentially superior class of trade. They comprise a well-appointed shop and dining saloon, and an equipped bakery, each department being replete with every facility and convenience up to date. Mr. Hitchcock employs a staff of skilled bakers, cooks, confectioners, waiters, and others, and is at all times prepared to cater completely, with or without attendance, for wedding breakfasts, luncheons, ball suppers, &c., by contract or otherwise. Although a general cook and confectioner, Mr. Hitchcock’s reputation has been mainly built np as a maker and artist in bride, christening, and ornamental cakes; while for toothsomeness, his Savoy, Madeira, Genoa, and Venetian cakes, original Scotch scones, Sally Lunns, and biscuits may, with every justice, be pronounced perfection itself. The business is in a splendid condition of progressive development — a state in which it is well sustained by the ability and sound judgment that mark Mr. Hitchcock’s method of administration; and a first-class connection has been established and maintained among the principal families and visitors resident in the city and countryside for many miles around.

J. H. TOWNSEND, WOODTURNER AND FRETCUTTER,
16, TRIM STREET, BATH.

WHAT is unquestionably one of the most difficult and intricate of our industrial arts is successfully carried out in this city by Mr. J. R. Townsend as above. The concern is of old-established standing in the district, having been founded about half a century ago in Walcot, from whence it was subsequently removed in 1867 to the more commodious site now occupied at 16, Trim Street. The premises at this address comprise a spacious three-storey building, with large workshop on the ground and first floors, and office in the upper portion of the establishment. The workshops are replete with the best class of plant and machinery, including lathes, band-saws, and other requisites for forwarding the work of the operative departments, motive force being supplied from a vertical steam-engine placed on the ground floor. In the office may be inspected many highly-wrought specimens of the woodturner’s and fretcutter’s craft, which, in uniform excellence of design and finish and artistic workmanship, are worthy of record as triumphs of industrial skill in this line. A widespread connection has long been maintained by the proprietor among the leading cabinetmakers, builders, and other users of this class of production in the city, and by his acknowledged superiority as an expert in the trade Mr. Townsend has firmly established a reputation extending far beyond local limits. The services of a staff of experienced hands are employed in the various departments of the business, under the personal supervision of the principal, whose closest and most critical attention is given to every detail of the work in order to ensure the efficiency and finish of every article supplied from this ably managed and deservedly successful establishment.

WALTER E. SHACKELL, THE ORIGINAL DAIRYMAN,
ROYAL CRESCENT AND CIRCUS DAIRY, 20, CATHERINE PLACE, MARGARET’S BUILDINGS, BATH.

THE systematic supply of fresh dairy produce of exclusively the primest quality finds admirable representation in the city of Bath at the hands of Mr. Walter E. Shackell, who in the year 1888 succeeded his father in business as proprietor of the noted Royal Crescent and Circus Dairy, which had been held by Shackell pere for thirty-five years previously, and which dates back in its foundation to the year 1815. Eligibly located at Catherine Place, the double-fronted dairy, with its clean marble fitments, and temptingly displayed and perfectly retained daily supplies of pure fresh milk, cream, Devonshire cream, butter, and new-laid eggs, always presents a most wholesome and inviting appearance. Junkets are made to order, and from the Manor and Down Farms at Swainswick, which are carried on by Mr. James Samuel Shackell, and from which the dairy is supplied, Mr. Shackell is enabled to meet the special wants of invalids and nurseries with milk from Alderney cows kept expressly for that purpose. With every facility at his command, Mr. Shackell provides for the regular supply of families over a large circuit, upon specially advantageous terms, being well and favourably known for the reliability and exclusively superior character of all his supplies; and the large and liberal local and county patronage, principally amongst the best families, which he enjoys is ample evidence of the fact that his efforts have not failed to meet with deserved appreciation and support.

ELY’S TEMPERANCE HOTEL (COMMERCIAL AND FAMILY),
5 AND 6, SEYMOUR STREET, GREEN PARK, BATH.
MRS. ELY, PROPRIETRESS;
Telegrams: “Ely’s Hotel, Bath.”

ORGANISED upon temperance principles, under the able auspices of its present popular proprietress, in the year 1890, this essentially comfortable hotel, which is conveniently located directly opposite to the Midland Railway Station, bids fair to become one of the favourite resting-houses for commercial gentlemen on a business tour to Bath, as well as for private families. The hotel is comfortably and substantially furnished throughout in the best modern style, and is sanitarily perfect in all its appointments. The accommodation afforded comprises a capitally equipped commercial-room and cosy smoking saloon adjoining, provided with a good piano and every convenience and facility up to date for the rapid and effective transaction of business. Then there are two handsomely furnished drawing-rooms, and apartments en suite for private families, a spacious, comfortable coffee-room, and a complement of twenty neat, clean, and airy bed-chambers. The attendance is unexceptionable, and the cuisine excellent. Moderate charges characterise the benefit of the house in all respects, and the sound judgment and practical knowledge of Mrs. Ely, the genial and courteous proprietress of the establishment, is strongly manifested in every effort made to enhance the reputation of the hotel as one of the most desirable and most comfortable of “homes from home” wherein to sojourn when in the city of Bath.

TROWBRIDGE, BRADFORD-ON-AVON, MELKSHAM, CORSHAM, AND BOX.

A VERY ancient and notable Wiltshire town is TROWBRIDGE, reputed to be the wealthiest community in this interesting county, and also famous for several hundred years as a principal seat of the Western cloth industry, the broadcloths, kerseymeres, cashmeres, and other fabrics of which have gained such universal renown. Leland, the author of the famous “Itinerary” to which we are indebted for so much of our knowledge of English towns in the sixteenth century, mentions Trowbridge, and spells the name Throughbridge, possibly with that charming indifference to orthographical tramme’s which was characteristic of his period. At the same time it must be said that there is a doubt as to the origin of the name of Trowbridge in its modern form. Camden refers to the place in his “Magna Britannia,” and derives the name Trowbridge or Troubridge from the Saxon, signifying “strong bridge.” “But” (says he immediately afterwards), “for what reason it hath this name it doth not appear; it is more probable that the right name is Trolbridge, for besides the natural melting of l into n, there is a tithing in the liberty and parish called Troll, and a large common near it of the same name. Also in a manuscript history of Britain (which is an abridgment of Jeffery of Monmouth), the place is written Trolbridge, where it is said to have been built by Molmutius.”

Leaving these etymological differences on one side, and glancing for a moment at the history of Trowbridge, we find that, after being first a royal manor, and then a grant to John of Gaunt, and then reverting again to the Crown, it was granted by Henry VIII. to Edward Seymour. Subsequently, it again became the property of the Crown, and in Elizabeth’s time it passed into the hands of the Earl of Hertford. Since then the ownership has changed several times. The historical events associated with the career of Trowbridge in early and modern times have not been numerous but the place made a brave defence against the troops of King Stephen during the war between that monarch and Maud, daughter of Henry I.

In later times Trowbridge has made excellent progress, both municipally and commercially, and enjoys a prosperity due to the public spirit of its inhabitants, and to the energetic manner in which profitable local industries have been developed. The place has good facilities of transport, and many notable businesses are here carried on. The charitable and educational institutions of the district call for commendation. Trowbridge has a handsome Gothic parish church, dedicated to St. James, and a fine Town Hall, the latter being the gift of W. B. Brown, Esq., formerly a partner in a well-known firm of woollen manufacturers. Visitors to the town will find it well paved and well kept in every way, and will note the prettily-laid-out public gardens as not the least of its attractions. Two newspapers are published at Trowbridge — the ‘Trowbridge Chronicle’ and the ‘Wiltshire Times.’ The population of the town in 1891 was 11,717.

BRADFORD-ON-AVON, delightfully situated and presenting a most picturesque appearance, is a place of great antiquity, and as a proof of this it can point with pride to one of the most perfect Saxon churches extant. This quaint “ecclesiola” (as it is termed in the writings of William of Malmesbury) affords a clue to the real age of Bradford-on-Avon, for the church appears to have been founded by St. Aldhelm and by him dedicated to St. Laurence about the year 700 A.D. The town doubtless came into existence soon afterwards, and throughout the Saxon Period it seems to have been a place of some consequence, at all events in relation to the affairs of the district now called Wiltshire. As early as the time of Edward I. the cloth industry was established here, and it has flourished almost without interruption down to the present time. It is not a little remarkable that this quaint old-fashioned Wiltshire town and the busy, populous borough of the same name in Yorkshire should both be famous for their manufactures of typical English cloths, which for quality and variety are excelled nowhere else in the world. Bradford-on-Avon has good railway facilities, and in addition to the woollen cloth industries already referred to, there are various other noteworthy trades carried on, including brewing and quarrying. The town and its neighbourhood abound in places of interest, and will well repay the attention of the tourist. In 1891 Bradford had a population of 4,957.

MELKSHAM, situated on the Avon about six miles northeast of Bradford-on-Avon, has good railway and canal communication, and stands in the centre of a fine pastoral country. In Saxon times Melksham was a royal demesne, and is mentioned as such in Domesday Book. From very early times it seems to have been a busy and prosperous town, and there is still considerable business activity here, notably in connection with manufactures of woollens, cordage, sacking, brushes, cocoa fibre, &c. At one time it was thought that the mineral springs discovered here in the last century would have proved very advantageous to the town, and much money was expended upon the construction of baths, pump-rooms, &c. These efforts to attract patronage did not meet with the recognition they deserved, and Melksham has not become very famous as a watering place. It is, however, a well-kept and interesting town in many respects, and has some handsome buildings and a large parish church, with various local institutions of a creditable character. The Wiltshire and Berkshire Canal flows past the town on the east, and joins the Kennet and Avon Canal a short distance away. In 1891 the population of Melksham was 2,073.

CORSHAM, or Corsham Regis, is a flourishing market town in the hundred of Chippenham, about four miles north-west of Melksham. In Saxon times it was a residence of King AEthelred, and is mentioned in Domesday Book under the name of Cosseham. Corsham is well situated, and has satisfactory railway communication. It possesses an ancient and interesting parish church dedicated to St. Bartholomew, and has several notable schools and charities. In the vicinity are important freestone quarries giving employment to a large number of men. The population of the town is about 3,500. Corsham Court, with its fine gallery of paintings, is an attractive feature in the neighbourhood. It is the seat of Lord Methuen.

BOX, a populous village, situated about five miles to the north-east of Bath, and in the hundred of Chippenham, is famous for its fine freestone quarries, from which is obtained the excellent building material known as Bath stone. This is exported to all parts of the world, and the quarry
industry of Box is therefore a highly important one. Brewing and malting are also carried on here. Box is a station on the Great Western Railway, and the line passes at this point through the celebrated Box tunnel, which is nearly two miles long, and is in some places 300 feet below the surface. The population of the parish of Box is about 2,500.

Representative industrial and commercial concerns associated with the several Wiltshire communities above referred to are concisely reviewed in the following articles, to which we may now invite our readers’ attention.

REPRESENTATIVES OF COMMERCE

WARD & TAYLOR, WOOLLEN MANUFACTURERS
CHURCH STREET, NEW AND ABBEY MILLS, BRADFORD-ON-AVON; AND 17, GOLDEN SQUARE, LONDON, W.

THE Church Street, New and Abbey Mills at Bradford-on-Avon, have been in active existence for upwards of forty years, and, throughout that period, their proprietors by the magnitude of their operations have materially aided in maintaining the world-wide reputation of the West of England for producing the most substantial and elegantly finished woollen cloth goods which, are placed upon the markets. For six years, to come down to a recent period in their history, these mills were conducted with signal success by Messrs. Ward & Taylor, from whose hands, in 1888, they were transferred to those of Mr. H. H. Willis. This gentleman brought to his enterprise a thorough technical knowledge of the industry in which he is engaged, and an exceptional amount of business aptitude, which have enabled him fully to maintain the prestige of the house, and very considerably to enlarge its influence. The extent of the business controlled by the firm is in some degree indicated by the large area which the several premises cover, and by the fact that they give regular employment to upwards of three hundred hands, many of whom are necessarily highly skilled experts. In Mr. Willis’s mills may be seen in operation all the most approved modern types of machinery and mechanical appliances for the saving of labour and the perfecting of results in the various manufacturing processes which are carried on within the premises. So excellent is the working plant that the proprietor is enabled to effect material economies thereby, the advantages of which are shared to the fullest extent by the customers of the firm, who have the benefit of very moderate quotations for goods whose quality cannot be surpassed.

The firm have successfully made a speciality of trouserings and covert coatings. The goods of these classes which they produce are well known and highly esteemed in the markets, in which they are universally recognised as representing standard qualities. It is characteristic of their usual enterprise that this year (1893) the firm are making an extensive exhibit of their productions at the Chicago World’s Fair.

Messrs. Ward & Taylor, for Mr. Willis retains the well-known style and title of the firm, keep in touch with their wide circle of customers by the aid of an efficient staff of travelling representatives who periodically visit all the great centres of population throughout the United Kingdom. Their efforts to extend the area of the firm’s influence are much facilitated by the high reputation which the house maintains everywhere throughout the trade. At their headquarters in Bradford Messrs. Ward & Taylor have a suite of well-appointed general and private offices which are furnished with all the requisites for the expedition of the large amount of correspondence and other clerical work necessitated by the numerous and important transactions of the firm at home and abroad. In addition to their valuable and ever-growing connection in this country, which in itself involves a large output, they control a very extensive export business, the details of which are for the most part managed through their London office, which is situated at 17, Golden Square, W., where there is always on show an ever-changing succession of novelties, the production of the Bradford-on-Avon mills, which include all kinds of fancy woollen trouserings, suitings, covert coatings, and tweeds suitable for riding, rough wear, and knockabout suits, known technically under the name of whipcords, buckskins, ribs, Bedford cords and saddle tweeds and stable suitings. At the Bradford-on-Avon mills may be seen the whole process of woollen cloth manufacturing, from the first stage of scouring the wool, in the state it arrives in from Australia and the Cape, to where the cloth is pressed and packed up, ready to be delivered to the firm’s customers in different parts of the world.

E. BEAVEN & SON, DECORATIVE ARTISTS, PAINTERS, PLUMBERS, &C.,
MASON’S HILL, BRADFORD-ON-AVON.

THE house of Messrs. E. Beaven & Son, of Mason’s Hill, Bradford-on-Avon, has a reputation extending far beyond the immediate locality. This representative business had for many years been promoted by the late Mr. Ebenezer Beaven, whose recent death was widely regretted, but, owing to his decease, the business is now under the control of his eldest son, Mr. H. W. Beaven, whose work as a practical decorator may be seen locally and, among other places, at Bath, Clifton, and Worcester, and also at the Masonic Halls of the City of Leeds, the neighbouring borough of Wakefield, and at Bradford-on-Avon. On the premises at Mason’s Hill we found an extensive stock of materials requisite for the various branches of the business in the production of work of a substantial and thorough character. Great variety is seen in the collection of patterns of wall-papers and decorative items, derived direct from the leading manufacturers, and including numerous designs by Mr. Beaven, the present proprietor. We noticed also many specimens of Tynecastle tapestry, and other of the decorative materials in relief which are such an important feature of modern decorative work.

It is too often the case that provincial and country work called or miscalled decoration is of such a character that absolutely plain surfaces would be preferable. Crude and tasteless colouring is made more pronounced and offensive by the application of patterns by stencil or other means, which, so far from being ornamental, appear to have been designed for the express purpose of the irritation of any chance passer who possesses some refinement of taste. If the pattern happens to have been developed or taken direct from some classical source, it is too often sorely mauled in the transfer by bad drawing or bad execution. Even if fairly done the pattern is probably applied with no consideration as to its appropriateness for the purpose, or is used in juxtaposition with patterns wholly different in style and character. Proper decoration is impossible apart from some knowledge of architecture, and much knowledge and familiarity with its ornament and style, and neither of these is of much use without an innate and subdued correctness of taste in making use of the knowledge, and also a correct appreciation of the relative values of colours and tones. The vulgar misuse of colour and ornament in what is understood to be decoration is chiefly answerable for the present reaction in favour of simple white surfaces, a practice which, while it has much to recommend it when applied to ceilings and other work rich in relief and pure in character and style, is at the same time but negative and neutral, and leaves the fertile sense of colour unsatisfied, an omission Nature herself is never guilty of. We suggest a study of the works that have been carried out by this firm.

The department of plumbing and sanitary engineering, of daily increasing importance, has been for many years a prominent feature of this business, and this department is developing, together with that of gas-fitting and electric and other bell fitting. Many drawings of works which have been carried out are to be seen, and the firm is prepared to submit carefully coloured sketches and estimates, free of cost, of all proposed decorative and other work, including leaded lights and memorial windows, ecclesiastical, municipal, and all kinds of domestic artistic painting, and to carry out the same with the assistance of the staff of careful and efficient workmen always employed.

W. NORRIS, FAMILY AND DISPENSING CHEMIST,
SILVER STREET, BRADFORD-ON-AVON.

PRACTICAL pharmacy in the highest phases of its modern development finds an able representative and exponent at the rapidly rising town of Bradford-on-Avon, in the person of Mr. W. Norris, who in the year 1890 acquired the thriving business which had been organised as far back as sixty years ago by a Mr. Saunders, and was subsequently carried on since 1883 by a Mr. Cooper. Eligibly located in a commanding position at the corner of Silver Street and Kingston Road, the spacious double-fronted shop (augmented by fully stocked stores at the rear) is elegantly appointed throughout in the best modern style, and most methodically arranged to hold and effectively display a thoroughly representative stock of goods composed of drugs and chemicals of ascertained purity and standard strength, all the popular patent medicines of the day, choice perfumery, toilet, nursery, and sickroom requisites, cattle medicines of every kind, medical and surgical appliances in the way of belts, bandages, and trusses, elastic stockings, chest protectors, enemas, &c., and the numerous sundries incidental to a thoroughly first-class modern pharmacy. In his well-equipped laboratory Mr. Norris, with competent assistance, operates in every branch of practical pharmacy, devoting the most careful and competent attention to the dispensing of physicians’ prescriptions and the compounding of family recipes, by reason of which he has won the full confidence and esteem of all the leading local practitioners of medicine, and the liberal support of & large family and general clientele, characterised by every attribute of desirability and distinction.

J. HALE, DAIRYMAN,
SILVER STREET DAIRY, BRADFORD-ON-AVON.

MR. HALE commenced the above business in Bradford-on-Avon some months ago, and has fully proved his capacity and ability in catering for the requirements of the public in each department of the trade in which he is successfully engaged. The establishment, known as the Silver Street Dairy, comprises an attractive shop, with good frontage, in which is daily displayed a selection of the choicest qualities of dairy produce supplied direct from the best sources to meet the demands of a high-class
trade of this character. The interior is neatly furnished and appointed throughout and is noteworthy for the scrupulous cleanliness observed in every detail of the arrangements. The establishment is daily supplied with new milk, fresh butter, new-laid eggs, delicious Devonshire cream, pork sausages and poultry, the latter being killed to order when required. This class of produce is received from a farm at Winsley, near Bradford, where Mr. Frank Hale, a brother of Mr. J. Hale, possesses extensive facilities for rearing dairy stock, which enable him to guarantee the purity and freshness of all goods purveyed. A widespread and influential circle of family patronage has been established by the proprietor, customers’ orders being daily collected and delivered in all parts of the town and suburbs, and under this gentleman’s able and energetic management a steadily increasing trade connection is maintained in each department of the concern.

RICHARD ABERY, GENERAL DRAPER AND HOSIER,
THE SHAMBLES, BRADFORD-ON-AVON.

ORGANISED as far back as the year 1773 by the grandfather of the late Mr. S. Taylor, who in his turn had held the business for very many years, this representative drapery depot was acquired in 1892 by its present able and enterprising proprietor, under whose vigorous regime the business shows every sign of rapid enhancement and development. The spacious double-fronted shop, with its commodious show-rooms and heavily stocked ware-rooms, is handsomely appointed throughout in the best modern style, and most methodically arranged to hold and effectively display a complete and comprehensive stock of goods, that has manifestly been selected with great care and judgment from the best markets and manufacturers of the day both at home and abroad. All manner of everyday drapery goods, in the way of fashionable dress materials, household drapery and linens, Manchester wares, &c., hosiery, gloves, and corsets, and fashionable novelties of every kind incidental to the trade are all exhaustively represented, and are all available at the lowest possible prices consistent with equitable trading. Mr. Abery’s connections and facilities are of a distinctly superior character, enabling him to offer many special advantages to his numerous patrons, and to execute and deliver all orders in a prompt and satisfactory manner; and it is manifest to all that he spares no effort to meet the exact requirements of all his customers, and to make the present and future reputation of his house fully consistent with all its past traditions of credit and renown.

JAMES GORE & CO., BAKERS, GROCERS, PROVISION MERCHANTS, AND WILTSHIRE BACON AND HAM CURERS,
31, SILVER STREST, BRADFORD-ON-AVON.

OCCUPYING a premier place among the leading houses engaged in the various departments of trade and industry which they so admirably represent at Bradford-on-Avon, this noted firm was organised, under the able auspices of its present enterprising proprietors, a quarter of a century ago, at its present eligible address in Silver Street. The spacious double-fronted shop, with a neat office at the rear, which overlooks the whole depot through a glass partition, is handsomely appointed throughout in the best modern style, and provided with every facility and convenience for the prompt service and general convenience of customers, and the rapid transaction of a very brisk business. Large stores at the rear, moreover, afford ample accommodation for the perfect storage of a splendid surplus stock of exclusively superior goods, from which large and urgent orders can be instantly supplied.

The stock held by Messrs. Gore & Co. is characteristically complete. Tea of the best Indian, Ceylon, and China growths forms a leading line, the firm’s 1s. 10d. Ceylon blend tea being unequalled for richness, delicacy, and bouquet. Of coffees a large choice is afforded, in raw or freshly roasted and ground beans of Costa Rica, Mysore, East India, and other noted produce. Cocoas are found under the well-known labels of Fry, Cadbury, Van Houten, Epps, and others, while the name of general select groceries, chandlery, and other items incidental to the trade is legion.

In connection with the provisioning department Messrs. Gore & Co. have special slaughter and curing houses in Bridge Street, where they prepare mild cured bacon and hams from prime Wiltshire-fed pig, and render the lard so carefully that it has stood the crucial tests of public analyses, and has been found so pure and wholesome that they enjoy the custom of Guy’s Hospital in London, and of many other well-known institutions. Their fresh dairy butters include the best produce of England, Ireland, Denmark, and Lombardy, while they are none the less renowned for their English finest Cheddar, Canadian, and Continental cheeses, comestibles, and tinned and bottled provisions and table delicacies of the highest order. A special line, moreover, is made of fresh daily made sausages.

As bakers they are noted for their special wholemeal and pure barm bread. The firm make and bake, in their own well-equipped bakehouse at the rear, a large variety of plain and fancy breads, biscuits, and cakes, and also supply the finest flours, com, meals, &c., together with the celebrated Reading biscuits and cakes of Messrs. Huntley & Palmers, local families being waited upon daily by their service of delivery carts. Energetic and enterprising in keeping pari passu with the advances of the times, the firm thoroughly deserve the distinct success that has attended their representative house, and they spare no effort to preserve intact the reputation they have acquired, the confidence they have gained, and the high advantages they have secured in the possession of a large and influential connection, which has been developed not merely locally, but which extend- to Bristol and practically throughout the South of Wales.

J. F. GOODALL, SILK MERCER, DRAPER, AND OUTFITTER,
34 AND 35, SILVER STREET, BRADFORD-ON-AVON.

ALTHOUGH there are many excellent establishments devoted to the same branch of business operations in the rapidly-rising township of Bradford-on-Avon, there can be no doubt about the matter that a premier place must be accorded in these pages to the old-established undertaking which is now so vigorously and successfully governed by Mr. J. F. Goodall, trading under the style and title designated above. Originally organised some seventy years since, the business was acquired about five years ago by Mr. Goodall, and its past history shows that its progress has been steady and continuous from the very commencement, until at the present time a good family trade of much magnitude and importance has been developed.

Occupying a commanding position in the very centre of the town, the handsome two and three storeyed buildings constituted by Nos. 34 and 35, Silver Street present an attractive facade of about sixty feet, which was entirely remodelled about fourteen years ago, and consequently bears a distinctly modern appearance, while the four fine show-windows furnish a centre of great attraction for the gentlewomen of Bradford, by reason of the artistic display of fashionable novelties there always en evidence. The buildings cover a large area of ground, extending backwards for a considerable distance, while the spacious shops withindoors are elegantly appointed throughout in the best modern style, being methodically divided into distinct departments, each of which is, as far as practicable, independent of the others, and has its special staff of assistants, who are held responsible for the maintenance of the excellent order which prevails in every part of the premises. Altogether, a very large (perhaps the largest in Bradford) staff of courteous and efficient assistants, workers, and others is employed at this establishment, and everywhere there are evidences of the care and attention bestowed by the proprietor in arranging for the reception, prompt service, and general convenience of his numerous patrons.

No. 34, Silver Street is devoted to the outfitting departments, where a large bespoke tailoring trade is done, while No. 35 is reserved for general and fancy drapery. There are tastefully-appointed showrooms for the effective display of the firm’s leading line in millinery, and for mantles up to date, millinery work, and the production of ladies’ and children’s lingerie and outfits, the work being constantly and carefully superintended by expert specialists, whose duty it is to keep in touch with the latest London and Paris and other styles and fashion fancies of the day. For household linens, sheets, blankets, table napery, towels, and domestic drapery of every kind, the house has always sustained an unrivalled reputation, while special attention is paid to the prompt and economical execution of family mourning orders and the complete furnishing of funerals. Mr. J. F. Goodall, who, it may be mentioned en passant, is a popular and much-valued member of the Horse Show Committee, and also of the Chrysanthemum Committee, of Bradford, personally superintends every branch of his vast business, which is conducted throughout with a careful competence that is well calculated to preserve all the creditable traditions of this old and highly reputed house, and to sustain it in the public favour it has so long and so deservedly enjoyed.

WILLIAM DOTESIO, PRINTER, BOOKBINDER, STATIONER, BOOKSELLER, LITHOGRAPHER, DIE-SINKER, &C.,
THE CIRCULATING LIBRARY, 15, SILVER STREET, BRADFORD-ON-AVON.

PROJECTED about half a century ago by a Mr. Bubb, and acquired in the year 1890 by its present enterprising proprietor, this representative printing and stationery business ranks to-day as the leading one of its kind in the busy town of Bradford-on-Avon. The records of the house show that since the advent of Mr. Dotesio the business has literally progressed by leaps and bounds, and doubtless the most effectual way in which to indicate its true character, scope, and aims would be to give a concise descriptive sketch of the establishment as it now stands, and to supplement this with a few observations upon the nature of the operations there being carried on. Occupying a prominent position in Silver Street, the spacious well- appointed shop is neatly and artistically arranged to display a complete and comprehensive stock of goods composed of books in all branches of literature many of which are sumptuously bound; a fine collection of all manner of plain, school, commercial, and fancy stationery, and stationers’ sundries; and a variety of leather, wood, metal, and other fancy goods incidental to the trade.

In his executive department Mr. Dotesio owns a splendid plant of modern machinery and appliances for the execution of artistic printing and lithographic work, in connection with which Mr. Dotesio makes a special feature of fine tabular and other international telegraphic figure and cipher printing, of which he has some beautifully printed specimens on hand-made paper, and another feature is the printing of books in African dialects. In special designs, old and quaint styles, reproductions by photographic process, specially drawn for customers, he has a fine collection, and his growing London connection and the testimonials from different parts of the country show that his printing is making for him a very wide connection. In the earlier portion of this volume will be found two views ci Bradford-on-Avon, part of a series of pen drawings specially sketched for Mr. Dotesio by Mr. Albert Starling, and to appear shortly in a guide to the town. He undertakes bookbinding, and die-sinking and stamping, and engraving, in all their branches, specimens of his beautiful work being available for inspection in the pattern-books of wedding stationery, invitation and visiting cards, and samples of artistic printing which are shown.

Mr. Dotesio moreover conducts a circulating library, no further recommendation of which is necessary beyond mention of the fact that it is affiliated to Mudie’s, of London. The business in all its branches is conducted with marked ability, energy, and enterprise, upon a thoroughly sound basis of honourable mercantile principle; and it is clear that Mr. Dotesio spares no effort to make the present and future reputation of his house more than consistent with all its past traditions of credit and renown.

W. H. WILLSON, DISPENSING AND FAMILY CHEMIST,
SILVER STREET, BRADFORD-ON-AVON.

ORGANISED as a first-class pharmacy as far back as the year 1834, the records of this representative business show that it was promoted from the year 1839 down to 1886 by a Mr. Marks, and was then acquired by its present able and energetic proprietor, under whose vigorous regime it has been developed to its present prosperous condition. The spacious double-fronted shop, with its commodious fully-stocked stores at the rear, is admirably appointed throughout in the best modern style, and accommodates a stock of goods composed of drugs and chemicals of ascertained purity and standard strength, all the popular patent medicines of the day, choice perfumery, toilet, nursery and sickroom requisites, British and foreign mineral waters and artificial aerated beverages, medical and surgical appliances, and the numerous sundries incidental to a first-class modern pharmacy. As licensed to sell alcoholic preparations and beverages, Mr. Willson also holds a large stock, and does a substantial trade in all kinds of popular British, Australian, and foreign wines, and, being in the centre of a large and thriving rural and agricultural district, has also developed a brisk business in, and won a widespread renown for, his cattle medicines, and those of the leading makers of the day.

Mr. Willson is the possessor of an interesting pharmaceutical relic in the shape of a bell-metal mortar dated 1664, and bearing a relief portrait of Charles II., endorsed C.R. The mortar weighs about half a hundredweight, and is always en evidence in the pharmacy. In his laboratory, Mr. W. H. Willson, with adequate assistance, operates in every branch of practical pharmacy, devoting the most careful and. competent attention to the dispensing of physicians’ prescriptions, and the compounding of family recipes, by reason of which he has won the full confidence and esteem of all the leading practitioners in the town, and the liberal support of a large and still rapidly growing clientele characterised by every attribute of desirability and distinction.

TROWBRIDGE.

G. N. HADEN & SONS, HEATING, VENTILATING, AND GENERAL ENGINEERS,
TROWBRIDGE; AND AT LONDON, MANCHESTER, AND BIRMINGHAM.

AN old-established and thoroughly responsible house in Trowbridge, and one largely occupied with its special line of business, is that of Messrs. G. N. Haden & Sons, the extensive heating, ventilating, and general engineers. This eminently noteworthy business was founded in the early part of the present century by Messrs. George and James Haden, who, together with George Nelson Haden, lately deceased, developed the concern with gratifying results. The present proprietors are Mr. J. Poynton Haden, Mr. W. Nelson Haden, and Mr. C. Haden, all of whom have had a sound practical training in the business, and, with the help of efficient managers in the various branches, are fully maintaining the best reputation of the firm, whilst every year adding to its resources and the extent and value of its connection. Large and commodious premises are occupied, offering every convenience for the effective working of an important business of this kind. They consist of a compact suite of private and general offices, turning, fitting, and finishing shops, pattern-rooms, warehouses, and stores. The works are fitted up with plant and machinery of the latest and most modern type, including many special apparatus and labour-saving appliances, the whole being driven by steam. The foundry, is situated in another part of the town, and every provision is made for producing all kinds of castings required in the trade, the work being thus done on the premises from beginning to end.

The firm is doing a large business in the general engineering department, and is well known for the accuracy, durability, and efficiency of its work; but the leading speciality is the manufacture and fixing of various kinds of heating and ventilating apparatus. In this special line they have had a large experience, and their services are in demand throughout the United Kingdom. Absolute satisfaction is guaranteed, and the increase in this branch of the business shows how well this undertaking is being carried out. Many important Government contracts have been received in their special line* and in every case have been carried to completion in a conscientious, able, and satisfactory manner. In addition to the Trowbridge establishment the firm hold branches at 123, Cromer Street, London, W.C.; 4, Albert Square, Manchester; and 13, Peel Buildings, Lower Temple Street, Birmingham, where there are resident managers. The proprietors take an active interest in all local institutions and movements. Mr. J. Poynton Haden is a member of the Local Government Board, and is also a guardian of the poor.
The telegraphic addresses of the house are; “Haden, Trowbridge”; “Warmth, London”; “Haden, Manchester”; and “Warmth, Birmingham.”

W. R. HARDING, BREWERY FITTER, COOPER, VAT AND BACK MAKER, MANUFACTURER OF BREWERS’ CASKS,
WILTSHIRE COOPERAGE, CASTLE STREET, TROWBRIDGE.

NO record of the industrial activity of Trowbridge would be complete without special reference to the establishment of Mr. W. B. Harding, brewery fitter, cooper, vat and back maker, and manufacturer of all descriptions of brewers’ casks, whose new premises in Castle Street are just now completed. This business was established in 1889 by the present sole proprietor in Duke Street, and by him has been developed with conspicuous ability and well-deserved success. Bringing to bear upon his new undertaking a long practical acquaintance with the trade in all its branches, he has succeeded in laying a substantial foundation, on which he has now erected one of the largest and most important businesses of the kind in the county of Wilts. With increased trade came the necessity for further accommodation, and Mr. Harding, with characteristic enterprise, set about the building of new premises in Castle Street. These comprise spacious stave-yard, sawmills fitted with circular and band saws of the most improved modern pattern, long range of coopering shops, all thoroughly well equipped, various stores, warehouses, and offices. The building alone covers a space one hundred and forty feet in length, and sixty feet in width.

The arrangement and equipment throughout are complete in every detail. The machinery is driven by a powerful horizontal engine, but it should be noted that mechanical means are used only in preparing the material, the whole of the cask-making being done by hand. A large trade is being done in the various specialities for which the house is noted, and the goods turned out are such as will stand favourable comparison with those of the best-known London firms. The output in the old works was about one hundred and fifty casks weekly, but with the increased facilities of the new premises this will be considerably increased, and orders of whatever magnitude will be executed with the utmost despatch. The timber employed in the manufacture — crown Memel — is very carefully selected, and is imported direct by the proprietor from Russia. It is thoroughly seasoned and tested before being used, and every process of making is rigorously supervised so as to insure a thoroughly reliable and finished production.

The articles manufactured by this firm include every kind of casks, pins, firkins, kilderkins, barrels, hogsheads, mash tuns, bouge and splay vats, &c. Cases are also supplied for repairs, and staves for heading are cut as required. Mr. Harding deals largely in various kinds of brewers’ sundries, bushes in gun-metal or malleable iron, branding irons, corks, bungs, shives, spiles, mops, brushes, indiarubber delivery, racking and general hosing, refrigerators, attemperators, pumps, spargers, taps, unions, and copper piping. Extensive stocks are held, the finished casks alone occupying two capacious stores.

A speciality is made of the manufacture of dairy utensils, and the cheese vats, churns, bowls, and similar goods turned out are reckoned among the strongest and best procurable. Another branch of the business followed by the proprietor is that of brewers’ licensed victuallers’, and general valuer. By prompt attention to all orders, and always supplying the best and most reliable goods, a connection has been developed extending throughout Wiltshire, Somersetshire, Hampshire, Dorsetshire, and Devonshire. In every branch of this industry Mr. Harding has established a high reputation for the excellence of everything made or handled.

GEORGE MOORE, BUILDER AND CONTRACTOR,
CASTLE STREET, TROWBRIDGE.

A THOROUGHLY capable and responsible business in Trowbridge is to be found in that of Mr. George Moore, the extensive and old-established builder and contractor. It is now close upon twenty years since Mr. Moore first began operations on his own account, and during all that time, thanks to his ability, push, and judgment, a steady but continuous progress has been maintained, every year in passing adding to the efficiency of the house and the extent of its transactions. An excellent name has been secured for the thorough reliability which can be placed in the proprietor to carry out whatever he undertakes in the best possible manner, and with every regard to time and conditions. This feature is one of the greatest importance in a business of this kind, and it may be truly said to have had no inconsiderable influence in bringing about the prosperity of the house.

Well-situated and convenient premises are occupied as above, consisting of a compact suite of offices at the front, and saw-mills, and carpenters’ and joiner’ shops, together with extensive yards at the rear. The various workshops have been equipped with plant and machinery calculated to facilitate the despatch of business and to produce the best possible results at the least possible cost. A force of never less than seventy-five men is kept employed, including sawyers, carpenters, joiners, bricklayers, slaters, &c., and every branch is carefully supervised by a responsible manager. The yards are fully stocked with British and foreign timber in various stages of seasoning, bricks, slates, drain pipes, sanitary ware, ridges, roofing, paving tiles, laths, cement, plaster of Paris, and the many requisite materials in a builder’s and contractor’s trade. It needs only a glance round at these immense collections to see that a business of no common magnitude is being carried on here, and that the proprietor is thoroughly prepared to enter upon any undertaking in his line without a moment’s delay.

Mr. Moore takes in hand every description of building work, and, needless to say, carries it out in a skilful and satisfactory manner. Special attention is bestowed upon drainage and sanitary matters generally, and a very excellent name is enjoyed for the many difficult jobs the firm has carried out in this direction. Many large contracts have been placed in Mr. Moore’s hands, especially in the building trade. In this department he possesses every advantage both of ample resources and skilful men, and perfect satisfaction can always be guaranteed in material and workmanship, as well as in prices. Among the many noticeable buildings erected by the firm may be mentioned the handsome and imposing premises of Mr. H. J. Knee, known as Knee’s Furnishing Emporium, St. James’s Hall, Trowbridge, and the almshouses on the Downs. The proprietor has been favoured with several important contracts by the County Council, and is at the present time carrying out a contract with Lord Dornnington, of Farleigh Castle.

A leading branch of the business consists of the manufacture of window-sashes, frames, doors, and similar articles, all of which are well known and appreciated among carpenters and builders for the sound character of the material and the accurate and finished way in which they are turned out. The wood is in every case perfectly seasoned, and the articles guaranteed for strength and durability. Mr. Moore’s experience has been of the soundest and most desirable kind, and he is unremitting in his efforts to keep up the standing of his house. He is well known and respected in trade circles for his straightforward and honourable methods, and no man has worked harder to obtain success or more richly deserves it now it is attained.

KEMP & HEWITT, WOOLLEN MANUFACTURERS,
INNOX AND SILVER STREET MILLS, TROWBRIDGE, WILTS.

NOWHERE is the West of England cloth manufacturing industry represented under better conditions than in the well-ordered and splendidly equipped establishment of Messrs. Kemp & Hewitt, which includes both the Innox and the Silver Street Mills. These mills have been in active operation for a great many years, and have always filled a position of honourable prominence in the textile manufacturing business of the West of England. For eighteen years, and up to a very, recent date, these famous mills were under the control of Messrs. Hewitt & Kemp. The retirement of the senior partner, and the admission of his son to a membership of the firm, brought about a change in the style and title of the firm, which is now Kemp & Hewitt, the members being Messrs. John Kemp and Henry Lovell Hewitt. The great bulk of the mills, and the large area of ground which they cover, convey some idea of the magnitude of Messrs. Kemp & Hewitt’s operations. At the Innox Mill is a spacious warehouse, in which are always held heavy stocks of those specialities of the firm’s manufacture that are in constant demand in the markets. Here, also, there is a suite of well-appointed general and private offices, which are furnished with all the requisites for the prompt despatch of the large amount of correspondence and other clerical work which is necessitated by the numerous and important transactions of the house at home and abroad.

All the industrial operations of the mills are conducted under the most favourable conditions possible. The labour-saving mechanical appliances are of the most approved modern type, and represent everything which the most matured experience could suggest, and which a judicious and liberal expenditure of capital could command. So excellent is the working plant throughout that Messrs. Kemp & Hewitt are enabled to effect material economies in the cost of production, and so to reduce the quotations for their uniformly high-class productions. The firm are well known in the markets as extensive manufacturers of meltons, patent and other beavers, covert coatings, military cloths, fancy coatings, woollen twills, &c. These productions are all in constant and active demand, not only throughout the whole of the United Kingdom, but all over the Continent of Europe, as well as in America.

Notwithstanding the excellence of their machinery, and the consequent facilitation of the processes of manufacture, the output is so large that Messrs. Kemp & Hewitt give constant employment to over two hundred and fifty experienced hands, under the supervision, in each department, of expert specialists. In their premises the visitor interested in the production of the highest class of West of England cloth might witness all the processes of manipulation to which the wool, bought by the firm in its raw condition, is subjected, including sorting, scouring, dyeing, carding, spinning, weaving, and the various processes of finishing. In their productions Messrs. Kemp & Hewitt restrict themselves to the production of the very finest qualities of goods, and their specialities are regarded by experts in the market as representing the very highest standards of quality and finish. They have a fully equipped London office, with sample-room, at 29, Glasshouse Street, London, W., and through their agent there control a very large amount of business, both in the home trade, and also with the large shipping houses in the metropolis. In all the leading centres of population in the United Kingdom the firm are periodically represented by one of the firm, whose efforts to extend the area of the house’s influence are greatly assisted by the high reputation which their productions enjoy throughout the trade. The registered telegraphic address of the firm’s headquarters is, “Innox, Trowbridge.”

Notwithstanding the heavy demands which are made upon Mr. Kemp’s attention by the extent of his business, his powers of administration enable him to devote much time and attention to public business, and he has rendered much valuable service to the district as a member of the Local Board and Board of Guardians, &c. Mr. Hewitt also takes an active interest in the various local athletic bodies. He holds a commission in the 1st Wilts Rifle Volunteers, and is president of the Trowbridge Cycling Club, &c.

PALMER & MACKAY, WOOLLEN MANUFACTURERS,
ASHTON AND COURT MILLS, TROWBRIDGE.

THE inception of this time-honoured business goes back for more than a century, and it is justly regarded as the patriarch in the trade. The present title of the firm was assumed in 1877, the title having been Brown & Palmer for many years previous thereto, the business subsequently coming into the possession of the now sole proprietor, Mr. Alexander Mackay. Under the energetic and intelligent control of the worthy principal, the business, so long favourably known among similar establishments, has grown at a rapid pace. In every department the highest standard of efficiency is maintained. The facilities possessed for manufacturing are of the most ample and perfect kind. The premises consist of large and commodious mills, standing on five acres of ground, and comprising dyeing, weaving, and every necessary department for producing the finest articles straight from the raw material. The plant and machinery is of the latest and most approved character, and many special appliances and inventions are to be found here exclusively. The motive power is supplied by powerful steam-engines, and in the whole establishment employment is found for a force of not less than seven hundred hands, this being the largest cloth factory in the district.

An immense business is in operation solely in the manufacture of fancy woollen trouserings. These goods enjoy a world-wide reputation, and are recognised among buyers as thoroughly superior and reliable goods. For sound material, durability, and perfect finish they have admittedly no successful rivals, the merit of the goods being such that wherever they are introduced a permanent demand is occasioned. The business done is entirely wholesale, and valuable connections are maintained with all the leading firms in the United Kingdom and the British Colonies. Mr. Mackay is well known in the trade, and recognised as a thoroughly representative manufacturer. He occupies a position of eminence in trade and commercial circles, and is held in the highest esteem by business men for his strict integrity, enterprise, and sterling personal worth. Mr. Mackay is no less distinguished for his public spirit and the genuine interest he takes in the town and its benevolent and philanthropical institutions. He is an active supporter of all measures conducing to the welfare of his fellow - citizens, and the appreciation in which his services are held has been graciously acknowledged by his appointment as a Justice of the Peace for Wiltshire.

R. J. MASSEY & CO., LETTERPRESS PRINTERS,
MARKET PLACE, TROWBRIDGE, WILTS.
Telegrams: “Massey, Trowbridge.”

THE energetically and intelligently conducted business which is carried on by Messrs. R. J. Massey & Co. as letterpress printers was founded in 1884, by Mr. R. J. Massey, who is the sole proprietor of the establishment. Mr. Massey is a skilful printer, with a thorough (twenty-three years’) technical knowledge of the trade, and a degree of artistic taste which is of great value in the production of high-class work. Thus within a comparatively brief period he has gained a position of honourable prominence amongst printers in the West of England. The rapid increase in his volume of business constrained him in 1887 to remove from his original office to much more conveniently situated and commodious quarters. Here the premises, in addition to a well-appointed commercial office, are furnished with every requisite for the prompt despatch of the clerical business of the firm, and comprise a spacious composing-room, supplied with a large and carefully selected variety of new founts of type from the most eminent English, German, and American foundries. In the machine-room are two powerful printing machines of the most improved modern make, together with hand presses for special classes of work. The entire plant is composed of the very best materials that can be purchased; hence a high standard of work is the result. The firm controls an important business extending over a wide local area, as general printers producing especially all varieties of commercial work. They have, however, gained a reputation which is much more than merely local for certain attractive specialities, including fancy circulars in black, colours, and gold, which are arranged with excellent artistic effect. For these there is a large and increasing demand from all parts of the Kingdom, including Scotland and Ireland. The firm have also justly gained much credit for their illuminated addresses on vellum. In Messrs. R. J. Massey & Co.’s establishment Trowbridge possesses a printing office whose productions reflect credit on the district.

H. CHAPMAN & CO., WHOLESALE BEDDING MANUFACTURERS,
TOWN BRIDGE AND DUKE STREET MILLS, TROWBRIDGE.

THE firm whose name appears at the head of this article is one occupying a leading and representative position among the local manufacturers of bedding of every description, and one whose reputation has been acquired solely on the merits of the goods manufactured. This noteworthy business was originated in 1878 by Mr. Hedley Chapman, and developed by him with ability, energy, and enterprise. The old standing of the house is fully kept up, and many new names and connections have been added to the business. Large and extensive premises are occupied; known as the Town Bridge and Duke Street Mills. The accommodation consists of substantial blocks of three-storey buildings, thoroughly well arranged and equipped with plant and machinery of the latest and most improved kind. The ground floor is utilised for making straw palliasses; the second floor is occupied with the finishing and packing. There are also large and well-appointed offices, both general and private, and extensive stock-rooms, filled with linen and Belgian ticks of every variety of colour and pattern, Forfars, and Hessians; as well as rooms set apart for making wool and spring mattresses and feather and other beds.

A force of about sixty hands is employed, and in every department a system of organisation and discipline is in force that is alike creditable to the managerial capability of the proprietor, and productive of the best results. Every facility is possessed in the shape of the newest carding and sewing machines, and a splendid trade is in operation. The goods manufactured have established themselves in the markets, and are great favourites with all classes of buyers, being universally recognised as superior and reliable articles. The feathers, wool, straw, and other materials are very carefully selected, and are thoroughly and scientifically cleaned and purified before being used. Every process of manufacture is carefully carried on, and the productions of the firm in perfection of workmanship, style, and durability are well deserving of the popularity they enjoy. The manufacture is carried on with the minimum of expense, and the firm quotes such prices as, joined to reliable work, cannot be bettered at any similar establishment. By years of close attention to business, and careful execution of all orders, a valuable and substantial connection has been built up, extending to every town of importance in the West and south-west of England. The firm have lately added a new and improved plant for the manufacture of woven wire mattresses, and are doing an increasing trade, both in home and export markets.

THE NORTH WILTS CARRIAGE AND WAGON WORKS,
STALLARD STREET, AND INNOX, TROWBRIDGE.
PROPRIETOR, MR. F. ALDER (LATE LUCAS & SON), FARRIER AND GENERAL SMITH.

THIS ever-vigorous industry was established in or about the year 1700, so that it has existed in active energy for nearly two centuries. What is even more remarkable, the business was handed down from father to son until 1887, when Mr. Alder became the sole proprietor, and for many years the name of the firm of Lucas & Son was well known throughout a wide area. Mr. Alder was during twenty-eight years employed in the service of Messrs Lucas & Son, in the establishment of which, six years ago, he became the proprietor. Since then he has used his matured technical knowledge to the greatest advantage, and has not merely fully maintained the prestige of the old-established house, but has very considerably extended its influence. The premises occupy a commanding position in Stallard Street, extending right through to Innox. They comprise well-appointed showrooms and offices, with a spacious factory and smiths’ shops. All the industrial departments are equipped with the requisite mechanical appliances. So excellent is the working plant throughout that Mr. Alder, as a carriage-builder, is able to compete on the most favourable terms with any other first-class firm in the trade in any part of the West of England. A large staff of skilled workmen, some of them expert specialists who have been in the firm over twenty years, are employed in the several departments, under the steady supervision of the principal. In the showrooms, which are very commodious, there is always a capital display of Mr. Alder’s excellent work in almost every conceivable class of conveyance. He has gained the complete confidence of many of the leading families in the county, by the combination of elegance of design, durability, lightness of movement, and first-class finish which his work always exhibits. To repairs he pays special attention, all orders being executed in the promptest manner possible. Mr. Alder also controls a valuable business as a farrier and general smith.

FOLEY, SON & MUNDY, F.S.X., AUCTIONEERS, ESTATE AGENTS, LAND SURVEYORS, AND GENERAL VALUERS,
AUCTION MART AND OFFICES, MANVERS STREET, TROWBRIDGE.

THE department of business operations undertaken by the modern auctioneer, estate agent, land surveyor, and general valuer finds able representation in the town of Trowbridge at the hands of the well-known firm whose rise and progress furnishes the theme of the present brief historical review. Organised forty-four years ago, under the able auspices of the late Mr. J. Graham Foley, the business in 1870 was reinforced by the admission of the founder’s son as a partner, and about seven years ago was joined by Mr. Mundy, who had long been associated with the firm, having previously been articled to them, when the style and title designated above was finally adopted, and has been retained since the decease of the founder, the present personnel of the firm being Mr. J. Howard Foley and Mr. Herbert Mundy, both of whom are Fellows of the Surveyors’ Institute.

The handsome two-storeyed building now occupied by the firm was expressly built to meet their requirements in 1872, and presents a bold frontage of about twenty yards to Manvers Street. On entering, there is a suite of one general and two private offices, augmented at the rear by a large and lofty sale-room, with yards and sheds adjoining. In addition to this fine mart the firm hold a permanent cattle ring, with large calf-shed and office, and pens in the Trowbridge Market, where they conduct sales on market-days which are largely patronised by farmers, breeders, and agriculturists generally. Messrs. Foley, Son & Mundy, with a staff of competent assistants, operate on an extensive scale as general auctioneers of all manner of freehold and personal property, merchandise, household effects, &c., conducting sales either at their own mart or in any part of the town or country. They also sell by private contract, their large connection generally enabling them to command satisfactory transferences in this way. All classes of land and estate agency business are transacted, and among other work in which they are largely engaged the firm effect valuations for probate or mortgage, act as trustees in bankruptcy, make surveys and plans of all kinds, &c., and act as the accredited agents for the Alliance Assurance Company, the Eagle Life Insurance Company, the London Guarantee and Accident and the Accident Insurance Companies and the Employers’ Liability Assurance Corporation.

MELKSHAM.

HENRY WHITE, GENERAL DRAPERY, MILLINERY, AND MANTLE WAREHOUSEMAN, OUTFITTER, TAILOR, HATTER, HOSIE, &C.,
MARKET PLACE AND HIGH STREET, MELKSHAM.

FOR the sake of conventional description a review of this comprehensive business may best of all be contributed in form of a brief sketch of the two establishments over which Mr. White presides in the order named above. The business in Market Place was organised over half a century ago by a Mr. Fox as a drapery depot, and was acquired by Mr. White in 1886; while the clothing stores in High Street had been opened by Mr. White in 1881. The drapery stores in Market Place consist of a double-fronted shop, extending backwards for a considerable distance through well-appointed departments to an attractively ordered mantle and millinery show-room at the rear, whilst on the floor above are the well-equipped work-rooms for the execution of special orders in dress and costume making, millinery, and lingerie. Each department is replete with articles of standard worth, as well as fashionable novelties for the season; and in addition to dresses, costumes, mantles, and millinery, the selection of goods illustrative of general household, outfitting, and fancy drapery is about as exhaustive and perfect as it well can be.

The clothing stores in the High Street is also a double-fronted shop, methodically arranged to hold and to effectively display a splendid stock of gentlemen’s, youths’, and_ boys’ readymade clothing, silk and felt hats, and caps for all occasions, hosiery, gloves, and outfitting items of every kind, strictly seasonable and up-to-date. In the executive department here a staff of experienced tailors is fully employed in producing gentlemen's and boys’ fashionable attire for all occasions, made to measure in the latest styles, and guaranteed to realise a perfect fit. Here, too, for the convenience of customers and the public at large are neatly appointed hair-dressing saloons, for both ladies and gentlemen, where an expert artiste is retained, and tonsorial work in all its highest branches undertaken at a moderate tariff of charges. The business in all its manifold branches is directed with marked ability, energy, and enterprise upon a thoroughly sound basis of mercantile principle; and under Mr. White’s present system of administration the house promises to continuously eclipse its past successes in the bright prospect of still better days to come.

THE MELKSHAM DAIRY COMPANY (PROPRIETOR, MR. CHARLES MAGGS), BUTTER MANUFACTURERS,
MELKSHAM, WILTS.

UNDER the style and title of the Melksham Dairy Company, Mr. Charles Maggs has founded, and is none the less successfully conducting, a most flourishing and extensive factory by the admirable organisation and administration of which he has practically solved the problem Of producing in England factory-made butter which, by its uniform and excellent flavour, should advantageously compete with the foreign descriptions, with which, during recent years, our markets have been swamped. Mr. Maggs began his industrial operations between five and six years ago, and his connection has in the interval steadily shown a large annual increase, through no other influence than the absolute merit of the butter which he produces in enormous quantities.

The premises utilised as the Melksham Butter Factory formerly constituted the dye-house of a firm of cloth manufacturers. After the failure of the cloth trade, Mr. Maggs purchased the dye-house, and proceeded to adapt it to the requirements of the industrial processes requisite for the production of butter on the factory system, and to engage a large number of hands. Regarded, indeed, from the purely local point of view, not the least important of the results of Mr. Maggs’s enterprise is the impetus which it has given to local industries of various classes. The well-known excellence of the Wiltshire pasturage makes Melksham an excellent centre for such a business as Mr. Maggs has created. In the Melksham Dairy will be found all the machinery and mechanical appliances representing the latest development of sciences as practically applied to the processes of butter-making.

Every morning from seven till ten there is to be seen arriving at the Company’s premises a procession of farmer’s carts and wagons from all parts within a circuit of thirty miles, bearing milk in special metal cans of uniform capacity, which are provided by the Company. And here it may be noted that, as one of the results of Mr. Maggs’s operations, the Wiltshire farmer is now receiving, taking all the circumstances into account, a better price for his milk than when he had to consign it for sale to an agent at a distance, or to run all the risks of making it into butter on his own account. At the factory his milk, on arriving, is first weighed and then tested to show the specific gravity of the milk, and amount of butter-fat and the proportion of water, if any, which it contains. The milk is then passed through two receivers, where the processes of cleansing are performed, and that of separating the cream is commenced. The milk is next heated by steam power up to seventy degrees, before it enters the separators, which are three in number, two of them being “Laval’s” patents, capable of separating one hundred and fifty gallons each per hour, and one, the “Danish,” capable of separating two hundred and eighty per hour. The separated milk is diverted to another part of the building, and subjected to a heat of one hundred and eighty degrees, to kill any germs which produce decomposition. Then it is passed over a refrigerator, reduced to sixty degrees, and is thus rendered fit for safe transit.

The cream is also refrigerated, and then runs into a tier of “ripening” tanks, where it remains exposed to the atmosphere for twenty-four hours, passing thence, by tubes, to two of Hathaway’s barrel-churns, each capable of churning one hundred and eighty to two hundred pounds at a time. From the churn the butter is removed to the “butter worker,” in which all possible moisture is pressed out and the butter-milk passes away. The “making up” process is performed in an underground chamber, lighted by a wire lattice window, women being employed in this department. A wooden scoop is in each hand of the operator, who ises it dexterously to produce rolls, or pats of butter, stamped with the brand, “Moonraker,” in playful reference to a nickname given to the residents of Wiltshire.

The Melksham Dairy Factory is distinguished by the possession of an ice-making machine and refrigerating chamber, Puplett’s patents. All the machinery is driven by a steam-engine, eight horsepower, of recent construction, by Gillet,, of Melksham. The engine also injects steam at great pressure into the empty milk-cans, so as to thoroughly cleanse them. It likewise grinds barley into meal to supply some hundreds of pigs at Mr. Maggs’s farm, where also, for similar purposes, is used the superfluous skim-milk produced in the butter making. This farm is connected with the factory, which is situated at the lower end of the town, in convenient proximity to the railway station, by a telephone, the first which was seen in the district. On the premises, also, is a laboratory, where a sample of each farmer’s milk is chemically tested to show the quantity of butter-fat, &c., which it possesses. The whole building is scrupulously clean, and an exhaust-fan carries off the impure air.

The enormous output of the factory is disposed of in London, in Birmingham, throughout South Wales, and along the south coast of England and eastern counties into Kent. Such is the reputation gained by the “Moonraker” brand that Mr. Maggs is enabled to fix his price at 6d. to 1s. per dozen pounds beyond the current rates of the best foreign butter. As a result of the notable success which he has achieved at Melksham, Mr. Maggs, about two years ago, opened a branch factory at Frome, and the combined output of butter exceeds any similar establishment in England.

HAYTER & DODSON, TAILORS AND BREECHES-MAKERS,
HIGH STREET, MELKSHAM.

IN connection with ladies’ and gentlemen’s high-class tailoring there is no house in the busy market town of Melksham that is possessed of a higher reputation than, or one more capably sustained for so long a period as, that of Messrs. Hayter & Dodson, dating back in its foundation to over a century. Occupying a commanding position in the High Street, the ground floor of the handsome three-storeyed building is neatly appointed throughout, while the work-rooms are admirably equipped with every facility for the rapid and effective execution of orders. In the show-room a characteristic display is always en evidence of all the best and most fashionable fabrics and tailoring materials for the season, every facility being afforded to customers for their close and careful inspection. Messrs. Hayter & Dodson, as expert cutters and tailors, employ none but skilful and soundly experienced craftsmen, and operate in all branches of tailoring, producing clerical garb, hunting outfits, and riding breeches and trousers, ladies’ habits and jackets, servants’ liveries, and the like, and giving to each garment an individuality of style, a perfection of fit, that can only be imparted by a thorough master of the sartorial art. Upon these recommendations, coupled with moderate charges and strict punctuality in the execution of all orders, the firm have won and retained a very large and influential connection among the leading families resident in the town and the county gentry; and they clearly spare no effort to make the present and future reputation of their house fully consistent with all its past traditions of credit and renown.

JAMES E. BUSH, A.F.S., DISPENSING AND FAMILY CHEMIST,
THE PHARMACY, MARKET PLACE, MELKSHAM.

DATING back in its foundation as far back as the year 1816, and carried on for many years by the late Mr. R. Laine, this, the principal pharmacy in the busy market town of Melksham, has for the past three years been under the capable control of Mr. J. E. Bush, an associate of the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, and is distinctly worthy of a prominent place upon the pages of this review. The pharmacy per se is most eligibly located in the Market Place, and is neatly appointed throughout in the best modern style, and equipped with everything to facilitate the prompt and accurate dispensing of physicians’ prescriptions, the compounding of family recipes, and the preparation of household, farm, and veterinary medicines of every kind, none but drugs and chemicals of ascertained purity and standard strength being used; while subsidiary to his pharmaceutical practice, Mr. Bush operates in every branch of dentistry, extracting teeth when required with great care and skill, and making and adapting artificial teeth with all the latest improvements.

In addition to an exhaustive series of pure drugs and chemicals, Mr. Bush keeps well in touch with the times by holding a complete stock of all the popular patent medicines of the day; choice toilet, nursery and sickroom requisites; medical and surgical appliances and chemists’ sundries of every kind, together with medicinal mineral waters and aerated beverages; and horse and cattle medicines, sheep dips, and other preparations in demand amongst the rural community for many miles around. In his well-equipped laboratory, moreover, Mr. Bush conducts analyses, and prepares a large series of valuable medicines, which are locally very popular, and amongst which special mention must be made of the following, all of which have been proved worthy of a place in the home or farm by reason of their efficacy in combating and overcoming the various ailments and disorders for which they have been specially prescribed. These are Bush’s Compound Pectoral Balsam for coughs and colds; Bush’s Neuralgia Cure, Bush’s American Antiseptic Tooth Paste, Bush’s Corn Pigment, Laine’s Liver and Stomach Pills; Laine’s Furniture Polish; and popular Old English Lavender Water. Among standard preparations Mr. Bush prepares and has a very large and constant demand for Phosphorised Quinine and Iron Tonic, and Sir Erasmus Wilson’s Hair Wash, while for the farm and employers of horse labour there are always here to be found Cooper’s Celebrated Sheep Dips, Gripe Drenches for horses, the Farmer’s Strong Horse Oils for cattle generally, and Laine’s noted Chill and Cleansing Medium. Although not coming exactly within the scope of drugs and chemicals, Mr. Bush acts as the accredited agent for Horniman’s famous teas; and by courteous and prompt attention to the requirements of medical gentlemen, as well as their patients and the general public, has secured and retained the patronage of many of the leading local and county families, and a very substantial support drawn practically from all classes of the community.

CORSHAM.

H. SPACKMAN, GROCERY, DRAPERY, AND OUTFITTING ESTABLISHMENT,
HIGH STREET, CORSHAM.

ORGANISED as far back as a century and a half gone by, this representative business has throughout its lengthy period of existence been conducted under but two names, having been in two Mr. H. Spackmans’ hands for the past seventy years. Eligibly located, the extensive premises consist of two adjoining spacious shops, having a total frontage of no less than sixty feet. The shops form distinct departments, but inter-communicate, and everywhere there are evidences of the care and attention bestowed by the proprietor in arranging for the reception, prompt service, and general convenience of his numerous patrons. General groceries and prime provisions, everyday drapery goods, including a special family mourning and funeral furnishing department, and outfittings for both ladies and gentlemen are sold at the very lowest possible prices consistent with equitable trading. Every branch of the business receives the personal supervision of Mr. Spackman (who, it may be mentioned, is an esteemed member of the Corsham School Board), and is conducted with a careful competence that is well calculated to preserve all the creditable traditions of this old and well-reputed house.

W. FARNELL, BUILDER, PLASTERER, AND IRONMONGER,
PICKWICK ROAD, CORSHAM, NEAR BATH.

THIS well-known business was originally established over a quarter of a century ago by Mr. George Norris, who subsequently transferred his interest in the concern to the above-named gentleman in 1876. The premises occupied by Mr. Farnell comprise spacious and conveniently arranged sale warehouse, workshops, and yards. The sale-shop is replete with a large general assortment of household and furnishing ironmongery, tools, and every description of builders’, plumbers’, and gasfitters’ requisites in great variety. The commodious yard is well stocked with all kinds of timber and building materials, and the workshops are furnished with all the necessary plant for forwarding the work of the several branches of trade in which the proprietor is engaged. The class of work undertaken by this gentleman includes all kinds of building operations and repairs, plastering, &c., in which the services of a staff of competent hands are employed. All work entrusted to Mr. Farnell is carried out strictly under his personal supervision, with the highest efficiency and guaranteed sound and reliable workmanship, qualifications that ensure perfect satisfaction in the execution of all orders undertaken by the proprietor. A first-class all-round trade is in steady operation in each department of the concern, a widespread and influential connection having been secured by Mr. Farnell among the neighbouring property-owners and local gentry, and by consistently maintaining a uniform standard of excellence in each class of work undertaken the proprietor deservedly enjoys the confidence and support of a numerous circle of patronage in all parts of the district.

FRANCIS BAINES, FAMILY AND DISPENSING CHEMIST, WINE AND SPIRIT MERCHANT, CORSHAM STATIONERY WAREHOUSE,
HIGH STREET, CORSHAM.

PRACTICAL pharmacy in the highest phases of its modern development finds an able representative and exponent at Corsham in the person of Mr. Francis Baines, who about twelve years ago, in his capacity as a fully-qualified chemist by examination, acquired the business over which he now presides with such vigour and success, and which had been organised between thirty an forty years ago. The business is now of a triple character, as indicated by the style and title designated above. The spacious double-fronted is appropriately divided into a pharmacy on the one side and into a first-class stationery depot on the other, where in addition to all manner of stationery and fancy articles up to date, Mr. Baines does a very substantial bookselling business, including the regular distribution of newspapers and periodical publications. In his pharmacy Mr. Baines, who is the only fully-qualified chemist in Corsham, operates in every branch of his profession, devoting the most careful and competent attention to the dispensing of physicians’ prescriptions and the compounding of family recipes, and by the use of drugs and chemicals of ascertained purity and standard strength has won the full confidence and esteem of the leading local practitioners and the liberal support of a large and influential family connection. In his third department Mr. Baines does a sound and substantial trade as a general wine and spirit merchant, and dealer in all manner of popular mineral waters and aerated drinks, and his house stands high in the estimation of a very large and widespread connection, by reason of the sound methods and honourable principles which have always characterised its business transactions.

MRS. S. NEALE, BRUSH MANUFACTURER,
CORSHAM, WILTS.

MRS. S. NEALE, the proprietress of the brush factory at Corsham, was a Miss Horsey, and, therefore, she represents in every respect the well-known family who, since 1811, have been identified with the business, which forms one of the leading industrial institutions in the district. The high reputation gained by the successive generations of the Horsey family for the excellence of their productions is fully maintained by Mrs. Neale. The premises occupy a position on the Pickwick Road, and have been adapted to the requirements of the business. They comprise, in addition to the industrial departments, a double-fronted sale-shop and show-room, the display windows of which are rendered attractive by the fine assortment of brushes and mops of all sizes and sorts. In the well-appointed interior stocks are held of sweeping brooms, scrubbing and stove brushes, whisk carpet brooms, baluster, hearth, and other brushes for domestic use, as well as bass brooms, and spoke, water, body, and dandy brushes for stable purposes, all of which are made upon the premises by experienced workmen. The quality of all the articles produced by the firm is further guaranteed by the constant supervision of the proprietress, who has a thorough technical knowledge of all the requirements of the business, and is laudably anxious to preserve the prestige of the old-established house, and by the employment in the processes of manufacture of the best materials exclusively. The varied stock, it should be added, contains large quantities of hair and clothes brushes, with much diversity of mountings. A reputation which is much more than local has been gained by the firm for their brewers’ and scavengers’ brushes, the production of which they have successfully made a speciality, and for which they always have a large demand from all parts of the United Kingdom, and sometimes from beyond its limits. The industry, successfully carried on by the Horsey family for the best part of a century, enjoys the regular support of the leading county families, principal residents, and important business establishments throughout a wide district. Mrs. Neal also controls a large wholesale trade, including a considerable export business to Australia and New Zealand.

G. D. CROOK, WHOLESALE & RETAIL DRAPERY, MILLINERY, OUTFITTING, AND BOOT ESTABLISHMENT,
HIGH STREET, CORSHAM

DATING back in its foundation to a period between thirty-five and forty years, and promoted for some years under the auspices of a Mr. J. C. Child, this comprehensive business came under its present enterprising proprietor some eight years ago, and made such rapid strides that about three years since Mr. Crook found it necessary to annex “London House” adjoining, so that his premises now present a most attractive frontage of four spacious show windows, altogether about sixty feet in extent. Withindoors all the appointments of the place are in the best modern style, while everywhere there are evidences of the care and attention bestowed by the proprietor in arranging for the prompt service and general comfort and convenience, not only of patrons, but of his numerous staff of courteous and capable assistants.

Every department of general drapery, millinery and millinery materials, and fancy drapery goods, household linens, heavy goods, and kindred commodities, ladies' lingerie, babylinen, and children’s underwear, gentlemen’s outfitting items, hosiery, corsets, and gloves, bespoke clothing, boots and shoes, and haberdashery, and all manner of small wares are exhaustively represented, and are particularly rich in the best and most fashionable novella; while large stocks are maintained to meet the demands of a good wholesale connection and the orders arriving from the firm's two country travellers. In the executive departments for millinery and tailoring only expert hands are employed, and all orders are executed in a prompt and satisfactory manner. Personally Mr. Crook is well known and much esteemed amongst a very large local clientele, both trade and family, as an enterprising and thoroughly capable business man.

J. BOSCOMBE, BOOT AND SHOE MAKER,
HIGH STREET, CORSHAM.

MR. BOSCOMBE organised his present prosperous business some six-and-twenty years ago, and the records of his undertaking show that its commercial progress has been both rapid and continuous from the very commencement. The spacious double-fronted shop, with its perfectly-equipped workshop at the rear, is handsomely appointed throughout in the best modern style, and most methodically arranged to hold and display a complete and comprehensive stock of ladies’, gentleman’s, and children’s boots and shoes, that have manifestly been chosen with great care and judgment from the leading manufacturers of the day; and conspicuous amongst which are the celebrated “K” boots for men; Messrs. Cooper’s, of Croydon, boots and shoes for women; and a large selection of soundly and substantially made boots and shoes suitable for the industrial classes. In the higher branches of fashionable boot-making Mr. Boscombe, with a staff of expert craftsmen, makes boots and shoes to measure of exclusively the best quality, guaranteeing a perfect fit, correct style, and finished workmanship, and he also engages on a very large scale in every branch of repairs. Personally Mr. J. Boscombe is well known and much esteemed in both social and trade circles as an enterprising, honourable, and thoroughly capable business man; and it may be mentioned that he takes a deep and beneficial interest in local affairs, being a highly valued and useful member of the Committee of the Mechanics’ Institute, a manager of the British School, a gas-light inspector, and a member of the Technical Education Committee.

BOX

T. MERRETT & SON, BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS, WHEELWRIGHTS, SMITHS, AND UNDER-TAKERS,
BOX, WILTSHIRE.

THE important industrial business which is conducted by Messrs. T. Merrett & Son has a long and honourable record, having for many years been carried on by the late Mr. G. T. Elliot. The valuable connection then created has been largely extended by the Messrs. Merrett during the twelve years which have elapsed since they took over the business. As builders and contractors they hold the foremost position in the Box district, and are the owners of extensive premises, comprising sheds, yards, and workshops, all of which have been admirably adapted to the requirements of their many-sided business. The yards contain large and varied stocks of building materials, including large quantities of thoroughly seasoned timber. The workshops are equipped with all the requisite labour-saving machinery, and the firm are able to compete on the most favourable terms with any establishment in the West of England. The well-appointed offices are furnished with all the requisites for the despatch of the considerable amount of clerical work which is necessitated by the numerous and important transactions of the firm.

Messrs. Merrett & Son have become favourably known far and wide for the excellent class of work which they turn out, as builders of wagons and carts. They undertake, and successfully execute, all descriptions of building, repairing, and house decorating, and in the last-mentioned department exhibit much sound and artistic taste. The firm give constant employment to a most efficient permanent staff, averaging a score or more of highly skilled workmen. The firm are engaged in making extensive additions to Box Public Schools, and they are always in a position to undertake large contracts in any part of the country. Much of the notable success which Messrs. Merrett & Son have achieved is the result of the care with which the principals supervise all the industrial operations, and of their strict adherence to the rule of using in their work the best classes of materials only. The Messrs. Merrett are personally well known throughout a wide district, and are universally held in high esteem for the inflexible integrity and the spirit of liberality which characterise all their transactions.